2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Data Report

2014
IBRAHIM INDEX
OF AFRICAN
GOVERNANCE
DATA REPORT
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
MO IBRAHIM FOUNDATION
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8

2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Data Report
Published September 2014
Copyright © 2014 Mo Ibrahim Foundation
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) is committed to making data on the
quality of governance in Africa freely available and accessible to all
citizens of the continent and interested stakeholders. We welcome and
encourage any accurate reproduction, translation and dissemination
of this material. The material must be attributed to the Mo Ibrahim
Foundation, but not in any way that suggests that MIF endorses you or
your use of the material.
To request additional copies of this or other publications, to provide
feedback or to discuss use of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance
(IIAG) please email info@moibrahimfoundation.org.
For a list of any errors or omissions found subsequent to printing, please
visit www.moibrahimfoundation.org.

2014 IIAG: DATA REPORT
1
Contents
2
3
4
10
2014 IIAG: SCORES & RANKS 13
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
Acknowledgements
About the IIAG & Project Team
2014 IIAG Methodology
Structure of the 2014 IIAG
2014 IIAG: 2013 Scores & Ranks
CATEGORY & SUB-CATEGORY SCORES & RANKS
Safety & Rule of Law
Participation & Human Rights
Sustainable Economic Opportunity
Human Development
SCORES & RANKS: 2004-2013
Overall Governance
Rule of Law
Accountability
Personal Safety
National Security
Participation
Rights
Gender
Public Management
Business Environment
Infrastructure
Rural Sector
56
58
60
62
64
2014 IIAG: MEASUREMENT
IMPRECISION 67
68
69
70
72
74
76
78
80
84
138
150
202
204
205
Human Development
Human Development
Welfare
Education
Health
Measurement Imprecision in the 2014 IIAG
Overall Governance Measurement Imprecision
MEASUREMENT IMPRECISION: 2004-2013
Overall Governance
Human Development
Significant Movers in the 2014 IIAG: 2009-2013
Country Profiles (A-Z)
Data Sources & Institutions
Indicators & Variables
Acronyms & Abbreviations
IIAG Resources
Notes
83
137
2014 IIAG: COUNTRY PROFILES
2014 IIAG: METADATA

Acknowledgements
2
The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) is a
collaborative project which benefits from the support,
expertise and commitment of numerous individuals and
institutions. Each year the IIAG is refined to ensure that it
is the most robust and accurate reflection of governance
performance in Africa. This refinement is only possible as a
result of the input, feedback and critique of our partners.
Their engagement is crucial to the improvement of the IIAG.
First of all, huge thanks go to the Mo Ibrahim Foundation
Board Members for their invaluable guidance and wisdom,
and to Lord Cairns, Nathalie Delapalme and Dr Abdoulie
Janneh in particular. As Board representatives on the
IIAG Advisory Council their input has been central to the
development of the 2014 IIAG.
Special thanks go to the IIAG Advisory Council members for
sharing their time and expertise so generously. This body of
eminent academics and governance professionals ensures
that the IIAG continues to remain a rigorous and robust
reference tool on African governance.
As a composite index of secondary data, the IIAG would not
exist without the excellent work of 34 independent data
sources. The contribution of these data providers is highly
valued and much appreciated.
Lastly, I am enormously grateful to the Research Team at
the Foundation for their tireless work and commitment to
the project.
Elizabeth McGrath
Director of the Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG)

3
About the IIAG & Project Team
The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) provides an
annual assessment of the quality of governance in African countries.
Compiled by combining over 100 variables from more than 30
independent African and global sources, the IIAG is the most
comprehensive collection of data on African governance. The IIAG
provides a framework for citizens, governments, institutions and
the private sector to assess accurately the delivery of public goods
and services, and policy outcomes, across the continent.
Project Team
Research Team
Name Title
Nathalie Delapalme Executive Director – Research and Policy
Elizabeth McGrath Director of the IIAG
Salmana Ahmed Senior Programme Manager
Chloé Bailey Programme Officer
Cirus Iniesta Carreras Senior Analyst
Sif Heide-Ottosen Analyst
Christina Nelson Senior Programme Manager
Zainab Umar Senior Researcher
Maria Tsirodimitri Graphic Designer
Advisory Council
Name Organisation
Dr Abdalla Hamdok (Chair) United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA)
Dr Maurice Enguéléguélé Africa Governance Institute (AGI)
Hazel Feigenblatt* Global Integrity (GI)
Dr E. Gyimah-Boadi* CDD Ghana
Dr Ali Hadi The American University in Cairo (AUC)
Dr Alcinda Honwana Open University (OU)
Dr Daniel Kaufmann Natural Resource Governance Institute (NRGI)
Ambassador Mustaq Moorad International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
‘Jide Olanrewaju Satya Capital
Dr Joy Phumaphi African Leaders Malaria Alliance (ALMA)
Dr Vera Songwe World Bank Group
Dr Piero Stanig Università commerciale Luigi Bocconi
Dr Daniel Zovatto International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA)
*Observer
Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF) Board of Directors
Name Title
Mo Ibrahim Founder and Chair, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Founder, Celtel International
Lord Cairns+ Former Chairman, Actis Capital LLP; Former Chief Executive Officer, SG Warburg
Nathalie Delapalme+ Executive Director – Research and Policy, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Advisor on Africa and development
issues to various French foreign ministers
Hadeel Ibrahim Executive Director – Strategy and External Relations, Mo Ibrahim Foundation: Co-chair, The Africa Center
Abdoulie Janneh+ Executive Director – Liaison with Governments and Institutions in Africa, Mo Ibrahim Foundation; Former Under
Secretary-General, UN and Executive Secretary of UNECA
Sir Ketumile Masire Co-Chairperson, GCA; Former President of Botswana
Jay Naidoo Chair of the Board and Partnership Council, GAIN; Founding General Secretary, COSATU
Mary Robinson UN Special Envoy for Climate Change; Former UN High Commissioner for Human Rights; Former President
of Ireland
Salim Ahmed Salim Former Secretary-General, OAU; Former Prime Minister of Tanzania
+Board representative on the IIAG Advisory Council.

2014 IIAG Methodology
4
1 Introduction
The Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) quantitatively
measures the quality of governance in African countries.
It does this by combining data from diverse sources into
composite governance indicators − one broad governance
measure and several measures of the sub-dimensions of
governance. The composites are simply and transparently
constructed. This document contains an explanation of how
this is done. In addition, the Mo Ibrahim Foundation (MIF)
publishes a complete data set containing both the underlying
data used for the computation of the composites, as well as
the overarching governance measure and the measures of the
sub-dimensions of governance1. Computer code for processing
the data and the computation of the composites, written in a
statistical programming language called R2, is also provided.
(MIF also independently processes the data and computes the
composites in Excel.)
All measurements, however careful, are made with error,
and in recognition of this fact, MIF quantitatively estimates
the confidence with which our measurements are made.
The method by which these estimates are arrived at is also
explained in this document.
The description of MIF’s methodology begins in Section 2.1,
with the Foundation’s conceptualisation of governance.
A technical discussion of the assumptions we make about
our measurement data follows in Section 2.2, as well as an
explanation of how we select and process the underlying
measurements. Finally, in Section 3, we discuss how we
estimate the amount of error in our measurements.
In what follows, the data set containing the broad governance
measure, its dimensions and sub-dimensions as well as the
underlying data will be referred to as the ‘IIAG’.
1.1 Revisions to the IIAG
The IIAG is an annual publication, each iteration of which is
refined. Improvements could be methodological, or based on
the inclusion of new variables. Occasionally it is also necessary
to exclude existing variables if they undergo fundamental
methodological changes or fail to publish with the expected
regularity. Retrospective revisions at source mean that it is
sometimes necessary to update the previously published
data. All changes are made to the entire data set, for all
years covered by the IIAG, not just the most recent year.
The retrospective revision means that any of the 2014 IIAG
composites for a particular country and year may be different
from the 2013 IIAG composites for the same country and year.
Comparisons between years should therefore be made entirely
within the 2014 IIAG.
1 This data set can be found at: http://www.moibrahimfoundation.
org/downloads/publications/2014/2014-iiag-unformatted-dataset.
zip
2 See R Core Team (2013); the code can be found at: http://www.
moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/publications/2014/compute-index-
r-code.zip
2 Measuring Governance
To measure the governance construct, we must first
conceptualise and define governance and its dimensions.
Second, we operationalise the measure by selecting variables
and making assumptions about the information and error
contained therein.
2.1 Conceptualisation
MIF defines governance as the provision of the political, social
and economic public goods and services that a citizen has the
right to expect from his or her state, and that a state has the
responsibility to deliver to its citizens. We are concerned with
outputs and outcomes of policy, rather than declarations of
intent and de jure statutes, though at times it is necessary to
use measurements of the presence of laws.
The governance framework has been constructed by the MIF
Board and the IIAG Advisory Council3 to have four dimensions
(or categories); namely, Safety & Rule of Law, Participation &
Human Rights, Sustainable Economic Opportunity, and Human
Development. These categories are made up of a total of 14
sub-categories (see Table 1).
Category Sub-category
Safety & Rule of Law Rule of Law
Accountability
Personal Safety
National Security
Participation & Human Rights Participation
Rights
Gender
Sustainable Economic Opportunity Public Management
Business Environment
Infrastructure
Rural Sector
Human Development Welfare
Education
Health
Table 1: 2014 IIAG categories and sub-categories.
2.2 Operationalisation
As governance and its dimensions are not directly observable −
that is, it is not possible to measure them as easily as distance,
for example − each construct is operationalised as a composite
indicator of its sub-components. The broad governance
measure is estimated from its underlying four categories
by taking the average of the four category estimates; these
category estimates are obtained by taking the average of their
sub-categories' estimates. Each sub-category estimate is the
average of its underlying sub-components.
Each underlying indicator measures a narrow governance
concept such as the level of freedom of expression.
3 A full list of members of the MIF Board can be found at: http://
www.moibrahimfoundation.org/the-board/; the IIAG Advisory Council
can be found at: http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/advisory-council/

5
Sometimes variables measuring one of these narrow
concepts are available from multiple sources. For example,
freedom of expression is measured by three different data
institutions: Bertelsmann Stiftung, Freedom House and
Reporters sans frontières. To improve the accuracy of the
indicator measurement and to avoid double counting, all
these underlying variables are averaged into a single clustered
indicator.
Further, some variables are deemed to measure something
which is too narrow for inclusion as an indicator. In this case,
it is possible to include the variable in a clustered indicator
measuring a slightly broader concept. For example, the
variables Mobile Phone Subscribers, Household Computers and
Internet Subscribers from the International Telecommunication
Union database are included in the clustered indicator Digital
Connectivity.
Out of the 130 variables included in the 2014 IIAG, 61 are
clustered into 26 clustered indicators, which means that the
IIAG contains 95 indicators in total. These variables come from
34 data providers, and this diversity of sources means that
measurement error in the composite is minimised, as we shall
see in Section 2.2.1.
As was mentioned in Section 2.1, it is sometimes necessary
to include in the IIAG variables which measure legal or
institutional frameworks rather than outputs or outcomes,
when data on outcomes are not available. For instance,
the IIAG includes an indicator that captures the existence
of legislation on violence against women, as there are no
statistics suitable for inclusion on the scope, prevalence and
incidence of such violence.
2.2.1 Technical Assumptions
To compute country-year point estimates and error estimates
for the IIAG composites, we must make assumptions about
the information contained in the constituent indicators.
To this end, let Mti be the true broad governance score for
country i in year t; let Ctij , Stij and Itij be the jth true category,
sub-category and indicator score for country i in year t,
respectively. We will refer to our estimates of these quantities
as Mˆ
ti, Cˆtij, Sˆ
tij and Iˆtij.
The central underlying assumption is that each indicator
score is the true value of the sub-category score to which
it belongs plus some error. This is reasonable, because each
constituent indicator measures something specific − e.g. the
Primary School Completion indicator − but when included in
a sub-category it is expected to measure a broader concept
− in this instance the indicator is included in the Education
sub-category. Even if primary school education in a country is
very good, it is possible for secondary and tertiary education
to be less well developed, and therefore the primary school
completion rate likely overestimates the adequacy of
education provided in a country. It is this misestimation, as
well as the error due to measurement instrument imprecision,
which is captured in the error term.
The relationship between sub-categories and indicators can be
expressed in mathematical terms as follows: supposing that
the jth indicator belongs to the k[j]th sub-category we have
Itij = Stik[j] + εtij, (1)
where the errors εtij are assumed to have zero mean
피[εtij ] = 0; and are assumed to be uncorrelated across
indicators: 피[εtij εt′ i′ j′ ] = 0, for all t and t′.
The assumption of orthogonality across indicators can be
justified using the Statistical Capacity and Budget Management
indicators in the Public Management sub-category as an
example. Both indicators misestimate Public Management by
some amount, but because the indicators come from two very
different sources − in this case the World Bank and the African
Development Bank − there is no reason to suppose that when
one indicator overestimates Public Management then the
other will too (for example).
This assumption is essential because it allows us to distinguish
between noise and signal in the indicator values. Because of it,
any correlation between indicators arises as a result of a latent
governance dimension. Suppose for instance that both the
j1th and j2th indicators belong to the kth sub-category. Then
피[Itij1 Itij2 |Stik ] = 피[(Stik + εtij1 )(Stik + εtij2 )|Stik ] (2)
= S²tik, (3)
since the errors are uncorrelated with mean zero.
In addition, the εtij are assumed to be an autoregressive
process of order one
εtij = ϱεt−1ij + etij, (4)
where |ϱ| < 1 and the etij are independent and identically
distributed satisfying 피[etij |εt−1ij ] = 0 and Var(etij |εt−1ij) = σ²e.
The assumption that the errors are an autoregressive process
means that the errors are correlated in time − that is, if an
indicator overestimates a sub-category score in one year, it
is very likely to overestimate it in the next year as well. This
correlation is captured in the parameter ϱ, which for the data
we use typically takes values near one.
As mentioned previously, the true sub-category score is
estimated using the mean of the indicator scores. Expressing
this relationship in mathematical terms we have
ˆS
tij =
1
|I j |
Σ ,
Î
tik
k ∈I j
(5)
where Ij is the set of indicators in the jth sub-category, and Iˆtij
is a realisation of Itij. This is consistent with the assumption
that there is no systematic bias in the errors across indicators,
since it means that the errors, estimated by the residuals εˆtij
= Iˆtij − Sˆtik[j], cancel across variables Σk∈Ijεˆtik = 0. In Section
3 we explain how we combine the measurement errors
discussed above with the error due to missingness in the data
to compute standard errors for the point estimates.

2014 IIAG METHODOLOGY
6
It is also assumed that the broad governance score and
category scores are estimated by the mean of the categories
and sub-categories respectively
ˆM
ti
=
1
C
ˆC
tij
j Σ
(6)
ˆC
tij
=
1
|S j |
ˆS
tik
Σ
k ∈S j
(7)
where C is the number of categories in the broad governance
measure and Sj is the set of sub-categories belonging to the
jth category.
2.2.1.1 Aggregation and Weighting
We use linear, additive aggregation and nominally weight1
each sub-component equally within its dimension. This
method compares favourably with other methods of
aggregation2, and further it offers the added beneﬁt of
simplicity and transparency.
2.2.2 Variable Selection
As far as construct validity is concerned, the most important
decision is which variables to include. Once a variable is
regarded as a suitable governance proxy other inclusion
criteria based on statistical concerns are applied.
For each data set under consideration data missingness is a
large issue. In particular, the number of countries covered by
a variable in a certain year; the number of years covered in a
variable-country time series; the periodicity of the data; and
the age of the data are four parameters which all impact on
the precision of the composite estimates.
Indeed, as was mentioned in Section 2.2.1, the uncertainty
associated with each point estimate is due partly to the error
in measuring the latent governance dimension, and partly due
to error imputing missing data. There is a trade-off between
these two sources of error. Including more data may mean
including more sparse data, and therefore accruing more error
due to missingness, while including more data may also mean
that the measurement error decreases, since the measurement
errors are assumed to cancel across variables. There is further
balancing required between the categories and the broad
governance measure, in the sense that the errors may be
minimised for one category at a particular set of the above
four parameters, while the errors of another category are
minimised at another set of parameters.
Given these considerations, we require data for at least 34
countries for each variable-year; that each of these variables
contains data from at least two years; and that the most
recent data are no more than three years old.
1 See Decancq and Lugo (2008) for a survey of weighting methods.
2 Chowdhury and Squire (2006) show that equal weighting is similar
to the weighting proposed by experts for the Human Development
Index; see Cherchye (2001) and Lee et al. (2006) for examples of
using data envelopment to construct a composite indicator; see de
Kruijk and Rutten (2007) and Hagerty and Land (2007) for composite
indicator weighted using survey data; see Krishnakumar and Ballon
(2008) for a discussion of using latent variable methodology.
Once the decision has been made to include a variable, it is
assigned to one of the 14 sub-categories in which it sits best
conceptually using the judgment of the Research Team in
collaboration with the IIAG Advisory Council. This process is
not always straightforward as the dimensions of governance
are not independent and as such a variable may be deemed
suitable for multiple sub-categories.
2.2.3 Outliers
Some of the variables which are thought to measure some
aspect of governance, and which the selection criteria above
deem allowable, contain data which can be considered
anomalous, because some of the observations are a long
way from the mass of the variable distribution. Including
such outliers in the IIAG can bias the composite indicator
scores, and − more subtly − means that after normalisation3
the variable may no longer be able to distinguish between
countries. Hence each year the collected raw data are analysed
to determine whether any of the variables require treatment
to address outliers.
In the 2014 IIAG, seven variables required treatment to reduce
the effects of outliers: Political Refugees, Internally Displaced
People, Reserves, Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports,
Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure, Internet Subscribers
and Tertiary Enrolment.
These variables were ﬁltered according to the following
scheme: the trimmed mean and trimmed standard deviation
of the variable were computed on the central 95% of the
empirical variable distribution (i.e., the bottom and top 2.5%
were not used to compute mean and standard deviation). All
observations more than 3 trimmed standard deviations away
from the trimmed mean were replaced by the minimum of
the observation and the trimmed mean plus 3.1 times the
trimmed standard deviation, if they were in the right tail; and
replaced by the maximum of observation and the trimmed
mean minus 3.1 times the trimmed standard deviation, if they
were in the left tail.
In other words, let xti be the variable score for a country i in
year t. Let q2.5 and q97.5 be the 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles of the
empirical distribution of the variable; that is q2.5 and q97.5 are
such that
ℙ{xti ≤ q2.5} = 2.5 and ℙ{xti ≤ q97.5} = 97.5. (8)
Let μ and σ2 respectively be the mean and variance of the set
{xti : q2.5 ≤ xti ≤ q97.5}. For all xti such that xti ≤ μ − 3σ we
replace xti with xˆti = max{xti, μ − 3.1σ} while for all xti such
that xti ≥ μ + 3σ we replace xti with xˆti = min{xti, μ + 3.1σ}.
3 See Section 2.2.5.
4
5
6
4
5
6

7
2.2.4 Imputation
Many of the 130 variables included in the IIAG have data
missing and to avoid biasing the broad governance measure,
category and sub-category scores it is necessary to impute
them. To determine the most suitable method of imputation,
simulation experiments were conducted1 in May 2013 on
the 2012 IIAG data set, where a predetermined proportion
of present data were deleted using various missingness
mechanisms. The deleted data were then imputed using
a range of methods. From the point of view of accuracy,
precision and the amount of missingness remaining after
imputation, it was determined that the best method of
imputation was linear interpolation for missing data which are
in the interior of the time series, with exterior missing values
replaced using last value carried forward (LVCF) and first value
carried backward (FVCB).
Let xti be the raw data value of a variable for country i in year
t. Suppose that there is no data for year t2, and that there are
data for the years t1 and t3. Suppose also that t1 and t3 are the
closest such years to t2 with the property that t1 < t2 < t3. We
replace the missing value at t2 with the estimate
xˆt 2i =xt 1i +(t 2 −t 1 )
xt 3i −xt 1i
t 3 −t 1
(9)
To explain this further, suppose that the first row of Table 2
contains raw data for country A. There are interior missing
values for Year 4 and Year 5; and an exterior missing value
for Year 1. We impute the missing data for Year 1 using FVCB
to obtain the data in the second row of Table 2, where the
exterior imputed value is in bold.
The interior missing values are imputed using linear
interpolation − that is, Equation 9. For instance, the missing
value for Year 4 is replaced by
84.8+(4 − 3)×
(82.8 − 84.8)
6 − 3
= 84.1
(10)
The missing value for Year 5 is replaced by
84.8+(5− 3)×
(82.8 − 84.8)
6 − 3
= 83.5
(11)
These imputations are in italics in Table 2.
Country A Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year 6
Raw data 85.1 84.8 82.8
Exterior points 85.1 85.1 84.8 82.8
Interior points 85.1 85.1 84.8 84.1 83.5 82.8
Table 2: Country A’s data.
1 The detailed results of these experiments can be found at:
http://www.moibrahimfoundation.org/downloads/
publications/2014/iiag-imputation-assessments.pdf
2.2.4.1 Imputation Caveats
There are some time series which we do not impute. For
instance, using linear interpolation, it is not possible to impute
values for those countries for which a variable has no data at
all. For those time series where all but one point is missing,
it has been determined that imputing the time series using
LVCF/FVCB is inappropriate because of the inaccuracies
incurred.
In addition, for the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS
variables Antiretroviral Treatment Provision and Antiretroviral
Treatment Provision for Pregnant Women, it has been
determined through engagement with the data provider that
for the year 2000 the value for both these variables should be
0 for all countries. It was also determined that imputing data
using linear interpolation between the year 2000 and the next
available data point will introduce large inaccuracies.
In both of the above cases, however, the missingness error still
reflects the uncertainty which the missingness introduces.
2.2.5 Normalisation
Data utilised in the construction of the IIAG come from
34 separate sources and as a result are often produced on
different scales at source. In order for them to be meaningfully
combined, raw data are normalised before being included in
the IIAG. The data for each variable are transformed using the
min-max normalisation method, which performs an order-preserving
linear transformation of the data. The min-max
normalisation subtracts the minimum value of a variable’s
entire raw data set (2000−2013) from each country’s value for
that variable in a particular year; the result is then divided by
the range of the variable (maximum value in the raw data set
minus the minimum value in the raw data set). In other words,
let xti be the raw data value of a variable for country i in year
t. Let
m = min(xti : all years t and all countries i) (12)
and
M = max(xti : all years t and all countries i) (13)
be respectively the minimum and maximum value of the
variable over all years and countries. Then the min-max
normalised score is
xti −m
M −m
×100 (14)
This method of normalisation allows all scores to be published
in common units and within the same bounds of 0−100,
where 100 is always the best possible score (this may require
reversing the polarity of a variable by subtracting its score
from 100, in cases where lower values are better).
3 Quantifying Uncertainty
Poor data quality must be accounted for in order for the IIAG
user not to be excessively confident about small changes over
time, and slight score differences between countries.
.
.
.
.
7
7

2014 IIAG METHODOLOGY
8
MIF publishes standard errors and confidence intervals
alongside the broad governance measure and category scores
to reflect uncertainty.
The measurements of the broad governance and category
scores are made with error which is assumed to arise
from two places. First, it is assumed that each variable is
a measurement of the true sub-category score plus some
measurement error (see Equation 1 in Section 2.2.1). It is also
assumed that the imputation of missing values is made with
missingness error. These two types of error are combined
using Rubin’s formula1 to obtain the standard error of the
measurement.
3.1 Measurement Error
Since the measurement error is assumed to occur between
the variable value and the true value of the sub-categories,
we can estimate the distribution of the broad governance
and category score errors for a particular country-year by
computing them for a resampled set of variable values. The
standard deviations of the bootstrapped2 broad governance
and category error distributions give an estimate of the
measurement error.
3.2 Missingness Error
To compute the error due to missingness we multiple impute
each missing value, using the method of imputation described
in Section 2.2.4, with a slight modification. After imputation,
the data are perturbed slightly by adding realisations of a
normal random variable with mean 0 and variance equal to the
variance of the variable over all years. In other words, let xti be
the raw data value of a variable for country i in year t. Let σ2
= Var{xti : all years t and all countries i}. For an imputed data
point xti, define the perturbed data to be xˆti = xti + η, where
η ∼ N(0, σ2). The entire data set is imputed several times
with different realisations of the perturbations, and the broad
governance and composite scores for each imputation are
computed. The missingess error for a category − for instance −
is estimated by the standard deviation of the category scores
across imputations.
3.3 Cross-country Confidence Intervals
The standard errors obtained by combining the measurement
and missingness errors are used to construct 90% confidence
intervals, using the normal approximation. These confidence
intervals allow users of the IIAG to discriminate, to a certain
degree, between countries and years. Note that score or rank
comparisons between countries with overlapping confidence
intervals should be avoided, since they could reflect a
statistical ‘tie’.
Table 3 demonstrates that, because of the overlap of the
confidence intervals, it cannot be said that Country A’s overall
governance performance is definitely better than that of
Country B.
1 See Rubin (1987), p. 76.
2 See Efron and Tibshirani (1993).
Score Confidence interval
Country A 82.8 (79.4, 86.3)
Country B 78.4 (74.7, 82.1)
Table 3: Confidence intervals for two countries.
4 Postscript
The IIAG is an inclusive and collaborative effort. If you
have any questions about the above methodology, or any
suggestions for its improvement, please email the Research
Team at info@moibrahimfoundation.org.
References
Cherchye, L. (2001). Using data envelopment analysis to
assess macroeconomic policy performance. Applied
Economics, 33(3):407–416.
Chowdhury, S. and Squire, L. (2006). Setting weights for
aggregate indices: An application to the commitment to
development index and Human Development Index. The
Journal of Development Studies, 42(5):761–771.
de Kruijk, H. and Rutten, M. (2007). Weighting dimensions
of poverty based on peoples priorities: Constructing a
composite poverty index for the Maldives. IIDE Discussion
Papers 20070801, Institute for International and
Development Economics.
Decancq, K. and Lugo, M. A. (2008). Setting weights in
multidimensional indices of well-being and deprivation.
OPHI: Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative
working papers, 18.
Efron, B. and Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction to the
Bootstrap. Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Hagerty, M. R. and Land, K. C. (2007). Constructing summary
indices of quality of life: A model for the effect of
heterogeneous importance weights. Sociological Methods
and Research, 36:105–132.
Krishnakumar, J. and Ballon, P. (2008). Estimating basic
capabilities: A structural equation model applied to Bolivia.
World Development, 36(6):992--1010.
Lee, H.-S., Lin, K., and Fang, H.-H. (2006). A fuzzy multiple
objective DEA for the Human Development Index. In
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on
Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering
Systems - Volume Part II, KES’06, pages 922–928, Berlin,
Heidelberg. Springer-Verlag.
R Core Team (2013). R: A Language and Environment for
Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical
Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.
Rubin, D. B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in
Surveys. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
8
9
8
9

Structure of the 2014 IIAG
10
OVERALL GOVERNANCE | 95 indicators
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
Rule of Law Accountability Personal Safety National Security
Judicial Process
(EIUD EIU)
Sanctions
(SIA CDD)
Social Unrest
(EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power
(EIUD EIU)
Safety of the
Person
(EIUD EIU)
Judicial
Independence
Judicial
Independence
(BTI BS)
Judicial
Independence
(GCR WEF)
Judicial
Independence
(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Property Rights
(BTI BS)
Property Freedom
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights
(GCR WEF)
Cross-border
Tensions
(EIUD EIU)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in Rural
Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption
& Bureaucracy
(WGI WB)
Accountability
of Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Corruption in
Government
& Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of
Abuse of Office
(BTI BS)
Diversion of Public
Funds (GCR WEF)
Public Sector
Corruption Bodies
(AII GI)
Access to
Information
Public Information
(AII GI)
Access to
Legislative
Processes &
Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror
(PTS PTS)
Violent Crime
(EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking
(TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed
Conflict
(EIUD EIU)
Political Refugees
(OPD UNHCR)
Internally
Displaced People
(GOT IDMC)
18 indicators
Participation Rights Gender
Free & Fair
Executive Elections
(AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair
Elections (BTI BS)
Political
Participation
(DI EIU)
Effective Power
to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights
(FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance
in Education
(WDI WB)
Women's
Participation in
the Labour Force
(WDI WB)
Equal
Representation
in Rural Areas
(PBAS IFAD)
Women in
Parliament
(WDI WB)
Legislation on
Violence against
Women (GID-DB/
SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality
in the Workplace
(AII GI)
Gender Equality in
Appointments to
Cabinet (AII GI)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Human Rights
(EIUD EIU)
Freedom of
Expression
Freedom of
Expression (BTI BS)
Press Freedom
(FOTP FH)
Press Freedom
(WPFI RSF)
Freedom of
Association
& Assembly
Freedom of
Association &
Assembly (BTI BS)
Freedom of
Association (AII GI)
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil
Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties
(FITW FH)
25 indicators
5 indicators 9 indicators 6 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators 5 indicators
8 indicators
International
Human Rights
Conventions
(MTDSG UNOLA/
TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Police Services
(GCR WEF)
Government
Involvement in
Armed Conflict
(UCDP UCDP)
Clustered Indicators in the 2014 IIAG Key
A clustered indicator is an indicator composed of a number of underlying
variables which each measure the same dimension and come from different
sources, or measure similar dimensions and come from the same source.
For the list of data sources and institutions refer to pp. 138-149.
*Cluster within a
clustered indicator.
Refer to pp. 202-203
for data source and
institution acronyms.
Indicator
(Data source
and institution
acronym)
Clustered
indicator
Variable
(Data source
and institution
acronym)

11
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Public Management Business Environment Infrastructure Rural Sector
Statistical Capacity
(BBSC WB)
Public Resources
for Rural
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural
Research &
Extension Services
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input
& Produce Markets
(PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal
Framework
for Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between
Government
& Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy
Costs (GCR WEF)
Public
Administration
Public
Administration
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Diversification
(AEO AfDB/
OECD/UNDP/
UNECA)
Reserves
(CD EIU)
Budget
Management
Budget
Management
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total
Revenue to Total
Expenditure
(ASY AU/AfDB/
UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External
Debt Service
to Exports
(CD EIU)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Access to Financial
Records of State-owned
Companies
(AII GI)
Competitive
Environment
Competitive
Environment*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Competition
(BTI BS)
Competitive
Bidding (AII GI)
Investment
Climate
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Investment
Climate for Rural
Businesses
(PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial
Services
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red
Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs
Procedures
(GCR WEF)
Soundness
of Banks
(GCR WEF)
Electricity Supply
(GCR WEF)
Access to Land
(PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water
for Agriculture
(PBAS IFAD)
Welfare Education Health
Welfare Regime
(BTI BS)
Education
Provision &
Quality (BTI BS)
Educational
System Quality
(GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils
to Teachers in
Primary School
(UIS UNESCO)
Primary School
Completion
(WDI WB)
Progression to
Secondary School
(WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment
(UIS UNESCO)
Literacy
(UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality
(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality
(CME IGME)
Social Protection
& Labour
Social Protection
& Labour
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion
(BTI BS)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public
Resource Use
Equity of Public
Resource Use
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Environmental
Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental
Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Immunisation
(Measles, DPT &
Hepatitis B)
Immunisation
against Measles
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against DPT
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against Hepatitis B
(GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral
Treatment
Provision
ART Provision
(AD UNAIDS)
ART Provision for
Pregnant Women
(AD UNAIDS)
Disease
(Malaria & TB)
Malaria
(GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis
(GHO WHO)
Undernourishment
(WDI WB)
Access to
Sanitation
Access to Improved
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Open Defecation
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Land & Water for
Low-income Rural
Populations
Road Network
(GCR WEF)
Rail Network
(EIUD EIU)
Air Transport
Quality of Air
Transport
(GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Safety (AII GI)
Telephone & IT
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
(EIUD EIU)
IT Infrastructure
(EIUD EIU)
Digital
Connectivity
Mobile Phone
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Household
Computers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Internet
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped
Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Access to
Improved Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
10 indicators 7 indicators
31 indicators
7 indicators 7 indicators 7 indicators
21 indicators

13
2014 IIAG:
SCORES & RANKS

2014 IIAG: 2013 Scores & Ranks
14

15
2013 SCORES & RANKS
OVERALL GOVERNANCE HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE
ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
PARTICIPATION &
HUMAN RIGHTS
SAFETY &
RULE OF LAW
SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK
Algeria 54.4 20 46.8 34 43.4 31 49.9 23 77.5 7
Angola 40.9 44 43.1 39 37.3 40 34.6 42 48.6 41
Benin 56.7 18 55.6 23 65.6 11 47.0 25 58.5 25
Botswana 76.2 3 85.3 1 73.1 8 65.9 4 80.4 5
Burkina Faso 53.3 21 57.7 18 53.2 23 51.0 17 51.2 38
Burundi 45.3 38 40.4 43 49.6 25 38.5 38 52.7 35
Cabo Verde 76.6 2 78.2 3 83.5 1 63.1 8 81.6 3
Cameroon 47.6 34 45.4 36 39.3 37 46.2 27 59.6 22
CAR 24.8 51 12.0 51 28.2 48 24.8 49 34.3 51
Chad 32.3 49 33.9 46 28.1 49 29.9 45 37.1 50
Comoros 49.3 30 56.6 21 53.8 22 31.3 44 55.7 30
Congo 43.4 41 45.0 37 38.1 38 39.2 37 51.2 39
Côte d'Ivoire 44.3 40 41.6 40 43.9 29 43.5 30 48.3 43
DRC 34.1 47 23.7 50 32.6 44 34.8 41 45.2 48
Djibouti 46.8 35 50.6 29 32.1 45 48.1 24 56.4 29
Egypt 51.1 26 40.9 42 40.0 36 54.2 13 69.4 11
Equatorial Guinea 38.4 45 41.5 41 25.9 50 28.4 46 57.9 26
Eritrea 29.8 50 31.0 48 22.8 51 21.9 51 43.5 49
Ethiopia 48.5 32 50.0 31 36.7 42 50.4 20 56.9 27
Gabon 51.0 27 57.6 19 42.0 33 41.5 34 62.8 18
Gambia 51.6 23 50.2 30 36.4 43 54.2 12 65.4 15
Ghana 68.2 7 69.9 6 73.6 7 53.6 14 75.5 8
Guinea 43.3 42 46.5 35 43.2 32 35.9 40 47.5 44
Guinea-Bissau 33.2 48 30.5 49 30.1 47 25.7 48 46.7 46
Kenya 57.4 17 51.3 27 59.3 17 54.4 11 64.6 16
Lesotho 62.3 10 69.5 7 69.9 9 50.4 21 59.3 24
Liberia 49.3 31 51.5 26 55.4 20 36.8 39 53.6 33
Libya 42.1 43 33.2 47 40.5 34 27.1 47 67.4 13
Madagascar 48.2 33 49.0 32 51.0 24 44.1 29 48.6 42
Malawi 57.6 16 64.6 11 62.9 13 45.9 28 56.8 28
Mali 49.5 28 48.6 33 45.9 28 51.8 15 51.6 37
Mauritania 44.5 39 43.4 38 40.1 35 42.0 32 52.6 36
Mauritius 81.7 1 84.5 2 77.0 2 79.7 1 85.6 1
Morocco 58.8 14 58.7 15 37.5 39 69.1 3 70.1 10
Mozambique 52.2 22 50.8 28 60.7 14 46.8 26 50.5 40
Namibia 70.3 6 74.9 4 75.0 3 62.2 9 68.9 12
Niger 49.4 29 56.0 22 55.0 21 40.9 35 45.8 47
Nigeria 45.8 37 38.1 44 48.9 26 43.3 31 53.0 34
Rwanda 60.4 11 58.2 17 47.7 27 63.4 6 72.1 9
São Tomé & Príncipe 59.7 12 65.7 9 66.5 10 40.4 36 66.3 14
Senegal 64.3 9 63.5 12 73.7 6 56.7 10 63.4 17
Seychelles 73.2 5 70.8 5 74.1 5 63.6 5 84.4 2
Sierra Leone 51.1 25 58.5 16 57.4 19 41.6 33 47.1 45
Somalia 8.6 52 5.9 52 10.7 52 3.5 52 14.1 52
South Africa 73.3 4 68.1 8 74.4 4 71.9 2 78.8 6
Swaziland 51.5 24 60.8 13 31.0 46 51.6 16 62.6 20
Tanzania 58.2 15 57.4 20 65.5 12 50.5 19 59.6 23
Togo 46.4 36 54.6 24 43.8 30 32.8 43 54.6 31
Tunisia 66.0 8 59.1 14 60.6 15 63.3 7 81.0 4
Uganda 56.1 19 53.3 25 58.4 18 50.1 22 62.8 19
Zambia 59.4 13 65.1 10 60.4 16 51.0 18 61.4 21
Zimbabwe 38.0 46 37.7 45 37.0 41 23.5 50 53.9 32
African Average 51.5 51.7 49.9 45.6 58.7
Central Africa 41.4 40.6 37.6 35.7 51.8
East Africa 48.5 47.8 46.4 43.2 56.6
North Africa 52.8 47.0 43.7 50.9 69.7
Southern Africa 59.3 62.8 59.1 52.3 62.9
West Africa 52.2 53.4 54.0 45.2 56.3

CATEGORY & SUB-CATEGORY: SCORES & RANKS
16
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW
2013 SCORES & RANKS
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW NATIONAL
SECURITY
RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY PERSONAL SAFETY
Algeria 46.8 34 41.4 31 42.5 20 42.9 31 60.4 46
Angola 43.1 39 35.0 38 15.5 48 37.5 37 84.3 19
Benin 55.6 23 59.4 12 37.2 26 54.0 14 71.7 40
Botswana 85.3 1 95.5 1 77.3 1 68.7 3 100.0 3
Burkina Faso 57.7 18 47.0 26 44.7 15 52.5 16 86.6 16
Burundi 40.4 43 42.1 30 27.0 41 31.8 40 61.0 45
Cabo Verde 78.2 3 82.5 6 68.1 3 62.1 5 100.0 1
Cameroon 45.4 36 31.8 40 29.4 38 40.8 33 79.7 29
CAR 12.0 51 15.2 48 15.2 49 7.5 51 10.0 52
Chad 33.9 46 26.5 45 24.7 42 26.4 45 58.1 49
Comoros 56.6 21 42.5 28 34.2 33 60.0 7 89.6 15
Congo 45.0 37 30.4 41 24.5 43 42.5 32 82.8 23
Côte d'Ivoire 41.6 40 26.6 44 29.0 39 37.9 36 72.8 38
DRC 23.7 50 31.8 39 22.8 45 10.0 50 30.0 50
Djibouti 50.6 29 40.4 34 30.8 36 50.0 21 81.2 26
Egypt 40.9 42 27.9 43 35.1 32 29.0 44 71.6 41
Eritrea 31.0 48 4.4 51 22.8 46 37.5 38 59.3 47
Ethiopia 50.0 31 47.8 25 38.8 25 52.0 17 61.4 44
Gabon 57.6 19 51.0 20 33.3 34 56.3 8 89.9 13
Gambia 50.2 30 35.9 37 32.1 35 48.7 24 84.0 20
Ghana 69.9 6 85.0 4 57.3 8 54.5 13 82.9 21
Guinea 46.5 35 40.9 33 30.1 37 29.2 43 86.0 17
Guinea-Bissau 30.5 49 6.7 50 13.9 50 25.0 47 76.3 33
Kenya 51.3 27 55.4 16 42.9 18 34.3 39 72.5 39
Lesotho 69.5 7 68.5 10 65.0 6 49.7 22 95.0 5
Liberia 51.5 26 42.3 29 37.1 27 44.6 29 82.0 24
Libya 33.2 47 13.0 49 18.0 47 26.1 46 75.5 34
Madagascar 49.0 32 26.4 46 41.1 23 38.8 35 90.0 9
Malawi 64.6 11 71.2 7 45.3 13 52.0 18 90.0 10
Mali 48.6 33 39.0 35 43.7 17 50.0 20 61.5 43
Mauritania 43.4 38 38.1 36 27.4 40 31.3 41 76.8 32
Mauritius 84.5 2 94.4 2 74.6 2 69.2 2 100.0 2
Morocco 58.7 15 58.7 14 42.9 19 53.0 15 80.0 27
Mozambique 50.8 28 48.3 24 36.7 28 44.6 28 73.3 37
Namibia 74.9 4 83.7 5 66.7 5 54.5 12 94.7 8
Niger 56.0 22 46.8 27 44.3 16 55.0 10 78.0 31
Nigeria 38.1 44 41.0 32 36.6 30 16.5 49 58.2 48
Rwanda 58.2 17 50.0 22 62.8 7 55.8 9 64.4 42
Senegal 63.5 12 70.1 8 47.9 11 60.8 6 75.1 35
Seychelles 70.8 5 64.5 11 54.4 10 64.5 4 99.9 4
Sierra Leone 58.5 16 55.3 17 41.1 22 54.7 11 82.9 22
Somalia 5.9 52 0.0 52 2.0 52 3.1 52 18.3 51
South Africa 68.1 8 93.0 3 67.4 4 30.4 42 81.7 25
Swaziland 60.8 13 58.9 13 47.2 12 47.2 26 90.0 12
Tanzania 57.4 20 54.0 18 39.9 24 45.9 27 90.0 11
Togo 54.6 24 49.0 23 36.6 29 47.5 25 85.2 18
Tunisia 59.1 14 55.6 15 57.1 9 43.6 30 79.9 28
Uganda 53.3 25 53.6 19 36.0 31 49.1 23 74.5 36
Zambia 65.1 10 69.3 9 44.9 14 51.1 19 95.0 6
Zimbabwe 37.7 45 29.0 42 23.6 44 20.1 48 78.1 30
African Average 51.7 47.1 38.9 43.6 77.1
Central Africa 40.6 32.6 25.6 37.3 66.9
East Africa 47.8 41.3 35.6 44.0 70.2
North Africa 47.0 39.1 37.2 37.6 74.0
Southern Africa 62.8 64.4 50.4 47.0 89.3
West Africa 53.4 48.5 40.0 46.2 78.9

17
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS
2013 SCORES & RANKS
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS PARTICIPATION RIGHTS GENDER
SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK
Algeria 43.4 31 30.0 35 54.5 21 45.8 34
Angola 37.3 40 34.8 34 35.8 41 41.4 40
Benin 65.6 11 73.1 10 69.3 7 54.5 22
Botswana 73.1 8 78.5 7 68.5 8 72.3 4
Burkina Faso 53.2 23 47.4 25 65.8 11 46.4 33
Burundi 49.6 25 43.6 28 38.6 37 66.7 12
Cabo Verde 83.5 1 96.1 1 84.0 1 70.2 8
Cameroon 39.3 37 27.5 38 36.6 39 53.9 24
CAR 28.2 48 17.6 46 27.9 48 39.1 42
Chad 28.1 49 17.6 47 29.1 46 37.7 46
Comoros 53.8 22 59.8 21 63.5 13 38.1 45
Congo 38.1 38 26.0 40 38.6 36 49.6 30
Côte d'Ivoire 43.9 29 51.7 24 46.2 32 33.7 49
DRC 32.6 44 19.9 44 32.7 42 45.2 36
Djibouti 32.1 45 24.0 42 31.3 43 40.9 41
Egypt 40.0 36 42.8 29 41.3 34 35.8 48
Equatorial Guinea 25.9 50 15.1 48 10.5 50 52.2 27
Eritrea 22.8 51 2.8 51 8.6 51 56.9 20
Ethiopia 36.7 42 27.0 39 28.8 47 54.3 23
Gabon 42.0 33 37.0 31 47.1 31 41.8 39
Gambia 36.4 43 24.8 41 26.2 49 58.3 19
Ghana 73.6 7 80.1 6 78.1 3 62.7 16
Guinea 43.2 32 40.8 30 41.5 33 47.4 31
Guinea-Bissau 30.1 47 12.7 49 39.2 35 38.5 44
Kenya 59.3 17 65.7 14 51.1 26 61.2 17
Lesotho 69.9 9 82.4 3 60.9 17 66.3 13
Liberia 55.4 20 65.1 16 48.1 29 53.0 25
Libya 40.5 34 53.3 22 37.9 38 30.4 50
Madagascar 51.0 24 36.4 32 49.2 27 67.4 11
Malawi 62.9 13 64.2 17 61.6 16 62.9 15
Mali 45.9 28 44.2 27 54.4 22 39.0 43
Mauritania 40.1 35 29.5 36 47.4 30 43.5 37
Mauritius 77.0 2 83.9 2 81.7 2 65.3 14
Morocco 37.5 39 22.7 43 53.5 24 36.3 47
Mozambique 60.7 14 60.7 20 53.6 23 67.9 9
Namibia 75.0 3 80.1 5 73.3 5 71.6 5
Niger 55.0 21 68.2 13 68.1 9 28.6 51
Nigeria 48.9 26 52.2 23 49.0 28 45.7 35
Rwanda 47.7 27 19.3 45 36.3 40 87.6 2
São Tomé & Príncipe 66.5 10 73.8 9 71.0 6 54.5 21
Senegal 73.7 6 75.0 8 74.7 4 71.4 7
Seychelles 74.1 5 70.8 11 62.8 15 88.7 1
Sierra Leone 57.4 19 61.0 19 64.2 12 46.9 32
Somalia 10.7 52 2.8 52 7.3 52 22.1 52
South Africa 74.4 4 81.1 4 67.8 10 74.3 3
Swaziland 31.0 46 11.9 50 29.7 45 51.5 28
Tanzania 65.5 12 65.6 15 63.2 14 67.6 10
Togo 43.8 30 35.8 33 52.6 25 43.1 38
Tunisia 60.6 15 61.5 18 59.3 19 61.0 18
Uganda 58.4 18 46.7 26 56.9 20 71.6 6
Zambia 60.4 16 69.5 12 60.6 18 51.0 29
Zimbabwe 37.0 41 27.7 37 30.2 44 53.0 26
African Average 49.9 47.0 49.4 53.2
Central Africa 37.6 29.3 36.7 46.8
East Africa 46.4 38.9 40.8 59.6
North Africa 43.7 40.0 49.0 42.1
Southern Africa 59.1 59.3 56.1 62.1
West Africa 54.0 55.2 57.4 49.3

CATEGORY & SUB-CATEGORY: SCORES & RANKS
18
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
2013 SCORES & RANKS
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BUSINESS INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL SECTOR
ENVIRONMENT
PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT
Algeria 49.9 23 56.5 12 44.6 32 44.5 15 53.8 30
Angola 34.6 42 40.5 41 30.6 42 28.5 33 38.9 43
Benin 47.0 25 56.8 11 50.6 22 22.6 41 57.8 22
Botswana 65.9 4 69.5 3 72.8 4 58.4 7 62.9 14
Burkina Faso 51.0 17 59.3 9 48.0 25 27.6 34 69.1 6
Burundi 38.5 38 41.9 39 36.6 37 22.7 40 53.0 33
Cabo Verde 63.1 8 59.7 7 63.0 9 49.6 10 80.3 1
Cameroon 46.2 27 48.5 25 40.0 36 37.9 24 58.3 20
CAR 24.8 49 27.6 49 25.7 47 22.1 42 24.0 49
Chad 29.9 45 38.9 43 28.1 44 12.7 48 40.0 42
Comoros 31.3 44 30.1 46 33.0 39 26.6 36 35.6 47
Congo 39.2 37 54.3 17 29.3 43 26.7 35 46.3 39
Côte d'Ivoire 43.5 30 44.7 33 45.8 28 45.7 14 38.0 44
DRC 34.8 41 44.1 34 28.1 45 10.3 51 56.7 25
Djibouti 48.1 24 39.9 42 53.9 16 51.2 9 47.2 37
Egypt 54.2 13 43.1 35 53.6 18 56.8 8 63.4 12
Eritrea 21.9 51 19.0 51 7.9 51 10.9 50 49.9 36
Ethiopia 50.4 20 50.4 21 45.7 29 41.6 16 63.9 11
Gabon 41.5 34 41.3 40 43.3 33 41.2 17 40.2 41
Gambia 54.2 12 45.0 32 56.1 13 45.7 13 70.1 5
Ghana 53.6 14 48.3 27 64.3 8 40.9 18 61.0 16
Guinea 35.9 40 48.4 26 32.6 40 15.7 46 46.8 38
Guinea-Bissau 25.7 48 29.1 47 25.6 48 20.3 43 27.7 48
Kenya 54.4 11 55.3 14 51.2 20 45.9 12 65.2 10
Lesotho 50.4 21 56.4 13 55.2 14 38.4 21 51.5 34
Liberia 36.8 39 42.0 37 42.5 35 25.0 38 37.6 45
Libya 27.1 47 28.9 48 17.2 49 38.6 20 23.8 50
Madagascar 44.1 29 43.0 36 49.8 23 29.9 30 53.6 31
Malawi 45.9 28 47.0 30 48.7 24 34.7 26 53.4 32
Mali 51.8 15 59.4 8 51.1 21 36.1 25 60.7 17
Mauritania 42.0 32 48.8 24 35.8 38 26.1 37 57.2 23
Mauritius 79.7 1 70.5 2 90.4 1 77.9 2 80.0 2
Morocco 69.1 3 60.7 6 72.0 5 66.9 6 76.7 3
Mozambique 46.8 26 55.2 16 45.7 30 28.6 32 57.9 21
Namibia 62.2 9 48.9 22 65.3 7 75.8 4 58.8 18
Niger 40.9 35 50.6 20 45.8 27 11.0 49 56.3 26
Nigeria 43.3 31 53.2 18 44.8 31 19.6 44 55.6 27
Rwanda 63.4 6 58.4 10 79.1 2 39.6 19 76.4 4
Senegal 56.7 10 61.6 5 65.5 6 34.3 27 65.3 9
Seychelles 63.6 5 45.4 31 58.6 11 81.6 1 68.7 7
Sierra Leone 41.6 33 42.0 38 46.5 26 23.4 39 54.3 29
Somalia 3.5 52 2.2 52 1.1 52 7.2 52 . .
South Africa 71.9 2 74.5 1 77.6 3 77.1 3 58.4 19
Swaziland 51.6 16 48.9 23 53.9 17 48.3 11 55.5 28
Tanzania 50.5 19 55.2 15 51.3 19 32.1 28 63.3 13
Togo 32.8 43 47.1 29 30.7 41 16.6 45 36.9 46
Tunisia 63.3 7 61.6 4 55.1 15 68.6 5 67.8 8
Uganda 50.1 22 51.6 19 56.8 12 29.1 31 62.7 15
Zambia 51.0 18 47.6 28 61.1 10 38.2 22 57.0 24
Zimbabwe 23.5 50 27.5 50 16.7 50 38.0 23 11.9 51
African Average 45.6 47.1 46.1 36.4 53.8
Central Africa 35.7 40.6 33.0 24.4 44.6
East Africa 43.2 40.9 43.2 35.3 58.6
North Africa 50.9 49.9 46.4 50.3 57.1
Southern Africa 52.3 52.4 55.6 47.8 53.3
West Africa 45.2 49.8 47.5 28.9 54.5

19
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
2013 SCORES & RANKS
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WELFARE EDUCATION HEALTH
SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK SCORE RANK
Algeria 77.5 7 63.3 10 72.3 8 96.8 3
Angola 48.6 41 40.1 40 40.9 41 64.9 38
Benin 58.5 25 58.4 18 45.9 31 71.3 26
Botswana 80.4 5 79.2 2 75.0 6 86.9 9
Burkina Faso 51.2 38 54.2 20 30.1 48 69.4 32
Burundi 52.7 35 51.6 27 41.6 39 64.8 39
Cabo Verde 81.6 3 76.1 6 77.5 3 91.3 5
Cameroon 59.6 22 50.5 30 54.1 23 74.3 24
CAR 34.3 51 22.5 50 24.0 51 56.4 48
Chad 37.1 50 35.0 46 27.8 50 48.7 51
Comoros 55.7 30 43.6 38 62.9 14 60.6 45
Congo 51.2 39 44.7 37 44.5 35 64.3 42
Côte d'Ivoire 48.3 43 35.7 45 39.3 44 69.9 30
DRC 45.2 48 31.4 49 48.6 29 55.5 49
Djibouti 56.4 29 53.5 22 45.7 33 70.1 29
Egypt 69.4 11 50.1 31 68.5 10 89.4 7
Equatorial Guinea 57.9 26 35.8 44 75.2 5 62.8 43
Eritrea 43.5 49 21.9 51 43.7 36 64.8 40
Ethiopia 56.9 27 63.2 11 42.4 38 65.0 37
Gabon 62.8 18 52.8 24 55.1 21 80.6 13
Gambia 65.4 15 58.4 17 58.3 19 79.4 14
Ghana 75.5 8 74.0 7 71.6 9 80.9 12
Guinea 47.5 44 44.8 36 32.4 47 65.3 36
Guinea-Bissau 46.7 46 34.9 47 40.3 43 64.7 41
Kenya 64.6 16 60.1 13 58.6 18 75.0 21
Lesotho 59.3 24 50.6 29 56.2 20 71.0 27
Liberia 53.6 33 45.9 34 49.4 28 65.6 35
Libya 67.4 13 38.3 43 65.2 12 98.7 1
Madagascar 48.6 42 39.9 42 45.4 34 60.5 46
Malawi 56.8 28 53.2 23 41.5 40 75.7 19
Mali 51.6 37 45.1 35 40.5 42 69.4 31
Mauritania 52.6 36 53.5 21 38.2 45 66.0 33
Mauritius 85.6 1 81.1 1 85.9 1 89.8 6
Morocco 70.1 10 56.8 19 66.0 11 87.6 8
Mozambique 50.5 40 51.6 26 34.2 46 65.6 34
Namibia 68.9 12 67.8 8 59.6 16 79.3 15
Niger 45.8 47 47.7 32 28.0 49 61.7 44
Nigeria 53.0 34 52.6 25 45.8 32 60.4 47
Rwanda 72.1 9 77.4 5 53.3 25 85.5 11
São Tomé & Príncipe 66.3 14 59.0 16 62.9 15 77.0 18
Senegal 63.4 17 60.1 14 51.2 27 79.0 16
Seychelles 84.4 2 78.8 3 75.9 4 98.6 2
Sierra Leone 47.1 45 42.4 39 47.0 30 51.9 50
Somalia 14.1 52 2.1 52 0.0 52 40.3 52
South Africa 78.8 6 77.9 4 72.7 7 85.7 10
Swaziland 62.6 20 47.2 33 63.2 13 77.3 17
Tanzania 59.6 23 59.9 15 43.3 37 75.6 20
Togo 54.6 31 40.1 41 53.6 24 70.1 28
Tunisia 81.0 4 67.5 9 83.2 2 92.3 4
Uganda 62.8 19 61.9 12 51.3 26 75.0 22
Zambia 61.4 21 51.0 28 59.4 17 73.7 25
Zimbabwe 53.9 32 32.3 48 54.5 22 74.9 23
African Average 58.7 51.5 52.0 72.7
Central Africa 51.8 41.5 49.0 64.9
East Africa 56.6 52.2 47.2 70.5
North Africa 69.7 54.9 65.6 88.5
Southern Africa 62.9 56.0 57.4 75.5
West Africa 56.3 51.4 47.4 70.0

20
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
SCORE
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 51.6 52.6 53.1 53.2 53.6 53.0 54.2 52.5 53.2 54.4 +1.4
Angola 32.4 33.4 35.2 36.8 40.1 40.6 42.3 42.7 44.0 40.9 +0.3
Benin 56.9 57.0 58.0 59.8 59.3 60.2 60.9 59.9 59.4 56.7 -3.5
Botswana 72.7 73.9 74.3 74.6 75.3 74.9 75.5 76.1 76.1 76.2 +1.3
Burkina Faso 52.4 52.7 52.8 53.4 53.6 55.0 53.9 53.0 53.7 53.3 -1.7
Burundi 38.3 40.5 42.5 45.5 44.9 45.4 44.1 44.5 44.5 45.3 -0.1
Cabo Verde 73.3 73.6 73.4 74.7 76.6 75.2 76.4 76.6 76.4 76.6 +1.3
Cameroon 43.8 44.2 44.8 46.4 47.6 46.1 46.8 46.8 47.8 47.6 +1.5
CAR 26.1 27.9 28.5 30.0 32.8 31.1 31.9 33.2 32.2 24.8 -6.2
Chad 32.8 32.5 31.7 30.3 29.2 29.8 31.4 32.9 33.2 32.3 +2.5
Comoros 45.2 45.9 48.8 45.4 47.8 49.1 48.6 48.4 49.2 49.3 +0.3
Congo 36.2 38.2 38.6 39.1 40.3 40.3 41.8 43.2 42.6 43.4 +3.1
Côte d'Ivoire 36.6 37.1 36.0 35.6 36.0 36.6 36.2 38.4 42.4 44.3 +7.8
DRC 27.8 30.5 32.2 33.6 34.5 33.3 33.5 34.3 32.3 34.1 +0.8
Djibouti 47.7 47.0 46.6 46.7 46.8 46.0 45.9 45.9 47.2 46.8 +0.7
Egypt 54.5 54.7 54.7 57.2 58.1 59.1 58.6 54.5 55.7 51.1 -8.0
Equatorial Guinea 35.6 37.1 37.1 37.7 38.5 38.3 39.2 39.5 39.4 38.4 +0.1
Eritrea 37.4 38.1 36.8 35.8 35.2 32.6 32.3 30.9 30.5 29.8 -2.8
Ethiopia 44.1 44.9 44.8 45.7 46.7 46.4 46.7 47.7 48.2 48.5 +2.1
Gabon 45.8 45.9 45.9 47.4 48.5 49.0 50.5 50.7 51.2 51.0 +2.0
Gambia 53.2 52.1 52.4 52.5 53.9 52.4 52.8 52.8 53.0 51.6 -0.9
Ghana 64.1 64.4 65.3 65.3 66.3 66.6 67.1 67.7 67.7 68.2 +1.6
Guinea 40.3 40.5 39.9 39.1 36.9 36.7 41.5 42.3 43.2 43.3 +6.5
Guinea-Bissau 35.5 38.7 39.8 41.2 41.0 40.0 41.6 41.3 35.0 33.2 -6.8
Kenya 55.5 55.3 55.5 56.1 56.1 53.3 54.8 55.7 55.4 57.4 +4.1
Lesotho 56.2 58.0 58.5 58.6 58.6 58.4 58.3 58.9 61.0 62.3 +3.8
Liberia 30.7 34.5 38.0 42.0 44.9 46.0 48.2 49.5 50.3 49.3 +3.4
Libya 48.4 49.0 49.1 49.1 50.2 49.5 47.8 40.4 46.3 42.1 -7.4
Madagascar 56.7 57.8 57.0 58.1 57.7 49.3 47.4 45.2 45.0 48.2 -1.1
Malawi 52.4 52.6 54.0 54.7 55.0 55.7 56.9 56.1 56.7 57.6 +1.9
Mali 52.8 53.5 54.8 54.8 55.8 55.2 55.8 57.2 48.9 49.5 -5.7
Mauritania 49.2 49.3 50.6 51.7 45.7 43.7 45.9 46.5 48.0 44.5 +0.8
Mauritius 75.8 76.3 77.0 78.3 80.9 80.4 80.3 81.0 81.4 81.7 +1.3
Morocco 55.5 56.6 56.3 57.8 56.6 56.0 56.2 56.6 57.7 58.8 +2.9
Mozambique 53.9 54.3 53.8 53.1 53.1 54.4 54.5 54.4 54.2 52.2 -2.2
Namibia 66.6 67.2 67.7 68.7 69.6 69.1 70.1 70.2 69.9 70.3 +1.1
Niger 43.7 44.0 44.5 43.8 45.8 43.9 45.9 51.0 49.8 49.4 +5.5
Nigeria 42.8 44.3 45.0 45.5 45.0 45.3 44.9 44.9 45.4 45.8 +0.6
Rwanda 51.8 52.6 53.8 53.7 55.6 55.8 56.7 58.4 60.2 60.4 +4.6
São Tomé & Príncipe 56.6 56.5 56.1 56.9 57.3 55.3 55.9 58.0 58.7 59.7 +4.4
Senegal 59.7 60.1 59.6 59.2 59.5 59.7 59.5 59.8 62.5 64.3 +4.6
Seychelles 68.8 69.0 70.3 69.7 70.1 70.5 71.9 71.7 72.0 73.2 +2.7
Sierra Leone 40.1 40.9 41.3 45.9 47.8 47.2 50.0 50.6 50.4 51.1 +3.9
Somalia 10.1 10.0 9.3 10.7 7.6 8.0 8.2 7.5 8.5 8.6 +0.5
South Africa 72.3 72.9 73.4 73.9 73.3 72.8 73.1 73.3 73.0 73.3 +0.5
Swaziland 48.1 47.8 48.8 49.6 51.2 50.2 50.4 50.4 50.1 51.5 +1.3
Tanzania 58.2 59.0 59.8 60.5 60.8 60.0 59.9 59.6 59.1 58.2 -1.7
Togo 37.5 35.6 37.9 39.8 41.9 43.6 46.1 45.7 46.6 46.4 +2.8
Tunisia 64.0 64.3 64.7 65.0 64.5 63.8 63.3 64.6 65.1 66.0 +2.2
Uganda 53.1 53.2 54.3 55.9 55.3 55.1 57.2 57.4 57.7 56.1 +1.0
Zambia 53.8 55.1 55.9 56.6 56.2 56.3 56.5 57.5 59.4 59.4 +3.1
Zimbabwe 36.1 34.0 33.1 32.7 31.2 32.6 33.3 36.3 37.0 38.0 +5.4
African Average 48.7 49.4 49.9 50.6 51.0 50.6 51.2 51.4 51.7 51.5 +0.9
Central Africa 38.1 39.1 39.4 40.2 41.1 40.4 41.4 42.3 42.2 41.4 +1.0
East Africa 46.4 46.9 47.5 47.8 47.9 47.5 47.9 48.0 48.4 48.5 +1.0
North Africa 53.9 54.4 54.8 55.7 54.8 54.2 54.3 52.5 54.3 52.8 -1.4
Southern Africa 56.4 56.9 57.4 58.0 58.5 57.9 58.2 58.5 59.0 59.3 +1.4
West Africa 48.0 48.6 49.2 50.2 51.0 50.9 52.1 52.7 52.3 52.2 +1.3

