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[1D6]RE-view of Android L developer PRE-view

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The document discusses key architectural changes and performance improvements in Android L, including: 1. The introduction of a separate UI and render thread to improve responsiveness. 2. A move from just-in-time (JIT) compilation to ahead-of-time (AOT) compilation with the new Android Runtime (ART) to boost performance. 3. Enhancements to the garbage collection model to reduce pause times and fragmentation.

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이경민 LG전자 RE-viewofAndroid L DeveloperPRE-view
http://developer.android.com/preview/index.html
1 http://developer.android.com/preview/index.html
1 2 http://developer.android.com/preview/index.html
Material Design Goals -Create a visual language that synthesizes classic principles of good design with the innovation and possibility of technology and science. -Develop a single underlying system that allows for a unified experience across platforms and device sizes. Mobile precepts are fundamental, but touch, voice, mouse, and keyboard are all first-class input methods. Material is the metaphor Bold, graphic, intentional Motionprovides meaning Principles http://www.google.com/design/spec/material-design/introduction.html
Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/
Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
Key Architectural Changes in L
Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread
Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation
Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces ① ① ②
Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces ②
Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces
Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces One of the most exciting topics that was glossed over was the introduction of a dedicatedrender thread. The goal of the render threadis to take many of the atomic animationsintroduced with material designand perform them autonomously, so they don’t hold up the primary UI toolkit thread. Source: http://www.willowtreeapps.com/blog/google-io-from-the- trenches-android-l-and-material-design/
UI (Main) Thread Activity ThreadHelloAndroid.apk Activity Looper Message Queue Service BroadcastReceiver ContentProvider H handleMessage() ViewRootImpl handleMessage() TLS Threaded Task Binder Object Storage (File,Prefs,DB,Network) Window Android Manifest.xml Resources Intent Views Views Views Application Instrumentation test.apk Test Case
Looper, Message Queue, and Handler
GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering
GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition
GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition
GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition GPU RasterizationGPU Composition
GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) GPUI Display List View Layers Display List Properties Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering … CPU Rasterization GPU Composition GPU RasterizationGPU Composition
Display List A display list records a series of graphics related operation and can replay them later. Display lists are usually built by recording operations on a android.graphics.Canvas. Replaying the operations from a display list avoids executing views drawing code on every frame, and is thus much more efficient. DisplayList::Op[Non-Drawing] <<enumeration>> +Sav e +Restore +RestoreToCount +Sav eLayer +Sav eLayerAlpha +Translate +Rotate +Scale +Skew +SetMatrix +ConcatMatrix +ClipRect DisplayList::Op[Drawing] <<enumeration>> +DrawDisplayList +DrawLayer +DrawBitmap +DrawBitmapMatrix +DrawBitmapRect +DrawBitmapData +DrawBitmapMesh +DrawPatch +DrawColor +DrawRect +DrawRoundRect +DrawCircle +DrawOv al +DrawArc +DrawPath +DrawLines +DrawPoints +DrawText +DrawTextOnPath +DrawPosText +ResetShader +SetupShader +ResetColorFilter +SetupColorFilter +ResetShadow +SetupShadow +ResetPaintFilter +SetupPaintFilter +DrawGLFunction OpenGLRenderer drawDisplayList(…) DisplayList replay(…) DisplayListRenderer draw*(…, SkPaint) void* buffer SkWriter32 write*(…) SkReader32 read*() GLES20RecordingCanvas draw*(…, Paint) android_view_ GLES20Canvas_draw*(…) GLES20Canvas drawDisplayList(…) draw*(…, SkPaint) GLES2/gl2.h glXXX(…) Source: 10th Kandroid Conference – Skia and FreeType: Android 2D Graphics Essentials
