Maintaining the Computer
- 1. Maintaining the… Computer? PLAYING WITH FIRE Maintaining the… Computer? by Jon Rodriguez W elcome to a new era of vehi- cle maintenance. Computer flashing can not only help and sometimes cure driveability issues; it can also prevent future problems from occurring. Routine checks for the latest computer calibrations can bring in extra income and show your customers that your shop is up to date. Now is your chance to get involved with computer programming. This can not only provide an extra service to your shop but also give you an edge against the competition. The added value of offering a reflash with every rebuild is something that will separate your business from the rest. Just because you don’t have the equipment to perform flashes doesn’t Figure 1 mean that you can’t sell them as a ser- vice. Many general automotive shops are equipped with flashing technol- ogy, because most updates have to do with emissions and engine driveability issues. There may even be a mobile “flasher” in your area who’ll come to you and perform the update right in your shop. If those options aren’t available, check with your local dealer; they’ll probably do it for you at a wholesale price. “My car runs fine! Why do I need to have the computer reprogrammed?” That’s a common question you might get from a customer when trying to sell a flash. The easiest way to sell this type of service is to relate it to the Windows computer operating system. Most peo- Figure 2 ple today are familiar with computers and the constant need to keep the latest mance, the computer’s software cali- formed?” No. What we’re going to talk software updates current for optimum brations must be kept up to date. about is how to look for a calibration performance. The same goes for your “Is there a maintenance timeline using the free access web sites that just car: To keep your car in tiptop perfor- for when the flash should be per- about every manufacturer has available. 20 GEARS August 2008
- 3. Maintaining the… Computer? With some basic information from the vehicle, and basic internet access, you can see in a matter of minutes whether there’s an update available. For the sake of not taking up the whole maga- zine with step-by-step instructions for every manufacturer, we’re going to focus on the Big Three. Chrysler Access the Vehicle ID information using your scan tool’s global OBD-II feature (figure 1). This allows you to make sure you have the right com- puter in the vehicle, and it hasn’t been swapped with a different vehicle’s computer. This is a valuable tool when diag- Figure 3 nosing a problem that may be caused by a mismatched computer. An exam- ple would be a P0730 in 4T60E and 4T65E transaxles. If the PCM was swapped with a vehicle that was cali- brated for a different final drive ratio, the code would set just like if you were to install a wrong ratio differential in the transaxle. Using this feature of your scan tool is the only way to accurately diagnose this situation. After you’ve established commu- nication with the computer, choose the Read Vehicle Identification option. Standard OBD-II documentation calls this function “Mode $09”, but most scan tools don’t use this term. You’ll see three options: 1. Vehicle Identification Number Figure 4 (VIN) 2. Calibration Identification 3. Calibration Verification Number First check the vehicle’s VIN. Make sure the vehicle’s VIN matches the one provided by your scan tool. If not, the computer’s been replaced with another unit (most likely from a junk- yard), and will need to be replaced with the correct computer. This information is available on 99% of the OBD-II vehicles and is very useful for deter- mining whether the correct computer is in the vehicle. If the VINs match, the next step is to access the ten-digit part num- ber from the Calibration Identification option. This Cal ID will have eight numbers followed by two letters. Write Figure 5 it down and log onto the internet. After flashing the computer, the 22 GEARS August 2008
- 5. Maintaining the… Computer? technician should’ve marked the latest Cal ID number on a sticker somewhere in the engine compartment. On this vehicle it was located on the hood (figure 2). Go to http://techauthority. gltghosting.com. Notice there’s no www before the address. At the left of the screen you’ll see J2534 Flash Availability (figure 3). Clicking that link will load a 337-page file full of vehicle applications, part numbers, Technical Service Bulletins (TSB), and recalls. Type your part number in the find box at the top of the PDF file page, click on the scroll arrow next to the box, and click on Find Next in Current PDF (figure 4). Your part number will Figure 6 show up in one of two areas. If you find it in the Old Part Numbers section, the computer needs an update. If the part number shows up in the New Part Numbers section, no flash is needed. No matter what section it shows up in, there will be a list of TSBs that apply to that