21
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
RANK
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
26 23 24 24 24 24 23 25 23 20 +4 Algeria
48 48 47 45 43 41 41 41 41 44 -3 Angola
11 13 12 10 11 9 9 9 13 18 -9 Benin
3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 Botswana
23 22 25 23 25 21 24 23 22 21 0 Burkina Faso
39 38 37 35 39 36 40 39 40 38 -2 Burundi
2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 Cabo Verde
34 35 34 32 32 33 33 33 34 34 -1 Cameroon
51 51 51 51 49 50 50 49 50 51 -1 CAR
47 49 50 50 51 51 51 50 48 49 +2 Chad
32 32 30 37 31 29 29 31 30 30 -1 Comoros
43 41 41 43 42 42 42 40 43 41 +1 Congo
42 43 46 47 46 46 46 46 44 40 +6 Côte d'Ivoire
50 50 49 48 48 47 47 48 49 47 0 DRC
30 30 31 31 33 34 37 35 35 35 -1 Djibouti
17 18 19 15 13 12 12 21 19 26 -14 Egypt
45 44 44 44 44 44 45 45 45 45 -1 Equatorial Guinea
41 42 45 46 47 49 49 51 51 50 -1 Eritrea
33 33 35 34 34 32 34 32 32 32 0 Ethiopia
31 31 32 30 29 30 26 27 25 27 +3 Gabon
20 26 26 26 23 25 25 24 24 23 +2 Gambia
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 Ghana
37 39 39 42 45 45 44 42 42 42 +3 Guinea
46 40 40 40 41 43 43 43 47 48 -5 Guinea-Bissau
15 16 17 18 18 23 21 20 20 17 +6 Kenya
14 11 11 12 12 13 13 12 10 10 +3 Lesotho
49 46 42 39 38 35 30 30 27 31 +4 Liberia
28 28 28 29 28 27 31 44 37 43 -16 Libya
12 12 13 13 14 28 32 37 39 33 -5 Madagascar
24 25 21 21 22 17 15 19 18 16 +1 Malawi
22 20 18 20 19 19 20 17 31 28 -9 Mali
27 27 27 27 36 39 36 34 33 39 0 Mauritania
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Mauritius
16 14 14 14 16 15 18 18 16 14 +1 Morocco
18 19 22 25 26 22 22 22 21 22 0 Mozambique
6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 Namibia
35 36 36 38 35 38 38 26 29 29 +9 Niger
36 34 33 36 37 37 39 38 38 37 0 Nigeria
25 24 23 22 20 16 16 13 11 11 +5 Rwanda
13 15 15 16 15 18 19 14 15 12 +6 São Tomé & Príncipe
9 9 10 11 10 11 11 10 9 9 +2 Senegal
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 Seychelles
38 37 38 33 30 31 28 28 26 25 +6 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 South Africa
29 29 29 28 27 26 27 29 28 24 +2 Swaziland
10 10 9 9 9 10 10 11 14 15 -5 Tanzania
40 45 43 41 40 40 35 36 36 36 +4 Togo
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 0 Tunisia
21 21 20 19 21 20 14 16 17 19 +1 Uganda
19 17 16 17 17 14 17 15 12 13 +1 Zambia
44 47 48 49 50 48 48 47 46 46 +2 Zimbabwe

22
Judicial Process
(EIUD EIU)
Sanctions
(SIA CDD)
Social Unrest
(EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power
(EIUD EIU)
Safety of the
Person
(EIUD EIU)
Judicial
Independence
Judicial
Independence
(BTI BS)
Judicial
Independence
(GCR WEF)
Judicial
Independence
(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Property Rights
(BTI BS)
Property Freedom
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights
(GCR WEF)
Cross-border
Tensions
(EIUD EIU)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in Rural
Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption
& Bureaucracy
(WGI WB)
Accountability
of Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Corruption in
Government
& Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of
Abuse of Office
(BTI BS)
Diversion of Public
Funds (GCR WEF)
Public Sector
Corruption Bodies
(AII GI)
Access to
Information
Public Information
(AII GI)
Access to
Legislative
Processes &
Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror
(PTS PTS)
Violent Crime
(EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking
(TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed
Conflict
(EIUD EIU)
Political Refugees
(OPD UNHCR)
Internally
Displaced People
(GOT IDMC)
18 indicators
Free & Fair
Executive Elections
(AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair
Elections (BTI BS)
Political
Participation
(DI EIU)
Effective Power
to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights
(FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance
in Education
(WDI WB)
Women's
Participation in
the Labour Force
(WDI WB)
Equal
Representation
in Rural Areas
(PBAS IFAD)
Women in
Parliament
(WDI WB)
Legislation on
Violence against
Women (GID-DB/
SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality
in the Workplace
(AII GI)
Gender Equality in
Appointments to
Cabinet (AII GI)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Human Rights
(EIUD EIU)
Freedom of
Expression
Freedom of
Expression (BTI BS)
Press Freedom
(FOTP FH)
Press Freedom
(WPFI RSF)
Freedom of
Association
& Assembly
Freedom of
Association &
Assembly (BTI BS)
Freedom of
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil
Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties
(FITW FH)
25 indicators
8 indicators
International
Human Rights
Conventions
(MTDSG UNOLA/
TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Police Services
(GCR WEF)
Government
Involvement in
Armed Conflict
(UCDP UCDP)
*Cluster within a
for data source and
Indicator
(Data source
and institution
acronym)
Clustered
indicator
Variable
(Data source
and institution
acronym)

23
(BBSC WB)
Public Resources
for Rural
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural
Research &
Extension Services
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input
& Produce Markets
(PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal
Framework
for Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between
Government
& Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy
Costs (GCR WEF)
Public
Administration
Public
Administration
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Diversification
(AEO AfDB/
OECD/UNDP/
UNECA)
Reserves
(CD EIU)
Budget
Management
Budget
Management
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total
Revenue to Total
Expenditure
(ASY AU/AfDB/
UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External
Debt Service
to Exports
(CD EIU)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Access to Financial
Companies
(AII GI)
Competitive
Environment
Competitive
Environment*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Competition
(BTI BS)
Competitive
Bidding (AII GI)
Investment
Climate
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Investment
Climate for Rural
Businesses
(PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial
Services
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red
Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs
Procedures
(GCR WEF)
Soundness
of Banks
(GCR WEF)
Electricity Supply
(GCR WEF)
Access to Land
(PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water
for Agriculture
(PBAS IFAD)
Welfare Regime
(BTI BS)
Education
Provision &
Quality (BTI BS)
Educational
System Quality
(GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils
to Teachers in
Primary School
(UIS UNESCO)
Primary School
Completion
(WDI WB)
Progression to
Secondary School
(WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment
(UIS UNESCO)
Literacy
(UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality
(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality
(CME IGME)
Social Protection
& Labour
Social Protection
& Labour
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion
(BTI BS)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public
Resource Use
Equity of Public
Resource Use
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Environmental
Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental
Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Immunisation
(Measles, DPT &
Hepatitis B)
Immunisation
against Measles
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against DPT
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against Hepatitis B
(GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral
Treatment
Provision
ART Provision
(AD UNAIDS)
ART Provision for
Pregnant Women
(AD UNAIDS)
Disease
(Malaria & TB)
Malaria
(GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis
(GHO WHO)
Undernourishment
(WDI WB)
Access to
Sanitation
Access to Improved
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Open Defecation
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Land & Water for
Low-income Rural
Populations
Road Network
(GCR WEF)
Rail Network
(EIUD EIU)
Air Transport
Quality of Air
Transport
(GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Safety (AII GI)
Telephone & IT
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
(EIUD EIU)
IT Infrastructure
(EIUD EIU)
Digital
Connectivity
Mobile Phone
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Household
Computers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Internet
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped
Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Access to
Improved Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
31 indicators
21 indicators

24
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 51.2 51.3 50.8 49.4 49.7 48.5 50.0 43.8 44.3 46.8 -1.7
Angola 36.9 39.9 40.5 38.2 44.4 39.8 41.6 42.1 44.6 43.1 +3.3
Benin 65.5 63.5 64.9 67.9 66.5 64.6 63.7 63.4 62.0 55.6 -9.1
Botswana 84.0 84.5 84.1 84.6 85.8 84.6 86.8 87.8 86.6 85.3 +0.7
Burkina Faso 67.6 66.7 65.6 62.1 60.4 61.4 57.9 56.7 58.3 57.7 -3.7
Burundi 43.1 44.0 44.0 47.8 43.6 43.6 42.5 41.9 40.8 40.4 -3.1
Cabo Verde 82.3 82.3 83.1 81.6 82.1 77.0 79.7 77.7 78.6 78.2 +1.1
Cameroon 46.7 45.9 47.1 48.7 48.2 46.7 44.9 45.1 46.7 45.4 -1.3
CAR 27.7 32.2 28.5 27.7 36.5 26.5 27.0 28.6 23.9 12.0 -14.5
Chad 39.9 39.4 38.0 32.9 29.9 31.0 35.0 35.8 35.7 33.9 +2.9
Comoros 55.0 55.1 56.0 44.3 51.3 55.1 57.1 55.9 57.1 56.6 +1.5
Congo 36.1 37.7 39.3 41.0 41.0 41.6 42.8 44.5 43.7 45.0 +3.4
Côte d'Ivoire 28.9 32.1 30.5 30.9 32.4 31.6 28.3 33.4 39.9 41.6 +10.0
DRC 24.4 28.4 27.8 25.7 26.8 26.9 27.1 30.3 22.7 23.7 -3.2
Djibouti 56.6 56.2 55.0 55.5 56.9 54.1 52.8 50.7 50.7 50.6 -3.5
Egypt 60.0 59.5 58.4 61.7 62.4 62.2 59.5 54.6 50.0 40.9 -21.3
Equatorial Guinea 39.1 42.1 41.5 41.7 43.1 41.7 42.4 42.8 41.6 41.5 -0.2
Eritrea 43.7 44.6 42.5 42.1 38.9 33.4 33.5 31.9 31.5 31.0 -2.4
Ethiopia 46.0 46.9 46.7 47.1 47.5 45.8 45.2 46.0 47.5 50.0 +4.2
Gabon 53.6 54.3 54.0 56.3 54.8 53.9 56.6 56.2 57.0 57.6 +3.7
Gambia 58.6 57.4 57.5 54.6 55.7 50.3 51.3 53.4 51.6 50.2 -0.1
Ghana 72.3 70.4 71.1 71.0 70.9 70.1 70.2 71.2 70.7 69.9 -0.2
Guinea 48.9 47.5 47.4 42.8 36.7 36.6 46.1 41.9 47.5 46.5 +10.0
Guinea-Bissau 43.8 43.0 44.3 48.8 47.7 42.2 42.3 41.6 33.5 30.5 -11.8
Kenya 53.3 53.5 51.9 52.4 53.2 49.3 49.5 51.6 48.5 51.3 +2.0
Lesotho 65.7 66.3 66.2 65.1 66.3 66.7 65.0 66.0 68.4 69.5 +2.8
Liberia 28.6 32.6 35.7 42.6 47.5 50.7 52.0 53.7 54.9 51.5 +0.8
Libya 52.3 52.2 51.0 50.9 52.7 51.4 43.5 26.4 37.3 33.2 -18.2
Madagascar 62.6 63.6 63.4 64.0 63.5 46.1 43.3 39.8 42.5 49.0 +2.9
Malawi 65.4 65.5 67.6 68.3 66.9 66.0 65.2 63.7 63.9 64.6 -1.3
Mali 60.7 61.2 61.5 61.6 62.8 58.0 60.1 59.8 45.8 48.6 -9.4
Mauritania 58.5 59.5 58.7 55.0 44.2 38.6 46.7 45.6 48.5 43.4 +4.8
Mauritius 83.0 82.0 82.5 83.6 85.0 87.2 86.8 86.5 86.8 84.5 -2.7
Morocco 62.6 62.3 61.5 63.4 60.2 59.8 60.6 58.7 59.2 58.7 -1.2
Mozambique 62.7 62.7 62.4 60.8 57.6 58.9 56.6 59.7 56.6 50.8 -8.2
Namibia 74.1 74.5 74.4 75.8 78.2 77.0 76.6 77.2 75.1 74.9 -2.1
Niger 52.1 52.5 53.8 48.5 51.8 49.5 50.5 57.3 53.3 56.0 +6.5
Nigeria 38.8 43.2 43.4 44.4 44.8 44.7 44.4 41.5 39.1 38.1 -6.6
Rwanda 56.8 56.5 57.3 59.8 61.5 58.1 56.4 56.0 58.2 58.2 +0.2
Senegal 62.7 62.3 60.1 61.0 62.4 58.4 56.9 56.5 59.7 63.5 +5.1
Seychelles 69.3 69.8 70.9 71.8 71.3 72.7 73.8 70.8 70.3 70.8 -1.9
Sierra Leone 39.5 40.6 41.8 47.4 50.8 49.0 57.5 58.2 55.5 58.5 +9.5
Somalia 12.5 12.5 10.9 4.1 4.0 4.6 4.6 3.8 5.5 5.9 +1.3
South Africa 71.9 72.0 71.6 70.9 70.1 69.3 69.2 71.0 69.9 68.1 -1.2
Swaziland 59.1 58.5 58.5 59.9 59.5 56.9 56.8 60.0 56.7 60.8 +3.9
Tanzania 60.9 61.2 62.9 61.1 62.4 61.5 59.3 59.7 58.6 57.4 -4.0
Togo 52.0 42.1 50.6 53.5 56.2 55.5 58.1 56.0 55.7 54.6 -0.9
Tunisia 69.1 68.4 67.9 66.1 63.9 64.3 60.7 56.4 58.8 59.1 -5.2
Uganda 49.6 49.0 49.6 50.3 51.4 49.9 54.3 54.2 54.1 53.3 +3.4
Zambia 61.6 62.7 62.7 63.6 62.7 61.5 59.8 63.0 65.0 65.1 +3.6
Zimbabwe 36.0 31.8 30.5 31.9 28.5 33.0 30.6 33.4 34.8 37.7 +4.7
African Average 53.8 54.0 54.1 54.0 54.2 52.5 52.8 52.4 52.2 51.7 -0.8
Central Africa 41.8 43.3 42.9 42.7 43.5 41.5 42.3 43.2 42.0 40.6 -0.8
East Africa 49.7 49.9 49.8 48.8 49.3 48.0 48.1 47.5 47.5 47.8 -0.2
North Africa 59.0 58.9 58.1 57.8 55.5 54.1 53.5 47.6 49.7 47.0 -7.1
Southern Africa 63.6 63.7 63.7 63.9 64.0 62.3 61.5 62.5 62.6 62.8 +0.5
West Africa 53.5 53.1 54.1 54.6 55.2 53.3 54.6 54.8 53.7 53.4 +0.1

25
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
33 32 32 32 34 34 32 37 38 34 0 Algeria
45 44 44 46 40 43 45 39 37 39 +4 Angola
12 14 13 9 10 10 10 10 12 23 -13 Benin
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 +1 Botswana
9 9 12 16 20 16 19 20 17 18 -2 Burkina Faso
40 38 39 36 42 39 42 40 42 43 -4 Burundi
3 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 Cabo Verde
36 36 36 34 35 35 37 35 35 36 -1 Cameroon
50 48 50 50 47 51 51 50 50 51 0 CAR
41 45 46 47 49 49 46 45 46 46 +3 Chad
27 27 26 40 32 24 21 26 19 21 +3 Comoros
46 46 45 45 44 42 41 36 39 37 +5 Congo
48 49 49 49 48 48 49 46 43 40 +8 Côte d'Ivoire
51 51 51 51 51 50 50 49 51 50 0 DRC
26 26 27 25 24 25 28 32 29 29 -4 Djibouti
21 21 23 17 18 13 16 27 30 42 -29 Egypt
43 41 43 44 43 41 43 38 41 41 0 Equatorial Guinea
39 37 41 43 45 46 47 48 49 48 -2 Eritrea
37 35 37 38 37 37 36 33 33 31 +6 Ethiopia
28 28 28 24 27 26 24 23 20 19 +7 Gabon
23 24 24 27 26 29 30 30 28 30 -1 Gambia
5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 6 0 Ghana
35 34 35 41 46 45 35 41 34 35 +10 Guinea
38 40 38 33 36 40 44 42 48 49 -9 Guinea-Bissau
29 29 30 29 28 32 33 31 31 27 +5 Kenya
11 10 11 12 11 8 9 8 8 7 +1 Lesotho
49 47 47 42 38 28 29 29 25 26 +2 Liberia
30 31 31 30 29 27 39 51 45 47 -20 Libya
16 13 14 13 13 36 40 44 40 32 +4 Madagascar
13 12 9 8 9 9 8 9 11 11 -2 Malawi
20 20 19 18 14 21 14 14 36 33 -12 Mali
24 22 21 26 41 44 34 34 32 38 +6 Mauritania
2 3 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 -1 Mauritius
17 17 18 15 21 17 13 17 14 15 +2 Morocco
14 16 17 21 23 18 25 16 22 28 -10 Mozambique
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 Namibia
31 30 29 35 30 31 31 19 27 22 +9 Niger
44 39 40 39 39 38 38 43 44 44 -6 Nigeria
25 25 25 23 19 20 26 24 18 17 +3 Rwanda
15 18 20 20 16 19 22 21 13 12 +7 Senegal
7 7 7 5 5 5 5 7 6 5 0 Seychelles
42 43 42 37 33 33 20 18 24 16 +17 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
6 5 5 7 7 7 7 6 7 8 -1 South Africa
22 23 22 22 22 22 23 13 21 13 +9 Swaziland
19 19 15 19 17 15 17 15 16 20 -5 Tanzania
32 42 33 28 25 23 18 25 23 24 -1 Togo
8 8 8 11 12 11 12 22 15 14 -3 Tunisia
34 33 34 31 31 30 27 28 26 25 +5 Uganda
18 15 16 14 15 14 15 11 9 10 +4 Zambia
47 50 48 48 50 47 48 47 47 45 +2 Zimbabwe

26
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW RULE OF LAW | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 49.4 49.4 50.3 50.8 48.9 44.5 41.5 40.1 39.4 41.4 -3.1
Angola 32.9 32.6 31.1 30.2 31.1 38.6 31.9 30.8 37.1 35.0 -3.5
Benin 58.9 58.9 58.9 59.9 59.6 59.8 59.8 58.6 58.2 59.4 -0.4
Botswana 97.3 97.3 97.3 97.0 97.9 97.6 97.4 97.4 97.4 95.5 -2.2
Burkina Faso 57.4 57.1 57.1 57.3 51.2 51.0 49.8 50.1 50.2 47.0 -4.1
Burundi 57.7 57.7 58.1 59.5 59.0 44.7 44.1 43.3 43.4 42.1 -2.6
Cabo Verde 77.2 79.1 79.1 79.1 79.1 72.4 79.0 79.5 80.4 82.5 +10.1
Cameroon 39.7 39.2 39.1 39.9 39.8 33.2 33.9 33.9 33.8 31.8 -1.4
CAR 10.0 30.0 29.0 35.7 36.3 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.5 15.2 -21.7
Chad 34.7 34.1 33.0 32.6 32.5 32.9 33.6 28.7 26.5 26.5 -6.4
Comoros 39.0 39.6 39.6 22.9 29.0 39.0 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.5 +3.5
Congo 31.6 29.3 30.3 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.7 30.3 30.4 30.4 -0.3
Côte d'Ivoire 16.6 16.6 16.9 16.9 16.9 10.6 10.7 19.5 24.6 26.6 +16.0
DRC 27.7 27.7 28.3 28.9 28.9 28.9 28.9 28.9 28.8 31.8 +2.9
Djibouti 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2 40.2 33.6 33.6 40.2 40.4 +0.2
Egypt 63.5 62.8 63.1 64.7 64.4 62.3 62.2 61.6 49.6 27.9 -34.5
Eritrea 30.3 30.7 30.1 29.0 29.0 9.0 8.0 7.4 6.9 4.4 -4.7
Ethiopia 46.2 46.2 46.6 48.2 48.8 48.1 42.2 42.1 41.4 47.8 -0.3
Gabon 44.0 44.0 43.1 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7 51.0 +1.3
Gambia 40.8 41.2 41.7 36.9 38.6 39.0 38.6 38.3 37.6 35.9 -3.0
Ghana 73.9 73.9 75.0 75.4 75.4 81.9 81.8 82.0 81.8 85.0 +3.1
Guinea 37.4 37.4 37.4 37.8 16.6 16.2 37.6 32.1 39.4 40.9 +24.7
Guinea-Bissau 30.6 31.4 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.1 6.7 6.7 -26.4
Kenya 55.3 55.3 54.3 53.3 52.2 50.2 50.5 51.8 53.5 55.4 +5.1
Lesotho 63.7 63.7 62.9 61.4 60.9 62.3 61.4 60.2 67.2 68.5 +6.2
Liberia 21.3 21.6 22.6 22.7 23.4 40.8 41.1 41.1 42.0 42.3 +1.6
Libya 36.9 36.9 36.5 36.1 36.5 36.2 33.9 11.4 18.7 13.0 -23.1
Madagascar 60.2 60.2 59.2 58.3 52.3 18.4 15.6 13.8 19.4 26.4 +8.0
Malawi 72.3 72.3 71.6 71.6 72.3 65.0 64.5 63.7 67.9 71.2 +6.2
Mali 61.3 61.3 61.5 61.9 61.8 61.5 58.7 57.6 41.4 39.0 -22.5
Mauritania 63.5 63.5 63.5 56.9 41.2 26.2 39.5 40.6 41.0 38.1 +11.9
Mauritius 94.6 94.6 93.1 94.3 95.4 95.1 94.6 94.9 95.3 94.4 -0.7
Morocco 59.4 60.0 58.6 60.0 60.7 60.3 59.6 59.3 59.9 58.7 -1.6
Mozambique 54.8 54.8 53.7 46.3 47.6 54.8 54.4 53.8 52.9 48.3 -6.4
Namibia 91.1 91.1 90.4 90.1 91.2 84.9 85.0 84.4 83.5 83.7 -1.1
Niger 56.0 56.0 56.0 49.3 56.0 49.3 36.0 62.7 49.4 46.8 -2.5
Nigeria 43.7 43.7 44.7 45.8 54.1 53.5 38.3 38.4 38.5 41.0 -12.4
Rwanda 45.8 45.8 44.4 49.6 50.9 55.2 49.1 49.5 50.0 50.0 -5.2
São Tomé & Príncipe 58.6 59.2 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.6 54.2 52.5 50.9 50.6 -7.9
Senegal 61.8 61.8 61.5 61.2 62.1 61.9 55.5 54.7 61.8 70.1 +8.2
Seychelles 61.2 61.2 63.7 63.7 63.7 71.2 71.2 64.5 64.5 64.5 -6.7
Sierra Leone 30.3 30.6 32.0 33.1 39.4 39.0 49.0 49.4 49.4 55.3 +16.4
Somalia 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
South Africa 88.3 88.3 87.7 87.3 86.5 85.2 84.9 85.9 86.9 93.0 +7.8
Swaziland 59.8 59.8 59.8 59.8 59.8 59.3 58.8 59.6 54.9 58.9 -0.3
Tanzania 56.6 56.6 56.5 55.7 55.1 54.6 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.0 -0.6
Togo 47.0 27.0 47.0 47.0 48.3 49.5 52.8 49.6 49.2 49.0 -0.5
Tunisia 57.3 57.3 57.3 51.3 50.9 49.6 50.6 48.1 54.3 55.6 +6.0
Uganda 66.4 66.7 67.1 66.7 66.6 59.1 59.8 54.0 53.4 53.6 -5.5
Zambia 66.7 67.0 66.3 67.4 67.4 60.5 60.3 59.9 67.0 69.3 +8.9
Zimbabwe 28.2 28.2 28.0 27.5 27.2 27.2 27.8 29.0 30.1 29.0 +1.7
African Average 50.5 50.5 50.8 50.4 50.1 48.3 47.9 47.5 47.4 47.1 -1.2
Central Africa 33.9 36.2 35.9 37.8 37.8 36.9 36.6 35.7 35.1 32.6 -4.4
East Africa 45.3 45.5 45.6 44.5 45.0 42.8 41.3 40.3 40.9 41.3 -1.5
North Africa 55.0 55.0 54.9 53.3 50.4 46.5 47.9 43.5 43.8 39.1 -7.4
Southern Africa 67.5 67.5 66.7 65.9 65.8 62.4 61.4 61.1 63.3 64.4 +2.0
West Africa 47.6 46.5 48.3 47.8 47.7 48.0 48.1 49.8 47.4 48.5 +0.5

27
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW RULE OF LAW | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
28 28 28 26 29 31 31 34 36 31 0 Algeria
41 40 43 44 42 37 44 42 39 38 -1 Angola
19 20 18 16 17 15 13 15 13 12 +3 Benin
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Botswana
22 23 23 21 25 23 24 23 21 26 -3 Burkina Faso
21 21 21 18 18 30 28 29 28 30 0 Burundi
5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 6 6 0 Cabo Verde
36 36 37 35 35 40 40 38 41 40 0 Cameroon
51 44 46 39 39 38 37 37 40 48 -10 CAR
40 39 41 42 41 42 41 46 45 45 -3 Chad
37 35 36 49 45 34 29 30 29 28 +6 Comoros
42 45 44 43 43 43 45 43 42 41 +2 Congo
50 51 51 51 50 50 50 48 46 44 +6 Côte d'Ivoire
47 47 47 46 46 44 46 45 44 39 +5 DRC
35 34 35 34 34 33 42 39 34 34 -1 Djibouti
12 12 12 10 10 9 9 10 24 43 -34 Egypt
44 42 45 45 44 51 51 51 50 51 0 Eritrea
30 29 30 30 30 29 30 31 31 25 +4 Ethiopia
32 31 33 27 28 25 25 24 23 20 +5 Gabon
34 33 34 37 37 35 34 36 38 37 -2 Gambia
6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 4 +1 Ghana
38 37 38 36 51 49 36 41 35 33 +16 Guinea
43 41 40 40 40 41 43 40 51 50 -9 Guinea-Bissau
26 26 26 24 24 24 23 22 17 16 +8 Kenya
10 10 13 13 14 10 10 11 8 10 0 Lesotho
49 50 50 50 49 32 32 32 30 29 +3 Liberia
39 38 39 38 38 39 39 50 49 49 -10 Libya
16 16 17 20 23 48 49 49 48 46 +2 Madagascar
7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 7 7 +1 Malawi
14 14 14 12 13 12 16 16 32 35 -23 Mali
11 11 11 22 33 46 33 33 33 36 +10 Mauritania
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 Mauritius
18 17 19 15 15 14 14 14 12 14 0 Morocco
27 27 27 32 32 20 18 20 19 24 -4 Mozambique
3 3 3 3 3 4 3 4 4 5 -1 Namibia
25 25 25 29 20 28 38 9 25 27 +1 Niger
33 32 31 33 22 22 35 35 37 32 -10 Nigeria
31 30 32 28 26 19 26 26 22 22 -3 Rwanda
20 19 20 19 19 18 19 21 20 21 -3 São Tomé & Príncipe
13 13 15 14 12 11 17 17 11 8 +3 Senegal
15 15 10 11 11 7 7 7 10 11 -4 Seychelles
45 43 42 41 36 36 27 27 26 17 +19 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
4 4 4 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 0 South Africa
17 18 16 17 16 16 15 13 14 13 +3 Swaziland
24 24 24 23 21 21 20 18 16 18 +3 Tanzania
29 48 29 31 31 27 21 25 27 23 +4 Togo
23 22 22 25 27 26 22 28 15 15 +11 Tunisia
9 9 8 9 9 17 12 19 18 19 -2 Uganda
8 8 9 8 8 13 11 12 9 9 +4 Zambia
46 46 48 47 47 45 47 44 43 42 +3 Zimbabwe

28
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 40.7 40.7 42.1 42.6 41.8 37.7 42.5 41.1 39.7 42.5 +4.9
Angola 13.6 12.6 14.2 16.6 18.0 18.1 18.6 16.9 18.5 15.5 -2.6
Benin 39.9 40.1 41.5 44.7 43.3 40.4 39.2 38.8 37.4 37.2 -3.1
Botswana 76.1 78.2 76.6 78.3 80.4 79.2 79.6 79.2 78.0 77.3 -2.0
Burkina Faso 49.8 48.6 48.5 44.7 43.2 45.2 44.2 42.1 43.7 44.7 -0.5
Burundi 31.3 31.7 28.2 27.6 31.1 29.7 28.2 26.6 24.7 27.0 -2.7
Cabo Verde 71.4 73.5 72.8 75.1 77.2 71.9 71.9 72.0 71.5 68.1 -3.8
Cameroon 25.8 27.4 28.2 29.4 33.8 34.5 31.7 27.7 29.3 29.4 -5.1
CAR 19.1 19.8 20.4 21.0 27.5 20.6 22.9 22.9 23.6 15.2 -5.4
Chad 28.1 27.3 26.5 24.7 21.1 25.5 23.8 25.4 25.9 24.7 -0.8
Comoros 36.1 35.8 39.4 39.4 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 34.2 -2.4
Congo 22.6 24.6 23.6 24.6 22.0 22.0 24.3 25.4 24.2 24.5 +2.5
Côte d'Ivoire 28.1 27.6 27.1 27.2 29.0 33.1 32.3 32.4 33.8 29.0 -4.1
DRC 19.7 21.5 19.8 21.5 24.0 23.1 22.4 22.4 22.9 22.8 -0.3
Djibouti 26.4 25.0 25.0 27.0 29.3 34.1 33.2 32.3 31.4 30.8 -3.2
Egypt 41.7 40.2 41.6 43.2 40.8 42.1 40.2 38.3 34.2 35.1 -7.0
Eritrea 38.4 38.6 38.6 37.2 36.6 30.2 26.9 23.6 22.3 22.8 -7.4
Ethiopia 40.4 40.3 40.3 41.4 41.8 40.6 39.0 39.2 40.0 38.8 -1.8
Gabon 31.6 34.3 34.3 32.5 30.7 30.7 33.1 33.0 36.1 33.3 +2.6
Gambia 43.0 42.4 42.1 41.5 39.5 31.9 32.0 37.3 36.7 32.1 +0.2
Ghana 56.7 55.4 59.3 58.2 58.0 61.4 58.5 60.8 60.3 57.3 -4.1
Guinea 32.0 32.8 27.4 20.8 24.0 30.7 28.1 26.6 27.5 30.1 -0.7
Guinea-Bissau 20.2 18.7 22.2 30.1 30.5 23.8 23.8 23.8 17.5 13.9 -9.9
Kenya 43.7 42.8 42.1 42.3 39.7 37.4 38.1 40.1 41.5 42.9 +5.5
Lesotho 58.1 60.5 60.5 61.2 62.3 66.3 60.5 59.2 59.2 65.0 -1.3
Liberia 27.5 27.3 33.2 35.3 39.0 46.8 46.8 47.1 46.9 37.1 -9.7
Libya 27.2 26.5 26.5 26.5 28.3 25.7 21.2 19.9 23.9 18.0 -7.7
Madagascar 46.7 46.6 46.8 49.1 47.0 40.5 38.3 42.5 42.1 41.1 +0.6
Malawi 44.1 42.6 43.4 44.3 46.3 47.4 46.9 47.0 46.5 45.3 -2.1
Mali 50.7 49.3 50.2 50.4 55.4 47.4 47.4 48.0 44.3 43.7 -3.7
Mauritania 48.8 48.3 49.6 44.0 40.2 45.1 36.1 37.4 37.8 27.4 -17.6
Mauritius 71.6 71.8 71.0 72.8 77.3 77.4 76.2 74.9 74.7 74.6 -2.8
Morocco 42.7 43.3 41.3 43.0 42.5 41.7 41.9 40.4 41.2 42.9 +1.2
Mozambique 42.0 41.7 41.6 43.9 43.3 40.0 39.1 38.0 36.7 36.7 -3.3
Namibia 60.3 61.6 61.8 62.5 66.3 66.5 65.8 63.7 62.3 66.7 +0.2
Niger 38.4 39.3 39.3 39.0 40.6 39.0 38.8 41.6 37.4 44.3 +5.3
Nigeria 29.7 29.5 30.3 31.5 37.8 36.7 37.3 35.4 37.7 36.6 -0.1
Rwanda 61.6 61.2 59.9 58.6 62.5 64.0 66.3 64.4 63.5 62.8 -1.3
Senegal 49.6 48.4 44.4 42.1 43.4 39.5 40.2 42.9 45.0 47.9 +8.4
Seychelles 46.4 44.3 46.4 50.0 52.1 54.2 54.4 53.1 53.4 54.4 +0.2
Sierra Leone 30.3 29.7 28.9 30.5 37.8 39.4 41.6 41.6 42.4 41.1 +1.7
Somalia 5.0 4.9 4.9 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.0 0.0
South Africa 70.4 74.7 74.1 73.9 74.0 71.3 68.1 66.9 66.9 67.4 -3.9
Swaziland 39.8 39.8 41.7 42.3 45.5 44.0 44.0 39.9 39.5 47.2 +3.2
Tanzania 44.5 43.7 48.4 47.0 46.9 46.4 45.8 43.4 42.1 39.9 -6.5
Togo 27.1 29.1 28.0 29.3 30.6 32.0 39.1 36.3 38.0 36.6 +4.6
Tunisia 59.3 54.8 54.8 54.4 56.5 56.9 50.7 55.9 56.9 57.1 +0.2
Uganda 41.0 40.3 40.3 40.4 40.9 40.0 38.1 36.8 35.5 36.0 -4.0
Zambia 38.9 38.7 39.5 39.5 42.3 43.8 41.6 41.7 43.3 44.9 +1.1
Zimbabwe 23.8 24.1 23.3 22.7 21.1 19.5 20.4 22.1 21.6 23.6 +4.1
African Average 39.3 39.2 39.5 39.9 40.9 40.4 39.8 39.6 39.4 38.9 -1.5
Central Africa 23.3 24.1 24.4 25.0 25.7 25.6 25.9 25.9 26.5 25.6 +0.1
East Africa 37.7 37.1 37.6 37.5 38.1 37.7 37.2 36.2 35.8 35.6 -2.1
North Africa 43.4 42.3 42.7 42.3 41.7 41.5 38.8 38.8 38.9 37.2 -4.3
Southern Africa 48.8 49.4 49.5 50.6 52.0 51.2 49.9 49.3 49.1 50.4 -0.7
West Africa 39.6 39.5 39.7 40.0 41.9 41.3 41.4 41.8 41.3 40.0 -1.3

29
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
24 22 19 21 22 29 17 21 23 20 +9 Algeria
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 48 +2 Angola
26 26 24 14 17 23 23 26 29 26 -3 Benin
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Botswana
11 11 12 15 19 15 15 17 15 15 0 Burkina Faso
35 34 37 40 37 42 40 40 42 41 +1 Burundi
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 Cabo Verde
44 40 38 38 36 34 39 39 39 38 -4 Cameroon
49 48 48 48 44 48 46 46 45 49 -1 CAR
39 42 42 44 49 44 45 42 41 42 +2 Chad
31 31 29 29 34 32 32 33 33 33 -1 Comoros
46 45 45 45 47 47 43 43 43 43 +4 Congo
38 39 41 41 42 36 37 37 37 39 -3 Côte d'Ivoire
48 47 49 47 45 46 47 47 46 45 +1 DRC
43 44 44 42 41 35 35 38 38 36 -1 Djibouti
22 25 22 19 25 19 21 27 36 32 -13 Egypt
30 30 31 31 33 41 42 45 47 46 -5 Eritrea
25 24 27 26 23 21 26 25 22 25 -4 Ethiopia
34 32 32 34 38 40 36 36 34 34 +6 Gabon
19 20 18 25 29 38 38 31 32 35 +3 Gambia
9 8 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 8 0 Ghana
33 33 40 49 46 39 41 41 40 37 +2 Guinea
47 49 47 37 40 45 44 44 50 50 -5 Guinea-Bissau
18 18 20 23 28 30 29 23 20 18 +12 Kenya
8 7 6 6 7 6 7 8 8 6 0 Lesotho
40 41 33 32 30 13 13 12 11 27 -14 Liberia
41 43 43 43 43 43 48 49 44 47 -4 Libya
14 14 14 12 12 22 28 16 19 23 -1 Madagascar
17 19 17 16 14 11 12 13 12 13 -2 Malawi
10 10 10 10 10 12 11 11 14 17 -5 Mali
13 13 11 17 27 16 33 30 26 40 -24 Mauritania
2 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 Mauritius
20 17 25 20 20 20 18 22 21 19 +1 Morocco
21 21 23 18 18 24 24 28 31 28 -4 Mozambique
6 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 6 5 0 Namibia
29 28 30 30 26 28 27 20 30 16 +12 Niger
37 37 35 35 31 31 31 35 27 30 +1 Nigeria
5 6 7 7 6 7 5 5 5 7 0 Rwanda
12 12 16 24 16 26 22 15 13 11 +15 Senegal
15 15 15 11 11 10 9 10 10 10 0 Seychelles
36 36 36 36 32 27 19 19 17 22 +5 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
4 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 South Africa
27 27 21 22 15 17 16 24 24 12 +5 Swaziland
16 16 13 13 13 14 14 14 18 24 -10 Tanzania
42 38 39 39 39 37 25 34 25 29 +8 Togo
7 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 0 Tunisia
23 23 26 27 24 25 30 32 35 31 -6 Uganda
28 29 28 28 21 18 20 18 16 14 +4 Zambia
45 46 46 46 48 49 49 48 48 44 +5 Zimbabwe

30
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PERSONAL SAFETY | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 49.8 49.8 45.6 39.1 42.8 46.6 45.8 33.5 37.8 42.9 -3.7
Angola 41.1 43.1 45.2 39.0 49.4 39.0 45.2 39.9 38.7 37.5 -1.4
Benin 68.3 59.9 64.1 71.9 68.1 63.4 60.7 61.1 62.4 54.0 -9.5
Botswana 67.7 67.7 67.7 68.1 69.9 66.6 70.3 74.7 70.9 68.7 +2.1
Burkina Faso 73.1 71.0 66.8 56.4 57.3 59.3 57.7 44.5 49.2 52.5 -6.7
Burundi 44.8 44.8 46.9 44.2 34.1 30.7 32.6 32.2 31.3 31.8 +1.0
Cabo Verde 80.6 76.4 80.6 72.2 72.2 63.9 68.1 59.5 62.6 62.1 -1.8
Cameroon 36.5 32.4 36.5 40.7 34.8 34.6 29.4 34.3 39.2 40.8 +6.2
CAR 45.0 42.5 37.5 27.5 45.0 35.0 32.5 30.0 15.0 7.5 -27.5
Chad 45.7 47.8 43.6 26.2 22.5 16.6 23.3 25.8 27.0 26.4 +9.8
Comoros 60.0 60.0 60.0 45.0 60.0 65.0 65.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 -5.0
Congo 42.5 42.5 42.5 32.5 35.0 32.5 40.0 40.0 37.5 42.5 +10.0
Côte d'Ivoire 26.1 32.4 32.4 32.4 34.4 25.0 19.9 18.5 25.3 37.9 +12.9
DRC 15.0 22.5 22.5 20.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 17.5 6.3 10.0 -5.0
Djibouti 70.0 70.0 65.0 65.0 75.0 57.5 60.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 -7.5
Egypt 55.1 55.1 48.8 54.1 59.3 54.4 47.9 36.0 31.4 29.0 -25.5
Eritrea 62.5 65.0 60.0 60.0 52.5 45.0 45.0 40.0 37.5 37.5 -7.5
Ethiopia 42.1 46.3 48.3 46.8 47.9 43.4 45.6 48.6 52.1 52.0 +8.6
Gabon 48.7 48.7 48.7 52.9 48.7 40.4 48.7 57.1 57.1 56.3 +15.9
Gambia 65.8 61.7 61.7 60.3 65.0 51.1 50.4 53.8 47.9 48.7 -2.5
Ghana 63.9 57.6 55.5 55.5 55.5 47.3 50.9 52.3 54.6 54.5 +7.1
Guinea 50.3 44.0 46.1 33.6 27.4 25.3 29.4 29.4 33.6 29.2 +3.9
Guinea-Bissau 45.0 42.5 42.5 47.5 42.5 27.5 27.5 30.0 30.0 25.0 -2.5
Kenya 33.7 35.8 31.6 31.5 41.0 33.5 32.0 40.6 33.1 34.3 +0.7
Lesotho 51.2 51.2 51.2 47.8 52.0 48.3 48.2 49.6 52.1 49.7 +1.4
Liberia 35.7 37.7 39.8 54.4 56.5 48.2 52.3 48.2 46.1 44.6 -3.6
Libya 60.4 60.4 56.2 56.2 61.3 53.9 44.1 16.6 30.7 26.1 -27.7
Madagascar 48.5 52.7 52.7 53.8 59.5 35.7 34.5 22.9 28.6 38.8 +3.1
Malawi 50.0 52.0 60.4 62.5 54.1 56.5 54.6 49.0 46.2 52.0 -4.5
Mali 59.1 59.1 59.1 61.1 60.7 56.6 54.6 60.1 48.4 50.0 -6.5
Mauritania 42.5 46.7 42.5 39.7 32.7 19.2 38.6 32.0 35.1 31.3 +12.0
Mauritius 70.9 66.8 70.9 72.3 72.4 76.5 76.3 76.4 77.3 69.2 -7.3
Morocco 73.2 71.1 71.1 70.9 57.5 52.4 55.7 55.2 55.8 53.0 +0.6
Mozambique 59.2 59.2 59.2 58.2 49.4 51.0 42.7 56.8 51.9 44.6 -6.4
Namibia 50.5 50.5 50.5 55.8 60.6 61.9 60.8 61.0 55.0 54.5 -7.4
Niger 52.5 50.0 55.0 47.5 47.5 40.0 45.0 47.5 50.0 55.0 +15.0
Nigeria 11.0 15.2 15.2 18.0 15.9 24.6 22.4 25.2 17.9 16.5 -8.1
Rwanda 59.9 59.9 64.1 57.8 57.8 51.6 51.6 49.8 60.4 55.8 +4.2
Senegal 54.9 56.9 52.8 56.9 61.2 53.8 53.3 56.7 53.8 60.8 +6.9
Seychelles 69.8 74.0 74.0 74.0 69.8 65.7 69.8 65.7 63.6 64.5 -1.2
Sierra Leone 37.9 42.1 46.3 54.6 54.6 44.2 50.4 52.5 44.2 54.7 +10.5
Somalia 25.0 25.0 25.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 3.1 0.0 3.1 3.1 0.0
South Africa 38.9 34.8 34.8 32.2 29.8 30.6 29.0 36.1 30.6 30.4 -0.2
Swaziland 51.8 49.7 47.6 47.6 47.6 39.3 39.3 48.0 42.5 47.2 +7.9
Tanzania 47.3 49.4 51.5 51.9 57.6 54.9 47.3 51.3 50.5 45.9 -9.0
Togo 50.0 32.5 45.0 50.0 57.5 52.5 52.5 50.0 47.5 47.5 -5.0
Tunisia 64.7 66.8 64.7 64.0 63.3 60.8 56.5 36.9 43.9 43.6 -17.2
Uganda 43.2 41.2 43.2 44.5 47.0 43.3 48.2 48.0 49.6 49.1 +5.8
Zambia 45.9 50.0 50.0 52.5 46.3 46.8 42.5 50.3 49.6 51.1 +4.2
Zimbabwe 22.7 20.6 16.5 23.0 11.4 21.2 20.2 22.3 20.9 20.1 -1.1
African Average 50.6 50.5 50.5 49.1 49.5 44.7 45.2 44.1 43.5 43.6 -1.1
Central Africa 44.3 46.0 44.7 40.7 42.2 36.0 37.5 39.6 37.1 37.3 +1.3
East Africa 50.8 51.9 51.8 47.3 49.3 44.9 45.5 44.6 44.7 44.0 -0.9
North Africa 57.6 58.3 54.8 54.0 52.8 47.9 48.1 35.0 39.1 37.6 -10.2
Southern Africa 49.9 49.9 50.5 51.1 50.2 47.8 47.0 48.9 47.0 47.0 -0.8
West Africa 51.6 49.3 50.9 51.5 51.8 45.5 46.3 46.0 44.9 46.2 +0.7

31
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PERSONAL SAFETY | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
28 28 34 40 38 27 28 39 34 31 -4 Algeria
41 37 35 41 29 36 30 34 33 37 -1 Angola
8 14 10 5 7 7 8 5 6 14 -7 Benin
9 7 6 7 5 3 2 2 3 3 0 Botswana
4 5 7 17 21 10 10 29 22 16 -6 Burkina Faso
36 35 31 37 44 42 40 40 41 40 +2 Burundi
2 2 2 4 4 6 5 9 5 5 +1 Cabo Verde
45 47 45 38 42 39 44 38 32 33 +6 Cameroon
34 38 44 47 37 38 41 42 50 51 -13 CAR
33 32 38 48 48 50 47 45 46 45 +5 Chad
15 13 14 34 14 5 6 8 8 7 -2 Comoros
39 38 41 43 41 41 36 32 35 32 +9 Congo
48 48 47 44 43 46 50 49 47 36 +10 Côte d'Ivoire
51 50 50 50 49 51 51 50 51 50 +1 DRC
6 6 8 8 2 11 9 14 18 21 -10 Djibouti
19 20 27 23 16 15 25 37 40 44 -29 Egypt
13 10 14 13 26 28 31 32 35 38 -10 Eritrea
40 34 29 33 32 31 29 24 14 17 +14 Ethiopia
29 31 28 25 31 33 22 10 9 8 +25 Gabon
10 11 12 12 8 21 21 15 24 24 -3 Gambia
12 18 19 20 23 25 19 17 12 13 +12 Ghana
25 36 33 42 47 45 43 44 38 43 +2 Guinea
34 38 41 31 39 44 46 42 44 47 -3 Guinea-Bissau
47 44 48 46 40 40 42 31 39 39 +1 Kenya
23 23 24 29 27 23 24 22 15 22 +1 Lesotho
46 43 43 22 22 24 17 25 27 29 -5 Liberia
14 12 18 18 10 16 33 51 42 46 -30 Libya
30 21 22 24 15 37 39 47 45 35 +2 Madagascar
27 22 13 10 25 13 13 23 26 18 -5 Malawi
18 17 17 11 12 12 14 7 23 20 -8 Mali
38 33 40 39 45 49 38 41 37 41 +8 Mauritania
5 9 5 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 -1 Mauritius
3 4 4 6 19 19 12 13 10 15 +4 Morocco
17 16 16 14 30 22 34 11 16 28 -6 Mozambique
24 24 25 19 13 8 7 6 11 12 -4 Namibia
21 26 20 31 34 34 31 28 18 10 +24 Niger
52 52 52 51 50 47 48 46 49 49 -2 Nigeria
16 15 11 15 17 20 18 21 7 9 +11 Rwanda
20 19 21 16 11 17 15 12 13 6 +11 Senegal
7 3 3 2 6 4 3 4 4 4 0 Seychelles
44 41 32 21 24 30 20 16 28 11 +19 Sierra Leone
49 49 49 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
43 45 46 45 46 43 45 36 43 42 +1 South Africa
22 29 30 30 33 35 37 26 30 26 +9 Swaziland
31 30 23 27 18 14 27 18 17 27 -13 Tanzania
26 46 36 28 20 18 16 20 25 25 -7 Togo
11 8 9 9 9 9 11 35 29 30 -21 Tunisia
37 42 39 36 35 32 23 27 20 23 +9 Uganda
32 25 26 26 36 26 35 19 21 19 +7 Zambia
50 51 51 49 51 48 49 48 48 48 0 Zimbabwe

32
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW NATIONAL SECURITY | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 65.1 65.2 65.3 65.3 65.3 65.3 70.3 60.3 60.3 60.4 -4.9
Angola 60.1 71.1 71.7 67.0 79.3 63.7 70.7 81.0 84.1 84.3 +20.6
Benin 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 90.0 71.7 -23.3
Botswana 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 +5.0
Burkina Faso 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 80.0 90.0 90.0 86.6 -3.4
Burundi 38.4 41.7 42.9 59.7 50.1 69.2 65.2 65.5 64.0 61.0 -8.3
Cabo Verde 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 +0.0
Cameroon 84.8 84.7 84.7 84.7 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.6 84.7 79.7 -4.9
CAR 36.8 36.4 27.1 26.7 37.0 13.4 15.7 24.6 20.6 10.0 -3.4
Chad 51.3 48.3 49.0 48.1 43.4 49.2 59.4 63.5 63.4 58.1 +9.0
Comoros 85.0 84.9 84.9 69.9 79.7 79.8 84.7 84.7 89.6 89.6 +9.8
Congo 47.7 54.3 60.9 76.2 76.3 81.3 76.4 82.5 82.7 82.8 +1.5
Côte d'Ivoire 44.8 51.8 45.6 47.0 49.4 57.5 50.1 63.3 75.8 72.8 +15.3
DRC 35.1 42.1 40.6 32.3 34.4 40.4 47.1 52.3 32.7 30.0 -10.4
Djibouti 89.6 89.6 89.7 89.5 82.9 84.6 84.6 82.1 81.3 81.2 -3.4
Egypt 80.0 80.0 79.9 84.9 85.0 89.9 87.5 82.4 84.9 71.6 -18.4
Eritrea 43.8 43.9 41.3 42.3 37.3 49.2 54.2 56.8 59.3 59.3 +10.1
Ethiopia 55.4 55.0 51.7 51.8 51.6 51.2 53.9 53.9 56.4 61.4 +10.2
Gabon 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 94.9 94.9 84.9 84.9 89.9 -5.0
Gambia 84.7 84.3 84.5 79.5 79.5 79.3 84.3 84.2 84.0 84.0 +4.7
Ghana 94.6 94.5 94.7 94.9 94.7 89.7 89.5 89.5 86.1 82.9 -6.8
Guinea 75.9 75.9 78.8 78.9 79.0 74.1 89.2 79.3 89.3 86.0 +11.9
Guinea-Bissau 79.3 79.4 79.4 84.5 84.5 84.5 84.6 79.6 79.6 76.3 -8.3
Kenya 80.4 80.3 79.8 82.6 79.8 76.0 77.2 73.9 66.0 72.5 -3.5
Lesotho 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 +5.0
Liberia 30.0 43.6 47.3 57.9 71.0 67.0 67.7 78.4 84.5 82.0 +15.0
Libya 84.8 84.8 84.8 84.8 84.8 89.8 74.8 57.6 76.0 75.5 -14.3
Madagascar 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 90.0 85.0 80.0 80.0 90.0 +0.0
Malawi 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 90.0 -5.0
Mali 71.6 75.0 75.0 73.1 73.3 66.5 79.9 73.3 49.3 61.5 -5.0
Mauritania 79.3 79.4 79.2 79.5 62.6 63.8 72.5 72.3 80.0 76.8 +13.0
Mauritius 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 -0.0
Morocco 75.0 74.9 74.9 79.9 79.9 85.0 85.0 80.0 80.0 80.0 -5.0
Mozambique 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 85.0 73.3 -16.7
Namibia 94.6 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.7 94.8 94.7 99.7 99.7 94.7 -0.0
Niger 61.5 64.8 64.8 58.1 63.1 69.8 82.3 77.2 76.4 78.0 +8.3
Nigeria 70.9 84.3 83.4 82.4 71.4 63.8 79.5 66.9 62.6 58.2 -5.6
Rwanda 59.9 59.1 60.9 73.0 74.8 61.5 58.7 60.5 59.0 64.4 +2.9
Senegal 84.4 82.1 81.8 83.6 82.8 78.2 78.5 71.8 78.3 75.1 -3.0
Seychelles 99.7 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.7 99.8 99.9 +0.2
Sierra Leone 59.7 60.1 60.0 71.3 71.5 73.3 88.8 89.2 86.1 82.9 +9.5
Somalia 20.0 20.0 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 13.3 15.8 18.3 +5.0
South Africa 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 81.7 -8.3
Swaziland 85.0 85.0 85.0 90.0 85.0 85.0 85.0 92.5 90.0 90.0 +5.0
Tanzania 95.0 95.0 95.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 90.0 87.5 90.0 +0.0
Togo 83.8 79.7 82.2 87.7 88.2 88.0 88.0 88.0 88.1 85.2 -2.9
Tunisia 94.9 94.8 94.8 94.9 84.9 89.9 84.9 84.9 79.9 79.9 -9.9
Uganda 47.7 47.7 47.9 49.8 51.2 57.4 71.1 77.9 77.9 74.5 +17.2
Zambia 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 95.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 +0.0
Zimbabwe 69.4 54.5 54.4 54.4 54.3 64.0 54.0 60.3 66.7 78.1 +14.1
African Average 75.1 75.9 75.7 76.7 76.3 76.6 78.3 78.5 78.5 77.1 +0.5
Central Africa 65.6 66.9 66.5 67.2 68.2 67.3 69.1 71.5 69.2 66.9 -0.4
East Africa 65.0 65.2 64.3 65.6 64.6 66.5 68.4 68.9 68.8 70.2 +3.7
North Africa 79.8 79.9 79.8 81.5 77.1 80.6 79.2 72.9 76.9 74.0 -6.6
Southern Africa 88.3 87.9 88.0 88.0 88.2 87.7 87.9 90.7 90.9 89.3 +1.6
West Africa 75.1 77.4 77.5 78.9 79.6 78.4 82.5 81.7 81.3 78.9 +0.4

33
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW NATIONAL SECURITY | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
37 37 37 40 40 39 41 45 45 46 -7 Algeria
39 36 36 39 32 43 40 28 26 19 +24 Angola
10 10 8 8 8 7 8 10 11 40 -33 Benin
3 3 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 3 +2 Botswana
18 17 17 18 16 15 31 14 13 16 -1 Burkina Faso
48 50 48 41 46 36 43 41 42 45 -9 Burundi
1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 3 1 +1 Cabo Verde
23 23 23 24 24 25 27 23 24 29 -4 Cameroon
49 51 51 51 50 51 51 51 51 52 -1 CAR
43 45 44 47 48 49 44 42 43 49 0 Chad
21 21 21 38 30 29 25 22 15 15 +14 Comoros
44 43 39 34 34 28 36 25 28 23 +5 Congo
46 44 47 48 47 45 49 43 39 38 +7 Côte d'Ivoire
50 49 50 50 51 50 50 50 50 50 0 DRC
19 19 19 20 26 26 26 27 29 26 0 Djibouti
29 29 29 22 20 16 19 26 23 41 -25 Egypt
25 24 24 25 23 24 24 16 14 14 +10 Equatorial Guinea
47 47 49 49 49 48 46 48 46 47 +1 Eritrea
42 41 43 45 44 47 48 49 48 44 +3 Ethiopia
17 18 18 19 17 8 9 20 22 13 -5 Gabon
24 25 25 31 31 30 29 24 27 20 +10 Gambia
14 14 13 11 11 20 15 17 19 21 -1 Ghana
32 33 33 33 33 33 16 32 16 17 +16 Guinea
30 32 31 26 25 27 28 31 34 33 -6 Guinea-Bissau
28 28 30 28 29 32 35 36 41 39 -7 Kenya
15 15 15 14 12 10 12 7 7 5 +5 Lesotho
51 48 46 43 39 37 42 33 25 24 +13 Liberia
22 22 22 23 22 19 37 47 38 34 -15 Libya
6 6 6 6 5 13 20 29 31 9 +4 Madagascar
5 5 4 3 3 4 6 9 9 10 -6 Malawi
34 34 34 35 36 38 32 37 49 43 -5 Mali
31 31 32 32 42 42 38 38 30 32 +10 Mauritania
8 8 10 9 7 1 1 2 2 2 -1 Mauritius
33 35 35 30 28 23 22 30 32 27 -4 Morocco
4 4 5 5 13 11 11 12 21 37 -26 Mozambique
13 13 14 13 10 9 10 6 6 8 +1 Namibia
38 38 38 42 41 35 30 35 37 31 +4 Niger
35 26 26 29 38 41 33 40 44 48 -7 Nigeria
40 40 40 36 35 44 45 44 47 42 +2 Rwanda
26 27 28 27 27 31 34 39 35 35 -4 Senegal
2 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 5 4 -1 Seychelles
41 39 41 37 37 34 17 18 20 22 +12 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 51 +1 Somalia
16 16 16 15 14 12 5 8 8 25 -13 South Africa
20 20 20 16 19 22 21 11 12 12 +10 Swaziland
9 9 9 17 15 14 13 13 18 11 +3 Tanzania
27 30 27 21 18 21 18 19 17 18 +3 Togo
11 12 12 12 21 18 23 21 33 28 -10 Tunisia
45 46 45 46 45 46 39 34 36 36 +10 Uganda
7 7 7 7 6 6 7 1 1 6 0 Zambia
36 42 42 44 43 40 47 46 40 30 +10 Zimbabwe