Display List A display list records a series of graphics related operation and can replay them later. Display lists are usually built by recording operations on a android.graphics.Canvas. Replaying the operations from a display list avoids executing views drawing code on every frame, and is thus much more efficient. DisplayList::Op[Non-Drawing] <<enumeration>> +Sav e +Restore +RestoreToCount +Sav eLayer +Sav eLayerAlpha +Translate +Rotate +Scale +Skew +SetMatrix +ConcatMatrix +ClipRect DisplayList::Op[Drawing] <<enumeration>> +DrawDisplayList +DrawLayer +DrawBitmap +DrawBitmapMatrix +DrawBitmapRect +DrawBitmapData +DrawBitmapMesh +DrawPatch +DrawColor +DrawRect +DrawRoundRect +DrawCircle +DrawOv al +DrawArc +DrawPath +DrawLines +DrawPoints +DrawText +DrawTextOnPath +DrawPosText +ResetShader +SetupShader +ResetColorFilter +SetupColorFilter +ResetShadow +SetupShadow +ResetPaintFilter +SetupPaintFilter +DrawGLFunction OpenGLRenderer drawDisplayList(…) DisplayList replay(…) DisplayListRenderer draw*(…, SkPaint) void* buffer SkWriter32 write*(…) SkReader32 read*() GLES20RecordingCanvas draw*(…, Paint) android_view_ GLES20Canvas_draw*(…) GLES20Canvas drawDisplayList(…) draw*(…, SkPaint) GLES2/gl2.h glXXX(…) Source: 10th Kandroid Conference – Skia and FreeType: Android 2D Graphics Essentials
Display List: An Example DrawDisplayList DrawPatch Save Translate ConcatMatrix DrawBitmap RestoreToCount $ adbshell dumpsysgfxinfo[pid|pname] JB (API Level 18) Source: 12thKandroid Conference –Terminology and History of Android Performance Features
Android Animation DrawableAnimation Frame(-by-Frame) Animation View Animation Tween(ed)Animation Property Animation What Showing a sequence of images in order Performing a series of transformations on a single image Modifying an object's property values over a set period of time Added/ Updated 1 1, 4 11, 16,18, 19 APIs android.graphics.drawable. AnimationDrawable android.view.animation.* android.animation.* (2011/02) Animation in Honeycombhttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/02/animation-in-honeycomb.html (2011/05) Introducing ViewPropertyAnimatorhttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/05/introducing-viewpropertyanimator.html (2011/11) Android 4.0 Graphics and Animationshttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/11/android-40-graphics-and-animations.html Source: 13thKandroid MinMax–Silky Rendering Choreographer and Animation
Property Animation (Pre-Jellybean) Source: 13thKandroid MinMax–Silky Rendering Choreographer and Animation ValueAnimator doAnimationFrame() TimeInterpolatorgetInterpolation() Elapsed Fraction TypeEvaluator evaluate() Interpolated Fraction Current Value Frame Time ( Frame Time –Start Time ) / Duration Math.pow( Elapsed Fraction, 2 Factor ) e.g., AccelerateInterpolator AnimatorUpdateListener onAimationUpdate() Start Value+ ( End Value–Start Value )  Interpolated Fraction Thread Local Storage sendEmptyMessageDelayed() w/ ANIMATION_FRAME handleMessage() sendEmptyMessage() w/ ANIMATION_START AnimationHandler start() 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Drawing w/ Single UI Thread Activity SurfaceFlinger Event Set Property Value Invalidate Measure & Layout Prepare Draw Update DisplayList Draw DisplayList Swap Buffers Display List Dequeue Buffer Composite Windows Post Buffer Enqueue Buffer Something Happens Draw Display
Drawing w/ UI & Render Threads Activity SurfaceFlinger Event Set Property Value Invalidate Measure & Layout Prepare Draw Update DisplayList Draw DisplayList Swap Buffers Display List Dequeue Buffer Composite Windows Post Buffer Enqueue Buffer Something Happens Draw Display Render Thread
Threads in Action Threads in KitKat
Threads in Action Threads in KitKat
Threads in Action Threads in KitKat Threads in L
Threads in Action Threads in KitKat Threads in L
Food for Further Review
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/ Implications to Application Developers
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/ Implications to Application Developers •Property Animation vs. Atomic Animation?
Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
Performance Boosting Thing
“Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
“Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
“Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
“Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
PBT == ART Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Garbage Collection Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Garbage Collection 64-bit Support Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
DalvikVM: Register-based ※Stack, Accumulator, Register machine Stackmachine : 0-operand instruction set Accumulatormachine : 1-operand … Registermachine : 2 or 3-operand … 000b: iload05 000d: iload04 000f: if_icmpge0024 0012: aload_3 0013: iload05 0015: iaload 0016: istore06 0018: lload_1 0019: iload06 001b: i2l 001c: ladd 001d: lstore_1 001e: iinc05, #+01 0021: goto000b 0007: if-gev0, v2, 0010 0009: aget v1, v8, v0 000b: int-to-long v5, v1 000c: add-long/2addr v3, v5 000d: add-int/lit8 v0, v0, #int 1 000f: goto0007 Java VM(JVM) bytecode Dalvik VM(DVM) bytecode Items JVM DVM bytes 25 18 dispatches 14 6 reads 45 19 writes 16 6 public static long sumArray(int[] arr) { long sum = 0; For (inti: arr) { sum += i; } return sum; }
Just-In-Time Compiler (Froyo~) Source: Google I/O 2010 –A JIT Compiler for Android's DalvikVM
Just-In-Time Compiler (Froyo~) Source: Google I/O 2010 –A JIT Compiler for Android's DalvikVM When to Compile? What to Compile?
AOT Compiler (L~) Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
AOT Compiler (L~) When to Compile? What to Compile? Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
.art / .oat / .odex Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표)
JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Speed/Space
JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Optimization Window Speed/Space
JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Optimization Window Memory Sharing Speed/Space
Food for Further Review
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field?
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field? •Small vs. Large Method?
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field? •Small vs. Large Method? •Java-only vs. JNI w/ C/C++?
Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
Changes in GC: WHY?
Changes in GC: WHY? 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1
Changes in GC: WHY? 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1
Changes in GC: WHY? 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps Longer GC Pauses 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps Longer GC Pauses Poor UI Responsiveness 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
Changes in GC: WHAT?
Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps
Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps Serial vs. Parallel Concurrent vs. Stop-The-World Compacting vs. Non-compacting vs. Copying
Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps Serial vs. Parallel Concurrent vs. Stop-The-World Compacting vs. Non-compacting vs. Copying Source: http://www.somanyword.com/2014/01/how- memory-management-garbage-collector-works-in-java- and-difference-types-of-garbage-collectors-in-java/ http://www.slideshare.net/dougqh/understanding- garbage-collection Understanding Garbage Collection
Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html)
Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics 인간공학(人間工學, ergonomics)이란인간과그들이사용하는물건과의상호작용을다루는학문이다. 인간공학은인간의기계화가아닌인간을위한공학(design for human)을말한다. 즉, 인간의행동, 능력, 한계, 특성등에관한정보를발견하고, 이를도구, 기계, 시스템, 과업, 직무, 환경을설계하는데응용함으로써인간이생산적이고안전하며쾌적한환경에서작업을하고물건을효과적으로이용할수있도록하는것이다. [네이버지식백과] 인간공학[Ergonomics] (학문명백과: 공학, 형설출판사)
Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics 인간공학(人間工學, ergonomics)이란인간과그들이사용하는물건과의상호작용을다루는학문이다. 인간공학은인간의기계화가아닌인간을위한공학(design for human)을말한다. 즉, 인간의행동, 능력, 한계, 특성등에관한정보를발견하고, 이를도구, 기계, 시스템, 과업, 직무, 환경을설계하는데응용함으로써인간이생산적이고안전하며쾌적한환경에서작업을하고물건을효과적으로이용할수있도록하는것이다. [네이버지식백과] 인간공학[Ergonomics] (학문명백과: 공학, 형설출판사) Tuning Garbage Collection with the 5.0 Java[tm] Virtual Machine http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/ gc-tuning-5-138395.html Garbage Collector Ergonomicshttp://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/ guides/vm/gc-ergonomics.html
Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Long Pause for GC_FOR_ALLOC Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Long Pause for GC_FOR_ALLOC Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Reducing Heap Fragmentation Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
Reducing Heap Fragmentation Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2
GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim
GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •Sticky •Partial •Full
GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •sticky •partial •(full) Collector Type •mark sweep •concurrent mark sweep •mark compact •marksweep+ semispace •concurrent copying + mark sweep
GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •sticky •partial •(full) Collector Type •mark sweep •concurrent mark sweep •mark compact •marksweep+ semispace •concurrent copying + mark sweep
Food for Further Review
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects?
