2012 GCSE Core Unit 1 Higher Paper
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The document provides instructions for candidates taking a geography exam. It instructs candidates to write their identifying information in the spaces provided, answer all questions, and write answers in the spaces in the booklet or continue at the back if needed. It also notes that examiners will assess the quality of extended written answers. The document contains a practice exam with six themes and multiple questions to answer under each theme about topics in geography.
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Answer all questions.
Theme 1 – Water
1. (a) Study the photograph (below) and diagram opposite.
A
B
C
(i) In the box provided label landform A identified in the photograph. [1]
(ii) Explain how the river has created feature B. [2]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-2-320.jpg)
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(iii) The diagram shows a cross-section from B to C in the photograph. Annotate this
diagram to explain how one river process is causing the outward migration of the
meander bend. [4]
Turn over.
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B C
Use evidence from the diagram to explain how people affect the flow of water in a
drainage basin. [2]
Key
Overland flow
Infiltration
Throughflow
Groundwater flow
(b) Study the diagram below.
Flow of water in a drainage basin
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-3-320.jpg)
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(c) Explain how a river landform(s) affects the lives of people who live along rivers.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-4-320.jpg)
![Turn over.
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Theme 2 – Climate Change
2. (a) Study the graph below.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the Atmosphere
1960
310.0
320.0
330.0
340.0
350.0
360.0
370.0
380.0
1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
CarbonDioxide
partspermillion(ppm)
(i) Describe the change in CO2 in the atmosphere between 1960 and 2010. [2]
(ii) Suggest reasons to explain why the total amount of CO2 has changed over time.
[3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-5-320.jpg)
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(b) Outline the likely positive and negative effects of climate change on the lives of people
who live in MEDCs such as the UK. [4]
Positive effects
Negative effects
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© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-6-320.jpg)
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(c) Read the following newspaper article about Bangladesh, which is an LEDC.
Turn over.
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Explain why climate change is likely to have a greater impact on the lives of people who
live in LEDCs, rather than people who live in MEDCs.
Use information from this article and your own knowledge to illustrate your answer.
[6]
Climate change and Bangladesh
Adapted from Md Saidur Rahman 2007
Rising sea levels is one of the most important issues humans will have to
grapple with in this century. The people who will be affected first live in places
with low-lying deltas like Bangladesh.
The increasing intensity of tropical storms and rising sea level are making it
impossible for people to live in some parts of the country. Millions of people
face the possibility of being among the first climate refugees. A one metre sea
level rise would flood more than 15 per cent of Bangladesh, forcing 13 million
people to leave their homes.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-7-320.jpg)
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Theme 3 – Living in an Active Zone
3. (a) Study the photograph and map below.
(i) Describe the location of Skjaldbreidur. [2]
(ii) Use the map and photograph to identify two pieces of evidence to suggest that the
photograph was taken at a constructive plate margin. [2]
1. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
2. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................
Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
Mid-Atlantic
Ridge
EURASIAN
PLATE
NORTH AMERICAN
PLATE
ICELAND
0 50
Reykjavik
100km
Eyjafjallajokull
Volcano
Skjaldbreidur
Skjaldbreidur
Key: = Volcano
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-8-320.jpg)
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(iii) Explain the formation of any one landform found at constructive plate margins.
You must use a diagram to help your answer. [5]
Landform .......................................................................................................................................................................
Turn over.
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Explanation ..................................................................................................................................................................
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-9-320.jpg)
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(b) Explain how the impact of earthquakes on people’s lives may be reduced. [6]
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-10-320.jpg)
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Theme 4 – Changing Populations
4. (a) Study the bar chart below.
Change in World population by region 2005-2050
Least Developed
Countries
0 50–50
% Growth
100 150
USA
India
China
Europe
(i) The population of Least Developed Countries will grow 125% by 2050.
Add a bar to the graph to show this. [1]
(ii) By how much is India’s population predicted to grow between 2005 and 2050? [1]
.......................................................... %
(iii) Suggest reasons to explain the predicted population change in one other region
identified in the graph. [3]
Region .........................................................................................
Explanation
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-12-320.jpg)
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(b) Study the photograph below.
Hambleden - Buckinghamshire
Turn over.
13 Examiner
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The picturesque village of Hambleden was bought in 2007 by new land owner
Mr Scharzenbach for £38m.
Using evidence in the photograph only, describe the attractions of living in rural areas
in MEDCs such as the UK. [4]
Reproduced from http://sobreinglaterra.com
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-13-320.jpg)
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(c) Explain why many Western European countries face an increasingly ageing population.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-14-320.jpg)
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Theme 5 – Globalisation
5. (a) Study the textbox and map below.
Turn over.