34
Judicial Process
(EIUD EIU)
Sanctions
(SIA CDD)
Social Unrest
(EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power
(EIUD EIU)
Safety of the
Person
(EIUD EIU)
Judicial
Independence
Judicial
Independence
(BTI BS)
Judicial
Independence
(GCR WEF)
Judicial
Independence
(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Property Rights
(BTI BS)
Property Freedom
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights
(GCR WEF)
Cross-border
Tensions
(EIUD EIU)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in Rural
Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption
& Bureaucracy
(WGI WB)
Accountability
of Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Corruption in
Government
& Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of
Abuse of Office
(BTI BS)
Diversion of Public
Funds (GCR WEF)
Public Sector
Corruption Bodies
(AII GI)
Access to
Information
Public Information
(AII GI)
Access to
Legislative
Processes &
Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror
(PTS PTS)
Violent Crime
(EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking
(TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed
Conflict
(EIUD EIU)
Political Refugees
(OPD UNHCR)
Internally
Displaced People
(GOT IDMC)
18 indicators
Free & Fair
Executive Elections
(AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair
Elections (BTI BS)
Political
Participation
(DI EIU)
Effective Power
to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights
(FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance
in Education
(WDI WB)
Women's
Participation in
the Labour Force
(WDI WB)
Equal
Representation
in Rural Areas
(PBAS IFAD)
Women in
Parliament
(WDI WB)
Legislation on
Violence against
Women (GID-DB/
SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality
in the Workplace
(AII GI)
Gender Equality in
Appointments to
Cabinet (AII GI)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Human Rights
(EIUD EIU)
Freedom of
Expression
Freedom of
Expression (BTI BS)
Press Freedom
(FOTP FH)
Press Freedom
(WPFI RSF)
Freedom of
Association
& Assembly
Freedom of
Association &
Assembly (BTI BS)
Freedom of
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil
Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties
(FITW FH)
25 indicators
8 indicators
International
Human Rights
Conventions
(MTDSG UNOLA/
TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Police Services
(GCR WEF)
Government
Involvement in
Armed Conflict
(UCDP UCDP)
*Cluster within a
for data source and
Indicator
(Data source
and institution
acronym)
Clustered
indicator
Variable
(Data source
and institution
acronym)

35
(BBSC WB)
Public Resources
for Rural
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural
Research &
Extension Services
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input
& Produce Markets
(PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal
Framework
for Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between
Government
& Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy
Costs (GCR WEF)
Public
Administration
Public
Administration
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Diversification
(AEO AfDB/
OECD/UNDP/
UNECA)
Reserves
(CD EIU)
Budget
Management
Budget
Management
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total
Revenue to Total
Expenditure
(ASY AU/AfDB/
UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External
Debt Service
to Exports
(CD EIU)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Access to Financial
Companies
(AII GI)
Competitive
Environment
Competitive
Environment*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Competition
(BTI BS)
Competitive
Bidding (AII GI)
Investment
Climate
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Investment
Climate for Rural
Businesses
(PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial
Services
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red
Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs
Procedures
(GCR WEF)
Soundness
of Banks
(GCR WEF)
Electricity Supply
(GCR WEF)
Access to Land
(PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water
for Agriculture
(PBAS IFAD)
Welfare Regime
(BTI BS)
Education
Provision &
Quality (BTI BS)
Educational
System Quality
(GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils
to Teachers in
Primary School
(UIS UNESCO)
Primary School
Completion
(WDI WB)
Progression to
Secondary School
(WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment
(UIS UNESCO)
Literacy
(UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality
(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality
(CME IGME)
Social Protection
& Labour
Social Protection
& Labour
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion
(BTI BS)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public
Resource Use
Equity of Public
Resource Use
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Environmental
Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental
Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Immunisation
(Measles, DPT &
Hepatitis B)
Immunisation
against Measles
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against DPT
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against Hepatitis B
(GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral
Treatment
Provision
ART Provision
(AD UNAIDS)
ART Provision for
Pregnant Women
(AD UNAIDS)
Disease
(Malaria & TB)
Malaria
(GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis
(GHO WHO)
Undernourishment
(WDI WB)
Access to
Sanitation
Access to Improved
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Open Defecation
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Land & Water for
Low-income Rural
Populations
Road Network
(GCR WEF)
Rail Network
(EIUD EIU)
Air Transport
Quality of Air
Transport
(GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Safety (AII GI)
Telephone & IT
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
(EIUD EIU)
IT Infrastructure
(EIUD EIU)
Digital
Connectivity
Mobile Phone
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Household
Computers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Internet
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped
Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Access to
Improved Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
31 indicators
21 indicators

36
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 37.7 38.1 38.6 38.2 38.3 38.3 39.0 39.5 43.3 43.4 +5.1
Angola 29.4 30.2 31.4 34.9 40.3 43.1 43.1 41.6 43.0 37.3 -5.7
Benin 65.4 66.2 69.2 70.3 69.8 70.6 71.2 68.2 68.0 65.6 -5.0
Botswana 70.7 71.6 72.0 71.9 71.4 70.0 70.4 70.6 71.3 73.1 +3.1
Burkina Faso 50.3 51.8 52.7 54.4 54.9 55.0 54.8 52.9 52.9 53.2 -1.8
Burundi 37.8 44.7 49.6 53.6 52.1 52.1 47.3 47.1 48.0 49.6 -2.5
Cabo Verde 78.9 79.4 76.4 78.3 80.0 79.3 79.4 82.3 82.0 83.5 +4.2
Cameroon 37.4 36.7 36.5 36.9 38.5 35.9 36.9 37.2 37.6 39.3 +3.4
CAR 22.1 27.8 31.5 34.6 36.8 35.7 30.5 31.9 32.6 28.2 -7.4
Chad 29.8 29.1 26.3 25.0 24.4 24.4 24.9 27.0 27.7 28.1 +3.7
Comoros 46.2 46.5 55.6 53.1 56.7 56.6 53.7 54.4 54.4 53.8 -2.8
Congo 35.1 34.6 33.3 33.8 35.7 36.8 37.6 37.6 37.7 38.1 +1.3
Côte d'Ivoire 31.5 29.5 27.9 27.8 28.5 29.7 31.3 34.6 39.4 43.9 +14.2
DRC 25.8 26.7 33.1 36.6 36.5 36.9 37.1 35.4 33.4 32.6 -4.3
Djibouti 35.4 31.1 30.8 30.4 29.7 30.5 29.9 31.6 32.6 32.1 +1.6
Egypt 29.8 30.9 31.9 34.2 34.8 36.4 36.6 31.8 44.1 40.0 +3.6
Eritrea 26.0 27.3 26.5 25.6 24.5 23.8 24.2 24.2 24.2 22.8 -1.0
Ethiopia 35.8 36.4 36.1 35.7 35.4 36.9 36.3 37.1 36.5 36.7 -0.2
Gabon 38.4 36.6 36.8 39.9 40.4 41.0 42.1 43.8 43.9 42.0 +1.0
Gambia 49.1 47.5 46.9 46.5 46.9 43.4 41.8 38.4 37.7 36.4 -7.0
Ghana 67.7 69.8 70.5 70.6 71.1 71.6 72.3 72.0 70.9 73.6 +2.0
Guinea 33.2 32.9 32.4 32.7 31.0 31.4 41.5 48.7 43.9 43.2 +11.8
Guinea-Bissau 35.3 43.9 42.4 42.7 41.3 40.3 42.7 41.8 29.5 30.1 -10.2
Kenya 59.0 58.9 60.3 59.1 56.8 51.9 53.6 53.6 54.0 59.3 +7.4
Lesotho 60.1 61.8 61.7 64.4 62.6 61.1 60.8 60.0 66.1 69.9 +8.8
Liberia 30.0 38.8 45.1 50.8 52.4 53.9 54.9 53.6 53.9 55.4 +1.5
Libya 22.1 22.4 22.9 23.5 23.1 23.1 22.9 25.1 40.4 40.5 +17.5
Madagascar 64.5 65.2 61.8 61.3 59.8 48.2 46.1 46.1 45.2 51.0 +2.8
Malawi 53.3 53.3 54.9 54.7 53.6 56.7 58.8 57.6 60.4 62.9 +6.2
Mali 60.1 59.5 59.8 56.7 58.8 60.4 62.3 63.9 45.6 45.9 -14.5
Mauritania 47.6 48.0 49.7 55.8 42.8 43.0 43.6 46.7 46.7 40.1 -2.9
Mauritius 71.2 72.9 73.7 74.7 74.4 73.5 72.7 73.9 74.7 77.0 +3.5
Morocco 38.5 39.0 38.6 39.1 37.9 36.5 35.0 36.3 38.6 37.5 +1.0
Mozambique 62.1 62.9 62.9 61.7 61.7 60.2 60.1 58.8 60.9 60.7 +0.5
Namibia 74.0 75.4 74.7 74.4 72.8 70.8 72.3 73.5 74.1 75.0 +4.2
Niger 49.8 49.8 49.2 48.5 48.9 41.2 46.4 57.4 57.5 55.0 +13.7
Nigeria 45.7 45.9 45.4 45.4 43.2 42.6 44.6 45.8 48.5 48.9 +6.4
Rwanda 42.1 42.4 43.0 42.3 44.0 43.5 46.3 47.7 47.7 47.7 +4.3
Senegal 70.4 70.3 69.4 66.6 63.6 63.6 64.4 65.3 71.4 73.7 +10.1
Seychelles 68.4 67.8 69.9 67.6 67.5 69.0 70.2 69.5 70.0 74.1 +5.2
Sierra Leone 52.0 52.4 52.2 57.3 60.0 56.5 58.1 58.2 58.3 57.4 +0.9
Somalia 10.0 10.0 8.7 8.0 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.3 9.3 10.7 +2.5
South Africa 76.2 77.4 76.9 77.9 76.5 76.5 76.3 76.1 75.9 74.4 -2.1
Swaziland 32.3 32.8 32.5 32.0 32.6 33.2 33.4 32.6 33.9 31.0 -2.2
Tanzania 67.1 69.1 69.3 70.9 68.4 67.6 68.2 68.9 68.7 65.5 -2.1
Togo 30.1 30.5 31.1 33.9 38.0 41.7 43.8 44.5 43.7 43.8 +2.1
Tunisia 36.1 36.8 36.9 36.0 36.8 35.7 36.1 50.0 55.2 60.6 +24.9
Uganda 55.4 54.9 57.0 60.3 59.7 60.2 60.9 61.2 61.2 58.4 -1.8
Zambia 52.4 52.2 55.3 56.3 55.5 55.7 57.5 57.3 60.5 60.4 +4.6
Zimbabwe 33.2 33.2 31.8 30.3 29.7 31.7 32.5 34.5 35.1 37.0 +5.3
African Average 46.1 46.8 47.4 48.1 47.9 47.5 48.1 49.0 49.7 49.9 +2.4
Central Africa 33.9 34.2 34.9 36.2 36.7 36.8 36.9 38.0 37.9 37.6 +0.7
East Africa 43.9 44.5 46.1 46.0 45.7 45.5 45.4 45.8 46.1 46.4 +0.9
North Africa 35.3 35.9 36.5 37.8 35.6 35.5 35.6 38.2 44.7 43.7 +8.2
Southern Africa 56.6 57.4 57.5 57.9 57.6 56.7 57.0 56.9 58.4 59.1 +2.4
West Africa 50.0 51.2 51.4 52.2 52.5 52.1 54.0 55.2 53.5 54.0 +1.9

37
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
31 32 32 33 34 34 35 35 34 31 +3 Algeria
46 44 44 38 32 27 30 34 35 40 -13 Angola
10 10 10 8 7 6 6 9 10 11 -5 Benin
5 5 5 5 5 7 7 6 6 8 -1 Botswana
21 21 21 22 21 20 20 23 23 23 -3 Burkina Faso
30 27 24 23 24 22 23 27 25 25 -3 Burundi
1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Cabo Verde
32 34 35 34 33 40 38 38 41 37 +3 Cameroon
50 47 43 39 38 42 46 45 46 48 -6 CAR
45 46 49 49 49 48 49 49 50 49 -1 Chad
25 25 18 24 19 17 21 20 20 22 -5 Comoros
37 37 37 42 40 37 36 37 40 38 -1 Congo
41 45 47 47 47 47 45 42 37 29 +18 Côte d'Ivoire
48 49 38 35 39 36 37 41 45 44 -8 DRC
35 41 46 45 45 46 47 47 47 45 +1 Djibouti
44 42 41 40 42 39 39 46 30 36 +3 Egypt
47 48 48 48 48 50 50 51 51 51 -1 Eritrea
34 36 36 37 41 35 40 39 42 42 -7 Ethiopia
29 35 34 31 31 32 32 32 32 33 -1 Gabon
23 24 26 27 26 26 33 36 39 43 -17 Gambia
8 7 6 7 6 4 4 5 7 7 -3 Ghana
39 39 40 43 44 45 34 25 31 32 +13 Guinea
36 28 30 29 30 33 31 33 48 47 -14 Guinea-Bissau
16 15 14 16 18 23 22 21 21 17 +6 Kenya
13 13 13 11 11 11 13 14 11 9 +2 Lesotho
43 31 28 25 23 21 19 22 22 20 +1 Liberia
51 51 51 50 50 51 51 50 36 34 +17 Libya
11 11 12 13 14 24 26 29 29 24 0 Madagascar
18 18 20 21 22 16 16 17 16 13 +3 Malawi
14 14 15 18 17 12 11 11 28 28 -16 Mali
24 23 23 20 29 28 29 28 27 35 -7 Mauritania
4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 +1 Mauritius
28 30 31 32 36 38 42 40 38 39 -1 Morocco
12 12 11 12 12 13 15 15 14 14 -1 Mozambique
3 3 3 4 4 5 5 4 4 3 +2 Namibia
22 22 25 26 25 31 24 18 18 21 +10 Niger
26 26 27 28 28 29 27 30 24 26 +3 Nigeria
27 29 29 30 27 25 25 26 26 27 -2 Rwanda
6 6 8 10 10 10 10 10 5 6 +4 Senegal
7 9 7 9 9 8 8 7 8 5 +3 Seychelles
20 19 22 17 13 18 17 16 17 19 -1 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 -2 South Africa
40 40 39 44 43 43 43 44 44 46 -3 Swaziland
9 8 9 6 8 9 9 8 9 12 -3 Tanzania
42 43 45 41 35 30 28 31 33 30 0 Togo
33 33 33 36 37 41 41 24 19 15 +26 Tunisia
17 17 17 14 15 14 12 13 13 18 -4 Uganda
19 20 19 19 20 19 18 19 15 16 +3 Zambia
38 38 42 46 46 44 44 43 43 41 +3 Zimbabwe

38
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS PARTICIPATION | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 28.5 28.5 27.4 25.5 24.8 21.3 22.7 22.7 27.7 30.0 +8.7
Angola 6.2 6.2 7.3 12.0 22.2 29.6 30.3 30.3 37.0 34.8 +5.2
Benin 70.8 70.8 79.1 79.9 81.7 83.5 84.2 75.3 74.2 73.1 -10.4
Botswana 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 79.8 77.1 77.9 77.9 79.6 78.5 +1.3
Burkina Faso 45.7 49.1 50.2 51.3 50.2 48.4 46.8 46.8 45.7 47.4 -0.9
Burundi 16.6 34.1 45.2 59.7 58.6 57.5 43.6 41.4 42.5 43.6 -13.9
Cabo Verde 86.6 86.6 75.5 79.1 82.7 82.7 82.7 96.1 96.1 96.1 +13.5
Cameroon 26.8 26.8 25.7 23.9 23.2 23.9 24.6 24.6 26.0 27.5 +3.6
CAR 4.8 19.8 28.6 39.0 42.6 44.1 25.1 25.1 25.4 17.6 -26.5
Chad 16.7 16.7 12.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 13.1 15.3 17.6 +9.8
Comoros 35.9 35.9 62.3 59.1 67.0 67.0 57.3 59.7 59.7 59.8 -7.3
Congo 24.0 24.0 20.7 22.1 23.5 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 0.0
Côte d'Ivoire 26.6 20.8 16.3 14.5 16.0 14.2 22.4 33.6 45.0 51.7 +37.5
DRC 9.3 9.3 27.1 34.8 32.6 35.1 36.6 31.0 25.4 19.9 -15.3
Djibouti 35.3 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 24.2 18.6 19.2 19.2 24.0 -0.2
Egypt 20.5 23.0 24.1 27.3 28.3 25.1 23.0 15.1 50.3 42.8 +17.7
Eritrea 7.3 7.3 6.2 5.1 4.0 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.0
Ethiopia 35.0 33.4 33.4 33.4 32.3 30.4 26.4 27.8 26.7 27.0 -3.4
Gabon 31.7 24.8 24.8 27.1 29.5 33.5 34.7 34.7 34.7 37.0 +3.6
Gambia 50.9 45.4 44.0 44.0 44.0 39.2 34.5 24.8 24.8 24.8 -14.5
Ghana 74.7 78.1 79.2 80.3 81.7 81.3 82.0 82.0 78.7 80.1 -1.2
Guinea 18.2 18.2 18.2 19.6 11.9 8.5 37.2 46.8 43.8 40.8 +32.3
Guinea-Bissau 45.2 75.7 70.2 65.4 60.7 44.6 41.0 41.0 15.1 12.7 -31.9
Kenya 69.5 69.5 69.5 61.2 56.7 50.9 49.5 49.5 51.7 65.7 +14.8
Lesotho 60.3 60.3 60.3 62.5 64.0 61.3 62.1 62.1 77.9 82.4 +21.0
Liberia 10.9 31.8 47.3 61.0 63.5 68.2 71.7 65.1 65.1 65.1 -3.1
Libya 2.8 2.8 4.0 5.1 4.0 2.8 2.8 5.1 43.3 53.3 +50.5
Madagascar 78.7 78.7 69.0 66.7 61.2 38.4 28.1 20.6 20.6 36.4 -1.9
Malawi 53.6 53.6 55.8 57.3 54.4 58.5 61.7 64.2 64.2 64.2 +5.8
Mali 70.7 70.7 70.7 67.4 67.4 69.5 71.6 73.1 33.9 44.2 -25.3
Mauritania 42.6 37.6 40.9 60.1 28.7 24.3 26.6 33.9 31.7 29.5 +5.2
Mauritius 85.9 88.4 90.6 92.8 89.5 86.2 81.7 83.9 83.9 83.9 -2.2
Morocco 22.7 22.7 23.8 24.2 21.3 18.3 17.6 19.0 21.6 22.7 +4.4
Mozambique 66.7 66.7 66.7 68.1 68.4 61.5 60.4 59.2 59.2 60.7 -0.8
Namibia 83.5 83.5 83.5 83.5 80.1 73.5 74.6 75.7 77.9 80.1 +6.7
Niger 62.0 62.0 62.0 61.3 60.6 44.3 47.1 70.5 69.3 68.2 +24.0
Nigeria 47.2 47.2 47.2 46.6 37.4 33.0 36.3 38.8 45.5 52.2 +19.2
Rwanda 20.7 20.7 21.8 22.2 20.4 19.3 19.0 17.9 19.3 19.3 +0.0
Senegal 79.1 79.1 78.0 68.5 63.0 61.5 62.2 63.6 73.9 75.0 +13.5
Seychelles 68.8 68.8 75.7 75.7 75.7 78.1 80.5 70.7 70.7 70.8 -7.3
Sierra Leone 61.7 61.7 61.7 70.0 68.9 65.6 63.5 63.5 64.3 61.0 -4.6
Somalia 6.2 6.2 2.8 2.8 2.8 4.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 2.8 -1.5
South Africa 91.9 91.9 88.5 88.5 85.2 81.9 80.7 79.6 79.6 81.1 -0.8
Swaziland 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 11.9 11.9 11.9 +2.4
Tanzania 61.0 65.2 66.3 67.4 64.1 61.4 63.4 65.6 67.1 65.6 +4.3
Togo 18.6 20.3 19.2 22.8 26.5 30.9 34.7 34.7 33.5 35.8 +4.9
Tunisia 19.3 19.3 19.3 16.7 18.5 18.1 17.4 52.9 65.1 61.5 +43.5
Uganda 41.4 41.4 43.6 48.5 48.9 51.4 51.7 51.4 50.0 46.7 -4.7
Zambia 43.8 43.8 55.2 60.8 58.8 58.4 60.2 69.5 69.5 69.5 +11.0
Zimbabwe 23.9 23.9 22.7 21.6 20.8 23.4 22.7 24.1 22.7 27.7 +4.3
African Average 41.7 43.0 44.4 45.8 44.7 43.1 42.9 44.6 46.0 47.0 +3.8
Central Africa 23.0 24.0 26.2 28.5 29.3 31.3 29.3 30.4 30.2 29.3 -2.0
East Africa 36.2 37.0 41.0 41.8 41.3 40.7 38.0 37.4 37.8 38.9 -1.7
North Africa 22.7 22.3 23.2 26.5 20.9 18.3 18.3 24.8 40.0 40.0 +21.6
Southern Africa 57.0 57.2 57.4 58.6 57.8 54.9 54.2 54.9 57.0 59.3 +4.3
West Africa 51.3 54.5 54.6 55.4 54.4 51.7 54.5 57.0 53.9 55.2 +3.5

39
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS PARTICIPATION | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
31 31 32 35 36 41 41 41 35 35 +6 Algeria
48 49 48 46 40 34 32 34 30 34 0 Angola
9 10 6 5 4 2 1 7 8 10 -8 Benin
5 5 4 6 7 7 7 5 4 7 0 Botswana
22 21 23 26 25 23 23 25 24 25 -2 Burkina Faso
43 28 26 23 22 20 24 26 29 28 -8 Burundi
2 3 9 7 3 3 2 1 1 1 +2 Cabo Verde
32 32 34 38 39 39 38 39 37 38 +1 Cameroon
51 42 31 30 28 26 37 37 40 46 -20 CAR
42 45 46 48 49 49 49 48 47 47 +2 Chad
27 27 17 24 12 11 19 19 19 21 -10 Comoros
34 35 41 41 38 35 36 36 37 40 -5 Congo
33 39 45 45 45 45 42 32 26 24 +21 Côte d'Ivoire
46 47 33 31 30 29 27 33 39 44 -15 DRC
28 34 36 36 37 38 44 43 46 42 -4 Djibouti
38 37 37 33 34 36 39 46 22 29 +7 Egypt
47 48 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 51 0 Eritrea
29 29 30 32 31 33 35 35 36 39 -6 Ethiopia
30 33 35 34 32 30 29 29 31 31 -1 Gabon
20 23 27 29 27 27 31 38 41 41 -14 Gambia
8 8 5 4 4 5 3 3 5 6 -1 Ghana
41 44 44 43 46 48 26 24 27 30 +18 Guinea
23 9 11 16 19 24 25 27 48 49 -25 Guinea-Bissau
11 12 12 19 23 22 21 23 21 14 +8 Kenya
18 19 20 17 15 17 15 18 6 3 +14 Lesotho
44 30 24 20 16 10 9 14 16 16 -6 Liberia
52 52 51 50 50 51 51 51 28 22 +29 Libya
7 7 13 14 18 28 33 42 44 32 -4 Madagascar
19 20 21 25 24 18 16 15 18 17 +1 Malawi
10 11 10 13 11 9 10 9 32 27 -18 Mali
25 26 29 22 33 37 34 31 34 36 +1 Mauritania
3 2 1 1 1 1 4 2 2 2 -1 Mauritius
36 38 38 37 41 43 45 44 43 43 0 Morocco
13 14 14 11 10 15 17 20 20 20 -5 Mozambique
4 4 3 3 6 8 8 6 6 5 +3 Namibia
15 17 18 18 20 25 22 11 13 13 +12 Niger
21 22 25 28 29 31 28 28 25 23 +8 Nigeria
37 40 40 40 43 42 43 45 45 45 -3 Rwanda
6 6 7 10 17 14 14 16 10 8 +6 Senegal
12 13 8 8 8 6 6 10 11 11 -5 Seychelles
16 18 19 9 9 13 12 17 17 19 -6 Sierra Leone
48 49 52 52 52 50 50 50 51 52 -2 Somalia
1 1 2 2 2 4 5 4 3 4 0 South Africa
45 46 47 47 47 47 48 49 50 50 -3 Swaziland
17 15 15 12 14 16 13 13 14 15 +1 Tanzania
40 41 43 39 35 32 30 30 33 33 -1 Togo
39 43 42 44 44 44 46 21 15 18 +26 Tunisia
26 25 28 27 26 21 20 22 23 26 -5 Uganda
24 24 22 21 21 19 18 12 12 12 +7 Zambia
35 36 39 42 42 40 40 40 42 37 +3 Zimbabwe

40
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS RIGHTS | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 49.5 50.8 51.7 51.7 53.2 55.5 54.6 54.6 56.3 54.5 -0.9
Angola 31.2 32.4 32.8 38.8 40.5 40.9 42.3 42.6 41.7 35.8 -5.0
Benin 78.1 80.2 80.4 80.6 75.2 74.7 75.1 75.3 75.5 69.3 -5.4
Botswana 68.4 67.9 69.0 68.9 68.9 67.7 68.3 68.9 69.2 68.5 +0.8
Burkina Faso 59.1 60.9 62.1 64.2 65.2 68.3 70.4 66.6 68.5 65.8 -2.6
Burundi 40.1 41.1 43.1 40.6 38.8 36.3 36.4 36.7 36.6 38.6 +2.3
Cabo Verde 83.4 84.4 84.8 84.9 84.9 83.9 84.0 80.1 79.0 84.0 +0.1
Cameroon 36.3 36.6 36.8 40.2 42.8 37.1 37.0 36.9 36.4 36.6 -0.5
CAR 28.9 31.8 33.0 32.1 35.0 29.0 29.6 31.1 32.5 27.9 -1.1
Chad 39.6 38.6 34.4 35.0 35.4 34.7 36.9 37.8 37.3 29.1 -5.7
Comoros 63.1 62.7 62.6 57.9 62.3 62.3 62.6 63.6 63.5 63.5 +1.2
Congo 38.5 37.9 36.8 36.8 37.4 38.0 39.0 38.9 38.8 38.6 +0.7
Côte d'Ivoire 28.7 29.0 29.2 31.4 32.2 37.2 35.6 35.6 40.6 46.2 +9.1
DRC 29.3 31.4 33.4 36.2 35.3 35.5 35.5 35.3 34.4 32.7 -2.8
Djibouti 28.0 27.8 27.8 27.4 27.3 27.3 30.4 33.4 35.5 31.3 +4.0
Egypt 34.5 35.1 37.0 38.2 38.8 43.4 43.9 41.3 42.7 41.3 -2.1
Eritrea 10.6 12.7 11.4 10.3 10.3 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 0.0
Ethiopia 33.9 33.3 31.8 30.6 31.9 35.0 33.4 32.2 31.2 28.8 -6.3
Gabon 46.1 46.0 45.7 51.8 50.7 47.1 47.4 50.4 50.3 47.1 -0.0
Gambia 32.1 32.0 31.5 31.2 31.2 26.6 27.6 28.7 26.2 26.2 -0.4
Ghana 75.5 76.4 77.0 77.2 77.0 77.6 78.0 78.2 78.8 78.1 +0.5
Guinea 35.3 35.8 34.7 34.7 34.5 38.3 38.1 51.0 41.4 41.5 +3.2
Guinea-Bissau 26.0 27.2 27.1 26.3 27.8 40.0 43.4 43.4 31.7 39.2 -0.8
Kenya 47.3 47.6 51.7 55.7 53.8 49.3 54.1 56.2 54.8 51.1 +1.8
Lesotho 57.9 58.9 58.9 58.6 51.3 51.3 52.4 52.3 54.1 60.9 +9.5
Liberia 45.4 46.2 48.5 51.0 52.2 47.4 47.9 48.2 48.9 48.1 +0.8
Libya 32.4 32.4 32.7 33.3 33.3 33.3 31.8 36.0 42.7 37.9 +4.6
Madagascar 61.8 64.0 63.1 63.5 65.7 49.6 49.4 53.5 49.9 49.2 -0.5
Malawi 52.7 52.6 54.3 52.4 52.2 54.1 54.3 48.0 56.1 61.6 +7.5
Mali 76.8 77.7 77.7 70.8 75.5 75.1 75.2 75.2 61.9 54.4 -20.7
Mauritania 48.2 51.6 51.8 48.8 40.6 45.4 42.8 46.0 49.1 47.4 +1.9
Mauritius 77.8 78.0 77.5 78.7 78.1 77.5 77.5 77.6 80.1 81.7 +4.3
Morocco 46.5 46.7 46.0 45.3 44.8 45.1 44.6 46.7 51.5 53.5 +8.4
Mozambique 65.8 66.0 65.6 60.5 60.1 58.5 56.2 49.2 52.4 53.6 -5.0
Namibia 67.7 68.2 66.6 68.0 67.1 66.9 67.8 68.9 68.4 73.3 +6.4
Niger 54.7 55.5 54.1 49.8 50.0 45.0 54.1 60.8 64.2 68.1 +23.1
Nigeria 49.8 49.6 47.4 47.5 52.0 53.7 55.8 55.7 55.0 49.0 -4.8
Rwanda 36.4 36.3 35.6 34.9 39.5 35.2 38.4 39.7 37.7 36.3 +1.1
São Tomé & Príncipe 71.0 70.7 70.7 71.0 71.0 71.0 70.7 70.7 71.0 71.0 0.0
Senegal 73.4 71.7 69.6 67.3 66.3 64.2 65.9 67.3 69.6 74.7 +10.5
Seychelles 63.2 63.0 63.0 58.1 58.1 59.3 60.6 61.6 62.7 62.8 +3.6
Sierra Leone 57.6 58.6 57.1 60.0 68.6 59.8 65.5 65.3 64.8 64.2 +4.4
Somalia 11.5 11.5 10.8 10.3 9.6 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.2 7.3 -1.6
South Africa 71.3 72.2 73.3 74.5 71.4 71.4 71.3 71.2 70.6 67.8 -3.6
Swaziland 40.4 41.7 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 35.8 39.9 29.7 -11.0
Tanzania 65.4 65.5 64.8 68.6 67.5 68.6 68.8 68.7 68.5 63.2 -5.4
Togo 36.1 36.8 38.8 41.6 49.9 55.6 56.7 56.8 55.1 52.6 -2.9
Tunisia 34.9 34.7 34.7 34.8 36.2 32.3 34.3 40.8 44.2 59.3 +26.9
Uganda 57.2 56.5 58.5 62.8 61.9 59.9 59.5 57.8 59.5 56.9 -3.0
Zambia 65.8 65.9 63.3 60.8 63.5 62.1 63.8 53.3 62.1 60.6 -1.5
Zimbabwe 25.5 23.3 20.3 19.3 18.9 20.8 21.4 21.9 24.4 30.2 +9.4
African Average 48.3 48.8 48.7 48.8 49.1 48.5 49.3 49.7 50.0 49.4 +0.9
Central Africa 38.8 39.2 38.9 40.4 40.6 38.7 39.1 39.8 39.7 36.7 -2.0
East Africa 41.5 41.6 41.9 41.6 41.9 41.0 42.0 42.5 42.5 40.8 -0.2
North Africa 41.0 41.9 42.3 42.0 41.1 42.5 42.0 44.2 47.7 49.0 +6.5
Southern Africa 57.2 57.6 57.1 57.1 56.5 55.1 55.5 53.6 55.7 56.1 +0.9
West Africa 54.1 54.8 54.7 54.6 56.2 56.5 58.2 59.2 57.4 57.4 +0.9

41
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS RIGHTS | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
24 24 24 24 21 20 21 21 19 21 -1 Algeria
43 41 42 34 33 32 33 33 34 41 -9 Angola
2 2 2 2 5 5 5 4 4 7 -2 Benin
9 10 9 8 8 10 10 9 8 8 +2 Botswana
17 17 17 12 14 9 8 12 10 11 -2 Burkina Faso
31 31 30 32 35 39 40 40 41 37 +2 Burundi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 Cabo Verde
35 35 35 33 30 38 38 39 42 39 -1 Cameroon
45 44 41 43 41 46 47 47 45 48 -2 CAR
32 32 39 38 39 43 39 38 40 46 -3 Chad
15 16 16 20 16 13 15 14 14 13 0 Comoros
33 33 34 36 37 36 35 37 38 36 0 Congo
46 46 46 44 44 37 41 43 36 32 +5 Côte d'Ivoire
44 45 40 37 40 40 42 44 44 42 -2 DRC
47 47 47 47 48 47 46 45 43 43 +4 Djibouti
39 38 33 35 36 31 30 34 32 34 -3 Egypt
52 51 51 52 51 52 52 52 52 51 +1 Eritrea
40 40 44 46 45 42 44 46 47 47 -5 Ethiopia
28 29 29 23 26 27 28 26 27 31 -4 Gabon
42 43 45 45 46 48 48 48 48 49 -1 Gambia
5 5 5 4 3 2 2 2 3 3 -1 Ghana
37 37 38 41 42 35 37 25 35 33 +2 Guinea
48 48 48 48 47 34 31 32 46 35 -1 Guinea-Bissau
26 26 25 21 20 25 23 19 23 26 -1 Kenya
18 18 18 18 25 23 25 24 24 17 +6 Lesotho
29 28 26 25 22 26 27 28 30 29 -3 Liberia
41 42 43 42 43 44 45 41 33 38 +6 Libya
16 14 14 13 13 24 26 22 28 27 -3 Madagascar
22 22 21 22 23 21 22 29 20 16 +5 Malawi
4 4 3 7 4 4 4 5 17 22 -18 Mali
25 23 23 27 32 28 32 31 29 30 -2 Mauritania
3 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 1 2 +1 Mauritius
27 27 28 29 29 29 29 30 26 24 +5 Morocco
11 11 11 16 18 18 19 27 25 23 -5 Mozambique
10 9 10 10 11 11 11 8 11 5 +6 Namibia
21 21 22 26 27 30 24 16 13 9 +21 Niger
23 25 27 28 24 22 20 20 22 28 -6 Nigeria
34 36 36 39 34 41 36 36 39 40 +1 Rwanda
6 7 8 11 12 12 12 11 7 4 +8 Senegal
14 15 15 19 19 17 16 15 15 15 +2 Seychelles
19 19 20 17 9 16 13 13 12 12 +4 Sierra Leone
51 52 52 51 52 51 51 51 51 52 -1 Somalia
7 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 10 -4 South Africa
30 30 31 31 31 33 34 42 37 45 -12 Swaziland
13 13 12 9 10 8 9 10 9 14 -6 Tanzania
36 34 32 30 28 19 18 18 21 25 -6 Togo
38 39 37 40 38 45 43 35 31 19 +26 Tunisia
20 20 19 14 17 15 17 17 18 20 -5 Uganda
12 12 13 15 15 14 14 23 16 18 -4 Zambia
49 49 50 50 49 49 49 49 49 44 +5 Zimbabwe

42
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS GENDER | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 35.0 35.1 36.8 37.2 37.0 38.1 39.7 41.1 45.8 45.8 +7.6
Angola 50.7 52.1 54.2 54.0 58.3 58.8 56.6 52.0 50.5 41.4 -17.4
Benin 47.3 47.6 48.0 50.6 52.4 53.7 54.5 54.0 54.5 54.5 +0.8
Botswana 64.0 67.2 67.2 67.1 65.7 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 72.3 +7.3
Burkina Faso 46.0 45.4 45.8 47.7 49.2 48.4 47.2 45.4 44.4 46.4 -2.0
Burundi 56.8 58.7 60.4 60.6 58.8 62.5 62.1 63.3 64.9 66.7 +4.2
Cabo Verde 66.7 67.2 68.9 70.9 72.3 71.2 71.4 70.8 70.8 70.2 -1.0
Cameroon 49.0 46.8 46.8 46.5 49.7 46.7 49.2 50.1 50.3 53.9 +7.2
CAR 32.8 32.0 32.7 32.7 32.7 33.8 36.8 39.4 39.9 39.1 +5.3
Chad 33.0 32.2 32.2 32.2 30.0 30.8 30.1 30.2 30.4 37.7 +6.9
Comoros 39.6 40.8 42.1 42.4 40.7 40.3 41.4 39.9 40.2 38.1 -2.3
Congo 42.8 42.0 42.3 42.4 46.1 46.2 47.7 47.8 48.2 49.6 +3.3
Côte d'Ivoire 39.2 38.7 38.1 37.7 37.1 37.7 35.9 34.5 32.6 33.7 -3.9
DRC 38.7 39.5 38.8 38.7 41.6 40.1 39.1 40.0 40.3 45.2 +5.2
Djibouti 42.9 41.3 40.5 39.5 37.7 40.0 40.6 42.2 42.9 40.9 +0.9
Egypt 34.5 34.5 34.6 37.0 37.2 40.7 42.9 38.9 39.2 35.8 -4.8
Eritrea 59.9 61.8 61.9 61.3 59.4 60.0 61.3 61.3 61.1 56.9 -3.1
Ethiopia 38.5 42.4 43.1 43.1 42.0 45.3 48.9 51.4 51.7 54.3 +9.0
Gabon 37.3 39.1 39.9 40.9 40.9 42.4 44.4 46.2 46.6 41.8 -0.6
Gambia 64.3 65.2 65.1 64.3 65.5 64.3 63.2 61.6 62.2 58.3 -6.1
Ghana 52.9 55.0 55.2 54.3 54.6 56.0 56.9 55.8 55.3 62.7 +6.7
Guinea 46.0 44.6 44.3 43.9 46.6 47.5 49.2 48.4 46.3 47.4 -0.1
Guinea-Bissau 34.7 28.7 29.9 36.2 35.5 36.2 43.6 41.0 41.8 38.5 +2.3
Kenya 60.2 59.7 59.8 60.4 59.8 55.7 57.3 55.2 55.5 61.2 +5.5
Lesotho 62.3 66.2 65.9 72.1 72.4 70.5 68.0 65.6 66.3 66.3 -4.1
Liberia 33.5 38.4 39.5 40.5 41.6 46.3 45.0 47.5 47.6 53.0 +6.8
Libya 31.1 32.0 32.1 32.1 32.1 33.1 34.0 34.2 35.2 30.4 -2.7
Madagascar 53.0 53.0 53.2 53.6 52.4 56.6 60.7 64.2 65.0 67.4 +10.8
Malawi 53.8 53.7 54.4 54.5 54.2 57.5 60.5 60.7 61.0 62.9 +5.4
Mali 32.8 30.0 30.9 32.0 33.4 36.7 40.1 43.5 41.1 39.0 +2.3
Mauritania 52.1 54.8 56.6 58.7 59.3 59.4 61.5 60.0 59.3 43.5 -15.9
Mauritius 49.9 52.2 52.9 52.8 55.5 56.9 58.8 60.1 60.1 65.3 +8.4
Morocco 46.2 47.7 46.1 47.7 47.7 46.0 43.0 43.2 42.7 36.3 -9.7
Mozambique 53.9 56.2 56.5 56.6 56.6 60.7 63.7 67.9 71.1 67.9 +7.2
Namibia 70.9 74.5 74.1 71.8 71.2 71.9 74.5 76.0 75.8 71.6 -0.3
Niger 32.7 31.9 31.3 34.4 36.1 34.5 38.0 41.0 39.0 28.6 -5.9
Nigeria 40.2 40.8 41.7 42.1 40.2 41.0 41.6 42.8 44.9 45.7 +4.7
Rwanda 69.1 70.2 71.5 69.7 72.0 75.9 81.5 85.5 86.1 87.6 +11.7
Senegal 58.7 60.1 60.6 64.0 61.4 65.1 65.2 65.1 70.7 71.4 +6.3
Seychelles 73.3 71.5 71.0 69.0 68.6 69.5 69.6 76.1 76.6 88.7 +19.2
Sierra Leone 36.8 36.9 37.8 41.9 42.5 44.0 45.4 45.9 45.8 46.9 +3.0
Somalia 12.4 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.5 11.7 11.1 10.6 13.1 22.1 +10.5
South Africa 65.5 68.0 68.7 70.7 72.8 76.2 76.9 77.3 77.4 74.3 -2.0
Swaziland 47.0 47.1 47.1 45.7 47.5 49.4 49.9 50.1 50.1 51.5 +2.1
Tanzania 74.9 76.7 76.7 76.7 73.5 72.8 72.4 72.3 70.5 67.6 -5.2
Togo 35.4 34.5 35.3 37.2 37.5 38.8 40.2 42.0 42.3 43.1 +4.3
Tunisia 54.0 56.5 56.6 56.6 55.8 56.7 56.7 56.3 56.3 61.0 +4.3
Uganda 67.6 66.7 68.8 69.7 68.2 69.4 71.4 74.2 74.2 71.6 +2.2
Zambia 47.7 46.9 47.3 47.4 44.1 46.6 48.5 49.3 49.9 51.0 +4.4
Zimbabwe 50.4 52.3 52.5 50.0 49.3 50.7 53.2 57.3 58.1 53.0 +2.3
African Average 48.1 48.7 49.1 49.7 49.8 50.8 52.1 52.7 53.0 53.2 +2.4
Central Africa 39.8 39.4 39.5 39.5 40.1 40.6 42.2 43.7 43.9 46.8 +6.2
East Africa 54.1 54.8 55.3 54.8 53.9 54.8 56.1 57.5 57.9 59.6 +4.8
North Africa 42.1 43.5 43.8 44.9 44.8 45.7 46.3 45.6 46.4 42.1 -3.5
Southern Africa 55.8 57.5 57.8 58.0 58.3 60.1 61.4 62.1 62.5 62.1 +2.0
West Africa 44.5 44.3 44.8 46.5 47.1 48.1 49.2 49.3 49.3 49.3 +1.2

43
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS GENDER | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
43 43 43 44 45 44 45 42 34 34 +10 Algeria
21 23 20 20 16 16 22 24 26 40 -24 Angola
26 25 24 23 23 23 23 23 23 22 +1 Benin
9 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 4 +6 Botswana
29 29 29 25 26 26 31 35 37 33 -7 Burkina Faso
14 14 13 13 15 12 13 13 13 12 0 Burundi
6 6 5 4 4 5 5 7 7 8 -3 Cabo Verde
24 28 27 28 24 28 26 27 27 24 +4 Cameroon
49 47 46 48 49 49 48 47 46 42 +7 CAR
47 46 47 49 51 51 51 51 51 46 +5 Chad
36 36 34 33 38 40 41 46 45 45 -5 Comoros
33 33 33 32 30 31 30 31 30 30 +1 Congo
37 40 41 42 44 45 49 49 50 49 -4 Côte d'Ivoire
38 38 40 41 34 41 46 45 44 36 +5 DRC
32 34 37 40 41 42 42 40 39 41 +1 Djibouti
45 44 45 45 43 39 39 48 47 48 -9 Egypt
12 11 11 12 13 14 15 15 15 20 -6 Eritrea
39 32 31 31 33 33 28 26 25 23 +10 Ethiopia
40 39 38 38 36 36 35 33 32 39 -3 Gabon
8 10 10 10 10 11 12 14 14 19 -8 Gambia
19 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 16 +5 Ghana
30 30 30 30 29 27 27 30 33 31 -4 Guinea
44 51 51 46 47 47 37 44 42 44 +3 Guinea-Bissau
11 13 14 14 12 22 19 22 21 17 +5 Kenya
10 9 9 2 3 6 8 9 10 13 -7 Lesotho
46 41 39 39 35 30 34 32 31 25 +5 Liberia
51 48 48 50 50 50 50 50 49 50 0 Libya
18 20 21 21 22 20 16 12 12 11 +9 Madagascar
17 19 19 18 21 17 17 16 16 15 +2 Malawi
48 50 50 51 48 46 44 37 43 43 +3 Mali
20 18 16 15 14 15 14 18 18 37 -22 Mauritania
23 22 22 22 19 18 18 17 17 14 +4 Mauritius
28 24 28 26 27 32 38 38 40 47 -15 Morocco
16 16 17 16 17 13 11 8 6 9 +4 Mozambique
3 2 2 3 6 4 3 4 4 5 -1 Namibia
50 49 49 47 46 48 47 43 48 51 -3 Niger
35 37 35 34 39 38 40 39 36 35 +3 Nigeria
4 4 3 7 5 2 1 1 1 2 0 Rwanda
13 12 12 11 11 9 9 10 8 7 +2 Senegal
2 3 4 8 7 7 7 3 3 1 +6 Seychelles
41 42 42 35 32 34 33 34 35 32 +2 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
7 5 7 5 2 1 2 2 2 3 -2 South Africa
27 26 26 29 28 25 25 28 28 28 -3 Swaziland
1 1 1 1 1 3 4 6 9 10 -7 Tanzania
42 45 44 43 42 43 43 41 41 38 +5 Togo
15 15 15 17 18 19 21 20 20 18 +1 Tunisia
5 8 6 6 8 8 6 5 5 6 +2 Uganda
25 27 25 27 31 29 29 29 29 29 0 Zambia
22 21 23 24 25 24 24 19 19 26 -2 Zimbabwe

44
25 indicators
5 indicators 9 indicators 6 indicators 5 indicators
Judicial Process
(EIUD EIU)
Sanctions
(SIA CDD)
Social Unrest
(EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power
(EIUD EIU)
Safety of the
Person
(EIUD EIU)
Judicial
Independence
Judicial
Independence
(BTI BS)
Judicial
Independence
(GCR WEF)
Judicial
Independence
(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Property Rights
(BTI BS)
Property Freedom
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights
(GCR WEF)
Cross-border
Tensions
(EIUD EIU)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in Rural
Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption
& Bureaucracy
(WGI WB)
Accountability
of Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Corruption in
Government
& Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of
Abuse of Office
(BTI BS)
Diversion of Public
Funds (GCR WEF)
Public Sector
Corruption Bodies
(AII GI)
Access to
Information
Public Information
(AII GI)
Access to
Legislative
Processes &
Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror
(PTS PTS)
Violent Crime
(EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking
(TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed
Conflict
(EIUD EIU)
Political Refugees
(OPD UNHCR)
Internally
Displaced People
(GOT IDMC)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Police Services
(GCR WEF)
Government
Involvement in
Armed Conflict
(UCDP UCDP)
18 indicators
Free & Fair
Executive Elections
(AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair
Elections (BTI BS)
Political
Participation
(DI EIU)
Effective Power
to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights
(FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance
in Education
(WDI WB)
Women's
Participation in
the Labour Force
(WDI WB)
Equal
Representation
in Rural Areas
(PBAS IFAD)
Women in
Parliament
(WDI WB)
Legislation on
Violence against
Women (GID-DB/
SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality
in the Workplace
(AII GI)
Gender Equality in
Appointments to
Cabinet (AII GI)
Human Rights
(EIUD EIU)
Freedom of
Expression
Freedom of
Expression (BTI BS)
Press Freedom
(FOTP FH)
Press Freedom
(WPFI RSF)
Freedom of
Association
& Assembly
Freedom of
Association &
Assembly (BTI BS)
Freedom of
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil
Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties
(FITW FH)
8 indicators
International
Human Rights
Conventions
(MTDSG UNOLA/
TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
*Cluster within a
for data source and
Indicator
(Data source
and institution
acronym)
Clustered
indicator
Variable
(Data source
and institution
acronym)

45
(BBSC WB)
Public Resources
for Rural
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Land & Water for
Low-income Rural
Populations
Agricultural
Research &
Extension Services
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input
& Produce Markets
(PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal
Framework
for Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between
Government
& Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy
Costs (GCR WEF)
Public
Administration
Public
Administration
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Diversification
(AEO AfDB/
OECD/UNDP/
UNECA)
Reserves
(CD EIU)
Budget
Management
Budget
Management
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total
Revenue to Total
Expenditure
(ASY AU/AfDB/
UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External
Debt Service
to Exports
(CD EIU)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Access to Financial
Companies
(AII GI)
Competitive
Environment
Competitive
Environment*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Competition
(BTI BS)
Competitive
Bidding (AII GI)
Investment
Climate
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Investment
Climate for Rural
Businesses
(PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial
Services
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red
Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs
Procedures
(GCR WEF)
Soundness
of Banks
(GCR WEF)
Electricity Supply
(GCR WEF)
Access to Land
(PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water
for Agriculture
(PBAS IFAD)
Road Network
(GCR WEF)
Rail Network
(EIUD EIU)
Air Transport
Quality of Air
Transport
(GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Safety (AII GI)
Telephone & IT
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
(EIUD EIU)
IT Infrastructure
(EIUD EIU)
Digital
Connectivity
Mobile Phone
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Household
Computers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Internet
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped
Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Access to
Improved Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
31 indicators
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Welfare Regime
(BTI BS)
Education
Provision &
Quality (BTI BS)
Educational
System Quality
(GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils
to Teachers in
Primary School
(UIS UNESCO)
Primary School
Completion
(WDI WB)
Progression to
Secondary School
(WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment
(UIS UNESCO)
Literacy
(UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality
(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality
(CME IGME)
Social Protection
& Labour
Social Protection
& Labour
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion
(BTI BS)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public
Resource Use
Equity of Public
Resource Use
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Environmental
Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental
Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Immunisation
(Measles, DPT &
Hepatitis B)
Immunisation
against Measles
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against DPT
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against Hepatitis B
(GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral
Treatment
Provision
ART Provision
(AD UNAIDS)
ART Provision for
Pregnant Women
(AD UNAIDS)
Disease
(Malaria & TB)
Malaria
(GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis
(GHO WHO)
Undernourishment
(WDI WB)
Access to
Sanitation
Access to Improved
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Open Defecation
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
7 indicators
21 indicators

46
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 49.0 51.7 52.0 53.0 52.8 50.3 51.8 49.8 48.0 49.9 -0.4
Angola 27.1 28.5 31.8 32.7 32.9 36.2 38.1 38.2 38.7 34.6 -1.6
Benin 47.0 47.9 47.5 48.9 47.4 50.7 52.2 50.8 49.5 47.0 -3.7
Botswana 62.8 65.5 65.8 66.7 68.2 67.7 66.9 66.5 66.3 65.9 -1.8
Burkina Faso 47.5 47.3 46.7 48.7 50.4 55.5 55.0 53.2 52.0 51.0 -4.5
Burundi 30.4 30.5 31.5 32.7 36.3 39.0 38.0 38.7 37.2 38.5 -0.5
Cabo Verde 53.7 53.1 53.8 57.6 62.1 61.0 61.3 61.5 61.8 63.1 +2.1
Cameroon 38.7 39.6 41.4 44.2 47.2 46.4 47.6 46.0 47.3 46.2 -0.3
CAR 24.0 21.7 23.8 25.9 26.7 28.4 34.8 36.0 34.9 24.8 -3.5
Chad 30.4 30.6 30.6 30.3 29.7 29.1 31.0 32.4 31.8 29.9 +0.8
Comoros 28.5 29.2 30.4 30.2 28.7 27.5 29.2 28.9 29.7 31.3 +3.8
Congo 28.9 35.5 35.7 33.5 35.6 36.2 37.8 38.1 38.1 39.2 +3.0
Côte d'Ivoire 42.7 43.0 42.5 40.8 40.1 42.5 41.4 42.3 42.4 43.5 +1.1
DRC 21.1 26.3 26.7 28.7 31.2 27.0 27.8 28.2 28.5 34.8 +7.8
Djibouti 47.2 47.6 46.6 46.2 42.9 42.7 43.3 44.4 48.6 48.1 +5.4
Egypt 55.8 55.8 55.9 59.4 61.1 66.9 67.1 61.8 59.0 54.2 -12.6
Eritrea 31.3 30.9 31.0 28.7 29.1 25.2 25.5 23.9 22.9 21.9 -3.2
Ethiopia 50.3 50.9 50.2 52.0 53.9 51.8 53.2 53.7 52.7 50.4 -1.4
Gabon 34.9 35.6 35.0 33.6 37.3 41.4 41.4 41.3 41.5 41.5 +0.1
Gambia 44.6 42.8 44.1 47.4 48.7 53.5 54.5 54.4 57.1 54.2 +0.7
Ghana 52.2 51.1 52.1 49.5 52.0 55.4 54.1 54.5 54.3 53.6 -1.8
Guinea 35.4 36.0 35.8 37.3 36.2 34.9 33.5 35.0 34.7 35.9 +1.0
Guinea-Bissau 21.4 23.2 28.3 26.8 27.5 30.1 30.4 30.6 28.4 25.7 -4.4
Kenya 51.7 51.2 51.5 53.8 53.8 50.5 54.0 53.2 55.1 54.4 +3.9
Lesotho 43.9 47.9 48.2 46.8 47.3 48.2 49.2 49.8 50.3 50.4 +2.2
Liberia 26.3 27.2 29.5 30.8 31.2 32.0 37.5 38.4 38.5 36.8 +4.9
Libya 43.7 45.8 46.0 44.9 47.1 45.7 48.5 38.6 37.7 27.1 -18.6
Madagascar 44.6 46.2 46.7 50.2 51.5 49.7 47.0 44.2 43.5 44.1 -5.6
Malawi 41.2 41.0 42.2 44.3 46.7 47.2 48.7 47.7 46.3 45.9 -1.2
Mali 43.2 44.8 47.8 48.3 49.3 51.0 48.1 50.7 51.3 51.8 +0.8
Mauritania 40.4 38.8 42.5 44.5 44.2 44.1 44.3 43.3 45.7 42.0 -2.1
Mauritius 65.5 66.1 66.4 67.8 76.7 76.7 77.5 77.8 78.5 79.7 +3.0
Morocco 55.7 57.1 57.4 60.8 60.1 61.8 61.5 61.4 62.6 69.1 +7.3
Mozambique 43.6 43.0 42.9 44.5 45.0 49.0 49.8 48.7 47.7 46.8 -2.1
Namibia 54.4 54.7 57.0 58.9 62.3 64.1 64.9 63.2 62.6 62.2 -1.9
Niger 35.7 35.9 37.9 38.7 41.7 42.0 42.9 43.4 41.7 40.9 -1.0
Nigeria 36.0 36.2 37.7 38.6 38.1 40.5 38.5 39.7 41.0 43.3 +2.8
Rwanda 51.7 54.0 56.1 55.2 55.4 57.1 58.3 60.6 64.1 63.4 +6.3
Senegal 51.1 51.0 51.4 50.9 52.6 57.0 55.0 54.0 55.5 56.7 -0.3
Seychelles 56.3 58.5 58.2 57.2 58.5 58.3 60.7 62.4 64.0 63.6 +5.2
Sierra Leone 30.7 31.3 32.9 38.3 38.6 41.1 41.4 40.8 41.4 41.6 +0.4
Somalia 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.3 5.8 5.7 4.8 5.4 3.5 -2.2
South Africa 63.3 65.1 66.5 68.2 68.3 69.1 69.1 67.7 67.6 71.9 +2.9
Swaziland 40.0 41.4 43.1 44.5 50.8 49.6 49.3 47.3 48.2 51.6 +2.0
Tanzania 51.9 52.0 52.4 53.0 54.7 54.1 54.3 52.3 49.6 50.5 -3.7
Togo 23.6 25.0 25.0 26.6 27.2 30.4 31.9 29.5 32.6 32.8 +2.4
Tunisia 65.0 66.4 66.8 68.4 69.1 68.7 69.4 68.2 64.6 63.3 -5.4
Uganda 50.5 50.8 51.2 52.1 48.9 49.4 51.4 51.9 52.0 50.1 +0.6
Zambia 46.5 48.3 48.4 48.7 46.7 47.8 48.5 50.2 51.5 51.0 +3.2
Zimbabwe 27.3 23.2 22.6 20.6 21.1 22.6 23.8 24.0 24.7 23.5 +0.9
African Average 41.6 42.3 43.1 44.0 45.0 45.8 46.4 46.0 46.2 45.6 -0.2
Central Africa 30.8 32.5 32.8 33.3 35.0 34.5 35.8 36.5 36.6 35.7 +1.2
East Africa 41.3 41.8 42.1 42.3 42.4 41.9 43.0 43.2 43.8 43.2 +1.3
North Africa 51.6 52.6 53.4 55.2 55.7 56.2 57.1 53.8 52.9 50.9 -5.3
Southern Africa 46.7 47.6 48.5 49.5 51.5 52.3 52.7 52.1 52.2 52.3 -0.0
West Africa 39.4 39.7 40.9 41.9 42.9 45.2 45.2 45.3 45.5 45.2 +0.0

47
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
17 12 13 12 14 20 19 22 25 23 -3 Algeria
45 45 40 41 41 40 37 40 37 42 -2 Angola
20 19 21 19 23 18 18 19 22 25 -7 Benin
4 3 4 4 4 4 5 4 3 4 0 Botswana
18 22 22 20 19 12 12 15 17 17 -5 Burkina Faso
41 42 41 40 38 38 38 37 41 38 0 Burundi
9 10 10 8 6 8 8 8 9 8 0 Cabo Verde
33 32 32 31 25 28 28 27 27 27 +1 Cameroon
48 51 50 50 50 46 42 42 42 49 -3 CAR
40 41 43 43 45 45 45 44 45 45 0 Chad
43 43 44 44 47 48 47 48 47 44 +4 Comoros
42 38 37 39 40 39 39 41 39 37 +2 Congo
28 26 30 32 34 32 35 32 31 30 +2 Côte d'Ivoire
51 47 48 47 42 49 49 49 48 41 +8 DRC
19 21 24 25 31 31 31 28 23 24 +7 Djibouti
6 7 9 6 7 5 4 7 10 13 -8 Egypt
38 40 42 46 46 50 50 51 51 51 -1 Eritrea
16 16 17 15 12 16 17 14 15 20 -4 Ethiopia
37 37 38 38 37 34 34 33 33 34 0 Gabon
23 28 26 23 22 15 13 12 11 12 +3 Gambia
10 14 12 18 16 13 15 11 14 14 -1 Ghana
36 35 36 37 39 41 43 43 43 40 +1 Guinea
50 50 47 48 48 44 46 45 49 48 -4 Guinea-Bissau
13 13 14 11 13 19 16 16 13 11 +8 Kenya
24 20 19 24 24 25 23 23 20 21 +4 Lesotho
47 46 45 42 43 42 41 39 38 39 +3 Liberia
25 24 25 26 26 29 25 38 40 47 -18 Libya
22 23 23 17 17 21 29 29 30 29 -8 Madagascar
30 31 31 30 27 27 24 25 28 28 -1 Malawi
27 25 20 22 20 17 27 20 19 15 +2 Mali
31 33 29 29 30 30 30 31 29 32 -2 Mauritania
1 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Mauritius
7 6 6 5 8 7 7 9 8 3 +4 Morocco
26 27 28 28 29 24 21 24 26 26 -2 Mozambique
8 8 7 7 5 6 6 5 7 9 -3 Namibia
35 36 34 34 32 33 32 30 32 35 -2 Niger
34 34 35 35 36 36 36 36 35 31 +5 Nigeria
12 9 8 10 10 10 10 10 5 6 +4 Rwanda
14 15 15 16 15 11 11 13 12 10 +1 Senegal
5 5 5 9 9 9 9 6 6 5 +4 Seychelles
39 39 39 36 35 35 33 34 34 33 +2 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
3 4 2 2 3 2 3 3 2 2 0 South Africa
32 30 27 27 18 22 22 26 24 16 +6 Swaziland
11 11 11 13 11 14 14 17 21 19 -5 Tanzania
49 48 49 49 49 43 44 47 44 43 0 Togo
2 1 1 1 2 3 2 2 4 7 -4 Tunisia
15 17 16 14 21 23 20 18 16 22 +1 Uganda
21 18 18 21 28 26 26 21 18 18 +8 Zambia
44 49 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 50 +1 Zimbabwe