vehicle and maybe even some recalls. All of this should have taken you less than 15 minutes, and it provides you with a printed copy listing infor- mation about the vehicle that you can’t get anywhere else. Ford Access the Vehicle ID using the global OBD-II function with your scan Figure 7 tool, to make sure the computer is correct for the vehicle. After you’ve matched the vehicle’s VIN, access the computer and record the seven-digit part number from the computer. The part number will be an alphanumeric code with four digits, a dash, and then three more digits (figure 5). Take this information, along with the year and engine size, and log onto the internet. Go to http://www.motorcraft service.com. At the left of the screen, look for Quick Guides (figure 6). Clicking on the Quick Guides link will take you to a screen with 13 different options (figure 7). The sev- enth option will be Latest Calibration Information. Clicking on Latest Calibration Information will take you to a screen Figure 8 with some basic instructions. Go to the bottom of that page and click on Search 24 GEARS August 2008
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- 7. Maintaining the… Computer? The advantage of General Motors’ and Chrysler’s system is the new calibration shows up on your scan tool in Mode $09. Calibration by Vehicle, Model Year and Engine (figure 8). That will take you to a screen asking for the vehicle, model year, and engine size. After fill- ing in the necessary info, click Submit (figure 9). If you entered all the vehicle information properly, you’ll see a list containing part numbers, module IDs, catchwords, and hardware types. If Figure 9 your vehicle’s computer part number isn’t on the list, there’s an update avail- able (figure 10). General Motors Use the Calibration Identification and Calibration Verification numbers located in the global OBD-II (Mode $09) area of the scan tool. Access the screen that shows the VIN, match the VIN to the vehicle, and record the Calibration ID and Calibration Verification numbers. Then access the computer and record the eight digit part number. Take this information and log onto the internet. Go to http://tis2web.service. gm.com. Notice there’s no www before the address. This will take you to the Figure 10 home page where you will see two options: Enter a VIN and Get CAL ID, or enter a part number and Get CVN (figure 11). We’re concerned with the CAL ID, so enter the VIN and click on Get CAL ID. If you entered the VIN correctly, you’ll be taken to a page with five different options. Choose PCM/VCM Powertrain/Vehicle Control Module and click Next at the lower right of the page (figure 12). You’ll now be at a page with several different computer part num- bers. Click on the Complete History button at the lower left of the page (figure 13). This will provide all the calibration information available for the vehicle, including the description of the faults that the software update Figure 11 will address. Use the PCM part num- ber, Calibration ID, and Calibration 26 GEARS August 2008
- 8. Verification Number (CVN) to find the update pertaining to your vehicle (figure 14). If you can’t find the Calibration ID and CVN for the vehicle’s computer, it doesn’t need a software update. If the Calibration ID and the CVN are listed, a description of the updates will be next to the numbers. The advantage of General Motors’ and Chrysler’s system is the new cali- bration shows up on your scan tool in Mode $09. In Ford, if a technician didn’t install the updated information on the PCM or radiator support, the updates may have already been per- formed, even though they don’t appear on your scan tool. Figure 12 Remember, you can’t flash the computer if there are any codes in memory. If you come across a hard code that you’ve diagnosed as a com- puter problem, a flash won’t fix it. Hard faults in the computer are hard- ware-related; you’ll need to replace the computer. Sometimes a flash will address an intermittent code by widening the parameters that the computer uses to flag a code. In that case, you’ll need to clear the code, and then perform the update. For those situations there’ll usually be a TSB detailing the code flash part number. Keep in mind that the web sites are always changing their formats, so the steps we covered here could change, but the information will always be avail- Figure 13 able to you. If your shop isn’t repro- gramming, I hope this article will take you a step closer to implementing this very useful and profitable program… one that will someday be as common as a scan tool is to shops today. And you can still use this information even if you don’t have the flashing equipment, to determine whether a flash will be useful to the customer. For more information on repro- gramming, be sure to attend Bill Brayton’s seminar titled, “Computer Reprogramming: Earning Good Money without Getting Your Hands Dirty” at this year’s EXPO in Las Vegas. Figure 14 GEARS August 2008 27