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects? •Explicit GC w/ System.gc()?
Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects? •Explicit GC w/ System.gc()? •JNI Code Incompatible with Compacting GC
Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation (Software) Engineering is all about
Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation (Software) Engineering is all about TRADE-OFF!!!
Q&A THANK YOU

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[1D6]RE-view of Android L developer PRE-view

  • 5. Material Design Goals -Create a visual language that synthesizes classic principles of good design with the innovation and possibility of technology and science. -Develop a single underlying system that allows for a unified experience across platforms and device sizes. Mobile precepts are fundamental, but touch, voice, mouse, and keyboard are all first-class input methods. Material is the metaphor Bold, graphic, intentional Motionprovides meaning Principles http://www.google.com/design/spec/material-design/introduction.html
  • 6. Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/
  • 7. Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
  • 8. Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
  • 9. Android Runtime https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98553/ https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/98374/ Dalvikis dead, long live Dalvik! DO NOT MERGE
  • 11. Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread
  • 12. Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation
  • 13. Key Architectural Changes in L ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
  • 14. Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
  • 15. Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces ① ① ②
  • 16. Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces ②
  • 17. Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces
  • 18. Render Thread in L http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TtVsy98ces One of the most exciting topics that was glossed over was the introduction of a dedicatedrender thread. The goal of the render threadis to take many of the atomic animationsintroduced with material designand perform them autonomously, so they don’t hold up the primary UI toolkit thread. Source: http://www.willowtreeapps.com/blog/google-io-from-the- trenches-android-l-and-material-design/
  • 19. UI (Main) Thread Activity ThreadHelloAndroid.apk Activity Looper Message Queue Service BroadcastReceiver ContentProvider H handleMessage() ViewRootImpl handleMessage() TLS Threaded Task Binder Object Storage (File,Prefs,DB,Network) Window Android Manifest.xml Resources Intent Views Views Views Application Instrumentation test.apk Test Case
  • 20. Looper, Message Queue, and Handler
  • 21. GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering
  • 22. GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition
  • 23. GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition
  • 24. GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering CPU Rasterization GPU Composition GPU RasterizationGPU Composition
  • 25. GPUI -UI on the GPU (Honeycomb~) GPUI Display List View Layers Display List Properties Increased Number of Pixels Source: Google I/O 2011 –Accelerated Android Rendering … CPU Rasterization GPU Composition GPU RasterizationGPU Composition
  • 26. Display List A display list records a series of graphics related operation and can replay them later. Display lists are usually built by recording operations on a android.graphics.Canvas. Replaying the operations from a display list avoids executing views drawing code on every frame, and is thus much more efficient. DisplayList::Op[Non-Drawing] <<enumeration>> +Sav e +Restore +RestoreToCount +Sav eLayer +Sav eLayerAlpha +Translate +Rotate +Scale +Skew +SetMatrix +ConcatMatrix +ClipRect DisplayList::Op[Drawing] <<enumeration>> +DrawDisplayList +DrawLayer +DrawBitmap +DrawBitmapMatrix +DrawBitmapRect +DrawBitmapData +DrawBitmapMesh +DrawPatch +DrawColor +DrawRect +DrawRoundRect +DrawCircle +DrawOv al +DrawArc +DrawPath +DrawLines +DrawPoints +DrawText +DrawTextOnPath +DrawPosText +ResetShader +SetupShader +ResetColorFilter +SetupColorFilter +ResetShadow +SetupShadow +ResetPaintFilter +SetupPaintFilter +DrawGLFunction OpenGLRenderer drawDisplayList(…) DisplayList replay(…) DisplayListRenderer draw*(…, SkPaint) void* buffer SkWriter32 write*(…) SkReader32 read*() GLES20RecordingCanvas draw*(…, Paint) android_view_ GLES20Canvas_draw*(…) GLES20Canvas drawDisplayList(…) draw*(…, SkPaint) GLES2/gl2.h glXXX(…) Source: 10th Kandroid Conference – Skia and FreeType: Android 2D Graphics Essentials