48
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 48.6 57.3 57.8 57.1 58.3 53.1 54.7 54.9 53.7 56.5 +3.4
Angola 36.0 39.2 41.0 40.0 38.8 35.8 41.8 43.5 45.5 40.5 +4.7
Benin 50.3 50.4 48.8 52.8 51.8 49.9 50.1 49.6 48.1 56.8 +6.9
Botswana 69.5 75.9 76.7 78.1 75.3 72.6 68.6 68.3 69.3 69.5 -3.0
Burkina Faso 51.6 50.2 48.5 53.7 54.2 56.4 55.9 55.3 56.7 59.3 +2.9
Burundi 27.3 27.8 31.7 35.4 39.2 33.7 40.4 41.5 40.6 41.9 +8.2
Cabo Verde 55.9 54.4 56.9 61.8 59.6 58.9 58.0 56.1 55.3 59.7 +0.8
Cameroon 41.9 41.7 48.9 51.7 49.9 48.4 48.5 47.1 49.0 48.5 +0.1
CAR 29.2 26.9 36.1 35.4 34.9 37.2 39.1 39.0 40.6 27.6 -9.6
Chad 38.8 36.6 37.9 37.1 36.6 35.2 37.2 36.7 35.9 38.9 +3.7
Comoros 25.4 27.6 23.8 22.9 23.3 27.4 28.7 26.3 28.9 30.1 +2.7
Congo 38.2 47.9 48.3 45.3 49.9 49.8 53.5 54.7 54.4 54.3 +4.5
Côte d'Ivoire 40.2 43.5 44.8 44.3 43.5 46.1 45.0 47.3 47.5 44.7 -1.3
DRC 29.6 28.6 30.0 30.2 30.3 25.8 33.6 34.9 35.7 44.1 +18.3
Djibouti 43.7 45.7 41.2 36.2 38.1 37.5 38.9 40.3 38.8 39.9 +2.5
Egypt 54.5 51.2 51.3 55.3 57.4 56.4 56.0 46.2 45.5 43.1 -13.3
Eritrea 30.8 28.3 29.3 23.9 28.1 26.0 27.6 21.3 19.8 19.0 -7.0
Ethiopia 51.5 52.2 49.7 52.8 53.9 54.1 54.5 52.8 53.6 50.4 -3.7
Gabon 41.8 43.3 41.7 35.5 45.1 44.2 42.3 43.2 41.2 41.3 -2.9
Gambia 39.6 39.7 39.7 42.4 43.9 44.8 45.4 46.1 45.5 45.0 +0.2
Ghana 53.8 52.9 55.7 54.6 52.9 54.1 53.6 54.9 51.8 48.3 -5.8
Guinea 35.8 40.4 40.1 44.9 44.1 38.4 38.1 41.8 46.7 48.4 +10.1
Guinea-Bissau 29.1 31.1 33.2 34.0 34.2 39.8 40.8 40.9 32.0 29.1 -10.7
Kenya 57.2 55.2 55.5 58.9 58.7 57.3 57.4 57.7 58.5 55.3 -2.0
Lesotho 56.7 58.1 57.7 58.2 57.8 58.0 57.5 54.7 56.3 56.4 -1.6
Liberia 30.6 32.5 38.9 39.2 38.9 39.6 40.6 42.0 41.7 42.0 +2.4
Libya 47.9 51.3 50.9 51.4 51.5 50.9 51.4 27.5 34.8 28.9 -22.1
Madagascar 44.7 44.4 44.6 50.6 53.8 50.3 48.2 43.5 42.5 43.0 -7.3
Malawi 41.2 40.4 44.4 49.0 48.9 48.0 50.9 48.6 46.6 47.0 -1.0
Mali 51.4 53.3 65.1 56.4 55.6 56.6 58.2 57.4 55.7 59.4 +2.8
Mauritania 44.8 42.9 52.3 48.3 46.8 47.2 49.4 51.3 53.2 48.8 +1.7
Mauritius 56.0 54.9 54.8 57.4 58.3 59.8 61.0 63.0 64.2 70.5 +10.7
Morocco 62.1 64.8 65.0 66.7 61.4 65.4 62.7 60.2 59.0 60.7 -4.7
Mozambique 48.3 48.6 49.8 52.7 52.1 54.8 55.3 55.3 55.7 55.2 +0.4
Namibia 47.0 45.0 51.6 55.4 57.5 56.4 56.3 54.1 55.2 48.9 -7.5
Niger 40.6 42.5 51.4 45.3 47.3 43.5 45.8 47.3 50.5 50.6 +7.1
Nigeria 44.8 45.0 50.9 52.1 50.2 47.9 45.7 49.7 53.6 53.2 +5.3
Rwanda 50.0 50.5 47.8 57.1 56.2 57.8 57.2 56.8 58.8 58.4 +0.7
Senegal 59.8 59.2 60.8 63.5 56.8 58.4 59.1 58.7 59.0 61.6 +3.2
Seychelles 34.2 34.9 33.3 32.4 38.2 37.6 42.9 45.0 46.4 45.4 +7.9
Sierra Leone 37.7 39.7 46.8 48.6 38.7 42.8 42.7 42.7 43.3 42.0 -0.8
Somalia 2.6 2.6 2.9 4.4 3.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 3.1 2.2 -0.1
South Africa 74.1 72.9 74.1 78.1 76.9 76.5 74.5 73.7 71.5 74.5 -2.0
Swaziland 46.3 44.7 48.2 53.5 53.2 53.3 51.5 44.7 46.6 48.9 -4.4
Tanzania 59.8 61.0 59.9 62.0 62.8 60.1 57.7 56.2 58.6 55.2 -4.9
Togo 32.3 34.4 34.1 37.4 36.1 41.9 46.0 45.8 46.9 47.1 +5.2
Tunisia 64.7 65.5 65.6 66.6 67.7 70.1 69.6 65.7 64.8 61.6 -8.4
Uganda 53.9 53.7 55.2 59.1 56.2 56.6 54.7 53.6 54.7 51.6 -4.9
Zambia 40.6 47.0 45.6 51.2 51.3 53.0 52.1 52.3 52.5 47.6 -5.4
Zimbabwe 33.9 31.6 28.8 21.8 22.7 32.0 34.5 30.3 34.1 27.5 -4.5
African Average 44.1 45.2 46.6 47.8 47.9 47.7 48.3 47.4 47.7 47.1 -0.6
Central Africa 36.0 38.2 39.5 39.7 42.0 39.9 41.1 41.9 41.7 40.6 +0.7
East Africa 39.7 39.9 39.1 40.4 41.6 40.9 42.1 41.2 42.0 40.9 -0.1
North Africa 53.8 55.5 57.1 57.6 57.2 57.2 57.3 51.0 51.8 49.9 -7.2
Southern Africa 49.5 50.2 51.5 53.8 53.9 54.2 54.4 52.7 53.3 52.4 -1.8
West Africa 43.6 44.6 47.7 48.7 47.2 47.9 48.3 49.0 49.0 49.8 +1.9

49
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
19 8 8 12 9 21 17 14 18 12 +9 Algeria
39 39 37 38 40 45 38 35 35 41 +4 Angola
17 19 24 20 23 25 26 24 26 11 +14 Benin
2 1 1 2 2 2 3 2 2 3 -1 Botswana
14 20 25 18 17 16 15 12 10 9 +7 Burkina Faso
50 49 46 45 38 47 41 41 41 39 +8 Burundi
10 11 10 7 6 7 8 11 14 7 0 Cabo Verde
28 34 23 24 27 27 28 28 25 25 +2 Cameroon
48 51 42 44 46 43 43 44 42 49 -6 CAR
35 41 41 41 44 46 46 45 44 43 +3 Chad
51 50 51 50 50 49 50 50 50 46 +3 Comoros
37 22 26 31 28 26 21 17 17 17 +9 Congo
33 29 31 34 36 31 34 26 27 33 -2 Côte d'Ivoire
47 47 48 48 48 51 49 47 45 34 +17 DRC
27 24 36 42 43 42 44 43 43 42 0 Djibouti
11 17 18 16 12 15 14 29 33 35 -20 Egypt
44 48 49 49 49 50 51 51 51 51 -1 Eritrea
15 15 22 21 18 18 19 20 20 21 -3 Ethiopia
29 30 35 43 33 33 37 36 40 40 -7 Gabon
34 37 39 35 35 32 33 30 34 32 0 Gambia
13 14 11 17 21 19 20 15 23 27 -8 Ghana
40 36 38 33 34 40 45 40 29 26 +14 Guinea
49 46 45 46 47 38 39 42 49 47 -9 Guinea-Bissau
7 9 12 9 7 11 11 7 9 14 -3 Kenya
8 7 9 10 10 9 10 16 11 13 -4 Lesotho
45 44 40 39 39 39 40 39 39 37 +2 Liberia
21 16 19 25 24 23 24 49 46 48 -25 Libya
26 28 32 27 19 24 29 34 37 36 -12 Madagascar
30 35 33 28 29 28 25 25 31 30 -2 Malawi
16 13 4 14 16 12 7 8 12 8 +4 Mali
25 31 15 30 32 30 27 22 21 24 +6 Mauritania
9 10 14 11 8 6 5 4 4 2 +4 Mauritius
4 4 5 3 5 4 4 5 6 6 -2 Morocco
20 21 21 22 22 17 16 13 13 16 +1 Mozambique
22 25 16 15 11 14 13 18 15 22 -8 Namibia
31 32 17 32 31 34 31 27 24 20 +14 Niger
24 26 20 23 26 29 32 23 19 18 +11 Nigeria
18 18 28 13 15 10 12 9 7 10 0 Rwanda
5 6 6 5 13 8 6 6 5 5 +3 Senegal
41 42 44 47 42 41 35 32 32 31 +10 Seychelles
38 38 29 29 41 35 36 38 36 38 -3 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 South Africa
23 27 27 19 20 20 23 33 30 23 -3 Swaziland
6 5 7 6 4 5 9 10 8 15 -10 Tanzania
43 43 43 40 45 36 30 31 28 29 +7 Togo
3 3 3 4 3 3 2 3 3 4 -1 Tunisia
12 12 13 8 14 13 18 19 16 19 -6 Uganda
32 23 30 26 25 22 22 21 22 28 -6 Zambia
42 45 50 51 51 48 48 48 48 50 -2 Zimbabwe

50
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 47.8 48.4 48.7 46.9 47.3 46.4 45.5 41.3 38.3 44.6 -1.8
Angola 29.5 29.3 28.9 29.1 29.1 37.0 38.0 39.0 37.6 30.6 -6.4
Benin 54.3 58.3 58.0 59.5 54.6 59.1 60.6 57.7 55.9 50.6 -8.5
Botswana 66.1 67.0 67.0 67.2 73.7 75.1 74.4 74.7 71.5 72.8 -2.3
Burkina Faso 53.4 55.3 54.4 54.0 52.9 57.9 59.4 56.5 50.1 48.0 -9.9
Burundi 41.5 41.5 38.0 37.4 42.0 45.2 41.3 42.0 35.3 36.6 -8.6
Cabo Verde 56.5 56.9 56.3 62.3 67.3 59.7 59.7 62.1 63.1 63.0 +3.3
Cameroon 49.5 51.3 51.1 51.1 49.7 48.0 48.8 41.8 42.8 40.0 -8.0
CAR 30.4 28.7 25.6 29.6 30.9 30.0 40.6 40.6 37.1 25.7 -4.3
Chad 36.0 35.4 33.8 33.1 30.4 30.1 31.7 32.5 31.9 28.1 -2.0
Comoros 27.6 27.6 30.0 30.0 29.6 25.8 27.4 28.5 28.7 33.0 +7.2
Congo 26.9 39.9 39.9 39.9 29.7 25.4 28.4 28.4 28.4 29.3 +3.9
Côte d'Ivoire 38.7 39.3 38.7 39.3 39.8 41.2 41.9 42.2 43.6 45.8 +4.6
DRC 21.3 34.7 34.7 34.2 36.5 24.8 23.9 23.8 24.1 28.1 +3.3
Djibouti 48.5 48.5 48.5 51.0 44.4 49.9 49.9 51.0 55.6 53.9 +4.0
Egypt 54.5 56.4 56.5 59.8 60.1 67.2 71.8 66.4 56.5 53.6 -13.6
Eritrea 21.2 21.6 20.8 19.8 19.4 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.4 7.9 -1.0
Ethiopia 57.0 56.7 56.5 54.9 56.1 51.2 52.5 54.6 53.3 45.7 -5.5
Gabon 42.3 44.9 43.3 43.3 43.3 44.1 44.1 44.1 45.7 43.3 -0.8
Gambia 60.1 59.5 60.9 62.7 57.0 60.1 60.0 59.8 66.6 56.1 -4.0
Ghana 56.9 57.1 57.9 57.6 60.3 62.4 63.5 62.3 61.5 64.3 +1.9
Guinea 38.1 39.7 38.8 39.7 35.1 35.1 36.4 35.9 31.7 32.6 -2.5
Guinea-Bissau 27.7 30.0 30.9 27.3 26.6 26.6 27.9 29.0 28.2 25.6 -1.0
Kenya 54.0 54.0 54.3 55.6 56.8 51.9 55.3 53.4 54.3 51.2 -0.6
Lesotho 45.6 48.9 50.5 46.9 50.9 51.3 54.2 56.6 57.1 55.2 +3.9
Liberia 31.9 32.9 34.5 35.3 36.3 35.0 41.1 41.0 41.0 42.5 +7.5
Libya 28.7 33.2 33.4 33.6 33.8 30.9 32.4 28.4 25.3 17.2 -13.7
Madagascar 53.3 59.1 58.6 59.3 58.2 55.6 53.4 50.9 50.5 49.8 -5.8
Malawi 45.8 45.5 45.9 48.4 53.1 53.9 53.1 52.4 50.0 48.7 -5.2
Mali 49.9 53.4 53.2 52.9 51.8 55.6 45.6 53.3 53.8 51.1 -4.5
Mauritania 50.2 50.2 50.4 54.9 51.0 49.5 42.4 41.8 44.0 35.8 -13.7
Mauritius 74.2 77.4 78.3 79.4 87.9 88.7 89.5 88.6 88.9 90.4 +1.7
Morocco 60.8 61.4 61.5 62.3 64.0 63.5 65.3 66.0 68.0 72.0 +8.6
Mozambique 49.5 46.7 46.7 47.2 49.3 51.7 52.2 53.2 47.8 45.7 -6.0
Namibia 61.4 61.4 60.2 60.1 64.5 66.5 67.0 64.9 63.3 65.3 -1.2
Niger 43.3 44.7 43.8 48.9 47.5 50.3 51.4 51.4 44.4 45.8 -4.5
Nigeria 36.7 37.8 39.1 41.7 41.4 45.3 42.0 41.5 42.4 44.8 -0.5
Rwanda 62.6 65.0 66.8 63.1 65.0 65.3 66.9 72.0 80.2 79.1 +13.8
Senegal 54.3 57.7 57.2 55.0 63.1 67.8 63.9 63.2 65.6 65.5 -2.3
Seychelles 55.7 59.2 60.6 61.2 61.8 62.3 61.0 60.4 59.8 58.6 -3.7
Sierra Leone 31.1 33.5 32.6 37.0 41.7 43.9 44.7 43.1 44.8 46.5 +2.6
Somalia 2.2 2.2 1.7 1.1 1.1 3.2 2.6 0.0 0.6 1.1 -2.1
South Africa 63.2 65.9 66.9 68.0 69.9 71.0 72.1 72.1 72.6 77.6 +6.6
Swaziland 42.6 45.8 45.8 45.8 52.6 54.3 54.3 54.4 52.7 53.9 -0.4
Tanzania 53.4 55.0 56.4 55.9 54.8 56.5 56.0 52.2 50.7 51.3 -5.2
Togo 28.5 30.2 29.8 30.0 31.0 31.4 32.0 27.0 31.2 30.7 -0.7
Tunisia 63.2 63.2 63.7 65.7 65.8 60.0 62.0 60.1 56.2 55.1 -4.9
Uganda 56.3 58.3 58.2 58.6 54.5 53.6 57.5 57.8 58.3 56.8 +3.1
Zambia 55.8 56.1 55.9 56.4 55.9 57.3 59.1 58.9 59.2 61.1 +3.8
Zimbabwe 20.8 15.0 15.2 16.3 19.8 15.3 15.8 19.0 16.9 16.7 +1.4
African Average 44.9 46.5 46.4 47.0 47.5 47.5 48.0 47.6 47.0 46.1 -1.4
Central Africa 34.7 38.7 37.9 38.1 36.5 33.9 35.6 35.2 35.0 33.0 -0.9
East Africa 43.6 44.5 44.7 44.4 44.1 43.1 43.6 43.7 44.1 43.2 +0.1
North Africa 50.9 52.1 52.4 53.9 53.7 52.9 53.2 50.7 48.0 46.4 -6.5
Southern Africa 50.7 51.5 51.6 52.0 55.4 56.5 56.9 57.1 55.7 55.6 -0.8
West Africa 44.1 45.8 45.7 46.9 47.1 48.7 48.7 48.4 48.3 47.5 -1.2

51
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
27 27 26 30 30 31 30 37 37 32 -1 Algeria
42 46 47 47 47 38 40 40 38 42 -4 Angola
16 12 12 12 19 14 12 16 17 22 -8 Benin
2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 4 4 -2 Botswana
19 19 20 22 22 15 15 18 25 25 -10 Burkina Faso
34 34 38 38 34 33 36 33 40 37 -4 Burundi
11 15 18 7 4 13 14 10 9 9 +4 Cabo Verde
24 23 23 24 27 30 28 34 33 36 -6 Cameroon
41 47 49 46 43 44 39 39 39 47 -3 CAR
38 39 41 43 44 43 44 42 41 44 -1 Chad
46 48 45 45 46 46 47 44 44 39 +7 Comoros
47 35 34 35 45 48 45 45 45 43 +5 Congo
35 37 37 37 37 37 35 32 32 28 +9 Côte d'Ivoire
49 40 39 41 38 49 49 49 49 45 +4 DRC
26 26 27 25 31 28 27 27 18 16 +12 Djibouti
15 17 15 11 12 5 4 5 15 18 -13 Egypt
50 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 51 51 0 Eritrea
9 16 16 21 16 26 24 19 21 29 -3 Ethiopia
33 32 33 33 33 34 32 29 28 33 +1 Gabon
8 8 7 6 14 11 13 13 6 13 -2 Gambia
10 14 13 15 11 9 9 9 10 8 +1 Ghana
36 36 36 36 40 39 41 41 42 40 -1 Guinea
45 45 44 49 49 45 46 43 46 48 -3 Guinea-Bissau
18 21 21 18 15 23 19 21 19 20 +3 Kenya
30 25 24 29 26 25 21 17 14 14 +11 Lesotho
39 43 40 40 39 40 38 38 36 35 +5 Liberia
43 42 42 42 41 42 42 46 48 49 -7 Libya
21 10 10 13 13 18 22 28 24 23 -5 Madagascar
29 31 30 27 21 21 23 24 26 24 -3 Malawi
23 22 22 23 24 19 29 22 20 21 -2 Mali
22 24 25 20 25 29 33 35 31 38 -9 Mauritania
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Mauritius
7 7 6 8 8 8 7 6 5 5 +3 Morocco
25 29 29 28 28 24 25 23 27 30 -6 Mozambique
6 6 9 10 7 6 5 7 8 7 -1 Namibia
31 33 32 26 29 27 26 26 30 27 0 Niger
37 38 35 34 36 32 34 36 35 31 +1 Nigeria
5 4 4 5 6 7 6 4 2 2 +5 Rwanda
17 13 14 19 9 4 8 8 7 6 -2 Senegal
14 9 8 9 10 10 11 11 11 11 -1 Seychelles
40 41 43 39 35 35 31 31 29 26 +9 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 South Africa
32 30 31 32 23 20 20 20 22 17 +3 Swaziland
20 20 17 17 18 17 18 25 23 19 -2 Tanzania
44 44 46 44 42 41 43 48 43 41 0 Togo
4 5 5 4 5 12 10 12 16 15 -3 Tunisia
12 11 11 14 20 22 17 15 13 12 +10 Uganda
13 18 19 16 17 16 16 14 12 10 +6 Zambia
51 51 51 51 50 50 50 50 50 50 0 Zimbabwe

52
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 43.7 44.4 44.9 50.3 50.6 48.2 52.6 48.2 46.1 44.5 -3.7
Angola 22.8 23.1 23.8 24.2 24.6 30.8 31.1 30.1 31.0 28.5 -2.3
Benin 26.1 26.3 26.6 26.0 27.1 31.2 34.2 32.8 32.2 22.6 -8.6
Botswana 57.2 57.4 58.0 60.2 59.9 58.6 61.9 59.7 60.2 58.4 -0.1
Burkina Faso 27.7 28.0 28.3 30.2 32.2 33.9 31.1 30.6 32.4 27.6 -6.3
Burundi 15.6 15.6 15.7 17.0 19.7 21.3 24.9 25.1 23.2 22.7 +1.4
Cabo Verde 41.1 41.6 42.2 40.2 41.5 42.7 44.8 47.1 47.6 49.6 +6.9
Cameroon 18.6 18.8 19.2 26.8 28.7 31.3 32.6 35.0 37.1 37.9 +6.6
CAR 15.8 15.9 15.9 19.4 19.6 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.6 22.1 -1.1
Chad 8.0 8.1 8.2 9.8 10.7 14.4 16.4 19.4 19.6 12.7 -1.6
Comoros 25.8 26.1 26.5 26.7 26.9 23.7 25.6 25.9 26.3 26.6 +2.9
Congo 22.1 22.4 22.8 17.0 23.9 25.1 25.9 26.1 26.4 26.7 +1.6
Côte d'Ivoire 45.4 45.5 45.9 41.6 42.1 44.7 39.8 40.3 42.3 45.7 +1.0
DRC 8.9 8.9 9.1 17.5 17.7 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.3 +0.9
Djibouti 49.0 49.4 49.7 50.3 51.1 45.2 46.1 46.9 51.0 51.2 +6.0
Egypt 56.8 57.2 57.4 61.5 62.7 66.7 68.0 62.9 61.2 56.8 -9.9
Eritrea 18.9 19.0 19.0 19.1 19.1 15.8 15.9 16.0 13.4 10.9 -4.9
Ethiopia 34.6 34.8 35.0 38.3 39.2 38.6 41.2 41.8 43.1 41.6 +2.9
Gabon 27.6 28.2 28.8 29.5 34.9 35.7 37.5 36.4 37.3 41.2 +5.5
Gambia 25.6 25.8 26.2 33.2 38.4 42.6 45.6 45.9 45.6 45.7 +3.1
Ghana 41.0 41.3 41.7 37.5 38.1 39.4 39.6 39.5 42.0 40.9 +1.5
Guinea 14.5 14.7 15.0 15.3 13.2 13.5 13.7 16.4 14.3 15.7 +2.2
Guinea-Bissau 10.8 11.2 11.7 12.4 13.2 17.8 18.4 18.8 19.9 20.3 +2.5
Kenya 33.4 33.7 34.3 37.1 38.2 33.1 39.7 38.7 44.4 45.9 +12.8
Lesotho 32.2 32.4 32.6 32.3 34.0 36.6 38.0 38.9 39.4 38.4 +1.9
Liberia 24.8 25.0 25.2 28.2 28.3 28.6 29.1 32.0 32.4 25.0 -3.6
Libya 50.8 51.4 52.4 47.2 52.4 52.5 54.1 50.6 50.8 38.6 -13.9
Madagascar 26.2 26.4 26.6 28.3 29.8 30.5 31.1 29.1 29.4 29.9 -0.6
Malawi 26.6 26.8 27.3 27.8 28.2 30.6 34.9 35.5 35.8 34.7 +4.1
Mali 17.2 17.5 17.8 27.1 28.7 26.8 27.6 31.3 35.1 36.1 +9.3
Mauritania 20.1 20.4 20.9 26.8 26.7 29.3 27.5 22.2 26.5 26.1 -3.1
Mauritius 77.5 77.9 78.2 79.6 80.4 77.7 78.3 79.0 80.3 77.9 +0.2
Morocco 47.3 48.3 49.4 51.3 51.1 54.2 54.0 55.4 59.7 66.9 +12.7
Mozambique 20.5 20.7 20.8 21.6 23.5 33.1 33.0 29.6 29.0 28.6 -4.5
Namibia 63.3 65.9 67.1 69.0 71.2 73.3 75.7 74.2 72.8 75.8 +2.5
Niger 13.4 13.6 13.8 17.3 17.7 14.6 15.0 15.5 15.7 11.0 -3.6
Nigeria 16.4 16.7 16.9 15.1 16.7 17.6 16.1 17.6 18.9 19.6 +2.0
Rwanda 36.8 36.8 36.9 37.0 33.6 34.0 36.7 38.7 40.4 39.6 +5.6
Senegal 27.5 27.8 28.3 28.7 30.9 34.8 32.9 30.4 31.7 34.3 -0.6
Seychelles 78.0 79.0 79.6 77.7 78.5 79.3 80.1 80.9 81.6 81.6 +2.2
Sierra Leone 21.1 21.3 21.5 21.7 21.9 22.1 22.7 22.8 22.9 23.4 +1.3
Somalia 7.1 7.5 7.9 8.3 8.4 11.8 11.8 12.4 12.6 7.2 -4.6
South Africa 67.1 67.9 68.4 66.8 63.0 64.3 65.2 66.0 67.5 77.1 +12.9
Swaziland 45.0 45.6 46.0 46.4 46.9 43.5 44.0 44.1 44.3 48.3 +4.8
Tanzania 27.7 27.8 28.0 26.5 30.6 29.4 33.0 33.3 32.5 32.1 +2.7
Togo 6.9 7.4 8.1 8.9 9.3 13.7 13.1 13.4 14.0 16.6 +2.8
Tunisia 65.7 66.5 67.3 69.6 71.3 73.4 75.2 70.8 68.3 68.6 -4.9
Uganda 21.3 21.5 21.7 21.6 22.8 25.9 30.1 31.7 29.9 29.1 +3.2
Zambia 34.5 34.6 34.9 31.5 27.2 27.5 29.7 34.3 37.8 38.2 +10.7
Zimbabwe 34.4 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.0 34.6 35.3 35.1 35.2 38.0 +3.5
African Average 31.6 32.0 32.4 33.3 34.3 35.1 36.3 36.3 37.0 36.4 +1.3
Central Africa 18.0 18.3 18.6 20.1 22.6 22.3 23.3 24.4 25.3 24.4 +2.1
East Africa 31.7 31.9 32.2 32.7 33.5 32.6 35.0 35.6 36.2 35.3 +2.7
North Africa 47.4 48.0 48.7 51.1 52.5 54.1 55.2 51.6 52.1 50.3 -3.8
Southern Africa 42.3 42.8 43.2 43.5 43.5 45.1 46.5 46.3 46.9 47.8 +2.8
West Africa 24.0 24.2 24.6 25.6 26.6 28.3 28.2 29.0 29.8 28.9 +0.7

53
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
13 13 13 9 11 10 10 10 12 15 -5 Algeria
33 33 33 36 36 28 29 34 32 33 -5 Angola
29 29 29 35 33 27 24 27 30 41 -14 Benin
6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 0 Botswana
23 24 25 23 23 23 30 31 28 34 -11 Burkina Faso
44 44 44 44 41 42 40 39 41 40 +2 Burundi
14 14 14 14 14 14 13 11 11 10 +4 Cabo Verde
40 40 39 32 27 26 28 24 23 24 +2 Cameroon
43 43 43 40 42 40 41 40 40 42 -2 CAR
50 50 50 50 50 47 44 43 44 48 -1 Chad
30 30 30 33 34 39 39 38 39 36 +3 Comoros
34 34 34 45 37 38 38 37 38 35 +3 Congo
11 12 12 13 13 12 16 16 17 14 -2 Côte d'Ivoire
49 49 49 42 44 52 52 52 52 51 +1 DRC
9 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 9 9 +2 Djibouti
7 7 7 6 6 5 5 6 6 8 -3 Egypt
39 39 40 41 43 45 46 47 50 50 -5 Eritrea
17 17 17 15 15 17 15 15 16 16 +1 Ethiopia
25 23 23 24 19 19 20 21 22 17 +2 Gabon
31 31 31 20 16 15 12 13 13 13 +2 Gambia
15 15 15 16 18 16 18 17 18 18 -2 Ghana
45 45 45 46 48 49 48 46 48 46 +3 Guinea
48 48 48 49 49 43 43 44 43 43 0 Guinea-Bissau
20 20 20 17 17 25 17 20 14 12 +13 Kenya
21 21 21 21 20 18 19 18 20 21 -3 Lesotho
32 32 32 27 29 34 35 28 29 38 -4 Liberia
8 8 8 11 8 9 8 9 10 20 -11 Libya
28 28 28 26 26 30 31 36 35 30 0 Madagascar
27 27 27 28 30 29 23 22 24 26 +3 Malawi
41 41 41 29 28 36 36 30 26 25 +11 Mali
38 38 37 31 35 32 37 42 37 37 -5 Mauritania
2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 Mauritius
10 10 10 8 9 8 9 8 8 6 +2 Morocco
37 37 38 39 38 24 25 35 36 32 -8 Mozambique
5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 0 Namibia
46 46 46 43 45 46 47 48 47 49 -3 Niger
42 42 42 47 47 44 45 45 45 44 0 Nigeria
16 16 16 18 22 22 21 19 19 19 +3 Rwanda
26 25 24 25 24 20 27 32 31 27 -7 Senegal
1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 Seychelles
36 36 36 37 40 41 42 41 42 39 +2 Sierra Leone
51 51 52 52 52 50 51 51 51 52 -2 Somalia
3 3 3 5 5 6 6 5 5 3 +3 South Africa
12 11 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 11 +2 Swaziland
24 26 26 34 25 31 26 26 27 28 +3 Tanzania
52 52 51 51 51 48 49 50 49 45 +3 Togo
4 4 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 -2 Tunisia
35 35 35 38 39 37 32 29 34 31 +6 Uganda
18 18 18 22 32 35 33 25 21 22 +13 Zambia
19 19 19 19 21 21 22 23 25 23 -2 Zimbabwe

54
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY RURAL SECTOR | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 56.0 56.6 56.6 57.6 54.8 53.4 54.3 55.0 53.8 53.8 +0.4
Angola 19.9 22.2 33.3 37.5 39.4 41.1 41.4 40.1 40.6 38.9 -2.2
Benin 57.1 56.7 56.7 57.2 56.1 62.7 63.6 63.1 61.9 57.8 -4.9
Botswana 58.4 61.4 61.4 61.3 63.9 64.6 62.8 63.3 64.0 62.9 -1.7
Burkina Faso 57.1 55.9 55.9 56.9 62.4 73.9 73.6 70.4 68.9 69.1 -4.9
Burundi 37.2 37.2 40.6 41.1 44.2 55.9 45.2 46.1 49.7 53.0 -3.0
Cabo Verde 61.4 59.7 59.7 66.1 79.8 82.8 82.8 80.8 81.2 80.3 -2.5
Cameroon 44.8 46.6 46.6 47.2 60.4 58.1 60.5 60.2 60.2 58.3 +0.2
CAR 20.6 15.5 17.4 19.3 21.3 23.2 36.1 41.1 38.0 24.0 +0.8
Chad 38.9 42.3 42.3 41.2 41.3 36.7 38.7 41.0 39.8 40.0 +3.3
Comoros 35.3 35.3 41.3 41.3 34.9 33.0 34.9 34.9 34.9 35.6 +2.6
Congo 28.4 31.9 31.9 31.9 38.8 44.4 43.3 43.3 43.3 46.3 +1.9
Côte d'Ivoire 46.5 43.6 40.7 37.8 34.9 38.1 38.8 39.2 36.2 38.0 -0.1
DRC 24.8 32.9 32.9 32.9 40.3 48.0 44.4 44.4 44.4 56.7 +8.7
Djibouti 47.6 47.0 47.0 47.3 38.1 38.1 38.1 39.5 48.8 47.2 +9.1
Egypt 57.4 58.4 58.4 61.0 64.3 77.1 72.4 71.6 72.9 63.4 -13.7
Eritrea 54.4 54.7 54.7 52.3 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9 0.0
Ethiopia 58.2 59.7 59.7 62.0 66.4 63.1 64.9 65.6 60.9 63.9 +0.8
Gabon 27.8 26.1 26.1 26.1 26.1 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.7 40.2 -1.5
Gambia 53.1 45.9 49.6 51.2 55.6 66.5 67.1 66.0 70.7 70.1 +3.6
Ghana 56.9 53.2 53.2 48.1 56.8 65.8 59.7 61.4 61.7 61.0 -4.8
Guinea 53.0 49.2 49.2 49.2 52.6 52.6 45.9 45.9 46.2 46.8 -5.8
Guinea-Bissau 18.0 20.3 37.6 33.4 36.0 36.0 34.6 33.6 33.6 27.7 -8.3
Kenya 62.0 62.0 62.0 63.7 61.4 59.7 63.5 62.8 63.2 65.2 +5.5
Lesotho 41.0 52.1 52.1 49.7 46.5 46.9 47.0 49.0 48.5 51.5 +4.6
Liberia 17.8 18.6 19.5 20.3 21.2 24.6 39.0 38.8 38.8 37.6 +13.0
Libya 47.3 47.3 47.3 47.3 50.6 48.4 56.0 47.9 39.8 23.8 -24.6
Madagascar 54.3 55.2 57.1 62.8 64.4 62.2 55.6 53.3 51.7 53.6 -8.6
Malawi 51.1 51.1 51.1 52.1 56.6 56.3 55.7 54.4 52.9 53.4 -2.9
Mali 54.4 55.0 55.0 56.8 61.0 64.9 60.9 60.8 60.8 60.7 -4.2
Mauritania 46.6 41.9 46.5 47.8 52.2 50.6 58.0 58.2 59.0 57.2 +6.6
Mauritius 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.7 80.4 80.7 81.1 80.4 80.4 80.0 -0.7
Morocco 52.6 53.8 53.8 63.0 63.9 64.2 64.0 63.9 63.8 76.7 +12.5
Mozambique 56.2 55.9 54.3 56.4 55.0 56.4 58.5 56.6 58.4 57.9 +1.5
Namibia 45.8 46.6 49.0 51.1 55.8 60.1 60.5 59.4 59.1 58.8 -1.3
Niger 45.4 42.8 42.8 43.3 54.4 59.4 59.4 59.4 56.3 56.3 -3.1
Nigeria 46.1 45.5 44.1 45.6 44.0 51.3 50.3 50.1 49.1 55.6 +4.3
Rwanda 57.6 63.6 72.9 63.8 66.9 71.2 72.5 75.0 76.9 76.4 +5.2
Senegal 62.6 59.2 59.2 56.5 59.8 67.0 64.1 63.8 65.5 65.3 -1.7
Seychelles 57.2 60.8 59.1 57.4 55.8 54.1 58.7 63.4 68.0 68.7 +14.6
Sierra Leone 32.6 30.6 30.7 45.9 52.1 55.8 55.8 54.6 54.6 54.3 -1.5
Somalia . . . . . . . . . . .
South Africa 48.9 53.8 56.4 59.9 63.5 64.4 64.5 59.1 58.9 58.4 -6.0
Swaziland 26.0 29.6 32.2 32.3 50.7 47.2 47.2 46.1 49.0 55.5 +8.3
Tanzania 66.7 64.4 65.3 67.4 70.8 70.6 70.4 67.6 56.8 63.3 -7.3
Togo 26.5 28.0 28.1 30.2 32.4 34.5 36.6 31.8 38.5 36.9 +2.4
Tunisia 66.6 70.5 70.5 71.8 71.5 71.2 70.5 75.9 69.0 67.8 -3.4
Uganda 70.6 69.7 69.7 68.9 62.2 61.6 63.4 64.4 65.3 62.7 +1.1
Zambia 55.1 55.6 57.4 55.6 52.4 53.3 52.9 55.3 56.7 57.0 +3.7
Zimbabwe 20.2 11.6 11.6 9.8 8.0 8.6 9.3 11.6 12.5 11.9 +3.3
African Average 46.5 46.6 47.9 48.6 51.3 53.6 54.0 53.8 53.8 53.8 +0.1
Central Africa 34.5 34.9 35.4 35.4 39.0 41.9 43.4 44.4 44.5 44.6 +2.7
East Africa 54.7 55.4 57.2 56.5 55.0 55.7 56.2 56.9 57.4 58.6 +2.9
North Africa 54.4 54.8 55.5 58.1 59.6 60.8 62.6 62.1 59.7 57.1 -3.7
Southern Africa 44.3 45.8 47.5 48.6 53.0 53.5 53.0 52.4 52.7 53.3 -0.2
West Africa 45.9 44.3 45.5 46.6 50.6 55.7 55.5 54.6 54.9 54.5 -1.2

55
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY RURAL SECTOR | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
17 13 15 13 25 28 29 26 27 30 -2 Algeria
49 47 42 41 40 41 41 44 42 43 -2 Angola
14 12 14 15 20 16 13 15 14 22 -6 Benin
8 6 6 10 10 12 16 14 11 14 -2 Botswana
13 15 17 16 12 4 3 6 7 6 -2 Burkina Faso
38 38 39 39 36 25 36 35 31 33 -8 Burundi
6 9 8 4 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 Cabo Verde
35 30 32 33 16 22 19 19 18 20 +2 Cameroon
47 50 50 50 49 50 48 41 47 49 +1 CAR
37 36 36 38 38 45 45 43 44 42 +3 Chad
39 39 37 37 46 48 49 48 49 47 +1 Comoros
42 42 45 46 41 38 38 38 39 39 -1 Congo
31 34 38 40 45 44 44 46 48 44 0 Côte d'Ivoire
46 40 43 44 39 35 37 37 38 25 +10 DRC
28 29 31 32 42 43 46 45 34 37 +6 Djibouti
11 11 11 11 8 3 5 5 4 12 -9 Egypt
20 19 19 22 33 33 32 31 30 36 -3 Eritrea
9 8 7 9 6 15 9 9 16 11 +4 Ethiopia
43 46 48 48 48 40 39 40 40 41 -1 Gabon
23 32 27 24 23 9 8 8 5 5 +4 Gambia
15 23 23 29 18 10 20 17 15 16 -6 Ghana
24 27 28 27 27 30 35 36 37 38 -8 Guinea
50 48 40 43 44 46 50 49 50 48 -2 Guinea-Bissau
5 5 5 6 14 20 14 16 13 10 +10 Kenya
36 24 24 26 34 37 34 32 35 34 +3 Lesotho
51 49 49 49 50 49 43 47 45 45 +4 Liberia
29 28 30 31 32 34 25 33 43 50 -16 Libya
21 17 13 8 7 17 28 29 29 31 -14 Madagascar
26 26 26 23 19 24 27 28 28 32 -8 Malawi
19 18 18 17 15 11 17 18 17 17 -6 Mali
30 37 33 30 29 32 24 23 20 23 +9 Mauritania
22 20 21 21 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 Mauritius
25 21 22 7 9 14 12 11 12 3 +11 Morocco
16 14 20 19 24 23 23 24 22 21 +2 Mozambique
33 31 29 25 21 19 18 20 19 18 +1 Namibia
34 35 35 36 26 21 21 21 25 26 -5 Niger
32 33 34 35 37 31 31 30 32 27 +4 Nigeria
10 4 1 5 5 6 4 4 3 4 +2 Rwanda
4 10 9 18 17 8 11 12 9 9 -1 Senegal
12 7 10 14 22 27 22 13 8 7 +20 Seychelles
40 43 46 34 30 26 26 27 26 29 -3 Sierra Leone
. . . . . . . . . . . Somalia
27 22 16 12 11 13 10 22 21 19 -6 South Africa
45 44 44 45 31 36 33 34 33 28 +8 Swaziland
2 3 4 3 4 7 7 7 23 13 -6 Tanzania
44 45 47 47 47 47 47 50 46 46 +1 Togo
3 1 2 1 3 5 6 3 6 8 -3 Tunisia
1 2 3 2 13 18 15 10 10 15 +3 Uganda
18 16 12 20 28 29 30 25 24 24 +5 Zambia
48 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 0 Zimbabwe

Human Development
56
25 indicators
5 indicators 9 indicators 6 indicators 5 indicators
Judicial Process
(EIUD EIU)
Sanctions
(SIA CDD)
Social Unrest
(EIUD EIU)
Transfers of Power
(EIUD EIU)
Safety of the
Person
(EIUD EIU)
Judicial
Independence
Judicial
Independence
(BTI BS)
Judicial
Independence
(GCR WEF)
Judicial
Independence
(AII GI)
Property Rights
Property Rights*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Property Rights
(BTI BS)
Property Freedom
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights
(GCR WEF)
Cross-border
Tensions
(EIUD EIU)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in Rural
Areas (PBAS IFAD)
Corruption
& Bureaucracy
(WGI WB)
Accountability
of Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Corruption in
Government
& Public Officials
(EIUD EIU)
Prosecution of
Abuse of Office
(BTI BS)
Diversion of Public
Funds (GCR WEF)
Public Sector
Corruption Bodies
(AII GI)
Access to
Information
Public Information
(AII GI)
Access to
Legislative
Processes &
Documents (AII GI)
Political Terror
(PTS PTS)
Violent Crime
(EIUD EIU)
Human Trafficking
(TIP USDS)
Domestic Armed
Conflict
(EIUD EIU)
Political Refugees
(OPD UNHCR)
Internally
Displaced People
(GOT IDMC)
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
Accountability,
Transparency &
Corruption in the
Public Sector
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Police Services
(GCR WEF)
Government
Involvement in
Armed Conflict
(UCDP UCDP)
18 indicators
Free & Fair
Executive Elections
(AEI IREEP)
Free & Fair
Elections (BTI BS)
Political
Participation
(DI EIU)
Effective Power
to Govern (BTI BS)
Political Rights
(FITW FH)
Gender Equality
Gender Balance
in Education
(WDI WB)
Women's
Participation in
the Labour Force
(WDI WB)
Equal
Representation
in Rural Areas
(PBAS IFAD)
Women in
Parliament
(WDI WB)
Legislation on
Violence against
Women (GID-DB/
SIGI OECD)
Gender Equality
in the Workplace
(AII GI)
Gender Equality in
Appointments to
Cabinet (AII GI)
Human Rights
(EIUD EIU)
Freedom of
Expression
Freedom of
Expression (BTI BS)
Press Freedom
(FOTP FH)
Press Freedom
(WPFI RSF)
Freedom of
Association
& Assembly
Freedom of
Association &
Assembly (BTI BS)
Freedom of
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil
Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties
(FITW FH)
8 indicators
International
Human Rights
Conventions
(MTDSG UNOLA/
TBD OHCHR)
Gender Equality
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
*Cluster within a
for data source and
Indicator
(Data source
and institution
acronym)
Clustered
indicator
Variable
(Data source
and institution
acronym)

57
(BBSC WB)
Public Resources
for Rural
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Land & Water for
Low-income Rural
Populations
Agricultural
Research &
Extension Services
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Input
& Produce Markets
(PBAS IFAD)
Policy & Legal
Framework
for Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Dialogue Between
Government
& Rural
Organisations
(PBAS IFAD)
Agricultural Policy
Costs (GCR WEF)
Public
Administration
Public
Administration
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Diversification
(AEO AfDB/
OECD/UNDP/
UNECA)
Reserves
(CD EIU)
Budget
Management
Budget
Management
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of Total
Revenue to Total
Expenditure
(ASY AU/AfDB/
UNECA)
Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Ratio of External
Debt Service
to Exports
(CD EIU)
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Access to Financial
Companies
(AII GI)
Competitive
Environment
Competitive
Environment*
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Competition
(BTI BS)
Competitive
Bidding (AII GI)
Investment
Climate
(IEF HER/WSJ)
Investment
Climate for Rural
Businesses
(PBAS IFAD)
Rural Financial
Services
Development
(PBAS IFAD)
Bureaucracy & Red
Tape (EIUD EIU)
Customs
Procedures
(GCR WEF)
Soundness
of Banks
(GCR WEF)
Electricity Supply
(GCR WEF)
Access to Land
(PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water
for Agriculture
(PBAS IFAD)
Road Network
(GCR WEF)
Rail Network
(EIUD EIU)
Air Transport
Quality of Air
Transport
(GCR WEF)
Air Transport
Safety (AII GI)
Telephone & IT
Infrastructure
Telephone
Network
(EIUD EIU)
IT Infrastructure
(EIUD EIU)
Digital
Connectivity
Mobile Phone
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Household
Computers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Internet
Subscribers
(WT/ICTD ITU)
Access to Water
Access to Piped
Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Access to
Improved Water
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
31 indicators
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Welfare Regime
(BTI BS)
Education
Provision &
Quality (BTI BS)
Educational
System Quality
(GCR WEF)
Ratio of Pupils
to Teachers in
Primary School
(UIS UNESCO)
Primary School
Completion
(WDI WB)
Progression to
Secondary School
(WDI WB)
Tertiary Enrolment
(UIS UNESCO)
Literacy
(UIS UNESCO)
Maternal Mortality
(GHO WHO)
Child Mortality
(CME IGME)
Social Protection
& Labour
Social Protection
& Labour
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Social Exclusion
(BTI BS)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
Welfare Services
(Health &
Education)
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Equity of Public
Resource Use
Equity of Public
Resource Use
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Environmental
Policy (BTI BS)
Environmental
Sustainability
Environmental
Sustainability
(CPA AfDB)
(IRAI WB)
Immunisation
(Measles, DPT &
Hepatitis B)
Immunisation
against Measles
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against DPT
(WDI WB)
Immunisation
against Hepatitis B
(GHO WHO)
Antiretroviral
Treatment
Provision
ART Provision
(AD UNAIDS)
ART Provision for
Pregnant Women
(AD UNAIDS)
Disease
(Malaria & TB)
Malaria
(GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis
(GHO WHO)
Undernourishment
(WDI WB)
Access to
Sanitation
Access to Improved
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
Open Defecation
Sanitation
(WHO/UNICEF
JMP WHO)
7 indicators
21 indicators

58
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 68.5 69.3 70.7 72.4 73.7 74.8 76.0 77.1 77.2 77.5 +2.7
Angola 36.3 35.2 37.1 41.3 42.8 43.4 46.6 48.7 49.8 48.6 +5.3
Benin 49.6 50.4 50.5 51.9 53.7 54.8 56.4 57.4 58.2 58.5 +3.7
Botswana 73.1 73.9 75.1 75.0 75.8 77.2 77.7 79.4 80.3 80.4 +3.3
Burkina Faso 44.3 45.2 45.9 48.3 48.5 48.0 47.9 49.4 51.6 51.2 +3.2
Burundi 42.0 42.8 44.8 47.8 47.5 46.8 48.7 50.4 52.2 52.7 +5.9
Cabo Verde 78.3 79.8 80.3 81.2 82.3 83.7 85.1 84.6 83.4 81.6 -2.0
Cameroon 52.6 54.6 54.1 55.8 56.6 55.5 57.9 58.7 59.6 59.6 +4.1
CAR 30.6 30.0 30.2 31.6 31.3 33.8 35.2 36.4 37.3 34.3 +0.5
Chad 30.9 30.9 32.0 32.9 32.7 34.4 34.8 36.2 37.6 37.1 +2.7
Comoros 51.0 52.8 53.3 53.9 54.6 57.1 54.4 54.6 55.4 55.7 -1.4
Congo 44.8 44.8 46.1 48.1 49.1 46.5 49.0 52.5 51.0 51.2 +4.6
Côte d'Ivoire 43.4 43.8 43.0 43.1 43.0 42.5 43.9 43.3 47.8 48.3 +5.8
DRC 40.0 40.5 41.4 43.6 43.6 42.4 42.1 43.2 44.5 45.2 +2.8
Djibouti 51.7 52.9 53.9 54.7 57.8 56.9 57.8 56.6 57.0 56.4 -0.5
Egypt 72.4 72.6 72.8 73.6 74.1 70.9 71.2 69.8 69.8 69.4 -1.5
Eritrea 48.5 49.7 47.1 46.7 48.1 47.9 46.0 43.7 43.3 43.5 -4.4
Ethiopia 44.2 45.3 46.1 48.1 50.1 51.0 52.1 54.0 56.2 56.9 +5.9
Gabon 56.2 57.1 57.9 59.7 61.3 59.7 61.7 61.5 62.7 62.8 +3.1
Gambia 60.6 60.8 61.4 61.4 64.3 62.5 63.7 64.8 65.8 65.4 +2.9
Ghana 64.2 66.2 67.5 70.1 71.2 69.3 71.9 73.3 75.1 75.5 +6.2
Guinea 43.9 45.6 43.8 43.6 43.7 44.0 45.0 43.7 46.7 47.5 +3.5
Guinea-Bissau 41.6 44.6 44.1 46.7 47.6 47.4 51.2 51.2 48.5 46.7 -0.7
Kenya 57.9 57.3 58.4 59.0 60.6 61.4 62.2 64.5 63.9 64.6 +3.2
Lesotho 55.2 56.0 58.0 57.9 58.1 57.8 58.3 59.8 59.0 59.3 +1.5
Liberia 37.7 39.6 41.8 43.7 48.6 47.3 48.7 52.2 54.1 53.6 +6.3
Libya 75.6 75.7 76.6 77.3 78.1 77.8 76.3 71.5 69.7 67.4 -10.4
Madagascar 55.2 56.3 56.1 56.7 56.2 53.3 53.3 50.6 48.9 48.6 -4.7
Malawi 49.6 50.5 51.3 51.3 52.8 52.8 54.7 55.4 56.3 56.8 +4.0
Mali 47.3 48.6 50.0 52.4 52.3 51.2 52.8 54.5 52.9 51.6 +0.4
Mauritania 50.3 50.7 51.4 51.7 51.7 49.0 49.1 50.3 51.2 52.6 +3.6
Mauritius 83.5 84.2 85.4 87.1 87.7 84.0 84.1 85.9 85.7 85.6 +1.6
Morocco 65.1 67.8 67.6 67.8 68.0 65.8 67.8 69.9 70.5 70.1 +4.3
Mozambique 47.1 48.8 47.2 45.5 48.4 49.3 51.4 50.5 51.5 50.5 +1.2
Namibia 64.0 64.2 64.7 65.7 65.0 64.7 66.8 66.8 67.8 68.9 +4.2
Niger 37.5 37.9 37.3 39.4 40.6 43.0 43.9 45.8 46.7 45.8 +2.8
Nigeria 50.5 51.8 53.5 53.5 53.8 53.3 52.3 52.7 52.9 53.0 -0.3
Rwanda 56.6 57.5 58.7 57.6 61.6 64.4 65.6 69.0 70.8 72.1 +7.7
Senegal 54.9 56.8 57.3 58.4 59.5 60.0 61.5 63.2 63.5 63.4 +3.5
Seychelles 81.3 80.2 82.1 82.0 82.9 82.0 83.1 84.1 83.9 84.4 +2.4
Sierra Leone 38.2 39.3 38.5 40.7 41.9 42.2 42.8 45.4 46.2 47.1 +4.9
Somalia 13.8 13.4 13.3 26.2 13.8 13.6 14.0 13.1 13.7 14.1 +0.6
South Africa 77.6 77.1 78.6 78.7 78.3 76.2 77.6 78.5 78.7 78.8 +2.6
Swaziland 61.1 58.3 61.3 61.9 62.0 61.2 62.2 61.7 61.8 62.6 +1.4
Tanzania 52.9 53.7 54.9 57.0 57.8 56.8 57.7 57.3 59.5 59.6 +2.8
Togo 44.5 44.8 44.9 45.2 46.5 46.9 50.5 52.7 54.4 54.6 +7.7
Tunisia 85.9 85.7 87.2 89.5 88.1 86.5 86.9 83.6 82.0 81.0 -5.5
Uganda 57.0 58.1 59.3 60.7 61.3 61.0 62.2 62.4 63.4 62.8 +1.8
Zambia 54.9 57.1 57.2 58.0 59.9 60.4 60.3 59.5 60.8 61.4 +1.0
Zimbabwe 47.7 47.9 47.6 48.1 45.6 43.3 46.4 53.4 53.6 53.9 +10.6
African Average 53.5 54.3 54.9 56.2 56.8 56.4 57.5 58.3 58.8 58.7 +2.3
Central Africa 45.9 46.4 46.9 48.5 49.2 48.8 50.5 51.6 52.2 51.8 +3.0
East Africa 50.6 51.3 52.0 54.0 54.2 54.5 54.9 55.4 56.3 56.6 +2.2
North Africa 69.6 70.3 71.1 72.1 72.3 70.8 71.2 70.4 70.1 69.7 -1.1
Southern Africa 58.8 59.1 60.0 60.6 61.1 60.3 61.6 62.5 62.8 62.9 +2.7
West Africa 49.1 50.3 50.7 52.0 53.2 53.1 54.5 55.6 56.5 56.3 +3.2

59
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
9 9 9 9 9 8 8 7 7 7 +1 Algeria
49 49 49 47 47 44 42 43 41 41 +3 Angola
32 32 32 31 30 28 27 24 25 25 +3 Benin
7 7 7 7 7 6 5 5 5 5 +1 Botswana
39 39 39 34 37 36 41 42 37 38 -2 Burkina Faso
43 44 41 38 41 41 39 40 36 35 +6 Burundi
4 4 4 4 4 3 2 2 3 3 0 Cabo Verde
26 24 26 26 26 27 24 23 22 22 +5 Cameroon
51 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 51 51 0 CAR
50 50 50 50 50 50 51 51 50 50 0 Chad
28 28 29 28 28 24 29 29 30 30 -6 Comoros
37 41 37 36 35 42 38 35 40 39 +3 Congo
42 43 44 46 46 47 46 48 44 43 +4 Côte d'Ivoire
45 45 46 45 45 48 49 49 48 48 0 DRC
27 27 27 27 25 25 25 27 27 29 -4 Djibouti
8 8 8 8 8 9 10 11 11 11 -2 Egypt
33 33 36 40 39 37 44 47 49 49 -12 Eritrea
40 38 38 37 34 33 33 31 29 27 +6 Ethiopia
19 19 20 17 16 20 19 20 19 18 +2 Gabon
14 13 13 14 13 14 14 15 15 15 -1 Gambia
11 11 11 10 10 10 9 8 8 8 +2 Ghana
41 37 43 44 44 43 45 46 45 44 -1 Guinea
44 42 42 39 40 38 35 37 43 46 -8 Guinea-Bissau
16 18 18 18 19 15 18 16 16 16 -1 Kenya
21 23 19 21 23 23 23 21 24 24 -1 Lesotho
47 46 45 43 36 39 40 36 32 33 +6 Liberia
6 6 6 6 6 5 7 9 12 13 -8 Libya
20 22 23 24 27 29 30 38 42 42 -13 Madagascar
31 31 31 33 31 31 28 28 28 28 +3 Malawi
35 35 33 30 32 32 31 30 34 37 -5 Mali
30 30 30 32 33 35 37 41 39 36 -1 Mauritania
2 2 2 2 2 2 3 1 1 1 +1 Mauritius
10 10 10 11 11 11 11 10 10 10 +1 Morocco
36 34 35 41 38 34 34 39 38 40 -6 Mozambique
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 14 13 12 0 Namibia
48 48 48 49 49 46 47 44 46 47 -1 Niger
29 29 28 29 29 30 32 34 35 34 -4 Nigeria
18 17 17 22 15 13 13 12 9 9 +4 Rwanda
23 21 21 19 21 19 20 17 17 17 +2 Senegal
3 3 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 2 +2 Seychelles
46 47 47 48 48 49 48 45 47 45 +4 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
5 5 5 5 5 7 6 6 6 6 +1 South Africa
13 15 14 13 14 16 17 19 20 20 -4 Swaziland
25 26 24 23 24 26 26 26 23 23 +3 Tanzania
38 40 40 42 42 40 36 33 31 31 +9 Togo
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 -3 Tunisia
17 16 15 15 17 17 16 18 18 19 -2 Uganda
22 20 22 20 20 18 22 22 21 21 -3 Zambia
34 36 34 35 43 45 43 32 33 32 +13 Zimbabwe

60
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WELFARE | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 49.8 51.0 54.2 54.1 58.6 59.7 60.7 63.3 63.3 63.3 +3.6
Angola 31.4 27.5 30.8 31.6 34.3 38.9 41.6 44.5 44.4 40.1 +1.3
Benin 50.8 50.8 49.3 49.7 52.1 53.6 56.2 56.0 56.9 58.4 +4.8
Botswana 67.4 68.9 72.5 73.0 73.0 73.0 72.5 77.2 78.2 79.2 +6.3
Burkina Faso 54.8 55.7 51.8 53.7 52.7 52.4 51.4 52.2 55.0 54.2 +1.7
Burundi 35.2 34.9 39.5 45.8 45.3 44.7 46.4 47.1 51.3 51.6 +6.9
Cabo Verde 83.6 86.8 85.4 87.0 87.0 87.0 88.4 86.6 81.7 76.1 -10.9
Cameroon 53.7 52.8 48.7 49.7 50.3 50.8 51.6 52.3 51.2 50.5 -0.3
CAR 26.7 23.1 23.4 25.4 25.4 29.2 29.2 30.3 31.6 22.5 -6.7
Chad 38.1 35.3 33.1 33.9 31.9 31.9 30.8 34.4 35.0 35.0 +3.0
Comoros 32.8 39.1 39.1 39.1 36.9 38.7 37.1 40.5 42.6 43.6 +4.9
Congo 40.0 39.2 37.2 38.9 38.9 39.7 41.2 43.5 44.4 44.7 +4.9
Côte d'Ivoire 31.9 31.1 28.8 28.4 27.5 29.4 28.8 30.3 35.4 35.7 +6.3
DRC 25.7 25.9 27.7 27.9 27.9 27.9 28.8 28.8 29.7 31.4 +3.5
Djibouti 53.4 53.4 53.4 51.9 56.2 59.3 61.1 54.9 55.5 53.5 -5.9
Egypt 52.7 52.1 52.7 53.9 55.7 55.7 55.7 52.3 51.2 50.1 -5.6
Eritrea 45.1 47.7 41.6 39.9 41.5 41.0 35.8 27.1 21.7 21.9 -19.1
Ethiopia 50.8 52.1 50.6 50.9 51.9 52.2 51.4 51.6 58.9 63.2 +11.0
Gabon 47.2 47.2 47.2 47.2 50.3 50.3 55.9 52.8 52.8 52.8 +2.4
Gambia 54.1 52.7 52.9 51.3 54.4 57.8 59.5 59.9 59.0 58.4 +0.7
Ghana 60.3 64.4 68.0 71.0 72.5 72.1 73.1 72.2 74.5 74.0 +1.9
Guinea 41.8 43.3 37.8 34.1 35.7 37.2 38.5 37.3 43.2 44.8 +7.5
Guinea-Bissau 37.5 44.8 41.6 46.2 46.2 44.4 50.8 50.8 40.7 34.9 -9.4
Kenya 48.8 48.4 50.3 50.8 52.1 55.4 56.4 57.3 57.8 60.1 +4.8
Lesotho 46.8 47.7 51.1 51.1 49.4 49.4 49.4 51.1 50.6 50.6 +1.3
Liberia 19.9 20.7 27.2 30.7 33.3 36.9 40.2 44.4 46.0 45.9 +9.0
Libya 61.5 61.9 61.9 61.9 64.0 66.1 62.6 45.7 42.0 38.3 -27.8
Madagascar 61.9 61.9 60.0 60.8 59.8 56.1 52.1 44.1 39.9 39.9 -16.2
Malawi 44.4 44.9 46.3 46.7 49.1 51.7 52.3 52.1 51.3 53.2 +1.5
Mali 50.3 50.3 51.0 55.2 52.4 51.3 52.4 54.1 48.8 45.1 -6.3
Mauritania 53.8 53.1 53.1 54.0 53.8 50.1 49.0 51.1 50.7 53.5 +3.4
Mauritius 78.2 78.2 80.2 83.8 82.8 81.8 80.8 83.1 82.1 81.1 -0.7
Morocco 52.8 59.1 55.9 54.1 54.7 56.8 57.8 58.9 57.8 56.8 0.0
Mozambique 53.8 56.3 52.3 48.2 51.3 52.4 53.3 50.7 53.0 51.6 -0.8
Namibia 68.5 68.9 68.8 68.7 67.2 65.8 65.8 65.8 66.8 67.8 +2.0
Niger 43.0 41.3 40.3 42.9 42.5 44.1 44.1 46.9 49.0 47.7 +3.6
Nigeria 42.6 43.5 46.4 47.8 46.4 45.9 45.9 47.6 50.7 52.6 +6.8
Rwanda 56.9 57.7 58.6 55.9 63.6 67.8 68.4 69.7 75.0 77.4 +9.6
Senegal 56.8 57.1 54.6 53.8 53.8 54.7 56.3 59.7 60.1 60.1 +5.4
Seychelles 70.1 64.6 70.1 70.1 73.9 72.9 75.7 78.8 78.8 78.8 +5.9
Sierra Leone 37.0 39.1 35.8 38.1 38.1 40.9 41.1 42.9 42.3 42.4 +1.5
Somalia 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.9 2.1 -1.3
South Africa 77.8 73.9 77.8 78.4 76.8 75.2 75.2 76.8 77.4 77.9 +2.7
Swaziland 49.7 41.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 47.2 47.2 47.2 -2.8
Tanzania 55.2 55.9 54.4 57.0 57.5 58.1 57.9 54.1 57.5 59.9 +1.9
Togo 28.1 27.6 29.4 29.4 31.3 31.3 33.9 35.8 39.7 40.1 +8.8
Tunisia 76.6 74.3 77.0 81.4 79.3 77.2 78.2 70.7 69.1 67.5 -9.6
Uganda 62.9 64.4 62.9 63.1 65.8 67.0 66.9 64.3 63.3 61.9 -5.1
Zambia 54.4 54.6 52.4 49.3 53.3 54.5 52.6 51.6 51.1 51.0 -3.5
Zimbabwe 26.6 26.9 26.6 27.1 19.2 16.3 19.4 28.6 30.3 32.3 +16.0
African Average 48.4 48.5 48.7 49.5 50.2 50.8 51.5 51.4 51.8 51.5 +0.7
Central Africa 38.1 36.7 35.9 37.6 38.4 39.0 41.1 42.3 42.5 41.5 +2.4
East Africa 46.6 47.1 47.3 47.7 49.5 51.0 51.0 49.6 51.2 52.2 +1.2
North Africa 57.9 58.6 59.1 59.9 61.0 60.9 60.7 57.0 55.7 54.9 -6.0
Southern Africa 55.1 54.2 55.7 55.7 55.5 55.4 55.4 56.1 56.0 56.0 +0.6
West Africa 46.2 47.3 46.7 47.9 48.4 49.3 50.7 51.8 52.2 51.4 +2.1

