2. introduction to automobile & body engineering.
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The document provides an overview of automobile and body engineering, covering essential components such as the engine, transmission, control systems, and body structure. It discusses various chassis types, body styles, material usage, and factors influencing aerodynamics and comfort in vehicle design. Additionally, it includes technical details on frame construction and drag reduction methods to enhance performance.
![Material for Automobile Body
• Wood Components joined with Steel Brackets
• Steels
• High Strength Steel [HSS]
• High Strength Low Alloy Steel [HSLA]
• Ultra Light Steel Auto Body [ULSAB]
• Aluminum And its Alloys
18Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/2-190122072050/85/2-introduction-to-automobile-body-engineering-18-320.jpg)
2. introduction to automobile & body engineering.
- 1. An Introduction to Automobile & Body Engineering by *Prof. Sumit S Dharmarao
- 2. Components of Automobile Essential units Basic Structure/ Running Gear Power Plant /Engine Transmission /Driving System Auxiliaries Controls Superstructur e 2Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 3. 1.Basic Structure / Running Gear: contd Basic Structure Frame Suspension System Axle Wheels & tyre 3Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 4. 2.Engine/ Power Plant: Power required to move vehicle P= m g µ V Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) may be of SI or CI type • Turbine Engines • Electrical Vehicles • Hybrid Vehicles • Solar Vehicles contd 4Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 5. 3.Transmission / Driving System: • Functions: 1. connect and disconnect without shock 2. vary leverage between engine & drive line 3. reduce engine speed permanently as required 4. turn drive in 90 degrees 5. allow relative motion between engine and driving wheel • Clutch/Torque Converter GB Prop. Shaft Uni. Jt. Diff. GB contd 5Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 6. 4.Control System: 1. Steering System 2. Braking System 5.Auxiliary / Electrical System: 1. Supply System 2. Starter 3. Ignition System 4. Auxiliary Devices 6.Super Structure contd 6Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 7. General Layout of Automobile Frame, Engine , Clutch, GB, Propeller Shaft, Diff. GB, Rear Axle, Front Axle, Wheels 7Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 8. Types of Layout of Automobiles 1. Front Engine Rear Wheel Drive: (FERWD) 8Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 9. 2. Rear Engine Rear Wheel Drive: (RERWD) contd 9Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 10. 3. Front Engine Front Wheel Drive: (FEFWD) contd 10Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 11. 4. Four / All Wheel Drive: (4WD) contd 11Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 12. 5. Articulated Vehicle Layout: (AVL) contd 12Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 13. Body / Superstructure • Requirements of Automobile Body: 1. Strength 2. Stiffness 3. Torsional Stiffness 4. Space 5. Air Drag 6. Weather Protection 7. Light Weight 8. Corrosion Resistance 9. Safety 13Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 14. Types of Bodies of Automobiles • Classification of Automobile: • Classification of Vehicles in India: 1. Use 2. Capacity 3. Make & Model 4. Fuel Used 5. Body Style 6. Wheel 7.Drive 8.Transmission 1. HCV- 7.5 to 16.2 Tons 2. MCV- up to 7.5 Tons 3. Passenger cars- seating capacity up to 6 persons Passenger Cars UV, MUV,SUV 14Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 15. • Other Body Styles: 1.Saloon/Sedan 2.Hatchback 3.Coupe 4.Limousine 5.Fastback 6.Sports 7.Convertible 8.Cabrio/Semi Convertible 9.Coupe Convertible 10.Eastate/Station Wagon 11.SUV 12.Van 13.Truck 14.Articulaed Vehicle 15.Buses and Coach contd 2W: Standard/Street Cruiser Sport Tourer Scooters Mopeds 15Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
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- 17. 17Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 18. Material for Automobile Body • Wood Components joined with Steel Brackets • Steels • High Strength Steel [HSS] • High Strength Low Alloy Steel [HSLA] • Ultra Light Steel Auto Body [ULSAB] • Aluminum And its Alloys 18Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 19. Chassis • Chassis Consists of Chassis Engine Radiator Transmissio n System Suspension System Wheels & Tyres Steering System Brakes Fuels controls Auxiliary 19Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 20. • Framed & Frameless: • Functions: 1. Support Component & Body 2. Withstand Static & Dynamic loads • Loads on Frame: contd Chassis Types Conventional control Semi Fwd Control Full Fwd Control 1.Weight of vehicle and passengers vertical bending of side members 2.due to road irregularity (bump) longitudinal torsion of lifted wheel 3.due to road camber, side wind, cornering force causes lateral bending of Side member 4.due to impact of road causes distortion of frame into parallelogram 5.Engine and Braking torque causes vertical bending of side members 6.Sudden impact loads during results in general collapse 20Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 21. • Frame construction:- Wheelbase, Overhang, hole (bearings for axle), side bar, cross bar, body support, bracket for mounting spring, X member to resist twisting contd 21Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 22. Types of frames 1. Ladder Frame: Simplest, Oldest 2 symmetrical rails Good flexing strength Poor Torsional resistance 22Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 23. 2. Tabular / Space frame: 3D design, good strength against forces coming from all directions, tubes welded & forms complex structure, for sport car where strong structure required contd 23Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 24. 3. Monocoque Chassis : 3D design, good strength against forces coming from all directions, tubes welded & forms complex structure, for sport car where strong structure required contd 24Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 25. 4. Backbone Chassis : For lighter vehicle, strength against bending due to driving torque contd 25Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 26. 5. ULSAB Chassis: Ultralight Steel Auto Body (ULSAB) contd 26Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao ULSAB AVC , targets using steel, high strength, hydroforming
- 27. 6. ASF Chassis : For lighter vehicle, expensive contd 27Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao Aluminum Space Frame (ASF)
- 28. 7. CF Chassis : Extreme stiff light weight, most expensive contd 28Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 29. • Defects in frame: Alignment Fault due to accident • Stainless Steel & aluminum 29Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao Frameless or Unitary Type
- 30. Aerodynamics • Complex due to air flow, ground, geometrical shapes involved. Affects both stability and fuel consumption • Drag Force (Fd) 30Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 31. Types of Drag Forces on Body 1. Form or Pressure Drag 2. Skin or Viscous or Friction Drag 3. Induced Drag 4. Excrescence Drag 5. Interference Drag 31Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 32. Drag Reduction Methods • Streamlining automobile body • Large eddy breakup devices • Study of drag flow in airflow and water flow • Automobile spoiler installed at rear & trail end 32Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 33. Different Forces and Moments • Cross wind forces • Pitching Moment • Rolling Moment • Yawing Moment 33Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 34. Ergonomics for driver & Passenger Seat • Correct driving position (W r t o steering wheel, foot control other controls) • Driver’s comfort & road safety • Seat – adjustable seat • Inclination of steering column • Distance between seating position & floor of vehicle 34Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao
- 35. Prof. Sumit S. Dharmarao 35 Thank You Sumit S Dharmarao sumitdharmarao@gmail.com