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Equator
Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
myspace orkut
Africa
Europe
Asia
Australasia
South
America
North
America
(i) Compare the distribution of countries in which myspace and orkut are the most
popular social networking website. [3]
Globalisation is when human activities increasingly take place on a worldwide scale
Countries in which the social networking sites myspace and orkut are the most popular.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-15-320.jpg)
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(ii) Explain how changes in technology have allowed increased globalisation of human
activities. [3]
(b) Study the graph below.
Indian Trans-National Company (TNC) Investments Abroad (1996-2005)
1996
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Millionsofdollars
Describe Indian TNC investments abroad between 1996 and 2005. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-16-320.jpg)
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(c) Explain why some people who live in newly industrialised countries such as India or
China see globalisation as a threat.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
Turn over.© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-17-320.jpg)
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Theme 6 – Development
6. (a) Study the textbox and scattergraph below.
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Mali
Chad Ivory Coast
Pakistan
India
Vietnam
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Bangladesh
Ghana
Kenya
Cambodia
Malawi
200
Countries in
Sub-Saharan Africa
500 1000 1500 2000
Countries in
South Asia
(i) Describe the relationship between GNI and under 5 mortality. [2]
(ii) Use the graph to describe the differences in under 5 mortality between countries
in Sub-Saharan Africa and countries in South Asia. [2]
under 5
mortality
GNI (US$)
GNI is a measure of the wealth of a country. It is usually measured in US Dollars (US$).
Under 5 mortality is the number of children who die before the age of 5 for every 1000 births.
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-18-320.jpg)
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(b) Study the map below.
Percentage of Children Completing Primary Education in sub-Saharan Africa
Turn over.
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Primary Education
Percentage of children
completing primary
education
less than 50%
50-69%
70-84%
85-94%
95% or more
no data
Tropic of Capricorn
Equator
N
(i) Describe the distribution of countries where less than 50% of children complete
primary education. [2]
(ii) Suggest why it is important that countries in sub-Saharan Africa improve the
education of girls in particular. [3]
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-19-320.jpg)
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(c)
ExplainhowNGOscanhelpLEDCsachieveoneormoreoftheMillenniumDevelopment
Goals.
Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6]
Oxfam is an example of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) which
provides aid to countries in need of help.
End of Question 6
© WJEC CBAC Ltd.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/june2012unit1higherpaper-130522144659-phpapp02/85/2012-GCSE-Core-Unit-1-Higher-Paper-20-320.jpg)
2012 GCSE Core Unit 1 Higher Paper
- 1. 4231 020001 INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Answer all the questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet. Where the space is not sufficient for your answer, continue the answer at the back of the book, taking care to number the continuation correctly. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question. You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication used in your answers that involve extended writing. SJJ*(S12-4231-02) Surname Other Names Candidate Number 0 Centre Number GCSE 4231/02 GEOGRAPHY (Specification A) HIGHER TIER UNIT 1 Core Geography A.M. THURSDAY, 14 June 2012 13 ⁄4 hours For Examiner’s use only Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 TOTAL MARKS © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 2. 2 (4231-02) Examiner only Answer all questions. Theme 1 – Water 1. (a) Study the photograph (below) and diagram opposite. A B C (i) In the box provided label landform A identified in the photograph. [1] (ii) Explain how the river has created feature B. [2] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 3. (4231-02) (iii) The diagram shows a cross-section from B to C in the photograph. Annotate this diagram to explain how one river process is causing the outward migration of the meander bend. [4] Turn over. 4231 020003 3 Examiner only B C Use evidence from the diagram to explain how people affect the flow of water in a drainage basin. [2] Key Overland flow Infiltration Throughflow Groundwater flow (b) Study the diagram below. Flow of water in a drainage basin © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 4. (4231-02) 4 Examiner only (c) Explain how a river landform(s) affects the lives of people who live along rivers. Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 5. Turn over. 4231 020005 5 (4231-02) Examiner only Theme 2 – Climate Change 2. (a) Study the graph below. Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in the Atmosphere 1960 310.0 320.0 330.0 340.0 350.0 360.0 370.0 380.0 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 CarbonDioxide partspermillion(ppm) (i) Describe the change in CO2 in the atmosphere between 1960 and 2010. [2] (ii) Suggest reasons to explain why the total amount of CO2 has changed over time. [3] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 6. (4231-02) (b) Outline the likely positive and negative effects of climate change on the lives of people who live in MEDCs such as the UK. [4] Positive effects Negative effects 6 Examiner only © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 7. 4231 020007 (4231-02) (c) Read the following newspaper article about Bangladesh, which is an LEDC. Turn over. 7 Examiner only Explain why climate change is likely to have a greater impact on the lives of people who live in LEDCs, rather than people who live in MEDCs. Use information from this article and your own knowledge to illustrate your answer. [6] Climate change and Bangladesh Adapted from Md Saidur Rahman 2007 Rising sea levels is one of the most important issues humans will have to grapple with in this century. The people who will be affected first live in places with low-lying deltas like Bangladesh. The increasing intensity of tropical storms and rising sea level are making it impossible for people to live in some parts of the country. Millions of people face the possibility of being among the first climate refugees. A one metre sea level rise would flood more than 15 per cent of Bangladesh, forcing 13 million people to leave their homes. © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 8. 