61
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WELFARE | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
27 25 16 16 13 12 13 11 10 10 +2 Algeria
45 46 44 44 43 41 38 37 36 40 +1 Angola
25 26 29 29 24 22 19 17 19 18 +4 Benin
7 6 5 5 6 5 7 4 4 2 +3 Botswana
15 17 23 20 22 23 30 24 21 20 +3 Burkina Faso
42 43 38 36 36 35 35 34 24 27 +8 Burundi
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 -5 Cabo Verde
20 21 30 28 29 28 28 23 26 30 -2 Cameroon
47 50 51 51 50 49 48 48 48 50 -1 CAR
39 42 43 43 46 46 47 46 47 46 0 Chad
43 41 39 39 41 42 43 42 39 38 +4 Comoros
38 39 41 40 39 40 39 40 37 37 +3 Congo
44 44 46 47 49 48 49 47 46 45 +3 Côte d'Ivoire
49 48 47 48 48 50 50 49 50 49 +1 DRC
21 19 17 21 15 13 12 18 20 22 -9 Djibouti
23 24 20 18 16 18 22 22 27 31 -13 Egypt
33 29 36 38 38 38 44 51 51 51 -13 Eritrea
24 23 26 25 26 25 29 26 15 11 +14 Ethiopia
31 31 31 33 28 29 20 21 23 24 +5 Gabon
17 22 19 22 18 15 14 13 14 17 -2 Gambia
11 9 8 6 7 7 6 6 7 7 0 Ghana
37 36 40 42 42 43 42 43 38 36 +7 Guinea
40 34 35 35 35 36 31 30 42 47 -11 Guinea-Bissau
30 28 27 26 25 19 17 16 17 13 +6 Kenya
32 29 24 23 32 33 33 28 31 29 +4 Lesotho
51 51 48 45 44 44 41 38 35 34 +10 Liberia
10 10 10 10 10 10 11 36 41 43 -33 Libya
9 11 11 11 12 17 27 39 43 42 -25 Madagascar
34 33 34 34 33 26 26 25 25 23 +3 Malawi
26 27 25 14 23 27 25 19 33 35 -8 Mali
18 20 18 17 20 30 34 29 30 21 +9 Mauritania
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 +1 Mauritius
22 12 13 15 17 16 16 15 16 19 -3 Morocco
19 15 22 31 27 24 23 31 22 26 -2 Mozambique
6 5 7 8 8 11 10 9 9 8 +3 Namibia
35 37 37 37 37 37 37 35 32 32 +5 Niger
36 35 33 32 34 34 36 32 29 25 +9 Nigeria
12 13 12 13 11 8 8 8 6 5 +3 Rwanda
13 14 14 19 19 20 18 14 12 14 +6 Senegal
5 7 6 7 5 6 4 3 3 3 +3 Seychelles
41 40 42 41 40 39 40 41 40 39 0 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
3 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 5 4 0 South Africa
28 38 28 27 30 31 32 33 34 33 -2 Swaziland
14 16 15 12 14 14 15 20 18 15 -1 Tanzania
46 45 45 46 47 47 46 44 44 41 +6 Togo
4 3 4 3 3 3 3 7 8 9 -6 Tunisia
8 8 9 9 9 9 9 10 11 12 -3 Uganda
16 18 21 30 21 21 24 27 28 28 -7 Zambia
48 47 49 49 51 51 51 50 49 48 +3 Zimbabwe

62
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 62.1 62.9 62.9 67.3 66.8 68.3 70.6 71.2 71.6 72.3 +4.0
Angola 29.7 30.0 30.0 30.5 31.9 34.1 36.5 39.5 40.2 40.9 +6.8
Benin 32.5 34.5 34.9 36.7 39.3 42.9 45.8 47.7 46.3 45.9 +3.0
Botswana 74.2 74.3 73.5 72.0 73.7 76.2 76.3 75.4 75.9 75.0 -1.1
Burkina Faso 22.4 22.9 23.9 26.2 26.6 27.2 26.9 28.4 30.4 30.1 +2.9
Burundi 31.9 33.5 33.5 34.8 35.0 35.7 37.9 40.7 40.6 41.6 +6.0
Cabo Verde 65.7 66.0 68.1 68.4 71.0 73.0 75.7 76.5 77.2 77.5 +4.5
Cameroon 40.2 40.9 42.2 45.2 46.4 48.1 51.0 52.0 53.4 54.1 +6.0
CAR 22.3 22.1 21.2 21.9 19.0 19.4 22.0 23.5 24.0 24.0 +4.6
Chad 16.8 18.0 21.3 24.0 25.2 28.6 30.1 29.1 29.3 27.8 -0.8
Comoros 53.1 53.8 54.5 55.2 58.3 59.6 60.5 62.0 62.9 62.9 +3.3
Congo 33.6 35.0 39.6 38.6 39.5 37.8 41.8 49.9 44.5 44.5 +6.8
Côte d'Ivoire 34.7 34.6 34.5 35.2 35.9 38.1 37.8 36.8 38.3 39.3 +1.1
DRC 45.1 45.2 45.2 45.3 46.1 46.9 46.9 47.1 48.6 48.6 +1.8
Djibouti 39.3 40.9 42.4 42.1 42.5 43.6 44.0 45.6 45.6 45.7 +2.1
Egypt 67.7 68.2 67.7 68.8 68.9 70.0 70.0 68.1 68.7 68.5 -1.4
Eritrea 42.7 43.0 40.7 40.5 42.0 43.1 44.3 43.8 43.7 43.7 +0.6
Ethiopia 35.3 34.8 36.2 37.2 38.8 42.7 45.1 47.6 44.8 42.4 -0.3
Gabon 52.8 53.0 53.3 53.6 53.9 54.2 54.5 54.7 54.7 55.1 +0.9
Gambia 49.4 51.2 51.8 53.6 57.6 56.2 55.9 57.4 59.1 58.3 +2.0
Ghana 58.3 59.0 58.3 60.7 62.4 63.2 66.8 69.3 69.9 71.6 +8.4
Guinea 32.7 35.2 34.4 32.6 30.5 33.3 34.3 30.5 31.7 32.4 -0.9
Guinea-Bissau 30.5 30.9 31.6 33.6 35.5 37.5 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.3 +2.8
Kenya 59.0 58.1 56.6 56.8 58.2 59.8 60.2 60.9 59.0 58.6 -1.1
Lesotho 50.4 50.3 52.3 52.1 54.6 56.5 57.2 56.6 55.5 56.2 -0.3
Liberia 44.3 44.1 43.9 43.7 50.1 47.9 47.8 48.8 50.8 49.4 +1.5
Libya 66.8 66.9 69.2 71.5 71.5 68.6 67.6 70.0 68.3 65.2 -3.3
Madagascar 39.5 41.0 41.5 41.2 41.7 45.4 48.5 47.6 46.3 45.4 +0.0
Malawi 37.0 37.3 36.5 37.0 37.2 38.1 42.9 41.4 41.9 41.5 +3.4
Mali 28.8 29.5 31.8 34.6 35.3 36.8 38.7 40.7 40.7 40.5 +3.7
Mauritania 33.1 33.2 34.0 32.5 32.7 35.4 35.8 35.6 37.2 38.2 +2.8
Mauritius 73.8 76.1 77.6 79.4 81.8 83.1 84.6 85.0 85.1 85.9 +2.8
Morocco 52.7 53.7 56.2 58.3 57.6 56.3 60.7 65.2 66.1 66.0 +9.7
Mozambique 30.8 32.6 31.2 29.5 33.7 38.3 40.4 39.1 36.1 34.2 -4.1
Namibia 57.9 57.6 58.2 59.9 59.3 58.9 58.7 57.0 57.3 59.6 +0.7
Niger 23.4 25.0 21.7 22.9 24.5 28.7 30.3 30.4 29.4 28.0 -0.6
Nigeria 51.7 52.1 52.5 49.8 49.8 51.7 50.8 49.4 47.7 45.8 -5.9
Rwanda 44.2 43.0 42.6 40.7 42.6 46.0 47.0 53.2 52.1 53.3 +7.3
Senegal 36.6 38.1 40.0 42.0 45.2 47.8 51.3 52.4 51.5 51.2 +3.4
Seychelles 75.3 77.5 77.3 77.2 76.4 74.9 75.1 74.9 74.3 75.9 +1.0
Sierra Leone 39.7 40.4 41.0 41.6 42.2 42.9 43.5 44.1 44.7 47.0 +4.1
Somalia 0.0 0.0 0.0 36.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
South Africa 74.7 75.4 75.2 74.8 75.2 74.6 74.1 73.4 73.1 72.7 -1.9
Swaziland 57.8 57.9 57.9 59.5 59.9 60.2 60.7 61.1 60.8 63.2 +3.0
Tanzania 34.8 36.1 40.2 43.5 44.6 46.2 44.9 45.6 45.6 43.3 -2.9
Togo 44.6 44.8 42.2 43.6 45.5 47.9 51.8 53.0 53.6 53.6 +5.7
Tunisia 84.9 86.1 87.6 89.8 87.5 86.7 88.7 86.0 84.6 83.2 -3.5
Uganda 41.0 41.9 45.8 48.4 46.9 47.9 50.9 52.4 52.0 51.3 +3.4
Zambia 50.5 51.3 53.4 58.1 57.9 57.5 57.2 54.5 57.7 59.4 +1.9
Zimbabwe 52.9 52.9 51.2 51.1 50.3 49.9 52.5 61.0 55.8 54.5 +4.6
African Average 45.8 46.5 47.0 48.5 48.7 49.9 51.3 52.2 52.1 52.0 +2.1
Central Africa 41.8 42.4 43.4 44.0 44.4 45.5 47.5 49.4 49.3 49.0 +3.6
East Africa 41.5 42.1 42.7 46.7 44.1 45.4 46.4 47.9 47.3 47.2 +1.8
North Africa 61.2 61.8 62.9 64.7 64.2 64.2 65.6 66.0 66.1 65.6 +1.4
Southern Africa 52.4 53.0 53.2 53.8 54.8 56.1 57.5 57.7 57.2 57.4 +1.3
West Africa 39.7 40.5 40.7 41.7 43.4 45.0 46.5 47.0 47.4 47.4 +2.4

63
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
10 10 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 +2 Algeria
46 46 47 47 46 46 45 43 43 41 +5 Angola
42 41 39 40 37 35 32 31 31 31 +4 Benin
4 5 5 6 5 3 3 4 4 6 -3 Botswana
49 49 48 49 48 50 50 50 48 48 +2 Burkina Faso
43 42 43 42 43 44 43 41 41 39 +5 Burundi
9 9 8 9 8 7 4 3 3 3 +4 Cabo Verde
30 32 29 26 26 24 25 27 24 23 +1 Cameroon
50 50 51 52 51 51 51 51 51 51 0 CAR
51 51 50 50 49 49 49 49 50 50 -1 Chad
16 15 16 17 14 14 14 14 14 14 0 Comoros
39 38 36 36 36 41 39 28 37 35 +6 Congo
38 40 40 41 40 39 44 45 44 44 -5 Côte d'Ivoire
24 24 25 25 27 29 31 34 29 29 0 DRC
33 31 28 30 32 33 36 36 33 33 0 Djibouti
7 7 9 8 9 8 9 11 10 10 -2 Egypt
28 28 33 35 34 34 35 38 38 36 -2 Eritrea
36 39 38 37 38 37 33 33 35 38 -1 Ethiopia
18 17 18 18 20 20 21 21 22 21 -1 Gabon
23 22 22 19 17 19 20 18 16 19 0 Gambia
12 11 11 11 11 11 11 10 9 9 +2 Ghana
41 37 41 45 47 47 47 47 47 47 0 Guinea
45 45 45 44 41 42 41 42 42 43 -1 Guinea-Bissau
11 12 14 16 15 13 15 17 17 18 -5 Kenya
22 23 20 20 19 17 18 20 21 20 -3 Lesotho
26 26 26 27 23 27 29 30 28 28 -1 Liberia
8 8 7 7 7 9 10 9 11 12 -3 Libya
32 30 31 33 35 32 28 32 32 34 -2 Madagascar
34 35 37 38 39 40 38 39 39 40 0 Malawi
47 47 44 43 42 43 42 40 40 42 +1 Mali
40 43 42 46 45 45 46 46 45 45 0 Mauritania
5 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 +1 Mauritius
19 16 15 14 18 18 13 12 12 11 +7 Morocco
44 44 46 48 44 38 40 44 46 46 -8 Mozambique
13 14 12 12 13 15 17 19 19 16 -1 Namibia
48 48 49 51 50 48 48 48 49 49 -1 Niger
20 20 19 23 24 22 27 29 30 32 -10 Nigeria
27 27 27 34 31 31 30 23 25 25 +6 Rwanda
35 34 35 31 29 28 24 26 27 27 +1 Senegal
2 2 3 3 3 4 5 5 6 4 0 Seychelles
31 33 32 32 33 36 37 37 36 30 +6 Sierra Leone
52 52 52 39 52 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
3 4 4 4 4 6 7 7 7 7 -1 South Africa
14 13 13 13 12 12 12 15 15 13 -1 Swaziland
37 36 34 29 30 30 34 35 34 37 -7 Tanzania
25 25 30 28 28 26 23 24 23 24 +2 Togo
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 -1 Tunisia
29 29 24 24 25 25 26 25 26 26 -1 Uganda
21 21 17 15 16 16 19 22 18 17 -1 Zambia
17 19 23 22 22 23 22 16 20 22 +1 Zimbabwe

64
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HEALTH | SCORE
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2013
SCORE/100
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Algeria 93.5 94.0 95.1 95.9 95.8 96.3 96.7 96.7 96.8 96.8 +0.5
Angola 47.8 48.2 50.5 61.9 62.3 57.2 61.6 62.2 64.8 64.9 +7.7
Benin 65.5 66.0 67.4 69.4 69.5 68.0 67.2 68.5 71.3 71.3 +3.4
Botswana 77.8 78.7 79.3 80.0 80.7 82.3 84.4 85.4 86.9 86.9 +4.6
Burkina Faso 55.6 57.0 62.2 65.0 66.3 64.3 65.5 67.5 69.3 69.4 +5.0
Burundi 58.9 60.1 61.5 62.9 62.2 60.0 61.8 63.3 64.6 64.8 +4.8
Cabo Verde 85.5 86.5 87.3 88.2 88.9 91.0 91.2 90.8 91.3 91.3 +0.3
Cameroon 63.8 70.0 71.4 72.5 73.0 67.6 71.1 71.9 74.2 74.3 +6.6
CAR 42.8 44.9 46.1 47.6 49.4 52.6 54.4 55.3 56.2 56.4 +3.7
Chad 37.8 39.4 41.6 40.7 40.9 42.8 43.5 45.2 48.4 48.7 +5.9
Comoros 67.2 65.5 66.3 67.5 68.6 73.1 65.7 61.3 60.6 60.6 -12.5
Congo 60.9 60.1 61.6 66.7 68.9 62.2 63.9 64.3 64.2 64.3 +2.1
Côte d'Ivoire 63.6 65.8 65.8 65.7 65.6 59.9 65.2 62.6 69.8 69.9 +9.9
DRC 49.1 50.4 51.4 57.7 56.8 52.5 50.5 53.7 55.3 55.5 +3.0
Djibouti 62.5 64.3 65.9 70.1 74.6 67.9 68.3 69.4 70.1 70.1 +2.2
Egypt 96.9 97.5 97.9 98.1 97.7 86.9 88.0 89.0 89.4 89.4 +2.5
Eritrea 57.5 58.5 59.1 59.6 60.9 59.6 58.0 60.2 64.6 64.8 +5.2
Ethiopia 46.5 49.1 51.4 56.2 59.6 58.1 59.8 62.7 64.9 65.0 +6.9
Gabon 68.7 71.1 73.2 78.2 79.7 74.5 74.7 77.1 80.5 80.6 +6.1
Gambia 78.3 78.6 79.4 79.5 80.9 73.6 75.7 77.2 79.4 79.4 +5.9
Ghana 74.0 75.3 76.1 78.6 78.6 72.8 75.9 78.5 80.8 80.9 +8.1
Guinea 57.1 58.2 59.2 64.2 64.8 61.5 62.2 63.5 65.2 65.3 +3.8
Guinea-Bissau 56.8 58.1 59.1 60.4 61.0 60.3 63.3 62.8 64.6 64.7 +4.5
Kenya 66.0 65.5 68.2 69.3 71.4 69.2 70.1 75.3 74.9 75.0 +5.8
Lesotho 68.3 70.1 70.6 70.6 70.5 67.6 68.3 71.6 70.9 71.0 +3.4
Liberia 49.0 53.9 54.3 56.7 62.3 57.1 58.0 63.4 65.5 65.6 +8.4
Libya 98.4 98.3 98.6 98.7 98.7 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.7 98.7 -0.0
Madagascar 64.1 65.9 66.9 68.2 67.2 58.4 59.2 60.1 60.4 60.5 +2.2
Malawi 67.5 69.2 71.1 70.3 72.0 68.6 68.9 72.6 75.7 75.7 +7.1
Mali 62.7 65.9 67.3 67.4 69.1 65.6 67.5 68.5 69.3 69.4 +3.8
Mauritania 63.9 65.9 67.2 68.6 68.7 61.5 62.4 64.1 65.9 66.0 +4.5
Mauritius 98.4 98.3 98.4 98.2 98.4 87.1 87.1 89.5 89.8 89.8 +2.7
Morocco 89.9 90.6 90.8 91.0 91.9 84.3 84.9 85.7 87.5 87.6 +3.3
Mozambique 56.9 57.5 58.1 58.8 60.1 57.1 60.4 61.7 65.4 65.6 +8.4
Namibia 65.5 66.2 67.2 68.4 68.6 69.3 76.0 77.5 79.2 79.3 +9.9
Niger 46.0 47.5 49.9 52.5 54.8 56.2 57.3 60.2 61.6 61.7 +5.5
Nigeria 57.1 59.7 61.4 62.9 65.2 62.2 60.3 61.1 60.3 60.4 -1.8
Rwanda 68.8 71.8 74.8 76.3 78.6 79.4 81.4 84.2 85.3 85.5 +6.1
Senegal 71.2 75.1 77.4 79.4 79.4 77.3 77.0 77.5 78.9 79.0 +1.7
Seychelles 98.5 98.4 98.8 98.8 98.4 98.3 98.6 98.7 98.6 98.6 +0.3
Sierra Leone 37.8 38.4 38.7 42.5 45.5 43.0 43.9 49.1 51.7 51.9 +8.9
Somalia 40.0 40.3 39.9 41.6 41.4 37.3 38.6 39.2 40.1 40.3 +3.0
South Africa 80.3 82.0 82.7 82.8 83.0 78.8 83.6 85.3 85.7 85.7 +6.9
Swaziland 75.8 76.1 76.1 76.1 76.1 73.3 75.9 76.7 77.2 77.3 +4.0
Tanzania 68.6 69.1 70.1 70.5 71.4 66.1 70.2 72.2 75.5 75.6 +9.5
Togo 60.7 62.1 63.2 62.5 62.7 61.4 65.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 +8.7
Tunisia 96.2 96.6 97.2 97.3 97.6 95.7 93.9 94.1 92.3 92.3 -3.5
Uganda 67.1 68.1 69.1 70.6 71.2 68.0 68.8 70.5 74.9 75.0 +7.0
Zambia 59.7 65.3 65.8 66.7 68.4 69.1 71.0 72.5 73.6 73.7 +4.6
Zimbabwe 63.7 63.8 65.1 66.2 67.4 63.8 67.4 70.6 74.6 74.9 +11.2
African Average 66.3 67.8 68.9 70.5 71.5 68.5 69.8 71.1 72.6 72.7 +4.2
Central Africa 57.9 60.1 61.4 64.0 64.9 61.9 62.9 63.2 64.8 64.9 +3.0
East Africa 63.8 64.6 65.9 67.6 69.0 67.0 67.4 68.8 70.4 70.5 +3.5
North Africa 89.8 90.5 91.1 91.6 91.7 87.3 87.4 88.1 88.4 88.5 +1.2
Southern Africa 68.8 70.1 71.0 72.3 72.9 69.4 72.0 73.8 75.4 75.5 +6.1
West Africa 61.4 63.2 64.6 66.3 67.6 64.9 66.4 68.0 69.9 70.0 +5.1

65
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HEALTH | RANK
RANK/52
CHANGE
'09 -'13
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
6 6 6 6 6 3 3 3 3 3 0 Algeria
46 47 47 41 40 44 40 41 38 38 +6 Angola
25 25 25 24 26 25 30 30 26 26 -1 Benin
11 10 11 10 12 9 9 9 9 9 0 Botswana
43 43 36 36 35 31 33 31 31 32 -1 Burkina Faso
37 37 38 39 42 39 39 36 41 39 0 Burundi
8 8 8 8 8 5 5 5 5 5 0 Cabo Verde
29 19 18 18 19 27 19 23 24 24 +3 Cameroon
49 49 49 49 49 48 48 48 48 48 0 CAR
51 51 50 52 52 51 51 51 51 51 0 Chad
21 31 30 30 30 17 31 43 45 45 -28 Comoros
34 36 37 32 28 34 35 32 42 42 -8 Congo
31 29 33 35 36 40 34 39 30 30 +10 Côte d'Ivoire
44 45 46 45 47 49 49 49 49 49 0 DRC
33 33 31 23 18 26 27 28 29 29 -3 Djibouti
4 4 4 4 4 7 6 7 7 7 0 Egypt
38 39 41 43 44 41 46 45 40 40 +1 Eritrea
47 46 45 47 46 43 43 38 37 37 +6 Ethiopia
17 17 17 15 13 13 17 16 13 13 0 Gabon
10 11 10 11 10 14 16 15 14 14 0 Gambia
13 14 14 14 15 18 15 12 12 12 +6 Ghana
40 40 40 37 38 35 38 34 36 36 -1 Guinea
42 41 42 42 43 38 36 37 39 41 -3 Guinea-Bissau
24 30 24 25 21 21 23 19 22 21 0 Kenya
19 18 20 20 24 28 26 24 27 27 +1 Lesotho
45 44 44 46 41 46 45 35 34 35 +11 Liberia
2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 Libya
27 27 29 29 34 42 44 47 46 46 -4 Madagascar
20 20 19 22 20 23 24 20 19 19 +4 Malawi
32 26 26 31 27 30 28 29 32 31 -1 Mali
28 28 27 27 29 36 37 33 33 33 +3 Mauritania
3 3 3 3 3 6 7 6 6 6 0 Mauritius
7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 0 Morocco
41 42 43 44 45 45 41 42 35 34 +11 Mozambique
26 24 28 28 31 20 13 13 15 15 +5 Namibia
48 48 48 48 48 47 47 46 44 44 +3 Niger
39 38 39 38 37 33 42 44 47 47 -14 Nigeria
16 16 16 16 16 10 11 11 11 11 -1 Rwanda
15 15 13 13 14 12 12 14 16 16 -4 Senegal
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 Seychelles
52 52 52 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 0 Sierra Leone
50 50 51 51 51 52 52 52 52 52 0 Somalia
9 9 9 9 9 11 10 10 10 10 +1 South Africa
12 13 15 17 17 16 14 17 17 17 -1 Swaziland
18 21 21 21 22 29 22 22 20 20 +9 Tanzania
35 35 35 40 39 37 32 27 28 28 +9 Togo
5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 0 Tunisia
22 22 22 19 23 24 25 26 21 22 +2 Uganda
36 32 32 33 32 22 20 21 25 25 -3 Zambia
30 34 34 34 33 32 29 25 23 23 +9 Zimbabwe

67
2014 IIAG:
MEASUREMENT
IMPRECISION
68
69
Measurement Imprecision: 2004-2013
Overall Governance
Human Development
Significant Movers in the 2014 IIAG: 2009-2013
70
72
74
76
78
80

68
All governance indices are subject to margins of error (MOE),
and the IIAG is no exception. Poor data quality, as well as
paucity, must be accounted for in order that the IIAG user does
not over-interpret small changes over time, and slight score
differences between countries. MIF publishes standard errors
and confidence intervals alongside the overall governance and
category scores to reflect uncertainty.
The two main sources of uncertainty in the IIAG are
measurement error — the error due to variation between the
value as measured by the source and its true value — and
missingness error, the error due to missing data. These types
of error are combined to produce the measurement and
missingness MOE for each country in each year at the overall
and category levels.
The standard errors obtained by combining the measurement
and missingness errors are used to construct 90% confidence
intervals, using the normal approximation. Cross-country
comparisons and time series comparisons must be made with
caution. When confidence intervals overlap for two countries
or for two years, the difference in governance scores is too
small to be statistically significant. For example, if a country
with a score of 53.0 has an MOE of +/- 8, the precise score
could be anywhere in the range of 45.0 and 61.0. If another
country has a score of 55.0 with the same MOE, then that
country's score could be as low as 47.0 and as high as 63.0.
Statistically, the scores of both countries are "tied".
The graph shows the MOE associated with each country's
overall governance score in 2013.
The bars associated with each country represent the range in
which the user can be 90% confident that the country's true
score lies.
2013 OVERALL GOVERNANCE SCORES
COUNTRY
Mauritius
Cabo Verde
Botswana
South Africa
Seychelles
Namibia
Ghana
Tunisia
Senegal
Lesotho
Rwanda
São Tomé & Príncipe
KEY
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Zambia
Morocco
Tanzania
Malawi
Kenya
Benin
Uganda
Algeria
Burkina Faso
Mozambique
Gambia
Swaziland
Sierra Leone
Egypt
Gabon
Mali
Niger
Comoros
Liberia
Ethiopia
Madagascar
Cameroon
Djibouti
Togo
Nigeria
Burundi
Mauritania
Côte d'Ivoire
Congo
Guinea
Libya
Angola
Equatorial Guinea
Zimbabwe
DRC
Guinea-Bissau
Chad
Eritrea
Somalia
SCORE/100
CAR
Score/100 MOE

69
CHANGE
'09-'13
2009 2013 2009 2013
RANK RANK SCORE CONFIDENCE SCORE
INTERVAL*
CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL*
24th 20th Algeria 53.0 (49.4, 56.5) 54.4 (50.4, 58.4) +1.4
41st 44th Angola 40.6 (36.9, 44.4) 40.9 (37.2, 44.7) +0.3
9th 18th Benin 60.2 (56.8, 63.6) 56.7 (53.1, 60.3) -3.5
3rd 3rd Botswana 74.9 (71.6, 78.1) 76.2 (72.8, 79.5) +1.3
21st 21st Burkina Faso 55.0 (51.4, 58.6) 53.3 (49.7, 56.8) -1.7
36th 38th Burundi 45.4 (41.8, 49.0) 45.3 (41.2, 49.4) -0.1
2nd 2nd Cabo Verde 75.2 (71.5, 79.0) 76.6 (73.3, 79.9) +1.3
33rd 34th Cameroon 46.1 (42.9, 49.4) 47.6 (44.0, 51.3) +1.5
50th 51st CAR 31.1 (27.3, 34.8) 24.8 (21.6, 28.0) -6.2
51st 49th Chad 29.8 (25.8, 33.7) 32.3 (28.4, 36.2) +2.5
29th 30th Comoros 49.1 (44.0, 54.1) 49.3 (44.7, 54.0) +0.3
42nd 41st Congo 40.3 (36.6, 44.0) 43.4 (39.4, 47.3) +3.1
46th 40th Côte d'Ivoire 36.6 (33.4, 39.7) 44.3 (41.1, 47.5) +7.8
47th 47th DRC 33.3 (29.5, 37.1) 34.1 (30.3, 37.8) +0.8
34th 35th Djibouti 46.0 (41.6, 50.5) 46.8 (42.6, 51.0) +0.7
12th 26th Egypt 59.1 (55.3, 62.9) 51.1 (46.7, 55.5) -8.0
44th 45th Equatorial Guinea 38.3 (33.4, 43.2) 38.4 (33.7, 43.2) +0.1
49th 50th Eritrea 32.6 (28.0, 37.1) 29.8 (25.2, 34.4) -2.8
32nd 32nd Ethiopia 46.4 (42.4, 50.4) 48.5 (44.4, 52.6) +2.1
30th 27th Gabon 49.0 (44.9, 53.1) 51.0 (47.0, 55.0) +2.0
25th 23rd Gambia 52.4 (48.2, 56.6) 51.6 (47.5, 55.6) -0.9
7th 7th Ghana 66.6 (63.4, 69.8) 68.2 (65.3, 71.0) +1.6
45th 42nd Guinea 36.7 (33.4, 40.1) 43.3 (39.9, 46.7) +6.5
43rd 48th Guinea-Bissau 40.0 (35.7, 44.2) 33.2 (29.4, 37.0) -6.8
23rd 17th Kenya 53.3 (49.2, 57.4) 57.4 (53.4, 61.4) +4.1
13th 10th Lesotho 58.4 (55.3, 61.6) 62.3 (59.2, 65.3) +3.8
35th 31st Liberia 46.0 (41.8, 50.1) 49.3 (45.7, 52.9) +3.4
27th 43rd Libya 49.5 (44.9, 54.1) 42.1 (37.2, 46.9) -7.4
28th 33rd Madagascar 49.3 (45.5, 53.1) 48.2 (44.4, 51.9) -1.1
17th 16th Malawi 55.7 (52.5, 58.9) 57.6 (54.6, 60.6) +1.9
19th 28th Mali 55.2 (51.6, 58.8) 49.5 (45.9, 53.0) -5.7
39th 39th Mauritania 43.7 (40.2, 47.2) 44.5 (40.4, 48.6) +0.8
1st 1st Mauritius 80.4 (77.3, 83.5) 81.7 (78.7, 84.8) +1.3
15th 14th Morocco 56.0 (52.1, 59.8) 58.8 (55.0, 62.7) +2.9
22nd 22nd Mozambique 54.4 (51.2, 57.5) 52.2 (48.7, 55.7) -2.2
6th 6th Namibia 69.1 (66.0, 72.3) 70.3 (66.9, 73.7) +1.1
38th 29th Niger 43.9 (39.2, 48.6) 49.4 (45.4, 53.5) +5.5
37th 37th Nigeria 45.3 (41.2, 49.3) 45.8 (41.5, 50.1) +0.6
16th 11th Rwanda 55.8 (51.8, 59.7) 60.4 (56.3, 64.4) +4.6
18th 12th São Tomé & Príncipe 55.3 (50.5, 60.2) 59.7 (55.1, 64.3) +4.4
11th 9th Senegal 59.7 (56.7, 62.8) 64.3 (61.0, 67.7) +4.6
5th 5th Seychelles 70.5 (66.6, 74.4) 73.2 (68.9, 77.5) +2.7
31st 25th Sierra Leone 47.2 (43.6, 50.8) 51.1 (47.6, 54.7) +3.9
52nd 52nd Somalia 8.0 (4.9, 11.2) 8.6 (5.6, 11.6) +0.5
4th 4th South Africa 72.8 (69.4, 76.1) 73.3 (69.8, 76.7) +0.5
26th 24th Swaziland 50.2 (46.4, 54.0) 51.5 (47.7, 55.3) +1.3
10th 15th Tanzania 60.0 (56.8, 63.1) 58.2 (55.0, 61.5) -1.7
40th 36th Togo 43.6 (40.3, 46.9) 46.4 (42.8, 50.1) +2.8
8th 8th Tunisia 63.8 (60.2, 67.4) 66.0 (61.8, 70.2) +2.2
20th 19th Uganda 55.1 (51.9, 58.4) 56.1 (52.8, 59.4) +1.0
14th 13th Zambia 56.3 (53.6, 59.1) 59.4 (56.6, 62.2) +3.1
48th 46th Zimbabwe 32.6 (28.8, 36.5) 38.0 (34.2, 41.8) +5.4
* At 90% confidence level.

MEASUREMENT IMPRECISION: 2004–2013
70
The table shows the Overall Governance score for each
country in each year and the associated measurement
imprecision at the 90% statistical confidence level.
OVERALL GOVERNANCE
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SCORE CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL
Algeria 51.6 (47.7, 55.5) 52.6 (48.9, 56.3) 53.1 (49.5, 56.6) 53.2 (50.0, 56.5) 53.6 (49.9, 57.3)
Angola 32.4 (28.2, 36.6) 33.4 (29.3, 37.5) 35.2 (31.3, 39.1) 36.8 (33.0, 40.6) 40.1 (36.4, 43.9)
Benin 56.9 (52.6, 61.1) 57.0 (52.8, 61.2) 58.0 (54.2, 61.9) 59.8 (56.1, 63.4) 59.3 (55.5, 63.2)
Botswana 72.7 (68.7, 76.7) 73.9 (70.0, 77.7) 74.3 (70.7, 77.8) 74.6 (71.2, 77.9) 75.3 (71.8, 78.8)
Burkina Faso 52.4 (48.2, 56.6) 52.7 (48.6, 56.9) 52.8 (48.7, 56.8) 53.4 (49.7, 57.1) 53.6 (49.7, 57.4)
Burundi 38.3 (34.2, 42.4) 40.5 (36.2, 44.8) 42.5 (38.8, 46.2) 45.5 (41.6, 49.4) 44.9 (40.9, 48.8)
Cabo Verde 73.3 (69.1, 77.5) 73.6 (69.3, 78.0) 73.4 (69.6, 77.2) 74.7 (70.9, 78.4) 76.6 (72.8, 80.4)
Cameroon 43.8 (39.9, 47.8) 44.2 (40.5, 47.9) 44.8 (41.4, 48.1) 46.4 (43.5, 49.2) 47.6 (44.4, 50.8)
CAR 26.1 (21.7, 30.5) 27.9 (23.4, 32.4) 28.5 (24.4, 32.6) 30.0 (25.9, 34.0) 32.8 (28.8, 36.8)
Chad 32.8 (28.1, 37.4) 32.5 (28.0, 37.0) 31.7 (27.6, 35.8) 30.3 (26.2, 34.3) 29.2 (24.8, 33.5)
Comoros 45.2 (40.3, 50.0) 45.9 (41.0, 50.7) 48.8 (43.8, 53.9) 45.4 (40.5, 50.3) 47.8 (43.1, 52.5)
Congo 36.2 (31.7, 40.8) 38.2 (33.7, 42.6) 38.6 (34.5, 42.7) 39.1 (35.2, 43.0) 40.3 (36.7, 44.0)
Côte d'Ivoire 36.6 (32.6, 40.6) 37.1 (33.1, 41.1) 36.0 (31.9, 40.1) 35.6 (31.8, 39.5) 36.0 (32.3, 39.7)
DRC 27.8 (23.3, 32.4) 30.5 (26.1, 34.8) 32.2 (28.1, 36.4) 33.6 (30.0, 37.3) 34.5 (30.7, 38.4)
Djibouti 47.7 (42.7, 52.7) 47.0 (42.2, 51.7) 46.6 (42.4, 50.8) 46.7 (42.5, 50.8) 46.8 (42.9, 50.8)
Egypt 54.5 (50.2, 58.8) 54.7 (50.5, 58.9) 54.7 (50.9, 58.6) 57.2 (53.6, 60.8) 58.1 (54.2, 62.0)
Equatorial Guinea 35.6 (30.7, 40.5) 37.1 (32.1, 42.0) 37.1 (32.5, 41.7) 37.7 (32.8, 42.5) 38.5 (33.6, 43.5)
Eritrea 37.4 (32.2, 42.6) 38.1 (32.9, 43.3) 36.8 (31.6, 42.0) 35.8 (30.7, 40.8) 35.2 (30.2, 40.1)
Ethiopia 44.1 (39.5, 48.7) 44.9 (40.7, 49.1) 44.8 (40.7, 48.9) 45.7 (41.8, 49.7) 46.7 (42.5, 50.9)
Gabon 45.8 (41.4, 50.1) 45.9 (41.3, 50.5) 45.9 (42.1, 49.8) 47.4 (43.6, 51.1) 48.5 (44.7, 52.2)
Gambia 53.2 (49.2, 57.3) 52.1 (47.9, 56.4) 52.4 (48.8, 56.1) 52.5 (48.6, 56.4) 53.9 (49.9, 57.9)
Ghana 64.1 (60.2, 67.9) 64.4 (60.8, 67.9) 65.3 (61.9, 68.7) 65.3 (62.0, 68.6) 66.3 (62.9, 69.7)
Guinea 40.3 (36.3, 44.4) 40.5 (36.7, 44.3) 39.9 (36.2, 43.6) 39.1 (35.3, 42.9) 36.9 (33.4, 40.5)
Guinea-Bissau 35.5 (29.7, 41.3) 38.7 (33.8, 43.5) 39.8 (35.2, 44.3) 41.2 (36.8, 45.7) 41.0 (36.6, 45.4)
Kenya 55.5 (51.1, 59.8) 55.3 (51.2, 59.4) 55.5 (51.5, 59.6) 56.1 (52.1, 60.1) 56.1 (51.8, 60.3)
Lesotho 56.2 (52.1, 60.4) 58.0 (53.8, 62.3) 58.5 (54.6, 62.4) 58.6 (54.9, 62.2) 58.6 (54.9, 62.3)
Liberia 30.7 (26.0, 35.3) 34.5 (29.6, 39.5) 38.0 (33.3, 42.7) 42.0 (37.6, 46.4) 44.9 (40.8, 49.0)
Libya 48.4 (42.9, 53.9) 49.0 (43.6, 54.4) 49.1 (43.7, 54.5) 49.1 (44.4, 53.9) 50.2 (45.5, 55.0)
Madagascar 56.7 (52.6, 60.8) 57.8 (54.2, 61.5) 57.0 (53.3, 60.7) 58.1 (54.7, 61.4) 57.7 (54.0, 61.5)
Malawi 52.4 (48.8, 56.0) 52.6 (49.0, 56.1) 54.0 (50.3, 57.7) 54.7 (51.3, 58.0) 55.0 (51.6, 58.4)
Mali 52.8 (48.6, 57.0) 53.5 (49.3, 57.7) 54.8 (50.9, 58.7) 54.8 (50.9, 58.6) 55.8 (52.0, 59.6)
Mauritania 49.2 (45.1, 53.4) 49.3 (45.3, 53.2) 50.6 (47.0, 54.2) 51.7 (48.5, 55.0) 45.7 (41.5, 49.9)
Mauritius 75.8 (71.9, 79.6) 76.3 (72.9, 79.7) 77.0 (73.8, 80.2) 78.3 (75.5, 81.2) 80.9 (77.9, 84.0)
Morocco 55.5 (51.0, 59.9) 56.6 (52.2, 60.9) 56.3 (51.9, 60.7) 57.8 (53.8, 61.8) 56.6 (52.4, 60.8)
Mozambique 53.9 (49.9, 58.0) 54.3 (50.6, 58.1) 53.8 (50.4, 57.3) 53.1 (49.9, 56.4) 53.1 (49.7, 56.6)
Namibia 66.6 (62.6, 70.7) 67.2 (63.7, 70.7) 67.7 (64.3, 71.0) 68.7 (65.5, 71.9) 69.6 (66.2, 73.0)
Niger 43.7 (38.5, 49.0) 44.0 (39.2, 48.9) 44.5 (39.7, 49.4) 43.8 (39.2, 48.4) 45.8 (41.1, 50.4)
Nigeria 42.8 (38.3, 47.2) 44.3 (40.0, 48.5) 45.0 (40.9, 49.2) 45.5 (41.6, 49.4) 45.0 (41.2, 48.7)
Rwanda 51.8 (47.5, 56.1) 52.6 (48.7, 56.5) 53.8 (49.9, 57.6) 53.7 (50.2, 57.3) 55.6 (51.8, 59.4)
São Tomé & Príncipe 56.6 (51.5, 61.8) 56.5 (51.5, 61.5) 56.1 (51.4, 60.9) 56.9 (52.2, 61.7) 57.3 (52.7, 62.0)
Senegal 59.7 (55.6, 63.9) 60.1 (56.3, 63.9) 59.6 (55.9, 63.2) 59.2 (56.0, 62.4) 59.5 (55.9, 63.1)
Seychelles 68.8 (64.2, 73.5) 69.0 (64.4, 73.7) 70.3 (66.1, 74.4) 69.7 (65.8, 73.5) 70.1 (66.2, 73.9)
Sierra Leone 40.1 (35.5, 44.7) 40.9 (36.6, 45.2) 41.3 (37.2, 45.4) 45.9 (42.4, 49.4) 47.8 (44.0, 51.7)
Somalia 10.1 (5.0, 15.1) 10.0 (5.8, 14.2) 9.3 (5.1, 13.5) 10.7 (6.1, 15.3) 7.6 (3.7, 11.5)
South Africa 72.3 (67.9, 76.6) 72.9 (69.2, 76.5) 73.4 (69.8, 77.0) 73.9 (70.7, 77.2) 73.3 (69.7, 76.9)
Swaziland 48.1 (43.9, 52.3) 47.8 (43.6, 52.0) 48.8 (45.0, 52.7) 49.6 (46.0, 53.2) 51.2 (47.6, 54.8)
Tanzania 58.2 (54.6, 61.7) 59.0 (55.6, 62.4) 59.8 (56.5, 63.2) 60.5 (57.6, 63.4) 60.8 (57.5, 64.2)
Togo 37.5 (33.5, 41.5) 35.6 (31.9, 39.4) 37.9 (34.4, 41.4) 39.8 (36.2, 43.4) 41.9 (38.2, 45.6)
Tunisia 64.0 (59.9, 68.1) 64.3 (60.7, 68.0) 64.7 (61.0, 68.4) 65.0 (61.6, 68.4) 64.5 (60.6, 68.3)
Uganda 53.1 (49.1, 57.2) 53.2 (49.4, 57.0) 54.3 (50.8, 57.8) 55.9 (52.5, 59.2) 55.3 (52.0, 58.7)
Zambia 53.8 (49.9, 57.8) 55.1 (51.4, 58.7) 55.9 (52.7, 59.1) 56.6 (53.9, 59.4) 56.2 (53.1, 59.3)
Zimbabwe 36.1 (31.8, 40.4) 34.0 (29.6, 38.4) 33.1 (29.1, 37.2) 32.7 (28.7, 36.7) 31.2 (27.2, 35.3)

71
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
53.0 (49.4, 56.5) 54.2 (50.5, 57.9) 52.5 (49.0, 56.0) 53.2 (49.0, 57.4) 54.4 (50.4, 58.4)
40.6 (36.9, 44.4) 42.3 (38.1, 46.5) 42.7 (39.1, 46.3) 44.0 (40.0, 48.0) 40.9 (37.2, 44.7)
60.2 (56.8, 63.6) 60.9 (57.4, 64.3) 59.9 (56.5, 63.4) 59.4 (55.8, 63.1) 56.7 (53.1, 60.3)
74.9 (71.6, 78.1) 75.5 (71.9, 79.0) 76.1 (72.7, 79.4) 76.1 (72.4, 79.8) 76.2 (72.8, 79.5)
55.0 (51.4, 58.6) 53.9 (50.1, 57.7) 53.0 (49.7, 56.4) 53.7 (50.0, 57.3) 53.3 (49.7, 56.8)
45.4 (41.8, 49.0) 44.1 (40.1, 48.1) 44.5 (40.7, 48.3) 44.5 (40.5, 48.6) 45.3 (41.2, 49.4)
75.2 (71.5, 79.0) 76.4 (72.9, 79.8) 76.6 (73.5, 79.6) 76.4 (73.5, 79.4) 76.6 (73.3, 79.9)
46.1 (42.9, 49.4) 46.8 (43.4, 50.2) 46.8 (43.6, 49.9) 47.8 (44.5, 51.1) 47.6 (44.0, 51.3)
31.1 (27.3, 34.8) 31.9 (28.2, 35.5) 33.2 (29.7, 36.7) 32.2 (28.6, 35.7) 24.8 (21.6, 28.0)
29.8 (25.8, 33.7) 31.4 (27.6, 35.3) 32.9 (28.9, 36.8) 33.2 (29.3, 37.1) 32.3 (28.4, 36.2)
49.1 (44.0, 54.1) 48.6 (44.1, 53.1) 48.4 (44.0, 52.9) 49.2 (45.0, 53.3) 49.3 (44.7, 54.0)
40.3 (36.6, 44.0) 41.8 (37.8, 45.8) 43.2 (39.5, 46.9) 42.6 (38.7, 46.5) 43.4 (39.4, 47.3)
36.6 (33.4, 39.7) 36.2 (32.6, 39.8) 38.4 (35.6, 41.2) 42.4 (39.3, 45.5) 44.3 (41.1, 47.5)
33.3 (29.5, 37.1) 33.5 (29.7, 37.3) 34.3 (30.6, 38.0) 32.3 (28.6, 36.0) 34.1 (30.3, 37.8)
46.0 (41.6, 50.5) 45.9 (41.7, 50.2) 45.9 (41.8, 49.9) 47.2 (43.1, 51.3) 46.8 (42.6, 51.0)
59.1 (55.3, 62.9) 58.6 (54.6, 62.6) 54.5 (50.8, 58.2) 55.7 (51.8, 59.7) 51.1 (46.7, 55.5)
38.3 (33.4, 43.2) 39.2 (34.5, 43.9) 39.5 (34.8, 44.2) 39.4 (34.7, 44.2) 38.4 (33.7, 43.2)
32.6 (28.0, 37.1) 32.3 (27.8, 36.8) 30.9 (26.4, 35.5) 30.5 (25.9, 35.0) 29.8 (25.2, 34.4)
46.4 (42.4, 50.4) 46.7 (42.3, 51.0) 47.7 (43.4, 52.0) 48.2 (43.9, 52.5) 48.5 (44.4, 52.6)
49.0 (44.9, 53.1) 50.5 (46.6, 54.3) 50.7 (46.8, 54.7) 51.2 (47.6, 54.9) 51.0 (47.0, 55.0)
52.4 (48.2, 56.6) 52.8 (48.8, 56.8) 52.8 (48.8, 56.7) 53.0 (49.3, 56.8) 51.6 (47.5, 55.6)
66.6 (63.4, 69.8) 67.1 (63.6, 70.6) 67.7 (65.0, 70.5) 67.7 (64.6, 70.8) 68.2 (65.3, 71.0)
36.7 (33.4, 40.1) 41.5 (37.9, 45.1) 42.3 (38.8, 45.9) 43.2 (39.5, 46.8) 43.3 (39.9, 46.7)
40.0 (35.7, 44.2) 41.6 (37.5, 45.8) 41.3 (36.9, 45.7) 35.0 (31.5, 38.5) 33.2 (29.4, 37.0)
53.3 (49.2, 57.4) 54.8 (50.4, 59.2) 55.7 (51.7, 59.8) 55.4 (51.0, 59.7) 57.4 (53.4, 61.4)
58.4 (55.3, 61.6) 58.3 (54.8, 61.8) 58.9 (56.0, 61.8) 61.0 (57.8, 64.1) 62.3 (59.2, 65.3)
46.0 (41.8, 50.1) 48.2 (44.3, 52.2) 49.5 (45.8, 53.2) 50.3 (46.6, 54.0) 49.3 (45.7, 52.9)
49.5 (44.9, 54.1) 47.8 (42.6, 53.0) 40.4 (35.1, 45.7) 46.3 (41.2, 51.4) 42.1 (37.2, 46.9)
49.3 (45.5, 53.1) 47.4 (43.6, 51.3) 45.2 (41.6, 48.7) 45.0 (41.2, 48.9) 48.2 (44.4, 51.9)
55.7 (52.5, 58.9) 56.9 (53.4, 60.3) 56.1 (52.9, 59.3) 56.7 (53.6, 59.9) 57.6 (54.6, 60.6)
55.2 (51.6, 58.8) 55.8 (52.1, 59.6) 57.2 (53.7, 60.7) 48.9 (45.3, 52.6) 49.5 (45.9, 53.0)
43.7 (40.2, 47.2) 45.9 (42.0, 49.9) 46.5 (42.7, 50.2) 48.0 (44.1, 51.9) 44.5 (40.4, 48.6)
80.4 (77.3, 83.5) 80.3 (76.9, 83.6) 81.0 (78.0, 84.1) 81.4 (78.2, 84.6) 81.7 (78.7, 84.8)
56.0 (52.1, 59.8) 56.2 (52.4, 60.1) 56.6 (53.1, 60.1) 57.7 (53.9, 61.5) 58.8 (55.0, 62.7)
54.4 (51.2, 57.5) 54.5 (51.2, 57.7) 54.4 (51.4, 57.4) 54.2 (50.9, 57.5) 52.2 (48.7, 55.7)
69.1 (66.0, 72.3) 70.1 (66.6, 73.7) 70.2 (66.9, 73.4) 69.9 (66.3, 73.4) 70.3 (66.9, 73.7)
43.9 (39.2, 48.6) 45.9 (41.6, 50.3) 51.0 (47.0, 55.0) 49.8 (45.7, 53.9) 49.4 (45.4, 53.5)
45.3 (41.2, 49.3) 44.9 (40.7, 49.2) 44.9 (40.6, 49.2) 45.4 (41.3, 49.5) 45.8 (41.5, 50.1)
55.8 (51.8, 59.7) 56.7 (52.8, 60.5) 58.4 (54.5, 62.2) 60.2 (56.2, 64.2) 60.4 (56.3, 64.4)
55.3 (50.5, 60.2) 55.9 (51.3, 60.5) 58.0 (53.1, 62.8) 58.7 (54.4, 63.1) 59.7 (55.1, 64.3)
59.7 (56.7, 62.8) 59.5 (56.0, 62.9) 59.8 (56.8, 62.7) 62.5 (59.0, 66.1) 64.3 (61.0, 67.7)
70.5 (66.6, 74.4) 71.9 (67.9, 76.0) 71.7 (67.5, 75.9) 72.0 (68.0, 76.1) 73.2 (68.9, 77.5)
47.2 (43.6, 50.8) 50.0 (46.2, 53.7) 50.6 (47.3, 54.0) 50.4 (46.8, 54.0) 51.1 (47.6, 54.7)
8.0 (4.9, 11.2) 8.2 (4.6, 11.8) 7.5 (4.4, 10.6) 8.5 (5.2, 11.8) 8.6 (5.6, 11.6)
72.8 (69.4, 76.1) 73.1 (69.6, 76.5) 73.3 (70.2, 76.5) 73.0 (69.5, 76.5) 73.3 (69.8, 76.7)
50.2 (46.4, 54.0) 50.4 (47.1, 53.7) 50.4 (47.1, 53.7) 50.1 (46.4, 53.9) 51.5 (47.7, 55.3)
60.0 (56.8, 63.1) 59.9 (56.6, 63.1) 59.6 (56.5, 62.6) 59.1 (55.8, 62.4) 58.2 (55.0, 61.5)
43.6 (40.3, 46.9) 46.1 (42.6, 49.6) 45.7 (42.7, 48.7) 46.6 (42.9, 50.3) 46.4 (42.8, 50.1)
63.8 (60.2, 67.4) 63.3 (59.2, 67.4) 64.6 (60.4, 68.7) 65.1 (61.0, 69.3) 66.0 (61.8, 70.2)
55.1 (51.9, 58.4) 57.2 (53.9, 60.5) 57.4 (54.5, 60.3) 57.7 (54.4, 61.0) 56.1 (52.8, 59.4)
56.3 (53.6, 59.1) 56.5 (53.5, 59.5) 57.5 (54.6, 60.4) 59.4 (56.5, 62.4) 59.4 (56.6, 62.2)
32.6 (28.8, 36.5) 33.3 (29.4, 37.2) 36.3 (32.4, 40.2) 37.0 (33.2, 40.9) 38.0 (34.2, 41.8)

72
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW The table shows the Safety & Rule of Law category score for
each country in each year and the associated measurement
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SCORE CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL
Algeria 51.2 (42.1, 60.4) 51.3 (42.6, 60.0) 50.8 (43.3, 58.3) 49.4 (41.8, 57.1) 49.7 (41.6, 57.9)
Angola 36.9 (27.0, 46.9) 39.9 (29.8, 49.9) 40.5 (31.8, 49.3) 38.2 (29.1, 47.3) 44.4 (34.8, 54.1)
Benin 65.5 (57.1, 73.9) 63.5 (54.7, 72.3) 64.9 (58.0, 71.8) 67.9 (61.7, 74.1) 66.5 (60.1, 72.8)
Botswana 84.0 (76.9, 91.1) 84.5 (77.7, 91.3) 84.1 (79.3, 89.0) 84.6 (79.8, 89.4) 85.8 (81.2, 90.4)
Burkina Faso 67.6 (58.7, 76.5) 66.7 (57.7, 75.7) 65.6 (57.7, 73.5) 62.1 (54.4, 69.8) 60.4 (52.6, 68.2)
Burundi 43.1 (34.0, 52.2) 44.0 (34.2, 53.8) 44.0 (36.4, 51.7) 47.8 (39.2, 56.4) 43.6 (36.5, 50.7)
Cabo Verde 82.3 (74.5, 90.1) 82.3 (74.1, 90.4) 83.1 (76.5, 89.7) 81.6 (75.3, 87.9) 82.1 (75.7, 88.5)
Cameroon 46.7 (37.3, 56.1) 45.9 (36.5, 55.3) 47.1 (39.4, 54.9) 48.7 (41.1, 56.2) 48.2 (40.6, 55.9)
CAR 27.7 (16.7, 38.8) 32.2 (19.5, 44.9) 28.5 (18.7, 38.4) 27.7 (16.8, 38.6) 36.5 (25.0, 47.9)
Chad 39.9 (28.2, 51.6) 39.4 (27.9, 50.8) 38.0 (27.8, 48.3) 32.9 (23.4, 42.4) 29.9 (19.7, 40.1)
Comoros 55.0 (44.3, 65.8) 55.1 (44.7, 65.4) 56.0 (46.8, 65.1) 44.3 (34.9, 53.7) 51.3 (43.0, 59.6)
Congo 36.1 (23.8, 48.4) 37.7 (25.6, 49.8) 39.3 (28.5, 50.1) 41.0 (31.5, 50.5) 41.0 (32.3, 49.7)
Côte d'Ivoire 28.9 (19.4, 38.3) 32.1 (21.8, 42.3) 30.5 (21.0, 39.9) 30.9 (21.5, 40.3) 32.4 (23.2, 41.7)
DRC 24.4 (13.6, 35.1) 28.4 (17.7, 39.1) 27.8 (19.6, 36.0) 25.7 (18.3, 33.1) 26.8 (20.1, 33.6)
Djibouti 56.6 (45.8, 67.3) 56.2 (45.4, 67.0) 55.0 (46.2, 63.8) 55.5 (46.5, 64.4) 56.9 (47.6, 66.1)
Egypt 60.0 (50.0, 70.0) 59.5 (49.7, 69.4) 58.4 (49.8, 67.0) 61.7 (54.4, 69.0) 62.4 (55.0, 69.7)
Eritrea 43.7 (30.3, 57.2) 44.6 (30.1, 59.0) 42.5 (29.1, 55.9) 42.1 (28.4, 55.9) 38.9 (26.0, 51.7)
Ethiopia 46.0 (35.1, 56.9) 46.9 (37.1, 56.7) 46.7 (37.7, 55.7) 47.1 (37.9, 56.2) 47.5 (38.3, 56.7)
Gabon 53.6 (44.0, 63.2) 54.3 (44.6, 63.9) 54.0 (45.9, 62.2) 56.3 (48.9, 63.7) 54.8 (47.2, 62.4)
Gambia 58.6 (48.6, 68.6) 57.4 (47.3, 67.5) 57.5 (49.1, 65.9) 54.6 (44.7, 64.4) 55.7 (45.5, 65.8)
Ghana 72.3 (64.8, 79.8) 70.4 (63.1, 77.7) 71.1 (66.3, 76.0) 71.0 (66.3, 75.6) 70.9 (66.3, 75.5)
Guinea 48.9 (38.2, 59.6) 47.5 (37.3, 57.7) 47.4 (38.6, 56.2) 42.8 (33.5, 52.0) 36.7 (29.2, 44.3)
Guinea-Bissau 43.8 (30.6, 57.0) 43.0 (29.6, 56.3) 44.3 (32.5, 56.1) 48.8 (38.4, 59.2) 47.7 (37.1, 58.2)
Kenya 53.3 (43.5, 63.0) 53.5 (44.3, 62.7) 51.9 (44.3, 59.6) 52.4 (45.2, 59.7) 53.2 (45.6, 60.7)
Lesotho 65.7 (57.6, 73.8) 66.3 (57.4, 75.3) 66.2 (59.3, 73.0) 65.1 (58.2, 72.0) 66.3 (59.1, 73.5)
Liberia 28.6 (18.1, 39.1) 32.6 (22.5, 42.6) 35.7 (26.6, 44.9) 42.6 (34.6, 50.6) 47.5 (40.5, 54.5)
Libya 52.3 (41.6, 63.0) 52.2 (41.9, 62.4) 51.0 (41.6, 60.4) 50.9 (41.7, 60.1) 52.7 (43.3, 62.1)
Madagascar 62.6 (54.3, 70.9) 63.6 (55.6, 71.6) 63.4 (57.2, 69.7) 64.0 (58.0, 70.1) 63.5 (56.3, 70.7)
Malawi 65.4 (58.8, 71.9) 65.5 (59.0, 72.0) 67.6 (62.2, 73.0) 68.3 (63.1, 73.6) 66.9 (62.7, 71.1)
Mali 60.7 (51.6, 69.8) 61.2 (51.5, 70.8) 61.5 (53.5, 69.4) 61.6 (55.2, 68.0) 62.8 (56.1, 69.5)
Mauritania 58.5 (50.5, 66.6) 59.5 (51.8, 67.1) 58.7 (52.5, 65.0) 55.0 (48.2, 61.8) 44.2 (34.6, 53.7)
Mauritius 83.0 (75.9, 90.1) 82.0 (74.6, 89.4) 82.5 (78.0, 87.0) 83.6 (79.6, 87.5) 85.0 (81.0, 89.0)
Morocco 62.6 (52.1, 73.1) 62.3 (51.5, 73.2) 61.5 (52.0, 71.0) 63.4 (55.3, 71.6) 60.2 (52.5, 67.9)
Mozambique 62.7 (54.1, 71.4) 62.7 (53.8, 71.6) 62.4 (55.3, 69.4) 60.8 (53.3, 68.4) 57.6 (50.2, 65.0)
Namibia 74.1 (65.9, 82.4) 74.5 (66.9, 82.0) 74.4 (68.4, 80.3) 75.8 (70.4, 81.1) 78.2 (72.8, 83.6)
Niger 52.1 (40.5, 63.7) 52.5 (40.8, 64.3) 53.8 (43.3, 64.2) 48.5 (38.7, 58.3) 51.8 (42.9, 60.7)
Nigeria 38.8 (29.2, 48.5) 43.2 (33.0, 53.3) 43.4 (35.1, 51.7) 44.4 (36.0, 52.9) 44.8 (35.8, 53.8)
Rwanda 56.8 (47.5, 66.0) 56.5 (47.9, 65.0) 57.3 (50.4, 64.2) 59.8 (53.7, 65.8) 61.5 (55.0, 68.0)
Senegal 62.7 (53.3, 72.0) 62.3 (54.1, 70.5) 60.1 (53.7, 66.6) 61.0 (54.8, 67.2) 62.4 (56.0, 68.8)
Seychelles 69.3 (59.2, 79.4) 69.8 (59.1, 80.5) 70.9 (62.1, 79.7) 71.8 (63.2, 80.5) 71.3 (62.7, 80.0)
Sierra Leone 39.5 (28.4, 50.7) 40.6 (29.7, 51.5) 41.8 (32.7, 50.9) 47.4 (39.8, 55.0) 50.8 (44.1, 57.5)
Somalia 12.5 (1.3, 23.7) 12.5 (1.6, 23.3) 10.9 (4.4, 17.5) 4.1 (0.0, 9.4) 4.0 (0.0, 9.2)
South Africa 71.9 (64.0, 79.8) 72.0 (64.0, 80.0) 71.6 (65.8, 77.4) 70.9 (65.3, 76.5) 70.1 (64.5, 75.7)
Swaziland 59.1 (49.6, 68.5) 58.5 (49.1, 68.0) 58.5 (50.2, 66.8) 59.9 (52.2, 67.6) 59.5 (51.2, 67.8)
Tanzania 60.9 (52.9, 68.9) 61.2 (53.5, 68.9) 62.9 (57.6, 68.1) 61.1 (55.6, 66.7) 62.4 (56.5, 68.3)
Togo 52.0 (42.4, 61.5) 42.1 (32.7, 51.5) 50.6 (42.7, 58.4) 53.5 (46.3, 60.7) 56.2 (49.6, 62.7)
Tunisia 69.1 (59.7, 78.4) 68.4 (59.2, 77.6) 67.9 (60.6, 75.2) 66.1 (58.3, 73.9) 63.9 (55.1, 72.7)
Uganda 49.6 (40.2, 59.0) 49.0 (39.5, 58.4) 49.6 (41.9, 57.4) 50.3 (43.1, 57.6) 51.4 (44.5, 58.4)
Zambia 61.6 (54.0, 69.2) 62.7 (55.5, 69.8) 62.7 (57.9, 67.5) 63.6 (59.2, 68.0) 62.7 (58.0, 67.5)
Zimbabwe 36.0 (24.5, 47.5) 31.8 (19.5, 44.2) 30.5 (19.3, 41.8) 31.9 (20.7, 43.1) 28.5 (17.6, 39.4)