  • 27. Display List A display list records a series of graphics related operation and can replay them later. Display lists are usually built by recording operations on a android.graphics.Canvas. Replaying the operations from a display list avoids executing views drawing code on every frame, and is thus much more efficient. DisplayList::Op[Non-Drawing] <<enumeration>> +Sav e +Restore +RestoreToCount +Sav eLayer +Sav eLayerAlpha +Translate +Rotate +Scale +Skew +SetMatrix +ConcatMatrix +ClipRect DisplayList::Op[Drawing] <<enumeration>> +DrawDisplayList +DrawLayer +DrawBitmap +DrawBitmapMatrix +DrawBitmapRect +DrawBitmapData +DrawBitmapMesh +DrawPatch +DrawColor +DrawRect +DrawRoundRect +DrawCircle +DrawOv al +DrawArc +DrawPath +DrawLines +DrawPoints +DrawText +DrawTextOnPath +DrawPosText +ResetShader +SetupShader +ResetColorFilter +SetupColorFilter +ResetShadow +SetupShadow +ResetPaintFilter +SetupPaintFilter +DrawGLFunction OpenGLRenderer drawDisplayList(…) DisplayList replay(…) DisplayListRenderer draw*(…, SkPaint) void* buffer SkWriter32 write*(…) SkReader32 read*() GLES20RecordingCanvas draw*(…, Paint) android_view_ GLES20Canvas_draw*(…) GLES20Canvas drawDisplayList(…) draw*(…, SkPaint) GLES2/gl2.h glXXX(…) Source: 10th Kandroid Conference – Skia and FreeType: Android 2D Graphics Essentials
  • 28. Display List: An Example DrawDisplayList DrawPatch Save Translate ConcatMatrix DrawBitmap RestoreToCount $ adbshell dumpsysgfxinfo[pid|pname] JB (API Level 18) Source: 12thKandroid Conference –Terminology and History of Android Performance Features
  • 29. Android Animation DrawableAnimation Frame(-by-Frame) Animation View Animation Tween(ed)Animation Property Animation What Showing a sequence of images in order Performing a series of transformations on a single image Modifying an object's property values over a set period of time Added/ Updated 1 1, 4 11, 16,18, 19 APIs android.graphics.drawable. AnimationDrawable android.view.animation.* android.animation.* (2011/02) Animation in Honeycombhttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/02/animation-in-honeycomb.html (2011/05) Introducing ViewPropertyAnimatorhttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/05/introducing-viewpropertyanimator.html (2011/11) Android 4.0 Graphics and Animationshttp://android-developers.blogspot.kr/2011/11/android-40-graphics-and-animations.html Source: 13thKandroid MinMax–Silky Rendering Choreographer and Animation
  • 30. Property Animation (Pre-Jellybean) Source: 13thKandroid MinMax–Silky Rendering Choreographer and Animation ValueAnimator doAnimationFrame() TimeInterpolatorgetInterpolation() Elapsed Fraction TypeEvaluator evaluate() Interpolated Fraction Current Value Frame Time ( Frame Time –Start Time ) / Duration Math.pow( Elapsed Fraction, 2 Factor ) e.g., AccelerateInterpolator AnimatorUpdateListener onAimationUpdate() Start Value+ ( End Value–Start Value )  Interpolated Fraction Thread Local Storage sendEmptyMessageDelayed() w/ ANIMATION_FRAME handleMessage() sendEmptyMessage() w/ ANIMATION_START AnimationHandler start() 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
  • 31. Drawing w/ Single UI Thread Activity SurfaceFlinger Event Set Property Value Invalidate Measure & Layout Prepare Draw Update DisplayList Draw DisplayList Swap Buffers Display List Dequeue Buffer Composite Windows Post Buffer Enqueue Buffer Something Happens Draw Display
  • 32. Drawing w/ UI & Render Threads Activity SurfaceFlinger Event Set Property Value Invalidate Measure & Layout Prepare Draw Update DisplayList Draw DisplayList Swap Buffers Display List Dequeue Buffer Composite Windows Post Buffer Enqueue Buffer Something Happens Draw Display Render Thread
