Data can be input into a computer system using various input devices like keyboards, mice, touchscreens, microphones, and scanners. A monitor displays the computer's output using pixels, resolution, dot pitch, and refresh rate. There are different methods of computer output such as text, graphics, audio, and video. Printers are also an output device and come in various types like inkjet, laser, and thermal printers. When handling computer data, it is important to consider ethical issues around altering, erasing, or using others' data without permission.