73
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
48.5 (40.4, 56.7) 50.0 (41.6, 58.5) 43.8 (35.3, 52.2) 44.3 (34.9, 53.7) 46.8 (37.8, 55.8)
39.8 (30.5, 49.2) 41.6 (31.8, 51.4) 42.1 (33.3, 51.0) 44.6 (36.0, 53.2) 43.1 (34.4, 51.8)
64.6 (58.9, 70.3) 63.7 (58.0, 69.3) 63.4 (57.7, 69.1) 62.0 (55.3, 68.8) 55.6 (47.8, 63.3)
84.6 (79.9, 89.3) 86.8 (81.9, 91.7) 87.8 (83.4, 92.3) 86.6 (82.4, 90.7) 85.3 (80.9, 89.7)
61.4 (53.6, 69.1) 57.9 (49.6, 66.3) 56.7 (49.7, 63.6) 58.3 (51.2, 65.3) 57.7 (50.5, 64.9)
43.6 (36.2, 51.0) 42.5 (34.3, 50.8) 41.9 (33.8, 50.0) 40.8 (33.1, 48.5) 40.4 (32.7, 48.2)
77.0 (71.3, 82.7) 79.7 (74.2, 85.3) 77.7 (72.3, 83.2) 78.6 (73.1, 84.1) 78.2 (72.6, 83.7)
46.7 (38.0, 55.5) 44.9 (36.1, 53.7) 45.1 (36.8, 53.5) 46.7 (38.4, 55.0) 45.4 (36.5, 54.4)
26.5 (17.6, 35.3) 27.0 (17.8, 36.2) 28.6 (19.1, 38.2) 23.9 (15.5, 32.3) 12.0 (6.3, 17.6)
31.0 (21.7, 40.4) 35.0 (26.8, 43.2) 35.8 (25.9, 45.7) 35.7 (26.7, 44.7) 33.9 (24.5, 43.4)
55.1 (45.2, 65.0) 57.1 (48.4, 65.9) 55.9 (47.8, 63.9) 57.1 (49.3, 64.9) 56.6 (48.7, 64.4)
41.6 (32.3, 50.9) 42.8 (33.4, 52.3) 44.5 (35.3, 53.8) 43.7 (34.9, 52.5) 45.0 (36.2, 53.9)
31.6 (23.4, 39.7) 28.3 (18.8, 37.7) 33.4 (28.2, 38.6) 39.9 (33.5, 46.3) 41.6 (35.2, 48.0)
26.9 (20.1, 33.6) 27.1 (20.6, 33.5) 30.3 (24.9, 35.7) 22.7 (16.1, 29.2) 23.7 (16.7, 30.6)
54.1 (44.7, 63.5) 52.8 (43.8, 61.8) 50.7 (41.6, 59.8) 50.7 (42.3, 59.2) 50.6 (42.2, 59.0)
62.2 (55.3, 69.1) 59.5 (52.2, 66.7) 54.6 (47.0, 62.1) 50.0 (42.1, 57.9) 40.9 (33.3, 48.4)
41.7 (31.7, 51.7) 42.4 (32.9, 52.0) 42.8 (33.2, 52.3) 41.6 (32.1, 51.2) 41.5 (32.0, 50.9)
33.4 (21.7, 45.0) 33.5 (22.7, 44.3) 31.9 (21.6, 42.3) 31.5 (21.2, 41.8) 31.0 (20.7, 41.3)
45.8 (36.8, 54.8) 45.2 (35.7, 54.7) 46.0 (36.5, 55.4) 47.5 (38.3, 56.6) 50.0 (41.8, 58.2)
53.9 (46.8, 61.1) 56.6 (49.1, 64.2) 56.2 (48.9, 63.4) 57.0 (50.0, 63.9) 57.6 (51.5, 63.8)
50.3 (40.7, 60.0) 51.3 (42.3, 60.3) 53.4 (44.8, 62.0) 51.6 (42.8, 60.3) 50.2 (41.6, 58.8)
70.1 (65.2, 74.9) 70.2 (65.6, 74.8) 71.2 (66.7, 75.6) 70.7 (66.4, 75.0) 69.9 (65.4, 74.4)
36.6 (28.9, 44.2) 46.1 (38.7, 53.5) 41.9 (32.8, 50.9) 47.5 (40.4, 54.5) 46.5 (39.4, 53.7)
42.2 (31.6, 52.9) 42.3 (31.6, 52.9) 41.6 (30.2, 53.1) 33.5 (26.7, 40.3) 30.5 (23.4, 37.6)
49.3 (40.6, 58.0) 49.5 (40.8, 58.1) 51.6 (43.2, 60.0) 48.5 (39.7, 57.3) 51.3 (43.6, 59.0)
66.7 (60.4, 73.0) 65.0 (58.2, 71.9) 66.0 (60.3, 71.8) 68.4 (63.1, 73.6) 69.5 (63.9, 75.2)
50.7 (43.8, 57.5) 52.0 (45.9, 58.0) 53.7 (48.3, 59.2) 54.9 (50.3, 59.4) 51.5 (46.6, 56.4)
51.4 (43.2, 59.6) 43.5 (32.9, 54.1) 26.4 (18.6, 34.1) 37.3 (30.4, 44.2) 33.2 (26.8, 39.5)
46.1 (39.1, 53.2) 43.3 (35.7, 51.0) 39.8 (32.6, 47.0) 42.5 (35.6, 49.4) 49.0 (42.8, 55.3)
66.0 (60.7, 71.2) 65.2 (60.1, 70.4) 63.7 (58.6, 68.8) 63.9 (59.3, 68.5) 64.6 (60.1, 69.1)
58.0 (50.2, 65.7) 60.1 (52.0, 68.3) 59.8 (51.0, 68.5) 45.8 (39.5, 52.1) 48.6 (42.9, 54.3)
38.6 (30.6, 46.5) 46.7 (38.0, 55.4) 45.6 (37.5, 53.7) 48.5 (40.9, 56.1) 43.4 (35.1, 51.6)
87.2 (84.0, 90.5) 86.8 (83.5, 90.1) 86.5 (83.4, 89.7) 86.8 (84.0, 89.7) 84.5 (81.5, 87.5)
59.8 (53.3, 66.4) 60.6 (53.9, 67.2) 58.7 (51.6, 65.9) 59.2 (52.2, 66.3) 58.7 (50.9, 66.5)
58.9 (52.4, 65.5) 56.6 (49.6, 63.5) 59.7 (53.6, 65.8) 56.6 (49.9, 63.4) 50.8 (42.7, 58.8)
77.0 (71.8, 82.2) 76.6 (71.5, 81.7) 77.2 (72.6, 81.8) 75.1 (70.0, 80.2) 74.9 (69.6, 80.3)
49.5 (40.3, 58.7) 50.5 (43.7, 57.3) 57.3 (49.4, 65.1) 53.3 (45.3, 61.3) 56.0 (49.0, 63.1)
44.7 (34.7, 54.6) 44.4 (34.4, 54.4) 41.5 (30.7, 52.2) 39.1 (29.9, 48.4) 38.1 (28.1, 48.1)
58.1 (49.8, 66.4) 56.4 (47.6, 65.2) 56.0 (47.1, 65.0) 58.2 (49.6, 66.8) 58.2 (49.1, 67.4)
63.3 (55.1, 71.5) 62.2 (54.1, 70.3) 62.2 (53.6, 70.8) 64.6 (57.6, 71.6) 65.7 (58.3, 73.1)
58.4 (51.5, 65.2) 56.9 (49.8, 63.9) 56.5 (50.1, 63.0) 59.7 (52.6, 66.8) 63.5 (56.4, 70.5)
72.7 (65.7, 79.7) 73.8 (66.6, 81.0) 70.8 (61.9, 79.6) 70.3 (61.6, 79.1) 70.8 (62.0, 79.6)
49.0 (41.9, 56.0) 57.5 (51.4, 63.6) 58.2 (52.1, 64.3) 55.5 (49.7, 61.4) 58.5 (52.5, 64.4)
4.6 (0.0, 10.1) 4.6 (0.0, 10.1) 3.8 (0.0, 9.2) 5.5 (0.4, 10.5) 5.9 (0.4, 11.3)
69.3 (63.0, 75.5) 69.2 (63.8, 74.7) 71.0 (66.0, 76.0) 69.9 (65.0, 74.7) 68.1 (62.4, 73.8)
56.9 (48.9, 64.8) 56.8 (49.5, 64.0) 60.0 (53.5, 66.5) 56.7 (49.2, 64.2) 60.8 (55.0, 66.6)
61.5 (55.6, 67.3) 59.3 (53.3, 65.3) 59.7 (53.5, 66.0) 58.6 (52.7, 64.5) 57.4 (51.5, 63.3)
55.5 (49.3, 61.8) 58.1 (51.9, 64.3) 56.0 (50.4, 61.5) 55.7 (49.3, 62.1) 54.6 (48.4, 60.7)
64.3 (56.5, 72.2) 60.7 (51.6, 69.7) 56.4 (47.7, 65.2) 58.8 (50.9, 66.6) 59.1 (51.4, 66.8)
49.9 (42.3, 57.5) 54.3 (47.9, 60.6) 54.2 (46.9, 61.4) 54.1 (47.0, 61.2) 53.3 (45.8, 60.8)
61.5 (56.2, 66.9) 59.8 (54.4, 65.2) 63.0 (58.2, 67.7) 65.0 (60.8, 69.1) 65.1 (60.9, 69.2)
33.0 (22.9, 43.1) 30.6 (20.0, 41.2) 33.4 (23.3, 43.6) 34.8 (25.1, 44.6) 37.7 (28.9, 46.5)

74
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS The table shows the Participation & Human Rights category
score for each country in each year and the associated
measurement imprecision at the 90% statistical
confidence level.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SCORE CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL
Algeria 37.7 (28.6, 46.7) 38.1 (30.6, 45.7) 38.6 (29.9, 47.3) 38.2 (31.4, 44.9) 38.3 (30.1, 46.5)
Angola 29.4 (21.1, 37.6) 30.2 (23.2, 37.2) 31.4 (23.6, 39.2) 34.9 (28.8, 41.1) 40.3 (33.7, 46.9)
Benin 65.4 (56.0, 74.8) 66.2 (58.1, 74.3) 69.2 (60.5, 77.9) 70.3 (63.3, 77.4) 69.8 (61.7, 77.8)
Botswana 70.7 (61.0, 80.4) 71.6 (62.4, 80.8) 72.0 (62.7, 81.3) 71.9 (63.4, 80.4) 71.4 (62.2, 80.7)
Burkina Faso 50.3 (40.8, 59.8) 51.8 (44.5, 59.1) 52.7 (44.5, 60.8) 54.4 (48.0, 60.8) 54.9 (47.8, 61.9)
Burundi 37.8 (29.2, 46.5) 44.7 (35.2, 54.1) 49.6 (42.6, 56.6) 53.6 (45.7, 61.6) 52.1 (42.9, 61.2)
Cabo Verde 78.9 (68.1, 89.7) 79.4 (68.5, 90.3) 76.4 (66.6, 86.2) 78.3 (68.8, 87.9) 80.0 (70.2, 89.7)
Cameroon 37.4 (29.6, 45.3) 36.7 (30.1, 43.3) 36.5 (29.2, 43.7) 36.9 (31.3, 42.5) 38.5 (31.6, 45.5)
CAR 22.1 (13.8, 30.5) 27.8 (18.3, 37.4) 31.5 (22.1, 40.8) 34.6 (25.8, 43.4) 36.8 (29.2, 44.4)
Chad 29.8 (20.2, 39.4) 29.1 (20.4, 37.9) 26.3 (17.8, 34.8) 25.0 (16.7, 33.3) 24.4 (15.4, 33.3)
Comoros 46.2 (35.7, 56.7) 46.5 (35.7, 57.2) 55.6 (43.0, 68.2) 53.1 (41.5, 64.8) 56.7 (44.9, 68.4)
Congo 35.1 (27.7, 42.5) 34.6 (27.2, 42.1) 33.3 (25.7, 40.9) 33.8 (26.8, 40.8) 35.7 (27.8, 43.6)
Côte d'Ivoire 31.5 (22.4, 40.6) 29.5 (20.9, 38.1) 27.9 (18.4, 37.3) 27.8 (19.3, 36.4) 28.5 (20.3, 36.6)
DRC 25.8 (17.1, 34.4) 26.7 (18.8, 34.7) 33.1 (24.3, 41.8) 36.6 (28.2, 45.0) 36.5 (27.4, 45.6)
Djibouti 35.4 (25.9, 44.9) 31.1 (23.2, 38.9) 30.8 (24.4, 37.3) 30.4 (24.5, 36.2) 29.7 (24.0, 35.4)
Egypt 29.8 (20.1, 39.6) 30.9 (22.3, 39.4) 31.9 (22.7, 41.1) 34.2 (25.3, 43.1) 34.8 (24.7, 44.9)
Eritrea 26.0 (18.6, 33.3) 27.3 (20.6, 34.0) 26.5 (19.0, 34.0) 25.6 (19.4, 31.7) 24.5 (17.9, 31.2)
Ethiopia 35.8 (26.9, 44.7) 36.4 (29.4, 43.3) 36.1 (28.6, 43.6) 35.7 (29.0, 42.4) 35.4 (27.9, 42.9)
Gabon 38.4 (29.5, 47.2) 36.6 (27.8, 45.4) 36.8 (29.0, 44.6) 39.9 (32.9, 46.9) 40.4 (33.2, 47.5)
Gambia 49.1 (40.1, 58.2) 47.5 (38.5, 56.6) 46.9 (38.6, 55.1) 46.5 (38.2, 54.8) 46.9 (38.4, 55.5)
Ghana 67.7 (58.6, 76.9) 69.8 (61.4, 78.3) 70.5 (62.0, 78.9) 70.6 (62.7, 78.5) 71.1 (62.2, 79.9)
Guinea 33.2 (25.6, 40.7) 32.9 (25.7, 40.1) 32.4 (25.4, 39.4) 32.7 (25.5, 39.9) 31.0 (23.1, 38.9)
Guinea-Bissau 35.3 (19.8, 50.8) 43.9 (33.9, 53.9) 42.4 (31.8, 52.9) 42.7 (32.4, 52.9) 41.3 (31.8, 50.8)
Kenya 59.0 (48.3, 69.7) 58.9 (49.4, 68.5) 60.3 (49.8, 70.9) 59.1 (48.6, 69.6) 56.8 (46.4, 67.1)
Lesotho 60.1 (50.5, 69.8) 61.8 (52.6, 71.0) 61.7 (53.0, 70.4) 64.4 (56.7, 72.1) 62.6 (55.0, 70.1)
Liberia 30.0 (19.9, 40.0) 38.8 (26.7, 50.8) 45.1 (34.4, 55.8) 50.8 (40.7, 60.9) 52.4 (42.7, 62.1)
Libya 22.1 (11.4, 32.8) 22.4 (12.3, 32.5) 22.9 (12.5, 33.3) 23.5 (14.1, 32.9) 23.1 (12.9, 33.3)
Madagascar 64.5 (55.5, 73.5) 65.2 (57.3, 73.1) 61.8 (51.9, 71.6) 61.3 (53.7, 68.9) 59.8 (51.3, 68.2)
Malawi 53.3 (44.7, 62.0) 53.3 (46.1, 60.5) 54.9 (46.5, 63.2) 54.7 (47.4, 62.1) 53.6 (45.6, 61.5)
Mali 60.1 (50.2, 70.0) 59.5 (50.7, 68.2) 59.8 (50.2, 69.4) 56.7 (46.9, 66.6) 58.8 (50.0, 67.6)
Mauritania 47.6 (37.8, 57.4) 48.0 (37.9, 58.1) 49.7 (40.1, 59.4) 55.8 (48.4, 63.3) 42.8 (32.5, 53.2)
Mauritius 71.2 (61.4, 80.9) 72.9 (64.2, 81.5) 73.7 (64.2, 83.1) 74.7 (66.6, 82.9) 74.4 (65.4, 83.3)
Morocco 38.5 (27.1, 49.8) 39.0 (28.8, 49.2) 38.6 (27.5, 49.8) 39.1 (28.8, 49.4) 37.9 (26.9, 48.9)
Mozambique 62.1 (52.1, 72.2) 62.9 (54.7, 71.2) 62.9 (54.2, 71.6) 61.7 (55.5, 68.0) 61.7 (54.1, 69.3)
Namibia 74.0 (64.5, 83.5) 75.4 (68.6, 82.2) 74.7 (67.1, 82.3) 74.4 (67.8, 81.0) 72.8 (65.0, 80.6)
Niger 49.8 (39.1, 60.5) 49.8 (39.8, 59.7) 49.2 (39.3, 59.0) 48.5 (39.2, 57.8) 48.9 (38.7, 59.1)
Nigeria 45.7 (35.5, 56.0) 45.9 (37.1, 54.7) 45.4 (35.8, 55.1) 45.4 (36.9, 53.9) 43.2 (34.8, 51.6)
Rwanda 42.1 (33.3, 50.9) 42.4 (34.4, 50.4) 43.0 (34.5, 51.5) 42.3 (34.9, 49.6) 44.0 (35.4, 52.6)
Senegal 70.4 (61.1, 79.7) 70.3 (62.3, 78.3) 69.4 (60.5, 78.4) 66.6 (59.4, 73.9) 63.6 (55.4, 71.8)
Seychelles 68.4 (58.1, 78.8) 67.8 (57.7, 77.9) 69.9 (61.5, 78.3) 67.6 (59.9, 75.3) 67.5 (60.0, 74.9)
Sierra Leone 52.0 (42.8, 61.3) 52.4 (43.5, 61.3) 52.2 (42.7, 61.7) 57.3 (50.8, 63.9) 60.0 (52.5, 67.5)
Somalia 10.0 (2.2, 17.9) 10.0 (3.6, 16.5) 8.7 (2.3, 15.0) 8.0 (2.3, 13.6) 8.3 (2.5, 14.2)
South Africa 76.2 (66.2, 86.3) 77.4 (69.7, 85.1) 76.9 (68.2, 85.5) 77.9 (70.1, 85.7) 76.5 (67.9, 85.0)
Swaziland 32.3 (23.5, 41.1) 32.8 (23.5, 42.1) 32.5 (24.6, 40.3) 32.0 (24.3, 39.7) 32.6 (25.2, 40.0)
Tanzania 67.1 (59.0, 75.2) 69.1 (63.0, 75.2) 69.3 (62.2, 76.4) 70.9 (65.3, 76.5) 68.4 (61.3, 75.4)
Togo 30.1 (22.0, 38.2) 30.5 (23.2, 37.8) 31.1 (23.1, 39.2) 33.9 (26.1, 41.7) 38.0 (29.5, 46.4)
Tunisia 36.1 (25.4, 46.7) 36.8 (27.9, 45.8) 36.9 (27.0, 46.7) 36.0 (27.2, 44.8) 36.8 (26.7, 47.0)
Uganda 55.4 (46.5, 64.3) 54.9 (48.0, 61.8) 57.0 (49.8, 64.1) 60.3 (53.8, 66.8) 59.7 (51.7, 67.6)
Zambia 52.4 (43.3, 61.5) 52.2 (44.8, 59.5) 55.3 (47.6, 62.9) 56.3 (49.3, 63.3) 55.5 (47.2, 63.8)
Zimbabwe 33.2 (24.3, 42.2) 33.2 (25.2, 41.1) 31.8 (23.6, 40.1) 30.3 (22.5, 38.1) 29.7 (21.0, 38.3)

75
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
38.3 (30.9, 45.6) 39.0 (31.1, 46.9) 39.5 (32.4, 46.5) 43.3 (34.2, 52.4) 43.4 (35.3, 51.5)
43.1 (35.9, 50.2) 43.1 (34.2, 51.9) 41.6 (34.1, 49.2) 43.0 (35.2, 50.9) 37.3 (30.1, 44.5)
70.6 (62.9, 78.3) 71.2 (62.8, 79.7) 68.2 (60.6, 75.8) 68.0 (59.8, 76.2) 65.6 (59.1, 72.2)
70.0 (61.5, 78.4) 70.4 (60.9, 79.8) 70.6 (62.5, 78.7) 71.3 (62.2, 80.3) 73.1 (65.2, 81.0)
55.0 (48.3, 61.8) 54.8 (47.0, 62.6) 52.9 (46.6, 59.3) 52.9 (44.7, 61.0) 53.2 (46.8, 59.6)
52.1 (45.0, 59.2) 47.3 (38.1, 56.6) 47.1 (39.3, 54.9) 48.0 (39.3, 56.7) 49.6 (40.6, 58.6)
79.3 (69.1, 89.4) 79.4 (69.9, 88.9) 82.3 (74.8, 89.8) 82.0 (75.5, 88.5) 83.5 (76.5, 90.4)
35.9 (29.5, 42.3) 36.9 (29.4, 44.5) 37.2 (31.5, 42.9) 37.6 (30.5, 44.7) 39.3 (32.1, 46.5)
35.7 (27.0, 44.4) 30.5 (21.6, 39.4) 31.9 (24.5, 39.2) 32.6 (25.1, 40.0) 28.2 (20.8, 35.7)
24.4 (15.9, 33.0) 24.9 (15.9, 33.9) 27.0 (18.8, 35.3) 27.7 (19.0, 36.4) 28.1 (20.2, 36.0)
56.6 (44.4, 68.7) 53.7 (43.8, 63.7) 54.4 (45.0, 63.8) 54.4 (46.1, 62.8) 53.8 (43.8, 63.8)
36.8 (29.3, 44.2) 37.6 (28.8, 46.4) 37.6 (30.4, 44.8) 37.7 (28.9, 46.4) 38.1 (30.0, 46.2)
29.7 (22.5, 36.8) 31.3 (23.1, 39.4) 34.6 (27.3, 41.8) 39.4 (31.8, 47.0) 43.9 (37.7, 50.1)
36.9 (27.8, 46.0) 37.1 (27.9, 46.2) 35.4 (26.7, 44.2) 33.4 (25.2, 41.6) 32.6 (25.0, 40.2)
30.5 (23.4, 37.6) 29.9 (23.8, 35.9) 31.6 (24.9, 38.4) 32.6 (26.6, 38.5) 32.1 (24.1, 40.0)
36.4 (27.7, 45.1) 36.6 (27.1, 46.1) 31.8 (24.2, 39.4) 44.1 (35.2, 53.0) 40.0 (29.5, 50.4)
24.2 (14.2, 34.3) 25.3 (16.1, 34.6) 27.9 (18.5, 37.3) 27.9 (19.1, 36.7) 25.9 (17.7, 34.1)
23.8 (17.1, 30.5) 24.2 (17.1, 31.3) 24.2 (18.2, 30.3) 24.2 (17.3, 31.0) 22.8 (16.7, 28.9)
36.9 (29.4, 44.4) 36.3 (27.6, 44.9) 37.1 (29.0, 45.3) 36.5 (27.5, 45.5) 36.7 (27.5, 45.9)
41.0 (32.3, 49.7) 42.1 (34.6, 49.7) 43.8 (36.3, 51.2) 43.9 (37.1, 50.6) 42.0 (33.8, 50.2)
43.4 (34.7, 52.1) 41.8 (33.7, 49.8) 38.4 (30.5, 46.3) 37.7 (30.3, 45.1) 36.4 (29.5, 43.3)
71.6 (64.2, 79.1) 72.3 (63.2, 81.4) 72.0 (65.2, 78.8) 70.9 (62.6, 79.2) 73.6 (67.4, 79.9)
31.4 (24.5, 38.4) 41.5 (33.2, 49.8) 48.7 (43.5, 54.0) 43.9 (35.5, 52.2) 43.2 (35.5, 51.0)
40.3 (32.5, 48.1) 42.7 (36.1, 49.3) 41.8 (35.2, 48.4) 29.5 (22.2, 36.9) 30.1 (21.5, 38.7)
51.9 (43.0, 60.8) 53.6 (43.6, 63.6) 53.6 (44.7, 62.6) 54.0 (44.3, 63.7) 59.3 (51.1, 67.5)
61.1 (55.4, 66.7) 60.8 (52.9, 68.7) 60.0 (54.7, 65.2) 66.1 (58.8, 73.5) 69.9 (64.4, 75.3)
53.9 (44.0, 63.9) 54.9 (44.5, 65.2) 53.6 (44.5, 62.7) 53.9 (44.3, 63.5) 55.4 (46.0, 64.9)
23.1 (13.3, 32.8) 22.9 (12.6, 33.1) 25.1 (16.3, 33.9) 40.4 (29.5, 51.3) 40.5 (30.7, 50.3)
48.2 (38.8, 57.6) 46.1 (37.0, 55.2) 46.1 (38.2, 54.1) 45.2 (35.4, 55.0) 51.0 (42.4, 59.6)
56.7 (50.3, 63.1) 58.8 (51.3, 66.3) 57.6 (51.0, 64.2) 60.4 (53.9, 67.0) 62.9 (57.2, 68.6)
60.4 (52.7, 68.1) 62.3 (54.2, 70.5) 63.9 (58.0, 69.8) 45.6 (36.2, 55.1) 45.9 (37.4, 54.4)
43.0 (35.1, 51.0) 43.6 (33.8, 53.5) 46.7 (37.4, 55.9) 46.7 (36.4, 57.0) 40.1 (30.4, 49.8)
73.5 (65.2, 81.9) 72.7 (63.2, 82.1) 73.9 (65.6, 82.1) 74.7 (65.8, 83.6) 77.0 (69.5, 84.5)
36.5 (25.7, 47.2) 35.0 (24.2, 45.9) 36.3 (27.7, 44.9) 38.6 (28.8, 48.3) 37.5 (28.2, 46.8)
60.2 (53.1, 67.3) 60.1 (52.7, 67.5) 58.8 (51.8, 65.7) 60.9 (52.9, 69.0) 60.7 (53.6, 67.8)
70.8 (64.1, 77.4) 72.3 (64.4, 80.1) 73.5 (66.2, 80.9) 74.1 (66.2, 81.9) 75.0 (67.5, 82.5)
41.2 (29.7, 52.8) 46.4 (35.7, 57.1) 57.4 (50.0, 64.8) 57.5 (48.8, 66.3) 55.0 (47.6, 62.4)
42.6 (35.3, 49.9) 44.6 (35.9, 53.3) 45.8 (38.1, 53.5) 48.5 (40.2, 56.8) 48.9 (41.6, 56.3)
43.5 (35.6, 51.3) 46.3 (37.3, 55.3) 47.7 (39.1, 56.4) 47.7 (38.6, 56.8) 47.7 (39.2, 56.3)
59.8 (47.2, 72.4) 60.6 (48.7, 72.5) 63.0 (50.3, 75.7) 62.8 (50.6, 75.1) 66.5 (54.5, 78.4)
63.6 (57.5, 69.8) 64.4 (57.1, 71.7) 65.3 (60.4, 70.3) 71.4 (64.1, 78.7) 73.7 (68.2, 79.2)
69.0 (59.9, 78.0) 70.2 (61.8, 78.6) 69.5 (60.0, 79.0) 70.0 (61.6, 78.4) 74.1 (65.7, 82.6)
56.5 (48.9, 64.1) 58.1 (50.2, 66.1) 58.2 (51.4, 65.1) 58.3 (49.9, 66.7) 57.4 (49.4, 65.3)
8.3 (2.3, 14.2) 8.5 (1.4, 15.7) 8.3 (2.8, 13.9) 9.3 (3.2, 15.4) 10.7 (5.8, 15.7)
76.5 (69.4, 83.6) 76.3 (67.8, 84.9) 76.1 (69.3, 82.8) 75.9 (68.2, 83.5) 74.4 (67.8, 80.9)
33.2 (24.5, 41.9) 33.4 (25.6, 41.2) 32.6 (24.7, 40.5) 33.9 (26.4, 41.5) 31.0 (22.2, 39.9)
67.6 (61.8, 73.3) 68.2 (61.5, 74.9) 68.9 (63.8, 73.9) 68.7 (61.9, 75.5) 65.5 (59.7, 71.3)
41.7 (34.5, 49.0) 43.8 (34.5, 53.2) 44.5 (37.6, 51.3) 43.7 (34.5, 52.8) 43.8 (35.2, 52.5)
35.7 (25.6, 45.8) 36.1 (25.3, 47.0) 50.0 (37.6, 62.4) 55.2 (44.0, 66.4) 60.6 (49.0, 72.2)
60.2 (53.2, 67.3) 60.9 (52.3, 69.5) 61.2 (55.2, 67.1) 61.2 (54.5, 67.9) 58.4 (51.8, 64.9)
55.7 (48.9, 62.5) 57.5 (49.8, 65.3) 57.3 (50.2, 64.4) 60.5 (52.9, 68.1) 60.4 (53.4, 67.3)
31.7 (23.6, 39.7) 32.5 (24.0, 41.0) 34.5 (26.5, 42.4) 35.1 (27.0, 43.2) 37.0 (29.2, 44.7)

76
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY The table shows the Sustainable Economic Opportunity
category score for each country in each year and the
associated measurement imprecision at the 90% statistical
confidence level.
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SCORE CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL
Algeria 49.0 (42.2, 55.9) 51.7 (44.1, 59.2) 52.0 (44.8, 59.2) 53.0 (46.1, 59.8) 52.8 (45.6, 60.0)
Angola 27.1 (20.8, 33.4) 28.5 (22.4, 34.5) 31.8 (26.1, 37.5) 32.7 (27.2, 38.2) 32.9 (27.6, 38.3)
Benin 47.0 (40.4, 53.6) 47.9 (40.6, 55.2) 47.5 (41.4, 53.7) 48.9 (42.5, 55.3) 47.4 (41.0, 53.8)
Botswana 62.8 (55.2, 70.4) 65.5 (57.8, 73.1) 65.8 (59.1, 72.5) 66.7 (60.0, 73.4) 68.2 (62.5, 73.9)
Burkina Faso 47.5 (41.1, 53.9) 47.3 (40.3, 54.4) 46.7 (40.5, 53.0) 48.7 (42.6, 54.8) 50.4 (44.2, 56.7)
Burundi 30.4 (25.3, 35.5) 30.5 (25.5, 35.5) 31.5 (27.3, 35.7) 32.7 (28.8, 36.6) 36.3 (31.5, 41.1)
Cabo Verde 53.7 (46.2, 61.2) 53.1 (45.8, 60.4) 53.8 (47.0, 60.5) 57.6 (50.8, 64.3) 62.1 (54.6, 69.5)
Cameroon 38.7 (32.7, 44.7) 39.6 (33.9, 45.3) 41.4 (36.1, 46.7) 44.2 (39.5, 48.9) 47.2 (41.8, 52.6)
CAR 24.0 (16.2, 31.8) 21.7 (15.4, 28.1) 23.8 (16.1, 31.4) 25.9 (19.8, 32.1) 26.7 (20.3, 33.1)
Chad 30.4 (23.7, 37.2) 30.6 (23.9, 37.3) 30.6 (24.8, 36.3) 30.3 (24.6, 36.0) 29.7 (24.0, 35.5)
Comoros 28.5 (20.6, 36.4) 29.2 (21.3, 37.0) 30.4 (22.9, 37.9) 30.2 (22.8, 37.7) 28.7 (20.8, 36.5)
Congo 28.9 (22.1, 35.7) 35.5 (27.7, 43.4) 35.7 (28.5, 43.0) 33.5 (26.1, 41.0) 35.6 (29.6, 41.5)
Côte d'Ivoire 42.7 (35.9, 49.6) 43.0 (36.0, 50.1) 42.5 (35.7, 49.3) 40.8 (34.1, 47.4) 40.1 (34.7, 45.4)
DRC 21.1 (15.1, 27.2) 26.3 (20.2, 32.4) 26.7 (20.9, 32.4) 28.7 (23.2, 34.2) 31.2 (25.1, 37.2)
Djibouti 47.2 (38.4, 55.9) 47.6 (39.0, 56.2) 46.6 (38.4, 54.8) 46.2 (37.8, 54.6) 42.9 (34.8, 51.1)
Egypt 55.8 (50.0, 61.6) 55.8 (49.7, 61.8) 55.9 (50.6, 61.2) 59.4 (54.2, 64.6) 61.1 (55.5, 66.8)
Eritrea 31.3 (24.7, 38.0) 30.9 (23.9, 37.9) 31.0 (24.6, 37.3) 28.7 (21.8, 35.7) 29.1 (23.1, 35.2)
Ethiopia 50.3 (43.3, 57.4) 50.9 (43.5, 58.2) 50.2 (43.8, 56.7) 52.0 (45.3, 58.6) 53.9 (46.9, 60.9)
Gabon 34.9 (28.0, 41.7) 35.6 (28.6, 42.6) 35.0 (28.2, 41.7) 33.6 (26.6, 40.5) 37.3 (30.5, 44.2)
Gambia 44.6 (38.9, 50.4) 42.8 (36.8, 48.7) 44.1 (39.0, 49.2) 47.4 (41.9, 52.8) 48.7 (42.0, 55.5)
Ghana 52.2 (45.3, 59.0) 51.1 (44.7, 57.6) 52.1 (45.7, 58.5) 49.5 (43.3, 55.7) 52.0 (46.1, 58.0)
Guinea 35.4 (29.6, 41.1) 36.0 (29.8, 42.2) 35.8 (30.0, 41.5) 37.3 (31.3, 43.2) 36.2 (30.7, 41.8)
Guinea-Bissau 21.4 (14.4, 28.4) 23.2 (17.1, 29.2) 28.3 (23.2, 33.5) 26.8 (22.1, 31.4) 27.5 (22.5, 32.5)
Kenya 51.7 (44.3, 59.0) 51.2 (44.0, 58.5) 51.5 (45.1, 58.0) 53.8 (47.5, 60.1) 53.8 (47.2, 60.3)
Lesotho 43.9 (37.2, 50.5) 47.9 (40.9, 54.9) 48.2 (42.1, 54.4) 46.8 (41.1, 52.4) 47.3 (41.4, 53.3)
Liberia 26.3 (18.5, 34.1) 27.2 (18.9, 35.5) 29.5 (21.4, 37.6) 30.8 (23.0, 38.5) 31.2 (24.0, 38.3)
Libya 43.7 (33.3, 54.0) 45.8 (36.0, 55.5) 46.0 (36.2, 55.8) 44.9 (37.9, 51.8) 47.1 (39.9, 54.3)
Madagascar 44.6 (38.6, 50.7) 46.2 (39.7, 52.8) 46.7 (41.0, 52.4) 50.2 (44.6, 55.9) 51.5 (46.1, 56.9)
Malawi 41.2 (34.7, 47.6) 41.0 (34.4, 47.6) 42.2 (35.8, 48.5) 44.3 (38.4, 50.2) 46.7 (41.4, 52.0)
Mali 43.2 (37.0, 49.4) 44.8 (37.9, 51.8) 47.8 (41.4, 54.2) 48.3 (41.8, 54.7) 49.3 (43.2, 55.4)
Mauritania 40.4 (33.8, 47.0) 38.8 (32.6, 45.1) 42.5 (36.5, 48.6) 44.5 (39.4, 49.5) 44.2 (38.8, 49.5)
Mauritius 65.5 (58.7, 72.2) 66.1 (59.3, 72.9) 66.4 (60.7, 72.0) 67.8 (62.2, 73.4) 76.7 (71.2, 82.3)
Morocco 55.7 (48.9, 62.5) 57.1 (50.4, 63.7) 57.4 (51.6, 63.3) 60.8 (54.5, 67.2) 60.1 (53.7, 66.5)
Mozambique 43.6 (37.8, 49.4) 43.0 (37.4, 48.5) 42.9 (37.8, 48.0) 44.5 (39.5, 49.4) 45.0 (39.8, 50.1)
Namibia 54.4 (48.0, 60.8) 54.7 (48.8, 60.7) 57.0 (51.7, 62.2) 58.9 (53.6, 64.2) 62.3 (56.7, 67.8)
Niger 35.7 (27.7, 43.7) 35.9 (28.1, 43.7) 37.9 (30.2, 45.6) 38.7 (31.0, 46.4) 41.7 (34.1, 49.4)
Nigeria 36.0 (29.4, 42.7) 36.2 (29.9, 42.6) 37.7 (31.8, 43.7) 38.6 (32.7, 44.5) 38.1 (31.8, 44.3)
Rwanda 51.7 (45.0, 58.5) 54.0 (47.2, 60.7) 56.1 (49.5, 62.7) 55.2 (49.1, 61.4) 55.4 (48.8, 62.1)
Senegal 51.1 (44.0, 58.2) 51.0 (43.4, 58.5) 51.4 (44.6, 58.2) 50.9 (45.2, 56.6) 52.6 (46.7, 58.5)
Seychelles 56.3 (49.7, 62.9) 58.5 (51.4, 65.5) 58.2 (52.4, 64.0) 57.2 (51.3, 63.1) 58.5 (52.6, 64.5)
Sierra Leone 30.7 (24.6, 36.7) 31.3 (25.3, 37.2) 32.9 (27.1, 38.7) 38.3 (32.2, 44.4) 38.6 (33.0, 44.3)
Somalia 4.0 (0.0, 10.9) 4.1 (0.0, 10.3) 4.2 (0.0, 9.2) 4.6 (0.0, 9.2) 4.3 (0.0, 9.1)
South Africa 63.3 (56.6, 70.1) 65.1 (58.3, 72.0) 66.5 (60.7, 72.2) 68.2 (62.5, 73.9) 68.3 (62.1, 74.5)
Swaziland 40.0 (33.6, 46.4) 41.4 (35.1, 47.7) 43.1 (37.3, 48.8) 44.5 (38.8, 50.2) 50.8 (45.7, 55.9)
Tanzania 51.9 (46.0, 57.8) 52.0 (46.3, 57.8) 52.4 (47.7, 57.1) 53.0 (48.5, 57.4) 54.7 (49.0, 60.4)
Togo 23.6 (18.2, 28.9) 25.0 (19.1, 30.9) 25.0 (20.6, 29.4) 26.6 (20.9, 32.4) 27.2 (21.3, 33.0)
Tunisia 65.0 (58.4, 71.7) 66.4 (59.9, 73.0) 66.8 (61.3, 72.2) 68.4 (62.9, 73.9) 69.1 (63.5, 74.7)
Uganda 50.5 (44.3, 56.8) 50.8 (44.6, 56.9) 51.2 (45.9, 56.5) 52.1 (46.5, 57.6) 48.9 (43.7, 54.2)
Zambia 46.5 (39.6, 53.3) 48.3 (41.2, 55.5) 48.4 (42.3, 54.6) 48.7 (43.4, 53.9) 46.7 (42.0, 51.4)
Zimbabwe 27.3 (21.8, 32.8) 23.2 (17.8, 28.5) 22.6 (18.2, 26.9) 20.6 (16.0, 25.2) 21.1 (16.5, 25.7)

77
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
50.3 (43.3, 57.2) 51.8 (44.9, 58.7) 49.8 (42.7, 56.9) 48.0 (40.4, 55.6) 49.9 (42.9, 56.8)
36.2 (30.9, 41.4) 38.1 (33.1, 43.0) 38.2 (33.3, 43.1) 38.7 (33.1, 44.2) 34.6 (29.4, 39.8)
50.7 (45.0, 56.4) 52.2 (46.4, 57.9) 50.8 (45.1, 56.5) 49.5 (43.8, 55.3) 47.0 (41.6, 52.3)
67.7 (62.0, 73.4) 66.9 (61.1, 72.7) 66.5 (60.4, 72.6) 66.3 (59.9, 72.6) 65.9 (59.4, 72.4)
55.5 (50.3, 60.7) 55.0 (49.6, 60.3) 53.2 (47.7, 58.8) 52.0 (46.8, 57.2) 51.0 (45.7, 56.3)
39.0 (33.7, 44.4) 38.0 (32.7, 43.2) 38.7 (33.0, 44.3) 37.2 (31.6, 42.8) 38.5 (32.4, 44.7)
61.0 (53.9, 68.1) 61.3 (54.4, 68.2) 61.5 (55.2, 67.9) 61.8 (55.8, 67.7) 63.1 (56.6, 69.7)
46.4 (41.8, 51.0) 47.6 (43.1, 52.1) 46.0 (40.5, 51.6) 47.3 (41.9, 52.7) 46.2 (40.5, 51.9)
28.4 (22.8, 34.0) 34.8 (29.0, 40.5) 36.0 (30.3, 41.8) 34.9 (29.4, 40.4) 24.8 (19.1, 30.6)
29.1 (23.8, 34.4) 31.0 (25.6, 36.4) 32.4 (26.9, 37.9) 31.8 (26.4, 37.2) 29.9 (24.7, 35.1)
27.5 (19.7, 35.2) 29.2 (20.9, 37.4) 28.9 (20.7, 37.1) 29.7 (21.9, 37.4) 31.3 (23.6, 39.0)
36.2 (30.6, 41.8) 37.8 (31.7, 43.8) 38.1 (32.2, 44.0) 38.1 (32.2, 44.1) 39.2 (32.8, 45.5)
42.5 (38.0, 47.0) 41.4 (37.5, 45.2) 42.3 (38.0, 46.5) 42.4 (38.4, 46.4) 43.5 (39.0, 48.1)
27.0 (21.7, 32.3) 27.8 (22.3, 33.4) 28.2 (22.7, 33.7) 28.5 (23.2, 33.8) 34.8 (29.2, 40.4)
42.7 (34.5, 50.8) 43.3 (35.0, 51.5) 44.4 (36.2, 52.6) 48.6 (40.8, 56.3) 48.1 (40.3, 55.9)
66.9 (60.9, 72.8) 67.1 (61.5, 72.7) 61.8 (55.8, 67.7) 59.0 (52.5, 65.5) 54.2 (47.0, 61.4)
28.3 (21.8, 34.8) 28.6 (22.7, 34.6) 30.0 (24.2, 35.7) 30.3 (24.2, 36.5) 28.4 (21.8, 34.9)
25.2 (19.6, 30.8) 25.5 (19.7, 31.3) 23.9 (18.0, 29.8) 22.9 (16.8, 28.9) 21.9 (16.7, 27.2)
51.8 (45.4, 58.2) 53.2 (46.6, 59.8) 53.7 (47.2, 60.2) 52.7 (46.4, 59.1) 50.4 (44.4, 56.4)
41.4 (35.2, 47.6) 41.4 (35.3, 47.5) 41.3 (35.0, 47.7) 41.5 (35.0, 48.0) 41.5 (34.6, 48.4)
53.5 (46.9, 60.1) 54.5 (47.9, 61.2) 54.4 (47.8, 61.1) 57.1 (51.3, 62.9) 54.2 (48.0, 60.5)
55.4 (49.8, 61.0) 54.1 (48.8, 59.4) 54.5 (49.5, 59.6) 54.3 (49.4, 59.1) 53.6 (48.6, 58.7)
34.9 (29.3, 40.4) 33.5 (27.3, 39.7) 35.0 (29.1, 41.0) 34.7 (28.8, 40.6) 35.9 (30.0, 41.7)
30.1 (24.4, 35.8) 30.4 (24.8, 36.1) 30.6 (24.9, 36.2) 28.4 (23.1, 33.7) 25.7 (20.5, 30.8)
50.5 (43.9, 57.1) 54.0 (47.2, 60.7) 53.2 (46.5, 59.8) 55.1 (48.6, 61.6) 54.4 (47.7, 61.1)
48.2 (42.8, 53.6) 49.2 (43.7, 54.7) 49.8 (44.4, 55.2) 50.3 (44.8, 55.8) 50.4 (44.9, 55.9)
32.0 (24.4, 39.5) 37.5 (31.0, 43.9) 38.4 (31.9, 44.9) 38.5 (32.5, 44.5) 36.8 (31.0, 42.6)
45.7 (38.1, 53.3) 48.5 (41.1, 55.8) 38.6 (27.4, 49.8) 37.7 (29.6, 45.8) 27.1 (19.9, 34.3)
49.7 (45.0, 54.3) 47.0 (42.5, 51.6) 44.2 (39.1, 49.3) 43.5 (38.8, 48.2) 44.1 (38.4, 49.7)
47.2 (41.8, 52.6) 48.7 (43.2, 54.1) 47.7 (42.5, 52.9) 46.3 (41.2, 51.4) 45.9 (41.0, 50.8)
51.0 (46.1, 55.8) 48.1 (43.2, 53.0) 50.7 (45.6, 55.8) 51.3 (46.4, 56.3) 51.8 (46.6, 57.0)
44.1 (39.1, 49.2) 44.3 (39.4, 49.3) 43.3 (39.0, 47.7) 45.7 (41.1, 50.3) 42.0 (36.4, 47.6)
76.7 (71.4, 82.1) 77.5 (72.1, 82.8) 77.8 (72.2, 83.4) 78.5 (73.1, 83.9) 79.7 (74.2, 85.2)
61.8 (56.1, 67.6) 61.5 (55.8, 67.2) 61.4 (55.6, 67.2) 62.6 (56.7, 68.5) 69.1 (63.7, 74.4)
49.0 (43.6, 54.4) 49.8 (44.7, 54.9) 48.7 (43.5, 53.8) 47.7 (42.7, 52.7) 46.8 (41.8, 51.9)
64.1 (59.3, 68.9) 64.9 (59.1, 70.7) 63.2 (58.0, 68.3) 62.6 (57.3, 68.0) 62.2 (56.4, 68.1)
42.0 (35.5, 48.4) 42.9 (36.3, 49.5) 43.4 (36.6, 50.2) 41.7 (35.6, 47.9) 40.9 (35.3, 46.5)
40.5 (34.3, 46.8) 38.5 (32.5, 44.5) 39.7 (33.4, 46.0) 41.0 (34.8, 47.2) 43.3 (36.9, 49.7)
57.1 (50.5, 63.7) 58.3 (52.5, 64.2) 60.6 (54.6, 66.7) 64.1 (57.2, 70.9) 63.4 (56.9, 69.9)
39.2 (32.5, 45.8) 37.7 (31.8, 43.6) 39.8 (33.5, 46.1) 40.5 (34.3, 46.7) 40.4 (33.7, 47.1)
57.0 (51.4, 62.6) 55.0 (49.4, 60.6) 54.0 (48.3, 59.8) 55.5 (50.1, 60.8) 56.7 (51.0, 62.3)
58.3 (52.7, 64.0) 60.7 (54.5, 66.8) 62.4 (56.4, 68.4) 64.0 (59.0, 69.0) 63.6 (58.5, 68.6)
41.1 (35.4, 46.8) 41.4 (35.6, 47.3) 40.8 (35.2, 46.5) 41.4 (36.3, 46.5) 41.6 (36.0, 47.1)
5.8 (1.2, 10.3) 5.7 (0.7, 10.7) 4.8 (0.5, 9.2) 5.4 (2.2, 8.7) 3.5 (1.0, 6.0)
69.1 (63.4, 74.7) 69.1 (63.7, 74.5) 67.7 (62.0, 73.4) 67.6 (62.1, 73.1) 71.9 (66.4, 77.4)
49.6 (43.9, 55.3) 49.3 (44.0, 54.6) 47.3 (42.1, 52.5) 48.2 (43.0, 53.3) 51.6 (46.2, 57.0)
54.1 (48.8, 59.5) 54.3 (48.8, 59.8) 52.3 (47.1, 57.5) 49.6 (44.6, 54.7) 50.5 (44.7, 56.2)
30.4 (24.5, 36.3) 31.9 (26.8, 37.0) 29.5 (24.4, 34.6) 32.6 (27.4, 37.9) 32.8 (27.1, 38.5)
68.7 (63.6, 73.8) 69.4 (63.8, 74.9) 68.2 (62.9, 73.4) 64.6 (58.7, 70.4) 63.3 (57.4, 69.2)
49.4 (44.6, 54.3) 51.4 (46.4, 56.5) 51.9 (46.9, 56.9) 52.0 (47.1, 57.0) 50.1 (44.7, 55.4)
47.8 (43.6, 51.9) 48.5 (44.3, 52.6) 50.2 (45.6, 54.8) 51.5 (46.8, 56.3) 51.0 (45.9, 56.0)
22.6 (18.3, 26.9) 23.8 (19.2, 28.3) 24.0 (18.8, 29.2) 24.7 (19.4, 30.0) 23.5 (18.4, 28.6)

78
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT The table shows the Human Development category score for
each country in each year and the associated measurement
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
SCORE CONFIDENCE
INTERVAL
Algeria 68.5 (62.2, 74.8) 69.3 (63.8, 74.8) 70.7 (65.5, 75.9) 72.4 (67.3, 77.5) 73.7 (67.2, 80.2)
Angola 36.3 (27.8, 44.8) 35.2 (26.7, 43.7) 37.1 (28.4, 45.8) 41.3 (33.0, 49.6) 42.8 (34.8, 50.9)
Benin 49.6 (40.6, 58.6) 50.4 (41.7, 59.1) 50.5 (41.2, 59.9) 51.9 (42.8, 61.0) 53.7 (44.1, 63.2)
Botswana 73.1 (65.6, 80.7) 73.9 (67.1, 80.8) 75.1 (68.0, 82.2) 75.0 (68.3, 81.7) 75.8 (68.2, 83.4)
Burkina Faso 44.3 (34.8, 53.7) 45.2 (36.3, 54.0) 45.9 (37.0, 54.9) 48.3 (39.5, 57.1) 48.5 (39.3, 57.8)
Burundi 42.0 (32.8, 51.2) 42.8 (33.9, 51.8) 44.8 (35.4, 54.3) 47.8 (38.7, 56.9) 47.5 (38.3, 56.7)
Cabo Verde 78.3 (71.3, 85.2) 79.8 (73.1, 86.4) 80.3 (73.3, 87.2) 81.2 (74.3, 88.1) 82.3 (75.7, 88.9)
Cameroon 52.6 (44.5, 60.6) 54.6 (48.1, 61.0) 54.1 (47.9, 60.4) 55.8 (51.0, 60.7) 56.6 (51.0, 62.1)
CAR 30.6 (24.7, 36.5) 30.0 (24.4, 35.7) 30.2 (24.3, 36.1) 31.6 (25.7, 37.5) 31.3 (25.3, 37.2)
Chad 30.9 (21.8, 40.0) 30.9 (22.4, 39.3) 32.0 (23.5, 40.5) 32.9 (24.1, 41.6) 32.7 (23.7, 41.7)
Comoros 51.0 (41.7, 60.4) 52.8 (42.7, 62.9) 53.3 (42.2, 64.4) 53.9 (43.8, 64.1) 54.6 (44.9, 64.3)
Congo 44.8 (37.5, 52.1) 44.8 (37.4, 52.2) 46.1 (39.1, 53.2) 48.1 (41.9, 54.3) 49.1 (42.3, 55.9)
Côte d'Ivoire 43.4 (36.3, 50.5) 43.8 (37.5, 50.2) 43.0 (36.8, 49.2) 43.1 (37.3, 48.9) 43.0 (36.8, 49.2)
DRC 40.0 (30.5, 49.4) 40.5 (31.2, 49.8) 41.4 (31.3, 51.6) 43.6 (35.4, 51.8) 43.6 (34.9, 52.2)
Djibouti 51.7 (40.6, 62.9) 52.9 (42.4, 63.4) 53.9 (44.0, 63.8) 54.7 (44.9, 64.4) 57.8 (49.3, 66.2)
Egypt 72.4 (64.8, 80.1) 72.6 (65.5, 79.6) 72.8 (65.6, 79.9) 73.6 (67.0, 80.2) 74.1 (66.6, 81.6)
Eritrea 48.5 (36.6, 60.3) 49.7 (38.2, 61.2) 47.1 (35.2, 59.0) 46.7 (34.8, 58.5) 48.1 (35.9, 60.4)
Ethiopia 44.2 (34.5, 53.9) 45.3 (36.5, 54.2) 46.1 (36.0, 56.1) 48.1 (39.0, 57.1) 50.1 (40.8, 59.4)
Gabon 56.2 (46.6, 65.8) 57.1 (47.7, 66.5) 57.9 (48.8, 67.0) 59.7 (51.2, 68.1) 61.3 (52.4, 70.2)
Gambia 60.6 (53.3, 67.9) 60.8 (53.6, 68.1) 61.4 (54.0, 68.7) 61.4 (54.4, 68.5) 64.3 (57.9, 70.7)
Ghana 64.2 (56.3, 72.1) 66.2 (59.8, 72.6) 67.5 (60.0, 74.9) 70.1 (63.2, 76.9) 71.2 (63.9, 78.5)
Guinea 43.9 (36.2, 51.5) 45.6 (38.1, 53.1) 43.8 (36.1, 51.5) 43.6 (36.5, 50.8) 43.7 (36.5, 50.8)
Guinea-Bissau 41.6 (32.4, 50.8) 44.6 (36.5, 52.7) 44.1 (36.4, 51.8) 46.7 (37.5, 55.8) 47.6 (38.5, 56.6)
Kenya 57.9 (50.3, 65.6) 57.3 (50.6, 64.1) 58.4 (50.4, 66.3) 59.0 (51.7, 66.3) 60.6 (52.5, 68.7)
Lesotho 55.2 (47.1, 63.3) 56.0 (47.9, 64.1) 58.0 (49.7, 66.3) 57.9 (49.5, 66.3) 58.1 (49.9, 66.3)
Liberia 37.7 (28.6, 46.8) 39.6 (31.4, 47.8) 41.8 (32.8, 50.8) 43.7 (34.7, 52.7) 48.6 (40.1, 57.1)
Libya 75.6 (63.6, 87.5) 75.7 (63.6, 87.9) 76.6 (63.7, 89.4) 77.3 (65.2, 89.5) 78.1 (67.0, 89.2)
Madagascar 55.2 (46.8, 63.5) 56.3 (48.8, 63.7) 56.1 (48.4, 63.8) 56.7 (49.6, 63.9) 56.2 (48.0, 64.4)
Malawi 49.6 (41.0, 58.3) 50.5 (42.5, 58.4) 51.3 (42.4, 60.2) 51.3 (43.3, 59.3) 52.8 (44.1, 61.4)
Mali 47.3 (38.4, 56.2) 48.6 (40.3, 56.8) 50.0 (42.0, 58.1) 52.4 (45.0, 59.8) 52.3 (44.3, 60.2)
Mauritania 50.3 (42.0, 58.5) 50.7 (43.4, 58.0) 51.4 (44.4, 58.5) 51.7 (44.7, 58.6) 51.7 (43.7, 59.7)
Mauritius 83.5 (77.6, 89.3) 84.2 (79.6, 88.7) 85.4 (80.0, 90.7) 87.1 (82.6, 91.7) 87.7 (82.5, 92.8)
Morocco 65.1 (59.1, 71.2) 67.8 (61.4, 74.1) 67.6 (60.8, 74.5) 67.8 (61.9, 73.7) 68.0 (61.6, 74.5)
Mozambique 47.1 (39.3, 55.0) 48.8 (42.0, 55.6) 47.2 (39.9, 54.5) 45.5 (38.7, 52.3) 48.4 (41.7, 55.0)
Namibia 64.0 (55.7, 72.3) 64.2 (56.8, 71.7) 64.7 (56.5, 73.0) 65.7 (57.5, 73.9) 65.0 (56.7, 73.4)
Niger 37.5 (26.5, 48.4) 37.9 (27.9, 47.9) 37.3 (27.0, 47.6) 39.4 (29.4, 49.5) 40.6 (30.4, 50.7)
Nigeria 50.5 (41.7, 59.2) 51.8 (44.0, 59.5) 53.5 (45.1, 61.8) 53.5 (45.5, 61.5) 53.8 (46.0, 61.6)
Rwanda 56.6 (48.1, 65.2) 57.5 (49.6, 65.4) 58.7 (50.0, 67.4) 57.6 (49.3, 66.0) 61.6 (53.0, 70.1)
Senegal 54.9 (47.5, 62.2) 56.8 (50.7, 62.9) 57.3 (50.4, 64.2) 58.4 (52.1, 64.7) 59.5 (52.5, 66.5)
Seychelles 81.3 (71.8, 90.8) 80.2 (70.8, 89.6) 82.1 (72.4, 91.8) 82.0 (72.8, 91.2) 82.9 (74.3, 91.4)
Sierra Leone 38.2 (29.9, 46.4) 39.3 (31.1, 47.6) 38.5 (30.2, 46.8) 40.7 (32.6, 48.9) 41.9 (33.0, 50.9)
Somalia 13.8 (1.7, 25.9) 13.4 (4.6, 22.3) 13.3 (1.3, 25.3) 26.2 (9.8, 42.5) 13.8 (1.1, 26.5)
South Africa 77.6 (69.3, 85.9) 77.1 (70.1, 84.1) 78.6 (71.1, 86.0) 78.7 (72.0, 85.4) 78.3 (70.3, 86.4)
Swaziland 61.1 (53.0, 69.2) 58.3 (50.9, 65.8) 61.3 (53.3, 69.4) 61.9 (53.9, 69.9) 62.0 (53.2, 70.8)
Tanzania 52.9 (44.7, 61.2) 53.7 (46.5, 60.8) 54.9 (46.7, 63.0) 57.0 (49.6, 64.4) 57.8 (49.8, 65.9)
Togo 44.5 (35.4, 53.5) 44.8 (36.7, 53.0) 44.9 (37.1, 52.7) 45.2 (37.2, 53.2) 46.5 (38.2, 54.8)
Tunisia 85.9 (80.1, 91.7) 85.7 (81.2, 90.1) 87.2 (81.3, 93.2) 89.5 (85.1, 93.9) 88.1 (82.4, 93.9)
Uganda 57.0 (49.3, 64.7) 58.1 (50.9, 65.4) 59.3 (52.2, 66.3) 60.7 (53.8, 67.6) 61.3 (54.5, 68.2)
Zambia 54.9 (48.1, 61.7) 57.1 (50.8, 63.3) 57.2 (50.4, 64.0) 58.0 (52.4, 63.6) 59.9 (53.0, 66.7)
Zimbabwe 47.7 (40.2, 55.3) 47.9 (41.0, 54.7) 47.6 (40.4, 54.9) 48.1 (40.9, 55.3) 45.6 (38.3, 53.0)