  • 33. Threads in Action Threads in KitKat
  • 34. Threads in Action Threads in KitKat
  • 35. Threads in Action Threads in KitKat Threads in L
  • 36. Threads in Action Threads in KitKat Threads in L
  • 38. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
  • 39. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx
  • 40. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/
  • 41. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/ Implications to Application Developers
  • 42. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Windows Phone: UI & Compositor Thread, Storyboard-based vs. Timer-based Animationshttp://blogs.telerik.com/windowsphoneteam/posts/10-12-13/ui-vs-compositor-demystifying-the- main-windows-phone-7-os-threads.aspx •Web Animations: Javascript-based vs. CSS-basedhttp://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/speed/high-performance-animations/ Implications to Application Developers •Property Animation vs. Atomic Animation?
  • 43. Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
  • 45. “Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
  • 46. “Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
  • 47. “Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
  • 48. “Can u guys add some performance boosting thing on the next version” Performance Boosting Thing
  • 49. PBT == ART Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 50. PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 51. PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Garbage Collection Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 52. PBT == ART Ahead-Of-Time (AOT) Garbage Collection 64-bit Support Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 53. DalvikVM: Register-based ※Stack, Accumulator, Register machine Stackmachine : 0-operand instruction set Accumulatormachine : 1-operand … Registermachine : 2 or 3-operand … 000b: iload05 000d: iload04 000f: if_icmpge0024 0012: aload_3 0013: iload05 0015: iaload 0016: istore06 0018: lload_1 0019: iload06 001b: i2l 001c: ladd 001d: lstore_1 001e: iinc05, #+01 0021: goto000b 0007: if-gev0, v2, 0010 0009: aget v1, v8, v0 000b: int-to-long v5, v1 000c: add-long/2addr v3, v5 000d: add-int/lit8 v0, v0, #int 1 000f: goto0007 Java VM(JVM) bytecode Dalvik VM(DVM) bytecode Items JVM DVM bytes 25 18 dispatches 14 6 reads 45 19 writes 16 6 public static long sumArray(int[] arr) { long sum = 0; For (inti: arr) { sum += i; } return sum; }
  • 54. Just-In-Time Compiler (Froyo~) Source: Google I/O 2010 –A JIT Compiler for Android's DalvikVM
  • 55. Just-In-Time Compiler (Froyo~) Source: Google I/O 2010 –A JIT Compiler for Android's DalvikVM When to Compile? What to Compile?
  • 56. AOT Compiler (L~) Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 57. AOT Compiler (L~) When to Compile? What to Compile? Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 58. .art / .oat / .odex Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART Runtime
  • 59. AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
  • 60. AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
  • 61. AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
  • 62. AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
  • 63. AOT in Action ~ ~ ~
  • 64. JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표)
  • 65. JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Speed/Space
  • 66. JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Optimization Window Speed/Space
  • 67. JIT vs. AOT AOT Jazelle® •Ahead of Time Compilation •WIPI의COD (Compile-on- demand) 방식 •Java bytecode를CPU가바로실행함. (arm/thumb/java mode) JIT •Just-in-Time Compilation소프트웨어가속하드웨어가속 •10x ~ 15x •6x ~ 10x •6x ~ 10x •어플리케이션크기가커짐. •프로파일링및컴파일시간이있어실행초기느려질수있음. ►모바일단말에서는JIT와Jazelle® 사용이일반화되어있음. ►어플리케이션크기가커지는것을제외하면, AOT 방식이최대성능을보일수있음. Source: 1stkandroidSeminar–DalvikVM vs. Java VM (류혁곤님발표) Optimization Window Memory Sharing Speed/Space
  • 69. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
  • 70. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/
  • 71. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator
  • 72. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers
  • 73. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field?