8 (4231-02) Examiner only Theme 3 – Living in an Active Zone 3. (a) Study the photograph and map below. (i) Describe the location of Skjaldbreidur. [2] (ii) Use the map and photograph to identify two pieces of evidence to suggest that the photograph was taken at a constructive plate margin. [2] 1. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2. ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... Atlantic Ocean Mid-Atlantic Ridge Mid-Atlantic Ridge EURASIAN PLATE NORTH AMERICAN PLATE ICELAND 0 50 Reykjavik 100km Eyjafjallajokull Volcano Skjaldbreidur Skjaldbreidur Key: = Volcano © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 9. (4231-02) (iii) Explain the formation of any one landform found at constructive plate margins. You must use a diagram to help your answer. [5] Landform ....................................................................................................................................................................... Turn over. 4231 020009 9 Examiner only Explanation .................................................................................................................................................................. © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 10. 10 (4231-02) Examiner only (b) Explain how the impact of earthquakes on people’s lives may be reduced. [6] Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 11. BLANK PAGE (4231-02) Turn over. 11 4231 020011 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 12. 12 (4231-02) Examiner only Theme 4 – Changing Populations 4. (a) Study the bar chart below. Change in World population by region 2005-2050 Least Developed Countries 0 50–50 % Growth 100 150 USA India China Europe (i) The population of Least Developed Countries will grow 125% by 2050. Add a bar to the graph to show this. [1] (ii) By how much is India’s population predicted to grow between 2005 and 2050? [1] .......................................................... % (iii) Suggest reasons to explain the predicted population change in one other region identified in the graph. [3] Region ......................................................................................... Explanation © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 13. (4231-02) (b) Study the photograph below. Hambleden - Buckinghamshire Turn over. 13 Examiner only The picturesque village of Hambleden was bought in 2007 by new land owner Mr Scharzenbach for £38m. Using evidence in the photograph only, describe the attractions of living in rural areas in MEDCs such as the UK. [4] Reproduced from http://sobreinglaterra.com © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 14. 14 (4231-02) Examiner only (c) Explain why many Western European countries face an increasingly ageing population. Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 15. (4231-02) Theme 5 – Globalisation 5. (a) Study the textbox and map below. Turn over. 15 Examiner only Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn myspace orkut Africa Europe Asia Australasia South America North America (i) Compare the distribution of countries in which myspace and orkut are the most popular social networking website. [3] Globalisation is when human activities increasingly take place on a worldwide scale Countries in which the social networking sites myspace and orkut are the most popular. © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 16. 16 (4231-02) Examiner only (ii) Explain how changes in technology have allowed increased globalisation of human activities. [3] (b) Study the graph below. Indian Trans-National Company (TNC) Investments Abroad (1996-2005) 1996 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Millionsofdollars Describe Indian TNC investments abroad between 1996 and 2005. [3] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 17. 17 (4231-02) Examiner only (c) Explain why some people who live in newly industrialised countries such as India or China see globalisation as a threat. Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6] Turn over.© WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 18. 18 (4231-02) Examiner only Theme 6 – Development 6. (a) Study the textbox and scattergraph below. 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 Mali Chad Ivory Coast Pakistan India Vietnam Sri Lanka Philippines Bangladesh Ghana Kenya Cambodia Malawi 200 Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa 500 1000 1500 2000 Countries in South Asia (i) Describe the relationship between GNI and under 5 mortality. [2] (ii) Use the graph to describe the differences in under 5 mortality between countries in Sub-Saharan Africa and countries in South Asia. [2] under 5 mortality GNI (US$) GNI is a measure of the wealth of a country. It is usually measured in US Dollars (US$). Under 5 mortality is the number of children who die before the age of 5 for every 1000 births. © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 19. (4231-02) (b) Study the map below. Percentage of Children Completing Primary Education in sub-Saharan Africa Turn over. 19 Examiner only Primary Education Percentage of children completing primary education less than 50% 50-69% 70-84% 85-94% 95% or more no data Tropic of Capricorn Equator N (i) Describe the distribution of countries where less than 50% of children complete primary education. [2] (ii) Suggest why it is important that countries in sub-Saharan Africa improve the education of girls in particular. [3] © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 20. 20 (4231-02) Examiner only (c) ExplainhowNGOscanhelpLEDCsachieveoneormoreoftheMillenniumDevelopment Goals. Use one or more examples to illustrate your answer. [6] Oxfam is an example of a Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) which provides aid to countries in need of help. End of Question 6 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.
- 21. Examiner only (4231-02) For continuation only 21 © WJEC CBAC Ltd.