79
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
74.8 (69.2, 80.3) 76.0 (70.1, 81.9) 77.1 (71.4, 82.8) 77.2 (70.1, 84.4) 77.5 (70.1, 84.8)
43.4 (35.8, 51.0) 46.6 (38.6, 54.6) 48.7 (41.4, 56.0) 49.8 (41.7, 57.9) 48.6 (40.0, 57.3)
54.8 (47.2, 62.5) 56.4 (47.7, 65.1) 57.4 (50.0, 64.8) 58.2 (50.1, 66.2) 58.5 (50.4, 66.7)
77.2 (70.4, 83.9) 77.7 (70.1, 85.4) 79.4 (71.7, 87.0) 80.3 (72.2, 88.5) 80.4 (72.4, 88.4)
48.0 (39.6, 56.3) 47.9 (39.4, 56.5) 49.4 (41.0, 57.8) 51.6 (42.7, 60.4) 51.2 (42.1, 60.3)
46.8 (38.2, 55.4) 48.7 (39.9, 57.5) 50.4 (41.5, 59.3) 52.2 (42.3, 62.0) 52.7 (42.9, 62.4)
83.7 (77.7, 89.7) 85.1 (79.8, 90.3) 84.6 (80.1, 89.1) 83.4 (77.8, 89.0) 81.6 (74.3, 88.9)
55.5 (49.8, 61.3) 57.9 (52.9, 62.9) 58.7 (54.0, 63.4) 59.6 (53.8, 65.4) 59.6 (52.8, 66.5)
33.8 (28.0, 39.5) 35.2 (29.8, 40.6) 36.4 (30.9, 41.8) 37.3 (30.9, 43.7) 34.3 (27.7, 40.9)
34.4 (26.5, 42.4) 34.8 (27.2, 42.5) 36.2 (29.0, 43.5) 37.6 (29.9, 45.2) 37.1 (28.8, 45.5)
57.1 (47.5, 66.8) 54.4 (45.4, 63.5) 54.6 (45.4, 63.8) 55.4 (46.1, 64.6) 55.7 (45.2, 66.3)
46.5 (39.8, 53.3) 49.0 (41.0, 56.9) 52.5 (45.4, 59.7) 51.0 (43.6, 58.4) 51.2 (42.9, 59.5)
42.5 (37.3, 47.6) 43.9 (38.2, 49.7) 43.3 (38.0, 48.5) 47.8 (41.4, 54.2) 48.3 (40.5, 56.0)
42.4 (33.8, 51.0) 42.1 (33.2, 50.9) 43.2 (34.5, 51.8) 44.5 (35.5, 53.6) 45.2 (35.7, 54.6)
56.9 (46.8, 67.0) 57.8 (47.8, 67.8) 56.6 (48.2, 65.0) 57.0 (46.6, 67.4) 56.4 (46.5, 66.3)
70.9 (62.0, 79.7) 71.2 (62.1, 80.4) 69.8 (61.1, 78.5) 69.8 (61.0, 78.5) 69.4 (60.3, 78.5)
59.1 (47.3, 71.0) 60.4 (48.7, 72.1) 57.4 (45.6, 69.1) 57.9 (45.6, 70.2) 57.9 (45.1, 70.7)
47.9 (37.1, 58.7) 46.0 (34.4, 57.7) 43.7 (31.7, 55.7) 43.3 (31.6, 55.1) 43.5 (31.2, 55.7)
51.0 (42.1, 59.9) 52.1 (42.8, 61.4) 54.0 (44.4, 63.6) 56.2 (46.5, 65.9) 56.9 (47.5, 66.2)
59.7 (50.3, 69.0) 61.7 (52.1, 71.3) 61.5 (52.0, 71.1) 62.7 (53.2, 72.2) 62.8 (52.4, 73.2)
62.5 (53.9, 71.1) 63.7 (55.9, 71.6) 64.8 (56.9, 72.8) 65.8 (57.8, 73.8) 65.4 (55.8, 75.0)
69.3 (61.9, 76.8) 71.9 (64.1, 79.7) 73.3 (67.4, 79.2) 75.1 (68.5, 81.6) 75.5 (68.9, 82.1)
44.0 (37.3, 50.8) 45.0 (37.8, 52.2) 43.7 (36.6, 50.9) 46.7 (39.5, 53.9) 47.5 (39.9, 55.1)
47.4 (38.7, 56.0) 51.2 (41.9, 60.5) 51.2 (41.5, 60.8) 48.5 (40.1, 57.0) 46.7 (37.5, 55.8)
61.4 (53.3, 69.6) 62.2 (53.4, 71.1) 64.5 (55.7, 73.3) 63.9 (55.0, 72.8) 64.6 (55.6, 73.6)
57.8 (50.7, 64.9) 58.3 (50.4, 66.2) 59.8 (53.2, 66.3) 59.0 (51.7, 66.4) 59.3 (51.6, 66.9)
47.3 (39.1, 55.5) 48.7 (40.6, 56.8) 52.2 (44.4, 60.1) 54.1 (45.8, 62.4) 53.6 (45.5, 61.7)
77.8 (66.6, 89.1) 76.3 (63.1, 89.5) 71.5 (57.8, 85.2) 69.7 (56.3, 83.0) 67.4 (53.3, 81.6)
53.3 (45.0, 61.6) 53.3 (44.3, 62.2) 50.6 (42.7, 58.5) 48.9 (40.3, 57.4) 48.6 (40.0, 57.2)
52.8 (44.5, 61.1) 54.7 (46.4, 63.0) 55.4 (47.4, 63.4) 56.3 (48.0, 64.5) 56.8 (48.5, 65.1)
51.2 (43.2, 59.2) 52.8 (44.7, 61.0) 54.5 (46.7, 62.2) 52.9 (45.0, 60.9) 51.6 (42.9, 60.4)
49.0 (41.5, 56.4) 49.1 (41.3, 56.9) 50.3 (43.0, 57.5) 51.2 (43.4, 59.1) 52.6 (44.2, 60.9)
84.0 (76.9, 91.1) 84.1 (76.3, 91.9) 85.9 (80.1, 91.6) 85.7 (78.6, 92.7) 85.6 (78.3, 92.8)
65.8 (58.6, 73.0) 67.8 (60.5, 75.1) 69.9 (63.8, 76.1) 70.5 (62.5, 78.4) 70.1 (62.4, 77.9)
49.3 (43.9, 54.7) 51.4 (45.2, 57.5) 50.5 (45.2, 55.9) 51.5 (45.0, 58.0) 50.5 (43.5, 57.5)
64.7 (57.3, 72.0) 66.8 (58.3, 75.4) 66.8 (58.8, 74.7) 67.8 (59.3, 76.2) 68.9 (60.3, 77.5)
43.0 (33.3, 52.6) 43.9 (34.3, 53.4) 45.8 (36.1, 55.6) 46.7 (36.5, 56.8) 45.8 (35.0, 56.6)
53.3 (45.7, 60.9) 52.3 (44.1, 60.6) 52.7 (44.5, 60.9) 52.9 (44.2, 61.6) 53.0 (44.0, 61.9)
64.4 (56.8, 72.1) 65.6 (58.1, 73.1) 69.0 (62.1, 75.9) 70.8 (62.9, 78.7) 72.1 (63.9, 80.3)
59.0 (49.2, 68.8) 63.1 (53.8, 72.4) 66.8 (57.1, 76.6) 67.0 (58.4, 75.6) 66.3 (56.8, 75.8)
60.0 (53.9, 66.0) 61.5 (53.7, 69.3) 63.2 (56.1, 70.3) 63.5 (55.0, 72.0) 63.4 (55.5, 71.4)
82.0 (73.4, 90.7) 83.1 (73.8, 92.5) 84.1 (75.4, 92.9) 83.9 (74.3, 93.5) 84.4 (73.7, 95.1)
42.2 (33.6, 50.9) 42.8 (33.7, 52.0) 45.4 (37.0, 53.8) 46.2 (37.8, 54.6) 47.1 (38.3, 55.9)
13.6 (4.9, 22.2) 14.0 (2.5, 25.5) 13.1 (4.6, 21.6) 13.7 (3.3, 24.1) 14.1 (5.1, 23.2)
76.2 (68.7, 83.8) 77.6 (69.7, 85.6) 78.5 (71.0, 86.1) 78.7 (70.1, 87.4) 78.8 (70.1, 87.5)
61.2 (53.3, 69.0) 62.2 (55.4, 69.0) 61.7 (54.5, 68.8) 61.8 (53.0, 70.6) 62.6 (53.2, 71.9)
56.8 (49.0, 64.6) 57.7 (50.0, 65.4) 57.3 (49.6, 65.1) 59.5 (51.5, 67.5) 59.6 (51.4, 67.8)
46.9 (39.8, 53.9) 50.5 (43.0, 57.9) 52.7 (46.0, 59.5) 54.4 (46.4, 62.5) 54.6 (46.1, 63.0)
86.5 (81.7, 91.4) 86.9 (81.0, 92.9) 83.6 (79.2, 88.0) 82.0 (75.1, 88.9) 81.0 (74.1, 87.9)
61.0 (54.9, 67.1) 62.2 (55.4, 69.0) 62.4 (57.0, 67.8) 63.4 (56.7, 70.1) 62.8 (55.5, 70.0)
60.4 (54.9, 65.9) 60.3 (54.2, 66.4) 59.5 (53.3, 65.7) 60.8 (54.3, 67.3) 61.4 (55.0, 67.7)
43.3 (36.1, 50.5) 46.4 (39.3, 53.5) 53.4 (47.0, 59.7) 53.6 (46.2, 61.0) 53.9 (46.4, 61.4)

Significant Movers in the 2014 IIAG: 2009–2013
80
CONFIDENCE LEVEL COUNTRY OVERALL
GOVERNANCE
95% Côte d'Ivoire +7.8
Egypt -21.3
Libya -18.2 -18.6
90% Côte d'Ivoire +7.8 +14.2
Egypt -21.3
Libya -18.2 -18.6
Tunisia +24.9
85% CAR -6.2 -14.5
Côte d'Ivoire +7.8 +14.2
Egypt -8.0 -21.3 -12.6
Guinea +6.5
Libya -18.2 +17.5 -18.6
Mali -14.5
Tunisia +24.9
80% CAR -6.2 -14.5
Côte d'Ivoire +7.8 +14.2
Egypt -8.0 -21.3 -12.6
Guinea +6.5 +11.8
Guinea-Bissau -6.8
Lesotho +8.8
Libya -7.4 -18.2 +17.5 -18.6
Mali -5.7 -14.5
Senegal +10.1
Tunisia +24.9
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE
ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
PARTICIPATION &
HUMAN RIGHTS
SAFETY &
RULE OF LAW
The choice of confidence level will have an impact on which
countries demonstrate statistically significant movements in
governance performance between two years.
This table highlights countries that experience a statistically
significant improvement (green) or deterioration (red) in IIAG
scores at the overall and category levels over the five-year
time period, from 2009 to 2013. The following confidence
levels are represented: 95%, 90%, 85% and 80%.

83
2014 IIAG:
COUNTRY
PROFILES
Algeria 84
Angola 85
Benin 86
Botswana 87
Burkina Faso 88
Burundi 89
Cabo Verde 90
Cameroon 91
Central African Republic (CAR) 92
Chad 93
Comoros 94
Congo 95
Côte d’Ivoire 96
Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) 97
Djibouti 98
Egypt 99
Equatorial Guinea 100
Eritrea 101
Ethiopia 102
Gabon 103
Gambia 104
Ghana 105
Guinea 106
Guinea-Bissau 107
Kenya 108
Lesotho 109
Liberia 110
Libya 111
Madagascar 112
Malawi 113
Mali 114
Mauritania 115
Mauritius 116
Morocco 117
Mozambique 118
Namibia 119
Niger 120
Nigeria 121
Rwanda 122
São Tomé & Príncipe 123
Senegal 124
Seychelles 125
Sierra Leone 126
Somalia 127
South Africa 128
Swaziland 129
Tanzania 130
Togo 131
Tunisia 132
Uganda 133
Zambia 134
Zimbabwe 135

Country Profiles
84
Algeria
Region North Africa
Head of State President Abdelaziz
Bouteflika
since 28 April 1999
REC
AMU
membership(s)
Country Results
RANK
2013
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Category Scores Sub-category Scores 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
2009
2013
Overall Governance Performance Additional Country Information*
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
20 Overall Governance 49.3 ... 53.0 54.2 52.5 53.2 54.4 +1.4
34 Safety & Rule of Law 52.7 ... 48.5 50.0 43.8 44.3 46.8 -1.7
31 Rule of Law 49.4 ... 44.5 41.5 40.1 39.4 41.4 -3.1
20 Accountability 37.6 ... 37.7 42.5 41.1 39.7 42.5 +4.9
31 Personal Safety 47.7 ... 46.6 45.8 33.5 37.8 42.9 -3.7
46 National Security 76.1 ... 65.3 70.3 60.3 60.3 60.4 -4.9
31 Participation & Human Rights 35.3 ... 38.3 39.0 39.5 43.3 43.4 +5.1
35 Participation 23.5 ... 21.3 22.7 22.7 27.7 30.0 +8.7
21 Rights 48.6 ... 55.5 54.6 54.6 56.3 54.5 -0.9
34 Gender 33.7 ... 38.1 39.7 41.1 45.8 45.8 +7.6
23 Sustainable Economic Opportunity 48.0 ... 50.3 51.8 49.8 48.0 49.9 -0.4
12 Public Management 45.3 ... 53.1 54.7 54.9 53.7 56.5 +3.4
32 Business Environment 47.8 ... 46.4 45.5 41.3 38.3 44.6 -1.8
15 Infrastructure 42.9 ... 48.2 52.6 48.2 46.1 44.5 -3.7
30 Rural Sector 56.0 ... 53.4 54.3 55.0 53.8 53.8 +0.4
7 Human Development 61.3 ... 74.8 76.0 77.1 77.2 77.5 +2.7
10 Welfare 50.5 ... 59.7 60.7 63.3 63.3 63.3 +3.6
8 Education 58.1 ... 68.3 70.6 71.2 71.6 72.3 +4.0
3 Health 75.2 ... 96.3 96.7 96.7 96.8 96.8 +0.5
Rank/52 Score/100
20th 54.4
Scores higher than the African
average (51.5) and ranks 20th
(out of 52) overall.
Scores higher than the regional
average for North Africa (52.8),
ranking 3rd (out of 6) in
the region.
•
•
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
YEAR
Population (millions) 39.2 2013
Population growth (annual %) 1.9 2013
Urban population (% of total) 74.5 2013
GDP per capita (US$) 5360.7 2013
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) 3.3 2013
Unemployment, youth (% of total) 21.6 2012
Gini Index . .
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
* Not included in the 2014 IIAG. Data sourced from the WDI. Year refers to
the latest available data on 29 July 2014.

85
Angola
Region Southern Africa
Head of State President José Eduardo
since 21 September 1979
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
44th 40.9
Scores lower than the African
Scores lower than the regional
average for Southern Africa
(59.3), ranking 11th (out of 12)
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
dos Santos
ECCAS, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index 42.7 2009
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
39 Safety & Rule of Law 26.6 ... 39.8 41.6 42.1 44.6 43.1 +3.3
38 Rule of Law 22.9 ... 38.6 31.9 30.8 37.1 35.0 -3.5
48 Accountability 12.0 ... 18.1 18.6 16.9 18.5 15.5 -2.6
37 Personal Safety 39.0 ... 39.0 45.2 39.9 38.7 37.5 -1.4
19 National Security 32.6 ... 63.7 70.7 81.0 84.1 84.3 +20.6
40 Participation & Human Rights 27.9 ... 43.1 43.1 41.6 43.0 37.3 -5.7
34 Participation 6.2 ... 29.6 30.3 30.3 37.0 34.8 +5.2
41 Rights 26.3 ... 40.9 42.3 42.6 41.7 35.8 -5.0
40 Gender 51.1 ... 58.8 56.6 52.0 50.5 41.4 -17.4
33 Infrastructure 21.9 ... 30.8 31.1 30.1 31.0 28.5 -2.3
43 Rural Sector 19.9 ... 41.1 41.4 40.1 40.6 38.9 -2.2
40 Welfare 32.8 ... 38.9 41.6 44.5 44.4 40.1 +1.3
41 Education 28.9 ... 34.1 36.5 39.5 40.2 40.9 +6.8
38 Health 33.3 ... 57.2 61.6 62.2 64.8 64.9 +7.7
Sub-category Scores 2013
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

86
Benin
Region West Africa
Head of State President Yayi Boni
since 6 April 2006
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
18th 56.7
average for West Africa (52.2),
ranking 4th (out of 15) in
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
18 Overall Governance 55.2 ... 60.2 60.9 59.9 59.4 56.7 -3.5
12 Rule of Law 58.9 ... 59.8 59.8 58.6 58.2 59.4 -0.4
26 Accountability 39.7 ... 40.4 39.2 38.8 37.4 37.2 -3.1
14 Personal Safety 68.3 ... 63.4 60.7 61.1 62.4 54.0 -9.5
10 Participation 74.1 ... 83.5 84.2 75.3 74.2 73.1 -10.4
7 Rights 72.8 ... 74.7 75.1 75.3 75.5 69.3 -5.4
22 Gender 45.4 ... 53.7 54.5 54.0 54.5 54.5 +0.8
41 Infrastructure 25.5 ... 31.2 34.2 32.8 32.2 22.6 -8.6
22 Rural Sector 57.1 ... 62.7 63.6 63.1 61.9 57.8 -4.9
18 Welfare 50.8 ... 53.6 56.2 56.0 56.9 58.4 +4.8
31 Education 31.1 ... 42.9 45.8 47.7 46.3 45.9 +3.0
26 Health 50.2 ... 68.0 67.2 68.5 71.3 71.3 +3.4
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

87
Botswana
Head of State President Seretse
since 1 April 2008
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
3rd 76.2
average (51.5) and ranks 3rd
(59.3), ranking 2nd (out of 12)
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Khama Ian Khama
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
1 Rule of Law 97.3 ... 97.6 97.4 97.4 97.4 95.5 -2.2
1 Accountability 77.3 ... 79.2 79.6 79.2 78.0 77.3 -2.0
3 Personal Safety 71.8 ... 66.6 70.3 74.7 70.9 68.7 +2.1
7 Participation 78.9 ... 77.1 77.9 77.9 79.6 78.5 +1.3
8 Rights 64.4 ... 67.7 68.3 68.9 69.2 68.5 +0.8
4 Gender 65.2 ... 65.0 65.0 65.0 65.0 72.3 +7.3
3 Public Management 72.7 ... 72.6 68.6 68.3 69.3 69.5 -3.0
7 Infrastructure 56.1 ... 58.6 61.9 59.7 60.2 58.4 -0.1
14 Rural Sector 58.4 ... 64.6 62.8 63.3 64.0 62.9 -1.7
2 Welfare 64.6 ... 73.0 72.5 77.2 78.2 79.2 +6.3
6 Education 72.1 ... 76.2 76.3 75.4 75.9 75.0 -1.1
9 Health 63.4 ... 82.3 84.4 85.4 86.9 86.9 +4.6
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

88
Burkina Faso
Region West Africa
Head of State President Blaise
since 15 October 1987
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
21st 53.3
average (51.5) and ranks 21st
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Compaoré
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
26 Rule of Law 57.4 ... 51.0 49.8 50.1 50.2 47.0 -4.1
15 Accountability 50.9 ... 45.2 44.2 42.1 43.7 44.7 -0.5
16 Personal Safety 71.0 ... 59.3 57.7 44.5 49.2 52.5 -6.7
25 Participation 49.1 ... 48.4 46.8 46.8 45.7 47.4 -0.9
11 Rights 58.1 ... 68.3 70.4 66.6 68.5 65.8 -2.6
33 Gender 43.8 ... 48.4 47.2 45.4 44.4 46.4 -2.0
34 Infrastructure 26.8 ... 33.9 31.1 30.6 32.4 27.6 -6.3
6 Rural Sector 57.1 ... 73.9 73.6 70.4 68.9 69.1 -4.9
20 Welfare 56.9 ... 52.4 51.4 52.2 55.0 54.2 +1.7
48 Education 19.4 ... 27.2 26.9 28.4 30.4 30.1 +2.9
32 Health 41.5 ... 64.3 65.5 67.5 69.3 69.4 +5.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

89
Burundi
Region East Africa
Head of State President Pierre
since 26 August 2005
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
38th 45.3
average for East Africa (48.5),
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Nkurunziza
COMESA, EAC, ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
30 Rule of Law 57.7 ... 44.7 44.1 43.3 43.4 42.1 -2.6
41 Accountability 29.4 ... 29.7 28.2 26.6 24.7 27.0 -2.7
40 Personal Safety 44.8 ... 30.7 32.6 32.2 31.3 31.8 +1.0
28 Participation 13.3 ... 57.5 43.6 41.4 42.5 43.6 -13.9
37 Rights 38.9 ... 36.3 36.4 36.7 36.6 38.6 +2.3
12 Gender 55.8 ... 62.5 62.1 63.3 64.9 66.7 +4.2
40 Infrastructure 15.4 ... 21.3 24.9 25.1 23.2 22.7 +1.4
33 Rural Sector 37.2 ... 55.9 45.2 46.1 49.7 53.0 -3.0
27 Welfare 35.8 ... 44.7 46.4 47.1 51.3 51.6 +6.9
39 Education 27.5 ... 35.7 37.9 40.7 40.6 41.6 +6.0
39 Health 45.0 ... 60.0 61.8 63.3 64.6 64.8 +4.8
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

90
Cabo Verde
Region West Africa
Head of State President Jorge Carlos
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
2nd 76.6
average (51.5) and ranks 2nd
ranking 1st (out of 15) in
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Fonseca
ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
6 Rule of Law 79.1 ... 72.4 79.0 79.5 80.4 82.5 +10.1
3 Accountability 71.8 ... 71.9 71.9 72.0 71.5 68.1 -3.8
5 Personal Safety 80.6 ... 63.9 68.1 59.5 62.6 62.1 -1.8
1 Participation 75.5 ... 82.7 82.7 96.1 96.1 96.1 +13.5
1 Rights 76.9 ... 83.9 84.0 80.1 79.0 84.0 +0.1
8 Gender 66.2 ... 71.2 71.4 70.8 70.8 70.2 -1.0
8 Sustainable Economic Opportunity 52.7 ... 61.0 61.3 61.5 61.8 63.1 +2.1
9 Business Environment 59.6 ... 59.7 59.7 62.1 63.1 63.0 +3.3
10 Infrastructure 39.1 ... 42.7 44.8 47.1 47.6 49.6 +6.9
1 Rural Sector 61.4 ... 82.8 82.8 80.8 81.2 80.3 -2.5
3 Human Development 70.8 ... 83.7 85.1 84.6 83.4 81.6 -2.0
6 Welfare 83.6 ... 87.0 88.4 86.6 81.7 76.1 -10.9
3 Education 62.8 ... 73.0 75.7 76.5 77.2 77.5 +4.5
5 Health 66.1 ... 91.0 91.2 90.8 91.3 91.3 +0.3
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

91
Cameroon
Region Central Africa
Head of State President Paul Biya
since 6 November 1982
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
34th 47.6
average for Central Africa (41.4),
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
40 Rule of Law 39.7 ... 33.2 33.9 33.9 33.8 31.8 -1.4
38 Accountability 24.1 ... 34.5 31.7 27.7 29.3 29.4 -5.1
33 Personal Safety 34.5 ... 34.6 29.4 34.3 39.2 40.8 +6.2
38 Participation 18.5 ... 23.9 24.6 24.6 26.0 27.5 +3.6
39 Rights 36.1 ... 37.1 37.0 36.9 36.4 36.6 -0.5
24 Gender 48.6 ... 46.7 49.2 50.1 50.3 53.9 +7.2
24 Infrastructure 17.7 ... 31.3 32.6 35.0 37.1 37.9 +6.6
20 Rural Sector 44.8 ... 58.1 60.5 60.2 60.2 58.3 +0.2
30 Welfare 52.3 ... 50.8 51.6 52.3 51.2 50.5 -0.3
23 Education 36.3 ... 48.1 51.0 52.0 53.4 54.1 +6.0
24 Health 49.2 ... 67.6 71.1 71.9 74.2 74.3 +6.6
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

92
Central African Republic
Head of State Interim President
since 20 January 2014
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
51st 24.8
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Catherine Samba-
Panza
CEN-SAD, ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
48 Rule of Law 31.9 ... 36.9 36.9 36.9 36.5 15.2 -21.7
49 Accountability 17.8 ... 20.6 22.9 22.9 23.6 15.2 -5.4
51 Personal Safety 50.0 ... 35.0 32.5 30.0 15.0 7.5 -27.5
46 Participation 24.8 ... 44.1 25.1 25.1 25.4 17.6 -26.5
48 Rights 30.7 ... 29.0 29.6 31.1 32.5 27.9 -1.1
42 Gender 32.0 ... 33.8 36.8 39.4 39.9 39.1 +5.3
42 Infrastructure 15.5 ... 23.2 23.3 23.4 23.6 22.1 -1.1
49 Rural Sector 20.6 ... 23.2 36.1 41.1 38.0 24.0 +0.8
50 Welfare 26.5 ... 29.2 29.2 30.3 31.6 22.5 -6.7
51 Education 23.5 ... 19.4 22.0 23.5 24.0 24.0 +4.6
48 Health 31.9 ... 52.6 54.4 55.3 56.2 56.4 +3.7
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

93
Chad
Head of State President Idriss Déby
since 4 December 1990
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
49th 32.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
CEN-SAD, ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
45 Rule of Law 34.7 ... 32.9 33.6 28.7 26.5 26.5 -6.4
42 Accountability 27.9 ... 25.5 23.8 25.4 25.9 24.7 -0.8
45 Personal Safety 45.7 ... 16.6 23.3 25.8 27.0 26.4 +9.8
47 Participation 16.7 ... 7.8 7.8 13.1 15.3 17.6 +9.8
46 Rights 37.6 ... 34.7 36.9 37.8 37.3 29.1 -5.7
46 Gender 31.4 ... 30.8 30.1 30.2 30.4 37.7 +6.9
48 Infrastructure 7.7 ... 14.4 16.4 19.4 19.6 12.7 -1.6
42 Rural Sector 38.9 ... 36.7 38.7 41.0 39.8 40.0 +3.3
46 Welfare 38.8 ... 31.9 30.8 34.4 35.0 35.0 +3.0
50 Education 15.1 ... 28.6 30.1 29.1 29.3 27.8 -0.8
51 Health 30.5 ... 42.8 43.5 45.2 48.4 48.7 +5.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

94
Comoros
Region East Africa
Head of State President Ikililou
since 26 May 2011
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
30th 49.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Dhoinine
COMESA
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
28 Rule of Law 39.0 ... 39.0 42.3 42.3 42.3 42.5 +3.5
33 Accountability 32.8 ... 36.5 36.5 36.5 36.5 34.2 -2.4
7 Personal Safety 55.0 ... 65.0 65.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 -5.0
21 Participation 15.1 ... 67.0 57.3 59.7 59.7 59.8 -7.3
13 Rights 62.8 ... 62.3 62.6 63.6 63.5 63.5 +1.2
45 Gender 39.3 ... 40.3 41.4 39.9 40.2 38.1 -2.3
36 Infrastructure 24.9 ... 23.7 25.6 25.9 26.3 26.6 +2.9
47 Rural Sector 35.3 ... 33.0 34.9 34.9 34.9 35.6 +2.6
38 Welfare 32.8 ... 38.7 37.1 40.5 42.6 43.6 +4.9
14 Education 47.9 ... 59.6 60.5 62.0 62.9 62.9 +3.3
45 Health 50.7 ... 73.1 65.7 61.3 60.6 60.6 -12.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

95
Congo
Head of State President Denis
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
41st 43.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Sassou-Nguesso
ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
41 Rule of Law 31.6 ... 30.7 30.7 30.3 30.4 30.4 -0.3
43 Accountability 21.3 ... 22.0 24.3 25.4 24.2 24.5 +2.5
32 Personal Safety 35.0 ... 32.5 40.0 40.0 37.5 42.5 +10.0
40 Participation 15.7 ... 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 26.0 0.0
36 Rights 34.7 ... 38.0 39.0 38.9 38.8 38.6 +0.7
30 Gender 42.5 ... 46.2 47.7 47.8 48.2 49.6 +3.3
35 Infrastructure 21.4 ... 25.1 25.9 26.1 26.4 26.7 +1.6
39 Rural Sector 28.4 ... 44.4 43.3 43.3 43.3 46.3 +1.9
37 Welfare 40.0 ... 39.7 41.2 43.5 44.4 44.7 +4.9
35 Education 34.7 ... 37.8 41.8 49.9 44.5 44.5 +6.8
42 Health 47.9 ... 62.2 63.9 64.3 64.2 64.3 +2.1
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

96
Côte d'Ivoire
Region West Africa
Head of State President Alassane
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
40th 44.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Dramane Ouattara
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
44 Rule of Law 36.6 ... 10.6 10.7 19.5 24.6 26.6 +16.0
39 Accountability 29.7 ... 33.1 32.3 32.4 33.8 29.0 -4.1
36 Personal Safety 34.4 ... 25.0 19.9 18.5 25.3 37.9 +12.9
24 Participation 26.6 ... 14.2 22.4 33.6 45.0 51.7 +37.5
32 Rights 28.6 ... 37.2 35.6 35.6 40.6 46.2 +9.1
49 Gender 39.0 ... 37.7 35.9 34.5 32.6 33.7 -3.9
14 Infrastructure 44.8 ... 44.7 39.8 40.3 42.3 45.7 +1.0
44 Rural Sector 46.5 ... 38.1 38.8 39.2 36.2 38.0 -0.1
45 Welfare 33.3 ... 29.4 28.8 30.3 35.4 35.7 +6.3
44 Education 33.4 ... 38.1 37.8 36.8 38.3 39.3 +1.1
30 Health 49.5 ... 59.9 65.2 62.6 69.8 69.9 +9.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

97
Democratic Republic of Congo
Head of State President Joseph
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
47th 34.1
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Kabila
COMESA, ECCAS,
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
39 Rule of Law 37.7 ... 28.9 28.9 28.9 28.8 31.8 +2.9
45 Accountability 19.1 ... 23.1 22.4 22.4 22.9 22.8 -0.3
50 Personal Safety 10.0 ... 15.0 10.0 17.5 6.3 10.0 -5.0
44 Participation 5.9 ... 35.1 36.6 31.0 25.4 19.9 -15.3
42 Rights 27.0 ... 35.5 35.5 35.3 34.4 32.7 -2.8
36 Gender 38.7 ... 40.1 39.1 40.0 40.3 45.2 +5.2
51 Infrastructure 8.8 ... 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.8 10.3 +0.9
25 Rural Sector 24.8 ... 48.0 44.4 44.4 44.4 56.7 +8.7
49 Welfare 28.5 ... 27.9 28.8 28.8 29.7 31.4 +3.5
29 Education 45.2 ... 46.9 46.9 47.1 48.6 48.6 +1.8
49 Health 37.9 ... 52.5 50.5 53.7 55.3 55.5 +3.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

98
Djibouti
Region East Africa
Head of State President Ismail Omar
since 8 May 1999
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
35th 46.8
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Guelleh
CEN-SAD, COMESA,
IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Unemployment, youth (% of total) . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
34 Rule of Law 43.1 ... 40.2 33.6 33.6 40.2 40.4 +0.2
36 Accountability 25.0 ... 34.1 33.2 32.3 31.4 30.8 -3.2
21 Personal Safety 70.0 ... 57.5 60.0 55.0 50.0 50.0 -7.5
42 Participation 40.9 ... 24.2 18.6 19.2 19.2 24.0 -0.2
43 Rights 25.4 ... 27.3 30.4 33.4 35.5 31.3 +4.0
41 Gender 39.1 ... 40.0 40.6 42.2 42.9 40.9 +0.9
9 Infrastructure 47.1 ... 45.2 46.1 46.9 51.0 51.2 +6.0
37 Rural Sector 47.6 ... 38.1 38.1 39.5 48.8 47.2 +9.1
22 Welfare 53.4 ... 59.3 61.1 54.9 55.5 53.5 -5.9
33 Education 30.5 ... 43.6 44.0 45.6 45.6 45.7 +2.1
29 Health 50.6 ... 67.9 68.3 69.4 70.1 70.1 +2.2
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

99
Egypt
Region North Africa
Head of State President Abdel Fattah
since 8 June 2014
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
26th 51.1
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
al-Sisi
CEN-SAD, COMESA
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
43 Rule of Law 63.5 ... 62.3 62.2 61.6 49.6 27.9 -34.5
32 Accountability 41.3 ... 42.1 40.2 38.3 34.2 35.1 -7.0
44 Personal Safety 57.1 ... 54.4 47.9 36.0 31.4 29.0 -25.5
29 Participation 20.5 ... 25.1 23.0 15.1 50.3 42.8 +17.7
34 Rights 33.4 ... 43.4 43.9 41.3 42.7 41.3 -2.1
48 Gender 33.8 ... 40.7 42.9 38.9 39.2 35.8 -4.8
8 Infrastructure 53.6 ... 66.7 68.0 62.9 61.2 56.8 -9.9
12 Rural Sector 57.4 ... 77.1 72.4 71.6 72.9 63.4 -13.7
31 Welfare 54.1 ... 55.7 55.7 52.3 51.2 50.1 -5.6
10 Education 67.3 ... 70.0 70.0 68.1 68.7 68.5 -1.4
7 Health 81.7 ... 86.9 88.0 89.0 89.4 89.4 +2.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

100
Equatorial Guinea
Head of State President Teodoro
since 3 August 1979
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
45th 38.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Obiang Nguema
Mbasogo
ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
47 Rule of Law 22.0 ... 24.6 24.6 24.6 23.9 23.2 -1.4
51 Accountability 5.6 ... 12.3 12.8 12.8 12.8 12.8 +0.6
34 Personal Safety 52.5 ... 45.0 47.5 43.8 40.0 40.0 -5.0
48 Participation 6.1 ... 12.7 12.7 15.1 15.1 15.1 +2.4
50 Rights 14.2 ... 17.0 17.0 16.8 16.8 10.5 -6.5
27 Gender 37.0 ... 43.1 46.4 51.7 51.7 52.2 +9.1
47 Infrastructure 12.4 ... 10.7 12.0 14.9 18.3 14.1 +3.4
40 Rural Sector 30.6 ... 39.7 41.5 41.1 41.1 41.1 +1.4
44 Welfare 23.6 ... 32.6 35.8 35.8 35.8 35.8 +3.1
5 Education 55.8 ... 74.7 74.8 73.9 75.2 75.2 +0.5
43 Health 52.8 ... 70.1 70.6 62.4 62.7 62.8 -7.3
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

101
Eritrea
Region East Africa
Head of State President Isaias
since 8 June 1993
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
50th 29.8
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Afewerki
CEN-SAD, COMESA,
IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) . .
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
51 Rule of Law 10.3 ... 9.0 8.0 7.4 6.9 4.4 -4.7
46 Accountability 38.9 ... 30.2 26.9 23.6 22.3 22.8 -7.4
38 Personal Safety 65.0 ... 45.0 45.0 40.0 37.5 37.5 -7.5
51 Participation 7.3 ... 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 0.0
51 Rights 9.0 ... 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.6 0.0
20 Gender 59.7 ... 60.0 61.3 61.3 61.1 56.9 -3.1
50 Infrastructure 18.0 ... 15.8 15.9 16.0 13.4 10.9 -4.9
36 Rural Sector 54.4 ... 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9 49.9 0.0
51 Welfare 45.1 ... 41.0 35.8 27.1 21.7 21.9 -19.1
36 Education 39.2 ... 43.1 44.3 43.8 43.7 43.7 +0.6
40 Health 40.8 ... 59.6 58.0 60.2 64.6 64.8 +5.2
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

102
Ethiopia
Region East Africa
Head of State President Mulatu
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
32nd 48.5
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Teshome
COMESA, IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
25 Rule of Law 26.2 ... 48.1 42.2 42.1 41.4 47.8 -0.3
25 Accountability 38.4 ... 40.6 39.0 39.2 40.0 38.8 -1.8
17 Personal Safety 48.3 ... 43.4 45.6 48.6 52.1 52.0 +8.6
39 Participation 35.0 ... 30.4 26.4 27.8 26.7 27.0 -3.4
47 Rights 34.2 ... 35.0 33.4 32.2 31.2 28.8 -6.3
23 Gender 36.0 ... 45.3 48.9 51.4 51.7 54.3 +9.0
16 Infrastructure 33.7 ... 38.6 41.2 41.8 43.1 41.6 +2.9
11 Rural Sector 58.2 ... 63.1 64.9 65.6 60.9 63.9 +0.8
11 Welfare 48.0 ... 52.2 51.4 51.6 58.9 63.2 +11.0
38 Education 30.7 ... 42.7 45.1 47.6 44.8 42.4 -0.3
37 Health 32.5 ... 58.1 59.8 62.7 64.9 65.0 +6.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

103
Gabon
Head of State President Ali Bongo
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
27th 51.0
ranking 2nd (out of 8) in
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Ondimba
ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
20 Rule of Law 44.0 ... 49.7 49.7 49.7 49.7 51.0 +1.3
34 Accountability 32.7 ... 30.7 33.1 33.0 36.1 33.3 +2.6
8 Personal Safety 44.6 ... 40.4 48.7 57.1 57.1 56.3 +15.9
31 Participation 31.7 ... 33.5 34.7 34.7 34.7 37.0 +3.6
31 Rights 46.4 ... 47.1 47.4 50.4 50.3 47.1 -0.0
39 Gender 37.4 ... 42.4 44.4 46.2 46.6 41.8 -0.6
17 Infrastructure 25.8 ... 35.7 37.5 36.4 37.3 41.2 +5.5
41 Rural Sector 27.8 ... 41.7 41.7 41.7 41.7 40.2 -1.5
24 Welfare 47.2 ... 50.3 55.9 52.8 52.8 52.8 +2.4
21 Education 49.6 ... 54.2 54.5 54.7 54.7 55.1 +0.9
13 Health 54.8 ... 74.5 74.7 77.1 80.5 80.6 +6.1
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

104
Gambia
Region West Africa
Head of State President Yahya
since 22 July 1994
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
23rd 51.6
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Jammeh
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
37 Rule of Law 42.7 ... 39.0 38.6 38.3 37.6 35.9 -3.0
35 Accountability 43.2 ... 31.9 32.0 37.3 36.7 32.1 +0.2
24 Personal Safety 61.7 ... 51.1 50.4 53.8 47.9 48.7 -2.5
41 Participation 25.9 ... 39.2 34.5 24.8 24.8 24.8 -14.5
49 Rights 28.0 ... 26.6 27.6 28.7 26.2 26.2 -0.4
19 Gender 62.0 ... 64.3 63.2 61.6 62.2 58.3 -6.1
13 Infrastructure 24.7 ... 42.6 45.6 45.9 45.6 45.7 +3.1
5 Rural Sector 53.1 ... 66.5 67.1 66.0 70.7 70.1 +3.6
17 Welfare 54.1 ... 57.8 59.5 59.9 59.0 58.4 +0.7
19 Education 45.0 ... 56.2 55.9 57.4 59.1 58.3 +2.0
14 Health 64.7 ... 73.6 75.7 77.2 79.4 79.4 +5.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

105
Ghana
Region West Africa
Head of State President John
since 24 July 2012
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
7th 68.2
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Dramani Mahama
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
4 Rule of Law 73.9 ... 81.9 81.8 82.0 81.8 85.0 +3.1
8 Accountability 60.1 ... 61.4 58.5 60.8 60.3 57.3 -4.1
13 Personal Safety 57.6 ... 47.3 50.9 52.3 54.6 54.5 +7.1
6 Participation 76.4 ... 81.3 82.0 82.0 78.7 80.1 -1.2
3 Rights 72.5 ... 77.6 78.0 78.2 78.8 78.1 +0.5
16 Gender 53.1 ... 56.0 56.9 55.8 55.3 62.7 +6.7
18 Infrastructure 40.1 ... 39.4 39.6 39.5 42.0 40.9 +1.5
16 Rural Sector 56.9 ... 65.8 59.7 61.4 61.7 61.0 -4.8
7 Welfare 55.4 ... 72.1 73.1 72.2 74.5 74.0 +1.9
9 Education 55.7 ... 63.2 66.8 69.3 69.9 71.6 +8.4
12 Health 56.9 ... 72.8 75.9 78.5 80.8 80.9 +8.1
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

106
Guinea
Region West Africa
Head of State President Alpha Condé
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
42nd 43.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
33 Rule of Law 37.4 ... 16.2 37.6 32.1 39.4 40.9 +24.7
37 Accountability 32.0 ... 30.7 28.1 26.6 27.5 30.1 -0.7
43 Personal Safety 44.0 ... 25.3 29.4 29.4 33.6 29.2 +3.9
30 Participation 20.7 ... 8.5 37.2 46.8 43.8 40.8 +32.3
33 Rights 36.5 ... 38.3 38.1 51.0 41.4 41.5 +3.2
31 Gender 42.5 ... 47.5 49.2 48.4 46.3 47.4 -0.1
46 Infrastructure 13.9 ... 13.5 13.7 16.4 14.3 15.7 +2.2
38 Rural Sector 53.0 ... 52.6 45.9 45.9 46.2 46.8 -5.8
36 Welfare 38.9 ... 37.2 38.5 37.3 43.2 44.8 +7.5
47 Education 29.0 ... 33.3 34.3 30.5 31.7 32.4 -0.9
36 Health 43.5 ... 61.5 62.2 63.5 65.2 65.3 +3.8
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

107
Guinea-Bissau
Region West Africa
Head of State President José Mário
since 23 June 2014
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
48th 33.2
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Vaz
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
50 Rule of Law 30.6 ... 33.1 33.1 33.1 6.7 6.7 -26.4
50 Accountability 22.6 ... 23.8 23.8 23.8 17.5 13.9 -9.9
47 Personal Safety 45.0 ... 27.5 27.5 30.0 30.0 25.0 -2.5
49 Participation 68.8 ... 44.6 41.0 41.0 15.1 12.7 -31.9
35 Rights 21.7 ... 40.0 43.4 43.4 31.7 39.2 -0.8
44 Gender 30.0 ... 36.2 43.6 41.0 41.8 38.5 +2.3
43 Infrastructure 9.5 ... 17.8 18.4 18.8 19.9 20.3 +2.5
48 Rural Sector 18.0 ... 36.0 34.6 33.6 33.6 27.7 -8.3
47 Welfare 37.5 ... 44.4 50.8 50.8 40.7 34.9 -9.4
43 Education 29.0 ... 37.5 39.5 39.9 40.3 40.3 +2.8
41 Health 44.7 ... 60.3 63.3 62.8 64.6 64.7 +4.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

108
Kenya
Region East Africa
Head of State President Uhuru
since 9 April 2013
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
17th 57.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Muigai Kenyatta
CEN-SAD, COMESA,
EAC, IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
16 Rule of Law 55.3 ... 50.2 50.5 51.8 53.5 55.4 +5.1
18 Accountability 42.8 ... 37.4 38.1 40.1 41.5 42.9 +5.5
39 Personal Safety 37.9 ... 33.5 32.0 40.6 33.1 34.3 +0.7
14 Participation 57.0 ... 50.9 49.5 49.5 51.7 65.7 +14.8
26 Rights 41.1 ... 49.3 54.1 56.2 54.8 51.1 +1.8
17 Gender 60.7 ... 55.7 57.3 55.2 55.5 61.2 +5.5
12 Infrastructure 32.7 ... 33.1 39.7 38.7 44.4 45.9 +12.8
10 Rural Sector 62.0 ... 59.7 63.5 62.8 63.2 65.2 +5.5
13 Welfare 49.5 ... 55.4 56.4 57.3 57.8 60.1 +4.8
18 Education 61.1 ... 59.8 60.2 60.9 59.0 58.6 -1.1
21 Health 51.2 ... 69.2 70.1 75.3 74.9 75.0 +5.8
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

109
Lesotho
Head of State King Letsie III
since 7 February 1996
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
10th 62.3
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
10 Rule of Law 63.7 ... 62.3 61.4 60.2 67.2 68.5 +6.2
6 Accountability 56.5 ... 66.3 60.5 59.2 59.2 65.0 -1.3
22 Personal Safety 53.3 ... 48.3 48.2 49.6 52.1 49.7 +1.4
3 Participation 53.6 ... 61.3 62.1 62.1 77.9 82.4 +21.0
17 Rights 52.2 ... 51.3 52.4 52.3 54.1 60.9 +9.5
13 Gender 62.5 ... 70.5 68.0 65.6 66.3 66.3 -4.1
21 Infrastructure 31.5 ... 36.6 38.0 38.9 39.4 38.4 +1.9
34 Rural Sector 41.0 ... 46.9 47.0 49.0 48.5 51.5 +4.6
29 Welfare 46.8 ... 49.4 49.4 51.1 50.6 50.6 +1.3
20 Education 48.2 ... 56.5 57.2 56.6 55.5 56.2 -0.3
27 Health 54.1 ... 67.6 68.3 71.6 70.9 71.0 +3.4
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

110
Liberia
Region West Africa
Head of State President Ellen
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
31st 49.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Johnson-Sirleaf
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
29 Rule of Law 21.3 ... 40.8 41.1 41.1 42.0 42.3 +1.6
27 Accountability 25.8 ... 46.8 46.8 47.1 46.9 37.1 -9.7
29 Personal Safety 29.4 ... 48.2 52.3 48.2 46.1 44.6 -3.6
16 Participation 20.9 ... 68.2 71.7 65.1 65.1 65.1 -3.1
29 Rights 38.3 ... 47.4 47.9 48.2 48.9 48.1 +0.8
25 Gender 32.7 ... 46.3 45.0 47.5 47.6 53.0 +6.8
38 Infrastructure 24.2 ... 28.6 29.1 32.0 32.4 25.0 -3.6
45 Rural Sector 17.8 ... 24.6 39.0 38.8 38.8 37.6 +13.0
34 Welfare 22.0 ... 36.9 40.2 44.4 46.0 45.9 +9.0
28 Education 45.2 ... 47.9 47.8 48.8 50.8 49.4 +1.5
35 Health 39.0 ... 57.1 58.0 63.4 65.5 65.6 +8.4
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

111
Libya
Region North Africa
Head of State President of the
since 25 June 2013
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
43rd 42.1
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
General National
Congress Nouri
Abusahmen
AMU, CEN-SAD,
COMESA
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
49 Rule of Law 16.9 ... 36.2 33.9 11.4 18.7 13.0 -23.1
47 Accountability 26.5 ... 25.7 21.2 19.9 23.9 18.0 -7.7
46 Personal Safety 60.4 ... 53.9 44.1 16.6 30.7 26.1 -27.7
22 Participation 2.8 ... 2.8 2.8 5.1 43.3 53.3 +50.5
38 Rights 30.8 ... 33.3 31.8 36.0 42.7 37.9 +4.6
50 Gender 30.3 ... 33.1 34.0 34.2 35.2 30.4 -2.7
20 Infrastructure 50.5 ... 52.5 54.1 50.6 50.8 38.6 -13.9
50 Rural Sector 47.3 ... 48.4 56.0 47.9 39.8 23.8 -24.6
43 Welfare 60.8 ... 66.1 62.6 45.7 42.0 38.3 -27.8
12 Education 66.8 ... 68.6 67.6 70.0 68.3 65.2 -3.3
1 Health 83.1 ... 98.8 98.8 98.8 98.7 98.7 -0.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

112
Madagascar
Head of State President Hery
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
33rd 48.2
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Rajaonarimampianina
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
46 Rule of Law 60.2 ... 18.4 15.6 13.8 19.4 26.4 +8.0
23 Accountability 44.7 ... 40.5 38.3 42.5 42.1 41.1 +0.6
35 Personal Safety 48.5 ... 35.7 34.5 22.9 28.6 38.8 +3.1
32 Participation 83.7 ... 38.4 28.1 20.6 20.6 36.4 -1.9
27 Rights 59.6 ... 49.6 49.4 53.5 49.9 49.2 -0.5
11 Gender 53.2 ... 56.6 60.7 64.2 65.0 67.4 +10.8
30 Infrastructure 25.9 ... 30.5 31.1 29.1 29.4 29.9 -0.6
31 Rural Sector 54.3 ... 62.2 55.6 53.3 51.7 53.6 -8.6
42 Welfare 61.9 ... 56.1 52.1 44.1 39.9 39.9 -16.2
34 Education 37.7 ... 45.4 48.5 47.6 46.3 45.4 +0.0
46 Health 46.7 ... 58.4 59.2 60.1 60.4 60.5 +2.2
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

113
Malawi
Head of State President Peter
since 31 May 2014
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
16th 57.6
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Mutharika
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
7 Rule of Law 72.3 ... 65.0 64.5 63.7 67.9 71.2 +6.2
13 Accountability 45.8 ... 47.4 46.9 47.0 46.5 45.3 -2.1
18 Personal Safety 56.2 ... 56.5 54.6 49.0 46.2 52.0 -4.5
17 Participation 56.9 ... 58.5 61.7 64.2 64.2 64.2 +5.8
16 Rights 53.4 ... 54.1 54.3 48.0 56.1 61.6 +7.5
15 Gender 51.2 ... 57.5 60.5 60.7 61.0 62.9 +5.4
26 Infrastructure 25.8 ... 30.6 34.9 35.5 35.8 34.7 +4.1
32 Rural Sector 51.1 ... 56.3 55.7 54.4 52.9 53.4 -2.9
23 Welfare 45.1 ... 51.7 52.3 52.1 51.3 53.2 +1.5
40 Education 39.3 ... 38.1 42.9 41.4 41.9 41.5 +3.4
19 Health 47.9 ... 68.6 68.9 72.6 75.7 75.7 +7.1
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

114
Mali
Region West Africa
Head of State President Ibrahim
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
28th 49.5
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Boubacar Keita
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) -0.6 2013
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
35 Rule of Law 62.7 ... 61.5 58.7 57.6 41.4 39.0 -22.5
17 Accountability 48.8 ... 47.4 47.4 48.0 44.3 43.7 -3.7
20 Personal Safety 61.2 ... 56.6 54.6 60.1 48.4 50.0 -6.5
27 Participation 57.4 ... 69.5 71.6 73.1 33.9 44.2 -25.3
22 Rights 68.9 ... 75.1 75.2 75.2 61.9 54.4 -20.7
43 Gender 32.5 ... 36.7 40.1 43.5 41.1 39.0 +2.3
25 Infrastructure 16.3 ... 26.8 27.6 31.3 35.1 36.1 +9.3
17 Rural Sector 54.4 ... 64.9 60.9 60.8 60.8 60.7 -4.2
35 Welfare 50.2 ... 51.3 52.4 54.1 48.8 45.1 -6.3
42 Education 23.5 ... 36.8 38.7 40.7 40.7 40.5 +3.7
31 Health 43.6 ... 65.6 67.5 68.5 69.3 69.4 +3.8
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

115
Mauritania
Region North Africa
Head of State President Mohamed
since 5 August 2009
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
39th 44.5
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Ould Abdel Aziz
AMU
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
36 Rule of Law 63.5 ... 26.2 39.5 40.6 41.0 38.1 +11.9
40 Accountability 47.4 ... 45.1 36.1 37.4 37.8 27.4 -17.6
41 Personal Safety 44.6 ... 19.2 38.6 32.0 35.1 31.3 +12.0
36 Participation 40.1 ... 24.3 26.6 33.9 31.7 29.5 +5.2
30 Rights 43.8 ... 45.4 42.8 46.0 49.1 47.4 +1.9
37 Gender 50.5 ... 59.4 61.5 60.0 59.3 43.5 -15.9
37 Infrastructure 19.0 ... 29.3 27.5 22.2 26.5 26.1 -3.1
23 Rural Sector 46.6 ... 50.6 58.0 58.2 59.0 57.2 +6.6
21 Welfare 53.8 ... 50.1 49.0 51.1 50.7 53.5 +3.4
45 Education 32.1 ... 35.4 35.8 35.6 37.2 38.2 +2.8
33 Health 51.6 ... 61.5 62.4 64.1 65.9 66.0 +4.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

116
Mauritius
Head of State President Kailash
since 21 July 2012
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
1st 81.7
(59.3), ranking 1st (out of 12)
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Purryag
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
2 Rule of Law 94.6 ... 95.1 94.6 94.9 95.3 94.4 -0.7
2 Accountability 71.8 ... 77.4 76.2 74.9 74.7 74.6 -2.8
2 Personal Safety 79.3 ... 76.5 76.3 76.4 77.3 69.2 -7.3
2 Participation 85.9 ... 86.2 81.7 83.9 83.9 83.9 -2.2
2 Rights 78.1 ... 77.5 77.5 77.6 80.1 81.7 +4.3
14 Gender 49.9 ... 56.9 58.8 60.1 60.1 65.3 +8.4
2 Infrastructure 74.5 ... 77.7 78.3 79.0 80.3 77.9 +0.2
2 Rural Sector 54.2 ... 80.7 81.1 80.4 80.4 80.0 -0.7
1 Welfare 78.2 ... 81.8 80.8 83.1 82.1 81.1 -0.7
1 Education 70.1 ... 83.1 84.6 85.0 85.1 85.9 +2.8
6 Health 82.2 ... 87.1 87.1 89.5 89.8 89.8 +2.7
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

117
Morocco
Region North Africa
Head of State King Mohammed VI
since 30 July 1999
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
14th 58.8
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
AMU, CEN-SAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
14 Rule of Law 60.8 ... 60.3 59.6 59.3 59.9 58.7 -1.6
19 Accountability 43.3 ... 41.7 41.9 40.4 41.2 42.9 +1.2
15 Personal Safety 64.9 ... 52.4 55.7 55.2 55.8 53.0 +0.6
43 Participation 22.7 ... 18.3 17.6 19.0 21.6 22.7 +4.4
24 Rights 44.2 ... 45.1 44.6 46.7 51.5 53.5 +8.4
47 Gender 43.1 ... 46.0 43.0 43.2 42.7 36.3 -9.7
6 Infrastructure 45.9 ... 54.2 54.0 55.4 59.7 66.9 +12.7
3 Rural Sector 52.6 ... 64.2 64.0 63.9 63.8 76.7 +12.5
19 Welfare 54.2 ... 56.8 57.8 58.9 57.8 56.8 0.0
11 Education 50.3 ... 56.3 60.7 65.2 66.1 66.0 +9.7
8 Health 72.4 ... 84.3 84.9 85.7 87.5 87.6 +3.3
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

118
Mozambique
Head of State President Armando
since 2 February 2005
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
22nd 52.2
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Guebuza
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
24 Rule of Law 54.8 ... 54.8 54.4 53.8 52.9 48.3 -6.4
28 Accountability 40.1 ... 40.0 39.1 38.0 36.7 36.7 -3.3
28 Personal Safety 59.2 ... 51.0 42.7 56.8 51.9 44.6 -6.4
20 Participation 68.3 ... 61.5 60.4 59.2 59.2 60.7 -0.8
23 Rights 63.5 ... 58.5 56.2 49.2 52.4 53.6 -5.0
9 Gender 51.5 ... 60.7 63.7 67.9 71.1 67.9 +7.2
32 Infrastructure 20.1 ... 33.1 33.0 29.6 29.0 28.6 -4.5
21 Rural Sector 56.2 ... 56.4 58.5 56.6 58.4 57.9 +1.5
26 Welfare 50.9 ... 52.4 53.3 50.7 53.0 51.6 -0.8
46 Education 26.6 ... 38.3 40.4 39.1 36.1 34.2 -4.1
34 Health 38.6 ... 57.1 60.4 61.7 65.4 65.6 +8.4
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

119
Namibia
Head of State President Hifikepunye
since 21 March 2005
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
6th 70.3
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Pohamba
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
5 Rule of Law 94.0 ... 84.9 85.0 84.4 83.5 83.7 -1.1
5 Accountability 61.6 ... 66.5 65.8 63.7 62.3 66.7 +0.2
12 Personal Safety 48.4 ... 61.9 60.8 61.0 55.0 54.5 -7.4
5 Participation 79.3 ... 73.5 74.6 75.7 77.9 80.1 +6.7
5 Rights 65.2 ... 66.9 67.8 68.9 68.4 73.3 +6.4
5 Gender 70.0 ... 71.9 74.5 76.0 75.8 71.6 -0.3
4 Infrastructure 61.9 ... 73.3 75.7 74.2 72.8 75.8 +2.5
18 Rural Sector 45.8 ... 60.1 60.5 59.4 59.1 58.8 -1.3
8 Welfare 67.8 ... 65.8 65.8 65.8 66.8 67.8 +2.0
16 Education 59.9 ... 58.9 58.7 57.0 57.3 59.6 +0.7
15 Health 54.0 ... 69.3 76.0 77.5 79.2 79.3 +9.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