  • 74. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field? •Small vs. Large Method?
  • 75. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: JIT and (Full) AOThttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/aot/ •.NET: NGenhttp://blogs.msdn.com/b/clrcodegeneration/archive/2010/04/27/ngen-walk-through-series.aspxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Image_Generator Implications to Application Developers •Getter/Setter vs. Direct Access to Field? •Small vs. Large Method? •Java-only vs. JNI w/ C/C++?
  • 76. Agenda ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
  • 78. Changes in GC: WHY? 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1
  • 79. Changes in GC: WHY? 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1
  • 80. Changes in GC: WHY? 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
  • 81. Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
  • 82. Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps Longer GC Pauses 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
  • 83. Changes in GC: WHY? Bigger Heaps Longer GC Pauses Poor UI Responsiveness 1GBRAM 1280X800 2011 Motorola Xoom 192MBRAM320X480 2008HTC G1 2GB/3GBRAM 2560X1440 2014LG G3
  • 84. Changes in GC: WHAT?
  • 85. Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps
  • 86. Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps Serial vs. Parallel Concurrent vs. Stop-The-World Compacting vs. Non-compacting vs. Copying
  • 87. Changes in GC: WHAT? Pre-Gingerbread •Stop-the-world •Full heap collection •Pause time often > 100ms Gingerbread to Kitkat •Concurrent Mark and Sweep (CMS) •Partial collections •Pause time usually < 5ms Source: Google I/O 2011 –Memory management for Android Apps Serial vs. Parallel Concurrent vs. Stop-The-World Compacting vs. Non-compacting vs. Copying Source: http://www.somanyword.com/2014/01/how- memory-management-garbage-collector-works-in-java- and-difference-types-of-garbage-collectors-in-java/ http://www.slideshare.net/dougqh/understanding- garbage-collection Understanding Garbage Collection
  • 88. Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html)
  • 89. Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics 인간공학(人間工學, ergonomics)이란인간과그들이사용하는물건과의상호작용을다루는학문이다. 인간공학은인간의기계화가아닌인간을위한공학(design for human)을말한다. 즉, 인간의행동, 능력, 한계, 특성등에관한정보를발견하고, 이를도구, 기계, 시스템, 과업, 직무, 환경을설계하는데응용함으로써인간이생산적이고안전하며쾌적한환경에서작업을하고물건을효과적으로이용할수있도록하는것이다. [네이버지식백과] 인간공학[Ergonomics] (학문명백과: 공학, 형설출판사)
  • 90. Changes in GC: WHAT? L and Beyond •One GC pauseinstead of two •Parallelized processing during the remaining GC pause •Background stickyconcurrent mark sweep GC: Collector with lower pause time for the special case of cleaning up recently-allocated, short-livedobjects •Improved garbage collection ergonomics, making concurrent garbage collections more timely, which makes GC_FOR_ALLOC events extremely rare in typical use cases Source: Introducing ART (https://source.android.com/devices/tech/dalvik/art.html) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_factors_and_ergonomics 인간공학(人間工學, ergonomics)이란인간과그들이사용하는물건과의상호작용을다루는학문이다. 인간공학은인간의기계화가아닌인간을위한공학(design for human)을말한다. 즉, 인간의행동, 능력, 한계, 특성등에관한정보를발견하고, 이를도구, 기계, 시스템, 과업, 직무, 환경을설계하는데응용함으로써인간이생산적이고안전하며쾌적한환경에서작업을하고물건을효과적으로이용할수있도록하는것이다. [네이버지식백과] 인간공학[Ergonomics] (학문명백과: 공학, 형설출판사) Tuning Garbage Collection with the 5.0 Java[tm] Virtual Machine http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/ gc-tuning-5-138395.html Garbage Collector Ergonomicshttp://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/ guides/vm/gc-ergonomics.html
  • 91. Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 92. Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 93. Two Pauses One Pause Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 94. Long Pause for GC_FOR_ALLOC Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 95. Long Pause for GC_FOR_ALLOC Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 96. Reducing Heap Fragmentation Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 97. Reducing Heap Fragmentation Source: Google I/O 2014 –The ART runtime
  • 98. GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2
  • 99. GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim
  • 100. GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •Sticky •Partial •Full
  • 101. GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •sticky •partial •(full) Collector Type •mark sweep •concurrent mark sweep •mark compact •marksweep+ semispace •concurrent copying + mark sweep
  • 102. GC Logs GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP freed 47K, 50% free 2730K/5379K, external 8825K/9762K, paused 2262ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 39K, 49% free 3434K/6727K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 61ms GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC freed 113K, 48% free 2849K/5447K, external 2069K/2137K, paused 29ms GC_FOR_MALLOC freed 672K, 46% free 4505K/8263K, external 1625K/2137K, paused 36ms GC_EXPLICIT freed 298K,5% free 9395K/9820K, paused 5ms+4ms, total 46ms GC_FOR_ALLOC freed 62K, 4% free 9981K/10356K, paused 14ms, total 14ms GC_CONCURRENT freed 452K, 5% free 11442K/11924K, paused 2ms+3ms, total 32ms GC_BEFORE_OOM freed <1K, 25% free 48653K/64327K, paused 20ms Gingerbread L Preview Explicitconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 65595(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 9(4MB) LOS objects, 810% free, 38MB/58MB, paused 1.195mstotal 87.219ms Backgroundpartialconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 74626(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 39(4MB) LOS objects, 1496% free, 25MB/32MB, paused 4.422mstotal 1.371747s Backgroundstickyconcurrent mark sweepGC freed 70319(3MB) AllocSpaceobjects, 59(5MB) LOS objects, 825% free, 49MB/56MB, paused 6.139mstotal 52.868ms Source : http://www.anandtech.com/show/8231/a-closer-look-at-android-runtime-art-in-android-l/2 GC Cause •Alloc •Background •Explicit •NativeAlloc •CollectorTransition •DisableMovingGc •HomogeneousSpaceCompact •HeapTrim GC Type •sticky •partial •(full) Collector Type •mark sweep •concurrent mark sweep •mark compact •marksweep+ semispace •concurrent copying + mark sweep
  • 103. Food for Further Review
  • 104. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms
  • 105. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/
  • 106. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll
  • 107. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc
  • 108. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers
  • 109. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects?
  • 110. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects? •Explicit GC w/ System.gc()?
  • 111. Food for Further Review Comparison w/ Other Technology/Platforms •Mono: SGen Garbage Collectorhttp://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/garbage-collector/sgen/ •V8: Stop-the-world, Generational, Accurate Garbage Collectorhttps://developers.google.com/v8/design#garb_coll •Blink: Garbage Collection for Blink C++ objects (a.k.a. Oilpan) http://www.chromium.org/blink/blink-gc Implications to Application Developers •Primitive Values vs. Tiny/Short-lived Objects? •Explicit GC w/ System.gc()? •JNI Code Incompatible with Compacting GC
  • 112. Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation
  • 113. Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation (Software) Engineering is all about
  • 114. Summary ①UI Threading Model Single UI (Main) Thread UI & Render Thread ②VM Execution Model Just-In-Time Compilation Ahead-Of-Time Compilation ③Garbage Collection Model Less and shorter pauses and less fragmentation (Software) Engineering is all about TRADE-OFF!!!