120
Niger
Region West Africa
Head of State President Mahamadou
since 7 April 2011
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
29th 49.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Issoufou
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
27 Rule of Law 56.0 ... 49.3 36.0 62.7 49.4 46.8 -2.5
16 Accountability 37.8 ... 39.0 38.8 41.6 37.4 44.3 +5.3
10 Personal Safety 55.0 ... 40.0 45.0 47.5 50.0 55.0 +15.0
13 Participation 62.0 ... 44.3 47.1 70.5 69.3 68.2 +24.0
9 Rights 52.2 ... 45.0 54.1 60.8 64.2 68.1 +23.1
51 Gender 29.6 ... 34.5 38.0 41.0 39.0 28.6 -5.9
49 Infrastructure 12.9 ... 14.6 15.0 15.5 15.7 11.0 -3.6
26 Rural Sector 45.4 ... 59.4 59.4 59.4 56.3 56.3 -3.1
32 Welfare 43.6 ... 44.1 44.1 46.9 49.0 47.7 +3.6
49 Education 14.6 ... 28.7 30.3 30.4 29.4 28.0 -0.6
44 Health 33.4 ... 56.2 57.3 60.2 61.6 61.7 +5.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

121
Nigeria
Region West Africa
Head of State President Goodluck
since 5 May 2010
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
37th 45.8
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Jonathan
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
32 Rule of Law 43.7 ... 53.5 38.3 38.4 38.5 41.0 -12.4
30 Accountability 30.4 ... 36.7 37.3 35.4 37.7 36.6 -0.1
49 Personal Safety 19.3 ... 24.6 22.4 25.2 17.9 16.5 -8.1
23 Participation 53.9 ... 33.0 36.3 38.8 45.5 52.2 +19.2
28 Rights 48.5 ... 53.7 55.8 55.7 55.0 49.0 -4.8
35 Gender 39.2 ... 41.0 41.6 42.8 44.9 45.7 +4.7
44 Infrastructure 15.8 ... 17.6 16.1 17.6 18.9 19.6 +2.0
27 Rural Sector 46.1 ... 51.3 50.3 50.1 49.1 55.6 +4.3
25 Welfare 42.6 ... 45.9 45.9 47.6 50.7 52.6 +6.8
32 Education 50.4 ... 51.7 50.8 49.4 47.7 45.8 -5.9
47 Health 45.6 ... 62.2 60.3 61.1 60.3 60.4 -1.8
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

122
Rwanda
Region East Africa
Head of State President Paul
since 22 April 2000
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
11th 60.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Kagame
COMESA, EAC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
22 Rule of Law 44.3 ... 55.2 49.1 49.5 50.0 50.0 -5.2
7 Accountability 60.8 ... 64.0 66.3 64.4 63.5 62.8 -1.3
9 Personal Safety 57.8 ... 51.6 51.6 49.8 60.4 55.8 +4.2
45 Participation 12.4 ... 19.3 19.0 17.9 19.3 19.3 +0.0
40 Rights 34.7 ... 35.2 38.4 39.7 37.7 36.3 +1.1
2 Gender 63.9 ... 75.9 81.5 85.5 86.1 87.6 +11.7
19 Infrastructure 36.5 ... 34.0 36.7 38.7 40.4 39.6 +5.6
4 Rural Sector 57.6 ... 71.2 72.5 75.0 76.9 76.4 +5.2
5 Welfare 53.2 ... 67.8 68.4 69.7 75.0 77.4 +9.6
25 Education 41.7 ... 46.0 47.0 53.2 52.1 53.3 +7.3
11 Health 43.8 ... 79.4 81.4 84.2 85.3 85.5 +6.1
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

123
São Tomé & Príncipe
Head of State President Manuel
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
12th 59.7
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Pinto da Costa
ECCAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
21 Rule of Law 58.6 ... 58.6 54.2 52.5 50.9 50.6 -7.9
21 Accountability 36.0 ... 35.9 36.0 37.5 37.5 42.3 +6.4
1 Personal Safety 81.3 ... 68.8 68.8 68.8 75.0 75.0 +6.3
9 Participation 66.0 ... 67.0 67.0 74.0 74.0 73.8 +6.8
6 Rights 69.6 ... 71.0 70.7 70.7 71.0 71.0 0.0
21 Gender 41.5 ... 41.5 43.9 44.3 43.5 54.5 +13.0
29 Infrastructure 28.3 ... 28.8 29.6 30.2 30.2 30.2 +1.4
35 Rural Sector 60.4 ... 43.4 40.8 42.7 47.7 50.4 +6.9
16 Welfare 49.5 ... 49.5 55.8 60.3 59.3 59.0 +9.5
15 Education 49.9 ... 54.2 59.1 64.8 64.8 62.9 +8.7
18 Health 51.3 ... 73.4 74.4 75.4 76.9 77.0 +3.6
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

124
Senegal
Region West Africa
Head of State President Macky Sall
since 2 April 2012
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
9th 64.3
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
8 Rule of Law 61.8 ... 61.9 55.5 54.7 61.8 70.1 +8.2
11 Accountability 48.0 ... 39.5 40.2 42.9 45.0 47.9 +8.4
6 Personal Safety 54.9 ... 53.8 53.3 56.7 53.8 60.8 +6.9
8 Participation 75.8 ... 61.5 62.2 63.6 73.9 75.0 +13.5
4 Rights 72.0 ... 64.2 65.9 67.3 69.6 74.7 +10.5
7 Gender 54.5 ... 65.1 65.2 65.1 70.7 71.4 +6.3
27 Infrastructure 26.5 ... 34.8 32.9 30.4 31.7 34.3 -0.6
9 Rural Sector 62.6 ... 67.0 64.1 63.8 65.5 65.3 -1.7
14 Welfare 54.6 ... 54.7 56.3 59.7 60.1 60.1 +5.4
27 Education 32.1 ... 47.8 51.3 52.4 51.5 51.2 +3.4
16 Health 52.0 ... 77.3 77.0 77.5 78.9 79.0 +1.7
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

125
Seychelles
Region East Africa
Head of State President James
since 14 April 2004
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
5th 73.2
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Michel
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
11 Rule of Law 61.2 ... 71.2 71.2 64.5 64.5 64.5 -6.7
10 Accountability 47.1 ... 54.2 54.4 53.1 53.4 54.4 +0.2
4 Personal Safety 74.0 ... 65.7 69.8 65.7 63.6 64.5 -1.2
11 Participation 67.4 ... 78.1 80.5 70.7 70.7 70.8 -7.3
15 Rights 63.0 ... 59.3 60.6 61.6 62.7 62.8 +3.6
1 Gender 71.8 ... 69.5 69.6 76.1 76.6 88.7 +19.2
1 Infrastructure 74.6 ... 79.3 80.1 80.9 81.6 81.6 +2.2
7 Rural Sector 57.2 ... 54.1 58.7 63.4 68.0 68.7 +14.6
3 Welfare 70.1 ... 72.9 75.7 78.8 78.8 78.8 +5.9
4 Education 74.7 ... 74.9 75.1 74.9 74.3 75.9 +1.0
2 Health 81.8 ... 98.3 98.6 98.7 98.6 98.6 +0.3
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Score
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 100
80
60
40
20
Year

126
Sierra Leone
Region West Africa
Head of State President Ernest Bai
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
25th 51.1
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Koroma
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
17 Rule of Law 20.3 ... 39.0 49.0 49.4 49.4 55.3 +16.4
22 Accountability 29.5 ... 39.4 41.6 41.6 42.4 41.1 +1.7
11 Personal Safety 37.9 ... 44.2 50.4 52.5 44.2 54.7 +10.5
19 Participation 52.5 ... 65.6 63.5 63.5 64.3 61.0 -4.6
12 Rights 49.7 ... 59.8 65.5 65.3 64.8 64.2 +4.4
32 Gender 35.7 ... 44.0 45.4 45.9 45.8 46.9 +3.0
39 Infrastructure 20.6 ... 22.1 22.7 22.8 22.9 23.4 +1.3
29 Rural Sector 32.6 ... 55.8 55.8 54.6 54.6 54.3 -1.5
39 Welfare 36.2 ... 40.9 41.1 42.9 42.3 42.4 +1.5
30 Education 38.0 ... 42.9 43.5 44.1 44.7 47.0 +4.1
50 Health 26.6 ... 43.0 43.9 49.1 51.7 51.9 +8.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

127
Somalia
Region East Africa
Head of State President Hassan
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
52nd 8.6
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Sheikh Mohamud
CEN-SAD, IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
GDP per capita (US$) . .
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %) . .
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
52 Rule of Law 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0
52 Accountability 4.9 ... 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.0 0.0
52 Personal Safety 25.0 ... 3.1 3.1 0.0 3.1 3.1 0.0
52 Participation 6.2 ... 4.3 5.7 5.6 5.6 2.8 -1.5
52 Rights 11.2 ... 8.8 8.8 8.8 9.2 7.3 -1.6
52 Gender 12.3 ... 11.7 11.1 10.6 13.1 22.1 +10.5
52 Infrastructure 5.3 ... 11.8 11.8 12.4 12.6 7.2 -4.6
. Rural Sector . ... . . . . . .
52 Welfare 4.2 ... 3.4 3.4 0.0 0.9 2.1 -1.3
52 Education 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
52 Health 31.3 ... 37.3 38.6 39.2 40.1 40.3 +3.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year
Very low scores are not visible/cannot be displayed on sub-category
scores chart.

128
South Africa
Head of State President Jacob Zuma
since 9 May 2009
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
4th 73.3
(59.3), ranking 3rd (out of 12)
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
3 Rule of Law 88.3 ... 85.2 84.9 85.9 86.9 93.0 +7.8
4 Accountability 72.8 ... 71.3 68.1 66.9 66.9 67.4 -3.9
42 Personal Safety 38.9 ... 30.6 29.0 36.1 30.6 30.4 -0.2
4 Participation 91.0 ... 81.9 80.7 79.6 79.6 81.1 -0.8
10 Rights 69.4 ... 71.4 71.3 71.2 70.6 67.8 -3.6
3 Gender 65.9 ... 76.2 76.9 77.3 77.4 74.3 -2.0
3 Infrastructure 62.4 ... 64.3 65.2 66.0 67.5 77.1 +12.9
19 Rural Sector 48.9 ... 64.4 64.5 59.1 58.9 58.4 -6.0
4 Welfare 79.1 ... 75.2 75.2 76.8 77.4 77.9 +2.7
7 Education 73.7 ... 74.6 74.1 73.4 73.1 72.7 -1.9
10 Health 71.0 ... 78.8 83.6 85.3 85.7 85.7 +6.9
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

129
Swaziland
Head of State King Mswati III
since 25 April 1986
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
24th 51.5
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
HEALTH
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
13 Rule of Law 61.7 ... 59.3 58.8 59.6 54.9 58.9 -0.3
12 Accountability 39.8 ... 44.0 44.0 39.9 39.5 47.2 +3.2
26 Personal Safety 51.8 ... 39.3 39.3 48.0 42.5 47.2 +7.9
50 Participation 15.1 ... 9.5 9.5 11.9 11.9 11.9 +2.4
45 Rights 36.4 ... 40.8 40.8 35.8 39.9 29.7 -11.0
28 Gender 45.6 ... 49.4 49.9 50.1 50.1 51.5 +2.1
11 Infrastructure 42.3 ... 43.5 44.0 44.1 44.3 48.3 +4.8
28 Rural Sector 26.0 ... 47.2 47.2 46.1 49.0 55.5 +8.3
33 Welfare 49.7 ... 50.0 50.0 47.2 47.2 47.2 -2.8
13 Education 54.6 ... 60.2 60.7 61.1 60.8 63.2 +3.0
17 Health 63.2 ... 73.3 75.9 76.7 77.2 77.3 +4.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

130
Tanzania
Region East Africa
Head of State President Jakaya
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
15th 58.2
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Kikwete
EAC, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
18 Rule of Law 56.6 ... 54.6 54.2 54.2 54.2 54.0 -0.6
24 Accountability 43.4 ... 46.4 45.8 43.4 42.1 39.9 -6.5
27 Personal Safety 49.4 ... 54.9 47.3 51.3 50.5 45.9 -9.0
15 Participation 61.0 ... 61.4 63.4 65.6 67.1 65.6 +4.3
14 Rights 60.8 ... 68.6 68.8 68.7 68.5 63.2 -5.4
10 Gender 74.8 ... 72.8 72.4 72.3 70.5 67.6 -5.2
28 Infrastructure 27.3 ... 29.4 33.0 33.3 32.5 32.1 +2.7
13 Rural Sector 66.7 ... 70.6 70.4 67.6 56.8 63.3 -7.3
15 Welfare 54.0 ... 58.1 57.9 54.1 57.5 59.9 +1.9
37 Education 33.1 ... 46.2 44.9 45.6 45.6 43.3 -2.9
20 Health 50.2 ... 66.1 70.2 72.2 75.5 75.6 +9.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

131
Togo
Region West Africa
Head of State President Faure
since 4 May 2005
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
36th 46.4
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Gnassingbé
CEN-SAD, ECOWAS
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
23 Rule of Law 47.0 ... 49.5 52.8 49.6 49.2 49.0 -0.5
29 Accountability 26.7 ... 32.0 39.1 36.3 38.0 36.6 +4.6
25 Personal Safety 52.5 ... 52.5 52.5 50.0 47.5 47.5 -5.0
33 Participation 21.1 ... 30.9 34.7 34.7 33.5 35.8 +4.9
25 Rights 33.1 ... 55.6 56.7 56.8 55.1 52.6 -2.9
38 Gender 33.1 ... 38.8 40.2 42.0 42.3 43.1 +4.3
45 Infrastructure 5.6 ... 13.7 13.1 13.4 14.0 16.6 +2.8
46 Rural Sector 26.5 ... 34.5 36.6 31.8 38.5 36.9 +2.4
41 Welfare 27.4 ... 31.3 33.9 35.8 39.7 40.1 +8.8
24 Education 42.8 ... 47.9 51.8 53.0 53.6 53.6 +5.7
28 Health 48.8 ... 61.4 65.7 69.5 70.1 70.1 +8.7
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

132
Tunisia
Region North Africa
Head of State President Moncef
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
8th 66.0
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Marzouki
AMU, CEN-SAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
15 Rule of Law 57.3 ... 49.6 50.6 48.1 54.3 55.6 +6.0
9 Accountability 58.4 ... 56.9 50.7 55.9 56.9 57.1 +0.2
30 Personal Safety 64.7 ... 60.8 56.5 36.9 43.9 43.6 -17.2
18 Participation 20.1 ... 18.1 17.4 52.9 65.1 61.5 +43.5
19 Rights 34.4 ... 32.3 34.3 40.8 44.2 59.3 +26.9
18 Gender 51.0 ... 56.7 56.7 56.3 56.3 61.0 +4.3
5 Infrastructure 63.1 ... 73.4 75.2 70.8 68.3 68.6 -4.9
8 Rural Sector 66.6 ... 71.2 70.5 75.9 69.0 67.8 -3.4
9 Welfare 77.9 ... 77.2 78.2 70.7 69.1 67.5 -9.6
2 Education 76.8 ... 86.7 88.7 86.0 84.6 83.2 -3.5
4 Health 81.4 ... 95.7 93.9 94.1 92.3 92.3 -3.5
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

133
Uganda
Region East Africa
Head of State President Yoweri
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
19th 56.1
the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Museveni
COMESA, EAC, IGAD
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
19 Rule of Law 67.8 ... 59.1 59.8 54.0 53.4 53.6 -5.5
31 Accountability 40.4 ... 40.0 38.1 36.8 35.5 36.0 -4.0
23 Personal Safety 45.3 ... 43.3 48.2 48.0 49.6 49.1 +5.8
26 Participation 36.4 ... 51.4 51.7 51.4 50.0 46.7 -4.7
20 Rights 50.6 ... 59.9 59.5 57.8 59.5 56.9 -3.0
6 Gender 65.9 ... 69.4 71.4 74.2 74.2 71.6 +2.2
31 Infrastructure 20.6 ... 25.9 30.1 31.7 29.9 29.1 +3.2
15 Rural Sector 70.6 ... 61.6 63.4 64.4 65.3 62.7 +1.1
12 Welfare 63.0 ... 67.0 66.9 64.3 63.3 61.9 -5.1
26 Education 39.5 ... 47.9 50.9 52.4 52.0 51.3 +3.4
22 Health 49.9 ... 68.0 68.8 70.5 74.9 75.0 +7.0
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

134
Zambia
Head of State President Michael Sata
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
13th 59.4
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
2009
2013
YEAR
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
9 Rule of Law 66.7 ... 60.5 60.3 59.9 67.0 69.3 +8.9
14 Accountability 38.0 ... 43.8 41.6 41.7 43.3 44.9 +1.1
19 Personal Safety 52.1 ... 46.8 42.5 50.3 49.6 51.1 +4.2
12 Participation 37.2 ... 58.4 60.2 69.5 69.5 69.5 +11.0
18 Rights 63.9 ... 62.1 63.8 53.3 62.1 60.6 -1.5
29 Gender 47.4 ... 46.6 48.5 49.3 49.9 51.0 +4.4
22 Infrastructure 34.0 ... 27.5 29.7 34.3 37.8 38.2 +10.7
24 Rural Sector 55.1 ... 53.3 52.9 55.3 56.7 57.0 +3.7
28 Welfare 53.8 ... 54.5 52.6 51.6 51.1 51.0 -3.5
17 Education 42.9 ... 57.5 57.2 54.5 57.7 59.4 +1.9
25 Health 47.4 ... 69.1 71.0 72.5 73.6 73.7 +4.6
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Score
Year
COUNTRY PROFILES

135
Zimbabwe
Head of State President Robert
REC
membership(s)
Rank/52 Score/100
46th 38.0
in the region.
•
•
Category Scores
Mugabe
COMESA, SADC
2000 ... 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
100
75
50
25
RULE OF LAW
100
75
50
25
EDUCATION
WELFARE
RURAL SECTOR
2009
2013
YEAR
Gini Index . .
Country Results
RANK
2013
CHANGE
'09-'13
CATEGORY &
SUB-CATEGORY
SCORE/100
42 Rule of Law 28.2 ... 27.2 27.8 29.0 30.1 29.0 +1.7
44 Accountability 24.1 ... 19.5 20.4 22.1 21.6 23.6 +4.1
48 Personal Safety 26.9 ... 21.2 20.2 22.3 20.9 20.1 -1.1
37 Participation 24.7 ... 23.4 22.7 24.1 22.7 27.7 +4.3
44 Rights 28.8 ... 20.8 21.4 21.9 24.4 30.2 +9.4
26 Gender 47.5 ... 50.7 53.2 57.3 58.1 53.0 +2.3
23 Infrastructure 33.8 ... 34.6 35.3 35.1 35.2 38.0 +3.5
51 Rural Sector 20.2 ... 8.6 9.3 11.6 12.5 11.9 +3.3
48 Welfare 26.1 ... 16.3 19.4 28.6 30.3 32.3 +16.0
22 Education 54.7 ... 49.9 52.5 61.0 55.8 54.5 +4.6
23 Health 56.0 ... 63.8 67.4 70.6 74.6 74.9 +11.2
0
PARTICIPATION
& HUMAN RIGHTS
OPPORTUNITY
HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT 0
ACCOUNTABILITY
PERSONAL SAFETY
NATIONAL SECURITY
PARTICIPATION
RIGHTS
GENDER
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE
HEALTH
Country score
Country confidence
interval at 90%
African average
100
80
60
Score
40
20
0
2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Year

137
2014 IIAG:
METADATA
138
150

138
Africa Integrity Indicators
Global Integrity
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation commissioned Global Integrity
(GI) to construct the Africa Integrity Indicators (AII), a range
of expert assessments that evaluate key social, economic,
political and anti-corruption mechanisms at the national
level. GI champions transparent and accountable government
around the world by producing innovative research and
technologies that inform, connect and empower civic, private
and public reformers seeking more open societies.
African Economic Outlook
African Development Bank/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development/United Nations
Development Programme/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The African Economic Outlook (AEO) combines the
expertise of the African Development Bank (AfDB), the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
(OECD) Development Centre, the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa (UNECA), the United Nations
Development Programme (UNDP) and a network of African
think tanks and research centres. It provides data and analysis
on economic, social and political developments of African
countries. The AfDB mobilises and allocates resources for
investments in its regional member countries and provides
policy advice and technical assistance to support development
efforts. The OECD promotes policies to improve the economic
and social well-being of people around the world. The UNDP
partners with people at all levels of society to help build
nations that can withstand crisis, and drive and sustain the
kind of growth that improves the quality of life for everyone.
The UNECA promotes the economic and social development
of its member states, fosters intra-regional integration and
promotes international cooperation for Africa's development.
Abbreviation AII GI
Type of Organisation Non-governmental organisation
Number of Variables 10
Data Type Expert Assessment
Frequency of Publication Annual
Public Access Freely available
Link to Data Source www.globalintegrity.org/initiative/
africa-integrity/
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.globalintegrity.org/
Abbreviation AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA
Type of Organisation Joint project between public sector
organisations (non-UN) & UN agencies
Link to Data Source www.africaneconomicoutlook.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.afdb.org
www.oecd.org
www.undp.org
www.uneca.org

139
African Electoral Index: 2000-2013
Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation commissioned the Institut
de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique (IREEP) to
construct an independent analysis and scoring of executive
elections by using expert assessment from a variety of sources.
IREEP is a not-for-profit institution that specialises in training
and empirical research in the evaluation of public policy
in Africa.
Abbreviation AEI IREEP
Public Access Freely available on MIF website
(purchased for IIAG)
Link to Data Source www.moibrahimfoundation.org/
downloads/publications/2014/2014-
iiag-data-portal.xls
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.ireep.org
African Statistical Yearbook
African Union/African Development Bank/United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
The African Statistical Yearbook (ASY) is a jointly produced
document by the African Union (AU), the African Development
Bank (AfDB) and the United Nations Economic Commission
for Africa (UNECA), with the aims of minimising the risk
of inconsistent information being produced by the three
organisations and reducing the reporting burden on member
states. The AU works for democracy, human rights and
development, while it also promotes investment in the
continent. The AfDB mobilises and allocates resources for
investments in its regional member countries and provides
policy advice and technical assistance to support development
efforts. The UNECA promotes the economic and social
development of its member states, fosters intra-regional
integration and promotes international cooperation for
Africa's development.
AIDSinfo Database
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
The AIDSinfo database (AD) is a data visualisation and
dissemination tool to facilitate the use of AIDS-related data
globally. It is populated with multisectoral HIV data. The Joint
United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) is a United
Nations (UN) agency that brings together the resources of
the UNAIDS Secretariat and ten UN system organisations
for coordinated and accountable efforts to unite the world
against AIDS, and in support of achieving universal access to
HIV prevention, treatment, care and support.
Abbreviation ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA
Type of Organisation Joint project between public sector
organisations (non-UN) & UN agencies
Data Type Official Data
Link to Data Source www.afdb.org/en/documents/
publications/african-statistical-yearbook
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.au.int/en/
www.afdb.org
www.uneca.org/
Abbreviation AD UNAIDS
Type of Organisation UN agency
Frequency of Publication Updated when data are available
Link to Data Source www.aidsinfoonline.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.unaids.org

DATA SOURCES & INSTITUTIONS
140
Bertelsmann Transformation Index
Bertelsmann Stiftung
The Bertelsmann Transformation Index (BTI) analyses
and evaluates whether and how developing countries and
countries in transition are steering social change towards
democracy and a market economy. Seventeen criteria are
analysed over 128 countries, through the publication of two
rankings: the Status Index and the Management Index. The
Bertelsmann Stiftung (BS) is a private foundation. It aims to
identify social problems and challenges at an early stage and
develop exemplary solutions to address them.
Abbreviation BTI BS
Frequency of Publication Every two years
Link to Data Source www.bti-project.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de
Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity
World Bank
The Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity (BBSC) was
developed by the Development Data Group at the World Bank
(WB) to improve measuring and monitoring of the statistical
capacity of International Development Association (IDA)
countries. The database contains information encompassing
various aspects of national statistical systems. The WB
provides financial and technical assistance to developing
countries around the world.
Child Mortality Estimates Info
Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation
Child Mortality Estimates Info (CME) is a database containing
the latest child mortality estimates based on the research
of the United Nations (UN) Inter-agency Group for Child
Mortality Estimation (IGME). Experts at the United Nations
Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the World Bank (WB), the World
Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Population
Division (UNPD) and members of the academic community
established the IGME in order to agree on the best way to
calculate infant and child mortality levels and trends.
Abbreviation BBSC WB
Type of Organisation Public sector organisation (non-UN)
Link to Data Source http://go.worldbank.org/3J9X57XKY0
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.worldbank.org
Abbreviation CME IGME
Frequency of Publication Updated regularly
Link to Data Source www.childmortality.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.childmortality.org

141
Country Performance Assessment
African Development Bank
Country Performance Assessment (CPA) data consist of
Country Policy and Institutional Assessment Ratings (CPIA)
and Governance Ratings (GR). CPA is a system designed
to assess the quality of a country’s present policy and
institutional framework. The African Development Bank
(AfDB) mobilises and allocates resources for investments in
its regional member countries and provides policy advice and
technical assistance to support development efforts.
Abbreviation CPA AfDB
Link to Data Source www.afdb.org/en/documents/project-operations/
country-performance-assessment-
cpa
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.afdb.org
Democracy Index
Economist Intelligence Unit
©2014 The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Democracy Index (DI) provides a snapshot of the current
state of democracy in 167 countries. It is based on five
categories: electoral process and pluralism; civil liberties;
the functioning of government; political participation; and
political culture. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU)
provides analysis and forecasts on more than 200 countries
and six key industries.
Abbreviation DI EIU
Type of Organisation Commercial business information
provider
Frequency of Publication Every two years
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.eiu.com
CountryData
CountryData (CD) is a database covering over 300 economic
indicators. The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) provides
analysis and forecasts on more than 200 countries and six
key industries.
Abbreviation CD EIU
provider

142
Economist Intelligence Unit Dataset
©2014 The Economist Intelligence Unit Ltd. All rights reserved.
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation commissioned the Economist
Intelligence Unit (EIU) to construct a range of independent
expert assessments across the Ibrahim Index of African
Governance (IIAG) categories. The EIU provides analysis and
forecasts on more than 200 countries and six key industries.
Abbreviation EIUD EIU
provider
Freedom of the Press Index
Freedom House
The Freedom of the Press Index (FOTP) is a survey of media
independence in 197 countries and territories. It contains
data on media freedom, assessing the degree of print,
broadcast and internet freedom, and analysing the events of
each calendar year. Freedom House (FH) is an independent
watchdog organisation that supports democratic change,
monitors the status of freedom around the world and
advocates for democracy and human rights.
Abbreviation FOTP FH
Link to Data Source www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/
freedom-press
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.freedomhouse.org
Freedom in the World Survey
Freedom House
The Freedom in the World Survey (FITW) provides an
evaluation of the progress and decline of freedom in 195
countries and 14 related and disputed territories. It measures
freedom according to two broad categories: political rights
and civil liberties. Freedom House (FH) is an independent
watchdog organisation that supports democratic change,
monitors the status of freedom around the world and
advocates for democracy and human rights.
Abbreviation FITW FH
Link to Data Source www.freedomhouse.org/report-types/
freedom-world
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.freedomhouse.org

143
Global Competitiveness Report
World Economic Forum
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) assesses the
competitiveness landscape of 148 economies, providing
insight into the drivers of their productivity and prosperity. A
component of the GCR is the Executive Opinion Survey, which
captures the perceptions of executives in each country on the
economic and business environment. The World Economic
Forum (WEF) is an independent international organisation
committed to improving the state of the world by engaging
business, political, academic and other leaders of society to
shape global, regional and industry agendas.
Abbreviation GCR WEF
Data Type Opinion Survey
Link to Data Source www.weforum.org/issues/global-competitiveness
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.weforum.org
Global Health Observatory Database
World Health Organization
The Global Health Observatory (GHO) data repository
provides access to over 50 datasets on priority health
topics including mortality and burden of diseases, the
Millennium Development Goals, non-communicable
diseases and risk factors, epidemic-prone diseases, health
systems, environmental health, violence and injuries, and
equity, among others. In addition, the GHO provides online
access to the World Health Organization's (WHO) annual
summary of health-related data for its 194 member states:
the World Health Statistics. The WHO is the United Nations
(UN) directing and coordinating authority for health. It
is responsible for providing leadership on global health
matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms
and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options,
providing technical support to countries and monitoring and
assessing health trends.
IDA Resource Allocation Index
World Bank
The World Bank’s (WB) International Development Association
(IDA) Resource Allocation Index (IRAI) is based on the
results of the annual Country Performance and Institutional
Assessment (CPIA) exercise that covers the IDA eligible
countries. The CPIA rates countries against a set of 16 criteria
grouped in four dimensions: (a) economic management; (b)
structural policies; (c) policies for social inclusion and equity;
and (d) public sector management and institutions. The
criteria are focused on balancing the capture of the key factors
that foster growth and poverty reduction. The WB provides
financial and technical assistance to developing countries
around the world.
Abbreviation GHO WHO
Link to Data Source http://apps.who.int/ghodata/
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.who.int
Abbreviation IRAI WB
Link to Data Source www.worldbank.org/ida/IRAI-2013.
html

144
Index of Economic Freedom
The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal
Terry Miller, Anthony B. Kim, and Kim R. Holmes, 2014 Index of Economic Freedom (Washington, D.C.:
The Heritage Foundation and Dow Jones & Company, Inc., 2014), http://www.heritage.org/index
The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal
(HER/WSJ) produce the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF).
The IEF tracks economic freedom around the world through
ten benchmarks: Business Freedom; Trade Freedom; Fiscal
Freedom; Government Spending; Monetary Freedom;
Investment Freedom; Financial Freedom; Property Rights;
Freedom from Corruption; and Labour Freedom.
The Heritage Foundation is a think tank and The Wall Street
Journal is an American English-language international daily
newspaper. They work together to track economic freedom
around the world.
Abbreviation IEF HER/WSJ
Link to Data Source www.heritage.org/Index
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.heritage.org
www.wsj.com
Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends
and Developments
Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
The Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC)
Global Overview of Trends and Developments (GOT) seeks
and compiles data on internal displacement from national
governments, the United Nations (UN) and other international
organisations, national and international NGOs, human rights
organisations and the media. The IDMC monitors internal
displacement caused by conflict and violence in 50 countries
worldwide and maintains an online database on conflict and
violence-related internal displacement.
Abbreviation GOT IDMC
Data Type Expert Assessment based on
Official Data
Link to Data Source www.internal-displacement.org/
publications/2014/global-overview-
2014-people-internally-displaced-by-conflict-
and-violence
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.internal-displacement.org
Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General
United Nations Office of Legal Affairs
The Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General
(MTDSG) database provides information on the status of
over 500 major multilateral instruments deposited with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN) (including the
texts of reservations, declarations and objections). It reflects
the status of these instruments, as member states sign, ratify,
accede or lodge declarations, reservations or objections.
The UN Office of Legal Affairs (UNOLA) provides a unified
central legal service for the Secretariat and the principal, and
other organs of the UN, and contributes to the progressive
development and codification of international public
and trade law.
Abbreviation MTDSG UNOLA
Official Data
Link to Data Source https://treaties.un.org/pages/Treaties.
aspx?id=4&subid=A&lang=en
Link(s) to Organisation(s) http://legal.un.org/ola/Default.aspx

145
Performance-based Allocation System
International Fund for Agricultural Development
The Performance-based Allocation System (PBAS)
incorporates measures of country need and country
performance. The country performance aspect includes
the broad policy framework, rural development policy and
portfolio performance. Each aspect of policy is considered
in light of its impact on economic growth and rural
poverty reduction. The International Fund for Agricultural
Development (IFAD) is an international financial institution
that finances agricultural development projects primarily for
food production in developing countries.
Abbreviation PBAS IFAD
Link to Data Source www.ifad.org/operations/pbas/
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.ifad.org
Sanctions in Africa 2000-2013
CDD Ghana
The Mo Ibrahim Foundation commissioned the Center for
Democratic Development Ghana (CDD Ghana) to construct
an independent analysis and scoring of the imposition of
sanctions in Africa by various international and regional
organisations. CDD Ghana is an independent, nonpartisan
and non-profit research-based and policy-oriented think
tank. It promotes democracy, good governance and economic
openness in Ghana and Africa.
Abbreviation SIA CDD
Official Data
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.cddgh.org
Political Terror Scale
Political Terror Scale
The Political Terror Scale (PTS) measures the degree of state
terror, which is defined as violations of physical or personal
integrity rights carried out by a state (or its agents), with
terror referring specifically to state-sanctioned killings,
torture, disappearances and political imprisonment. The scores
and analysis are based on Amnesty International and United
States Department of State reports. The PTS measures the
level of political violence and terror experienced by a country.
Abbreviation PTS PTS
Link to Data Source www.politicalterrorscale.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.politicalterrorscale.org

146
Social Institutions and Gender Index under Gender,
Institutions and Development Database
The Gender, Institutions and Development Database
(GID-DB) presents comparative data on discriminatory
social institutions related to gender inequality. The Social
Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) measures the underlying
drivers of gender inequality for over 100 countries. The
(OECD) promotes policies to improve the economic and social
well-being of people around the world.
Abbreviation GID-DB/SIGI OECD
Link to Data Source www.genderindex.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.oecd.org
Trafficking in Persons Report
US Department of State - Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
The Trafficking in Persons report (TIP) uses information
from US Embassies, foreign government officials, non-governmental
Treaty Body Database
Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
The Treaty Body Database (TBD) contains all public
documents adopted or received by the human rights treaty
bodies. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
(OHCHR) represents the world's commitment to universal
ideals of human dignity mandated by the international
community to promote and protect all human rights.
Abbreviation TBD OHCHR
Official Data
Link to Data Source http://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/
TreatyBodyExternal/Countries.aspx
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.ohchr.org
organisations (NGOs) and international
organisations, published reports, research trips to every
region and information submitted by individuals to assess
government efforts to combat human trafficking. The Office
to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons is an agency
within the United States Department of State (USDS) charged
with leading the US-global engagement on the fight against
human trafficking, partnering with foreign governments and
civil society to develop and implement effective strategies for
confronting modern slavery.
Abbreviation TIP USDS
Link to Data Source www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/index.
htm
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.state.gov/g/tip

147
UCDP Data v.4-2014, 1946-2013
Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research - Uppsala Conflict Data Programme
The Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP) data provides
information on a large number of aspects of armed violence
and conflict. The Uppsala University Department of Peace and
Conflict Research - Uppsala Conflict Data Programme (UCDP)
conducts research in several major areas of peace and
conflict studies.
Abbreviation UCDP UCDP
Link to Data Source www.pcr.uu.se/research/ucdp/
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.pcr.uu.se/about
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (UIS) is a
source for cross-nationally comparable statistics on education,
science and technology, culture and communication for
more than 200 countries and territories. UNESCO is a United
Nations (UN) agency which contributes to peace and security
by promoting collaboration among nations through education,
culture, sciences and communication.
Abbreviation UIS UNESCO
Frequency of Publication Updated when data are available
Link to Data Source www.uis.unesco.org/Pages/default.
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.unesco.org
UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Statistical Online Population Database (OPD) provides
data and trends on the "Population of concern to the Office
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR)": refugees, asylum-seekers, returned refugees,
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) protected/assisted by
UNHCR, returned IDPs, stateless persons and others of
concern to UNHCR, in more than 180 countries. The UNHCR
is an agency mandated by the United Nations (UN) General
Assembly to lead and co-ordinate international action to
protect refugees and resolve refugee problems worldwide. Its
primary purpose is to safeguard the rights and well-being of
refugees. There are three main providers of data to UNHCR
regarding the population of concern: governmental agencies;
UNHCR field offices; and NGOs.
aspx
Abbreviation OPD UNHCR
Link to Data Source www.unhcr.org/pages/4a013eb06.
html
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.unhcr.org

148
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme
for Water Supply and Sanitation Database
World Health Organization
World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund
(WHO/UNICEF) Joint Monitoring Programme (JMP) for Water
Supply and Sanitation is the official United Nations (UN)
mechanism tasked with monitoring progress towards the
Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking
water and sanitation (MDG 7, Target 7c), which is to: "Halve,
by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access
to safe drinking-water and basic sanitation". The WHO is
the UN directing and coordinating authority for health.
It is responsible for providing leadership on global health
matters, shaping the health research agenda, setting norms
and standards, articulating evidence-based policy options,
providing technical support to countries and monitoring and
assessing health trends.
Abbreviation WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO
Link to Data Source www.wssinfo.org
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.who.int
World Press Freedom Index
Reporters sans frontières
The World Press Freedom Index (WPFI) measures the level of
freedom of information by capturing the degree of freedom
that journalists, news organisations and netizens enjoy in each
country, and the efforts made by the authorities to respect
and ensure respect for this freedom. Reporters sans frontières
(RSF) promotes and defends the freedom to be informed and
to inform others throughout the world.
Abbreviation WPFI RSF
Link to Data Source http://rsf.org/index2014/en-index2014.
php
Link(s) to Organisation(s) http://en.rsf.org/
World Development Indicators
World Bank
The World Development Indicators (WDI) publication is the
World Bank's (WB) compilation of development data. The WDI
establish a statistical benchmark against which development
progress is measured, enabling cross-country comparisons.
The WB provides financial and technical assistance to
developing countries around the world.
Abbreviation WDI WB
Link to Data Source http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/
world-development-indicators

149
World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database
International Telecommunication Union
The World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database (WT/
ICTD) contains data for around 140 telecommunication/ICT
statistics. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
is a United Nations (UN) agency dealing with information
and communication technology issues.
Abbreviation WT/ICTD ITU
Link(s) to Organisation(s) www.itu.int
Worldwide Governance Indicators
World Bank
The Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) aggregate
individual governance indicators for 215 economies, for six
dimensions of governance: Voice and Accountability; Political
Stability and Absence of Violence; Government Effectiveness;
Regulatory Quality; Rule of Law; and Control of Corruption.
The World Bank (WB) provides financial and technical
assistance to developing countries around the world.
Abbreviation WGI WB
Link to Data Source http://info.worldbank.org/governance/
wgi/index.aspx#home

150
Judicial Process (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the extent to which the legal process/
the courts can be interfered with or distorted to serve
particular interests.
Indicator Name at Source Strength and fairness of judicial
system
Data Source Economist Intelligence Unit
Dataset, Economist Intelligence
Unit
Data Years covered by Publication 2006-2013
Last Accessed 08/08/2014
Raw Data Potential Range 0-100
Raw Data Coding Higher value is better
Countries with No Data Across
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.moibrahimfoundation.org/
iiag-methodology/
RULE OF LAW
Indicator Name at Source Judicial independence
Data Source Global Competitiveness Report,
Time Series
Central African Republic, Comoros,
Congo, Democratic Republic of
Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea,
Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau, Niger, São
Tomé & Príncipe, Somalia, Togo.
Link to Source Methodology www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_
GlobalCompetitivenessReport_
2013-14.pdf
Judicial Independence
Judicial Independence (BTI BS)
This variable assesses the extent to which an independent
judiciary exists. An independent judiciary has the ability and
autonomy to interpret and review existing laws, legislation
and policies, both public and civil; pursue its own reasoning,
free from the influence of political decision-makers or
powerful groups and individuals and from corruption;
and develop a differentiated organisation, including legal
education, jurisprudence, regulated appointment of the
judiciary, rational proceedings, professionalism, channels
of appeal and court administration.
Judicial Independence (GCR WEF)
This variable assesses the extent to which the judiciary is
independent from the influence of members of government,
citizens or firms, ranging from heavily influenced to entirely
independent.
Indicator Name at Source Independent judiciary
Data Source Bertelsmann Transformation Index,
Data Years covered by Publication 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013
Time Series
Cabo Verde, Comoros, Djibouti,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia,
Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé &
Príncipe, Seychelles, Swaziland.
Link to Source Methodology www.bti-project.org/index/
methodology/

151
RULE OF LAW
This variable assesses the extent to which judges have
autonomy to interpret and review existing laws, legislation
and policy, without fear or favour, with independence from
other branches of the government.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, the independence
of the judiciary is guaranteed
Data Source Africa Integrity Indicators,
Global Integrity
Time Series
Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho,
Mali, Senegal, Togo.
iiag-methodology/
Transfers of Power (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the clarity of established and accepted
constitutional mechanisms for the orderly transfer of power
from one government to another.
Indicator Name at Source Orderly transfers of power
Data Source Economist Intelligence
Unit Dataset, Economist
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Sanctions (SIA CDD)
This indicator measures whether or not economic and other
sanctions have been imposed on a country and/or non-governmental
actors in a country, by the United Nations
Security Council (UNSC) and/or the African Union (AU)
Peace and Security Council, due to gross violations of
international law.
Indicator Name at Source Sanctions index 2000-2013
Data Source Sanctions in Africa 2000-2013,
CDD Ghana
Raw Data Coding Higher value is worse
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Judicial Independence (AII GI)

INDICATORS & VARIABLES
152
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW RULE OF LAW
Property Rights
Property Rights (CPA AfDB)
This variable assesses the extent to which private economic
activity is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based
governance structure in which property and contract
rights are reliably respected and enforced. Each of the four
dimensions are rated separately: (a) legal basis for secure
property and contract rights; (b) predictability, transparency
and impartiality of laws affecting economic activity, and their
application by the judiciary; (c) difficulty in obtaining business
licenses; and (d) crime and violence as an impediment to
economic activity. For the overall rating, each dimension is
equally weighted.
Indicator Name at Source Property rights and rule-based
governance
Data Source Country Performance Assessment,
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/
afdb/Documents/Project-and-
Operations/2013-CPIA_
Questionnaire.pdf
Property Rights (IRAI WB)
This variable assesses the extent to which economic activity
is facilitated by an effective legal system and rule-based
governance structure in which property and contract rights are
reliably respected and enforced. Each of the three dimensions
are rated separately: (a) legal framework for secure property
and contract rights, including predictability and impartiality
of laws and regulations; (b) quality of the legal and judicial
system, as measured by independence, accessibility,
legitimacy, efficiency, transparency and integrity of the courts
and other relevant dispute resolution mechanisms; and (c)
crime and violence as an impediment to economic activity
and citizen security. For the overall rating, each dimension is
equally weighted.
This variable assesses the extent to which government
authorities ensure well-defined rights of private property and
regulate the acquisition, benefits, use and sale of property.
Indicator Name at Source Property rights and rule-based
governance
Data Source IDA Resource Allocation Index,
World Bank
Time Series
Algeria, Botswana, Egypt,
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Libya,
Mauritius, Morocco, Namibia,
Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa,
Swaziland, Tunisia.
Link to Source Methodology http://siteresources.worldbank.
org/PROJECTS/Resources/40940-
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Indicator Name at Source Property rights
Time Series
methodology/
Property Rights
Property Rights (BTI BS)

153
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW RULE OF LAW
This variable assesses the extent to which a country’s legal
framework allows individuals to freely accumulate private
property, secured by clear laws that are enforced effectively by
the government. It measures the degree to which a country’s
laws protect private property rights and the extent to which
those laws are respected. It also assesses the likelihood
that private property will be expropriated by the state and
analyses the independence of the judiciary, the existence of
corruption within the judiciary, and the ability of individuals
and businesses to enforce contracts.
Data Source Index of Economic Freedom,
The Heritage Foundation and
The Wall Street Journal
Somalia.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.heritage.org/index/
property-rights
This variable assesses the strength of the protection of
property rights, including financial assets.
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
Property Freedom (IEF HER/WSJ)
Property Rights (GCR WEF)

154
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW ACCOUNTABILITY
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector
This variable assesses the extent to which the executive can
be held accountable for its use of funds and the results of its
actions by the electorate, legislature and judiciary, and the
extent to which public employees within the executive are
required to account for the use of resources, administrative
decisions and results obtained. Both levels of accountability
are enhanced by transparency in decision-making, public
audit institutions, access to relevant and timely information
and public and media scrutiny. National and sub-national
governments are appropriately weighted. Each of three
dimensions are rated separately: (a) the accountability of the
executive to oversight institutions and of public employees for
their performance; (b) access of civil society to information on
public affairs; and (c) state capture by narrow vested interests.
For the overall rating, each dimension is equally weighted.
Indicator Name at Source Transparency, accountability and
corruption in the public sector
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
This variable assesses the extent to which the executive,
legislators and other high-level officials can be held
accountable for their use of funds, administrative decisions
and results obtained. Accountability is generally enhanced by
transparency in decision-making, access to relevant and timely
information, public and media scrutiny, and by institutional
checks (e.g. inspector general, ombudsman or independent
audit) on the authority of the chief executive. The criterion
covers four dimensions: (a) the accountability of the executive
and other top officials to effective oversight institutions; (b)
access of civil society to timely and reliable information on
public affairs and public policies, including fiscal information
(on public expenditures, revenues and large contract awards);
(c) state capture by narrow vested interests; and (d) integrity
in the management of public resources, including aid and
natural resource revenues. Each of four dimensions are rated
separately and national and sub-national government’s issues
are considered. For the overall rating, each dimension is
equally weighted.
Indicator Name at Source Transparency, accountability and
corruption in the public sector
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (CPA AfDB)
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in the Public Sector (IRAI WB)

155
Accountability of Public Officials (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the extent to which public officials are
accountable, including whether recourse is possible in the case
of unfair treatment and whether safeguards exist to ensure
public officials perform competently.
Indicator Name at Source Accountability of public officials
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Corruption & Bureaucracy (WGI WB)
This indicator assesses the intrusiveness of bureaucracy and
the amount of red tape likely to be encountered, as well as
the likelihood of encountering corrupt public officials and
other groups.
Indicator Name at Source Corruption
Data Source Worldwide Governance Indicators,
World Bank
Data Years covered by Publication 2000, 2002-2012
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/
papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682130
Accountability, Transparency & Corruption in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses the extent to which, at the local level:
(a) government (both the executive and the legislative) can be
held accountable to rural poor people for its use of funds and
the results of its actions; and (b) public employees and elected
officials are required to account for the use of resources,
administrative decisions and results obtained.
Indicator Name at Source Accountability, transparency and
corruption in rural areas
Data Source Performance-based Allocation
System, International Fund for
Agricultural Development
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.ifad.org/gbdocs/eb/79/e/EB-
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf

156
Corruption in Government & Public Officials (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the level of vested interests/cronyism
and corruption in the public and/or private sectors. The
vested interests/cronyism element measures whether
public contracts, and appointments and promotions to key
government and private sector jobs, are awarded based on
merit or connections/political affiliations. It also captures
whether key individuals have an undue or distorting influence
over appointments or contracts, and whether enforcement
agencies exist and are independent. The corruption element
of this indicator assesses the perception or degree to which
public officials are involved in corrupt practices, such as
misuse of public office for private benefit, accepting bribes,
and dispensing favours and patronage and private gain. The
length of time that the regime/government has been in power,
the number of officials that are appointed rather than elected,
and the frequency of reports/rumours of bribery are all taken
into account.
Indicator Name at Source Corruption in government and
public officials
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Diversion of Public Funds (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the prevalence of the diversion
of public funds to companies, individuals or groups due
to corruption.
Indicator Name at Source Diversion of public funds
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
Prosecution of Abuse of Office (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which public office
holders who abuse their positions are prosecuted or penalised.
It assesses whether public servants and politicians are held
accountable by legal prosecution and public contempt when
they break the law and engage in corrupt practices. It also
includes conflicts of interest and ethical misconduct, focusing
on the extent to which the rule of law is undermined by
political corruption.
Indicator Name at Source Prosecution of office abuse
Time Series
methodology/

157
ACCOUNTABILITY
Public Sector Corruption Bodies (AII GI)
This indicator assesses the extent to which the body/bodies
that investigate allegations of public sector corruption
has/have a functioning system in place to receive citizens'
allegations; investigates the allegations within three months
of being reported; and exercises its own initiative to start
investigations when/if needed.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, the body/bodies that
investigate/s allegations of public
sector corruption is/are effective
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
This variable assesses the extent to which records are available
online or on paper less than two weeks after requested and
costs are limited to photocopying. There may be exceptions
for information protected by national security or individual
privacy laws.
This variable assesses the extent to which legislative records
(at least transcript of debates/votes, roll call votes and full
text of bills) are accessible to the public online or at the cost
of photocopying; whether most records are available within
a day of legislative proceedings; and to what extent there
is a complete, easily available, legislative archive either on
or offline.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, citizen requests for
public information are effective
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Indicator Name at Source In practice, citizens can
access legislative processes
and documents
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Access to Information
Public Information (AII GI)
Access to Legislative Processes & Documents (AII GI)

158
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PERSONAL SAFETY
Political Terror (PTS PTS)
This indicator assesses the degree of physical integrity rights
violations, measuring the level of political violence and terror
that a country experiences based on a five-level "terror scale".
Indicator Name at Source Political terror scale
Data Source Political Terror Scale, Political
Terror Scale
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.politicalterrorscale.org/faq.
php
Social Unrest (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the prevalence of violent social unrest. Indicator Name at Source Presence and threat of violent
Safety of the Person (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the perceived level of criminality
in a country.
social unrest
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Indicator Name at Source Perceptions of personal safety
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/

159
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW PERSONAL SAFETY
Police Services (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the extent to which police services can
be relied upon to enforce law and order.
Indicator Name at Source Reliability of police services
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
Violent Crime (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the prevalence of violent crime, both
organised and common.
Indicator Name at Source Prevalence of violent crime (both
organised and common crime)
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/

160
Human Trafficking (TIP USDS)
This indicator assesses the nature and scope of trafficking
in persons and the broad range of government actions to
confront and eliminate it. It is coded by the Mo Ibrahim
Foundation using the trafficking classification tiers as
mandated in the US State Department Trafficking in
Persons (TIP) Report.
“Trafficking in persons” and “human trafficking” have been
used as umbrella terms for the act of recruiting, harbouring,
transporting, providing, or obtaining a person for compelled
labour or commercial sex acts through the use of force, fraud
or coercion. The [US] Trafficking Victims Protection Act defines
severe forms of trafficking in persons as (a) sex trafficking
in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud or
coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an
act has not attained 18 years of age; or (b) the recruitment,
harbouring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a
person for labour or services, through the use of force, fraud,
or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary
servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery. A victim need
not be physically transported from one location to another in
order for the crime to fall within these definitions.
Indicator Name at Source Trafficking in persons
Data Source Trafficking in Persons Report,
US Department of State - Office
to Monitor and Combat Trafficking
in Persons
Time Series
São Tomé & Príncipe, Somalia.
Link to Source Methodology www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/
tiprpt/2013/210543.htm
PERSONAL SAFETY

161
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW NATIONAL SECURITY
Cross-border Tensions (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the threat that international disputes/
tensions could negatively affect the economy and/or polity
and considers issues such as regional armed conflict and
disputes over trade, borders and human rights.
Indicator Name at Source Presence of cross-border tensions
that could lead to conflict or
sanctions
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Government Involvement in Armed Conflict (UCDP UCDP)
This indicator assesses the extent to which a government is
involved in an armed conflict. It is coded by the Mo Ibrahim
Foundation using the following variables at source: "Primary
party in armed conflict" and "Secondary party in armed
conflict".
An armed conflict is a contested incompatibility that concerns
government and/or territory where the use of armed force
between two parties, of which at least one is the government
of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths in one
calendar year.
"Primary parties" are identified as the parties that have formed
the incompatibility. "Secondary parties" are identified as a
state or a coalition of states which shares the incompatibility
with one of the sides in the conflict and actively supports
it with troops. A secondary warring party does not need to
meet the 25 battle-related deaths criteria; an active troop
participation of their forces is enough.
Indicator Name at Source (i) Primary party in armed conflict
(ii) Secondary party in armed
conflict
Data Source UCDP Data v.4-2014, 1946-2013,
Uppsala University, Department
of Peace and Conflict Research -
Uppsala Conflict Data Programme
Raw Data Potential Range 0-indefinite values
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.pcr.uu.se/digitalAssets/124/
124920_1codebook_ucdp_prio-armed-
conflict-dataset-v4_2014.
pdf

162
NATIONAL SECURITY
Domestic Armed Conflict (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the level of domestic armed conflict in
a country (both internal conflict and/or civil war, but excluding
cross-border conflict), or the likelihood of conflict developing
in the near future. The assessment is based on whether a
country is presently subject to armed conflict or whether
there is at least a moderate risk of such conflict in the
forecast period.
Indicator Name at Source Domestic armed conflict
(both internal conflict and/or
civil war, but excluding cross-border
conflict)
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Political Refugees (OPD UNHCR)
This indicator estimates the number of people fleeing a
country due to fear of persecution. Refugees, as defined by
the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees (UNHCR), include individuals recognised under
the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees;
its 1967 Protocol; the 1969 Organisation of African Unity
(OAU) Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee
Problems in Africa; those recognised in accordance with the
UNHCR Statute; individuals granted complementary forms of
protection; or those enjoying "temporary protection".
Indicator Name at Source Refugee population originating
from a country
Data Source UNHCR Statistical Online
Population Database, Office of the
United Nations High Commissioner
for Refugees
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.unhcr.org/statistics/
STATISTICS/45c06c662.
html#DATA_COLLECTION_
METHODS

163
SAFETY & RULE OF LAW NATIONAL SECURITY
Internally Displaced People (GOT IDMC)
This indicator estimates the number of Internally Displaced
People (IDPs) within a country. IDPs are defined as persons
or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee
or to leave their homes or places of habitual residence, in
particular as a result of, or in order to avoid, the effects of
armed conflict, situations of generalised violence, violations
of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who
have not crossed an internationally recognised state border.
Indicator Name at Source Internal displacement caused by
conflict and violence
Data Source Internal Displacement:
Global Overview of Trends
and Developments, Internal
Displacement Monitoring Centre
Time Series
The IDMC does not actively
monitor some countries.
For countries not mentioned in
the GOT reports, a score of zero
was given.
Link to Source Methodology www.internal-displacement.org/
assets/publications/2014/201405-
global-overview-2014-en.pdf

164
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS PARTICIPATION
Free & Fair Executive Elections (AEI IREEP)
This indicator assesses the freedom and fairness of executive
elections, including the extent to which the opposition were
able to participate in an election. Pre-election, campaign,
election day and post-election electoral procedures are all
evaluated. Levels of intimidation and violence, allowance
or restriction of demonstrations, freedom of access to
information, opposition party participation or boycotts, the
losing party’s acceptance of results and turnover of power are
also taken into consideration.
Indicator Name at Source African electoral index: 2000-2013
Data Source African Electoral Index: 2000-
2013, Institut de Recherche
Empirique en Economie Politique
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Political Participation (DI EIU)
This indicator assesses the extent of political participation,
taking into consideration voter turnout rates, political
autonomy and voice for ethnic/religious minorities, women in
parliament, extent of political participation and promotion,
citizens’ political engagement, political demonstrations,
literacy and interest in politics.
Indicator Name at Source Political participation
Data Source Democracy Index, Economist
Intelligence Unit
Data Years covered by Publication 2006-2008, 2010-2013
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Free & Fair Elections (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which political
representatives are determined by general, free and fair
elections. This includes whether general elections are regularly
conducted on the national level; universal suffrage with secret
ballot is ensured; several parties with different platforms
are able to run; and political posts are filled according to
election outcome.
Indicator Name at Source Free and fair elections
Time Series
methodology/

165
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS PARTICIPATION
Effective Power to Govern (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which democratically
elected political representatives have the effective power
to govern, or the extent to which there are veto powers and
political enclaves. Veto powers refer to individuals or groups
who have the power to undermine democratic procedures
without questioning the system as such. Veto powers can
come from the military, the clergy, landowners, business
elites and external actors, among others. They can veto the
results of democratic decisions or retain prerogatives that
cannot be touched by democratically elected officeholders
(e.g. nominating the commander-in-chief of the armed forces).
This point is distinct from the stateness criterion; guerrillas,
paramilitaries and state-free regions (in slums, or in rural
areas) are not the veto powers referred to in this indicator.
Indicator Name at Source Effective power to govern
Time Series
methodology/
Political Rights (FITW FH)
This indicator assesses the extent to which people are able
to participate freely in the political process, including the
right to vote freely for distinct alternatives in legitimate
elections; compete for public office; join political parties
and organisations; and elect representatives who have a
decisive impact on public policies and are accountable
to the electorate. It includes assessments of electoral
process, political pluralism and participation, and functioning
of government.
Indicator Name at Source Political rights
Data Source Freedom in the World Survey,
Freedom House
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.freedomhouse.org/report/
freedom-world-2014/methodology

166
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS RIGHTS
International Human Rights Conventions (MTDSG UNOLA/TBD OHCHR)
This indicator measures how many core international human
rights treaties a country has signed and ratified, and whether
it has submitted a report to the relevant supervisory body
within the past ten years. In addition it takes into account the
two optional protocols to the Convention on the Rights of the
Child, on the involvement of children in armed conflict and
on child prostitution and child pornography. It is coded by
the Mo Ibrahim Foundation as the sum of two components:
"Ratification of Core International Human Rights Conventions/
Optional Protocols" and "Reporting on Core International
Human Rights Conventions/Optional Protocols".
Indicator Name at Source (i) Ratification
(ii) Reporting status
Data Source Multilateral Treaties Deposited
with the Secretary General, United
Nations Office of Legal Affairs/
Treaty Body Database, Office
of the High Commissioner for
Human Rights
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology -
Human Rights (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the likelihood of a state being accused
of serious human rights abuses.
Indicator Name at Source Human rights
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
This variable assesses the extent to which citizens,
organisations and the mass media can express opinions freely.
This includes whether the constitution guarantees freedom
of expression and these laws are enforced; individuals,
organisations or media are harassed or physically threatened
by either the state or influential interest groups and if there
are cases of assault against dissenting media or critical
journalists; the state practices censorship or journalists
practice self-censorship; penal code, security laws or penalties
for libelling state officials are enacted to intimidate dissenting
opinion; freedom of information legislation is in place and
effective; and the structure of the mass media system provides
for a plurality of opinions.
Indicator Name at Source Freedom of expression
Time Series
methodology/
Freedom of Expression
Freedom of Expression (BTI BS)

167
Press Freedom (FOTP FH)
This variable assesses the degree of print, broadcast and
internet freedom.
Indicator Name at Source Press freedom
Data Source Freedom of the Press Index,
Freedom House
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology http://freedomhouse.org/report/
freedom-press-2014/methodology
Press Freedom (WPFI RSF)
This variable assesses the degree of freedom that journalists,
news organisations and netizens enjoy in that country, and the
efforts made by authorities to respect and ensure respect for
this freedom.
This variable assesses the extent to which individuals can
form and join independent political or civic groups, and the
extent to which these groups can operate and assemble freely.
This includes whether the constitution guarantees freedom
of association and assembly, and if these laws are enforced;
there are severe restrictions on assembly and association
for all citizens or for particular groups; the government uses
intimidation, harassment or threats of retaliation to prevent
citizens from exercising the rights to association and assembly;
the government uses transparent and non-discriminatory
criteria in evaluating requests for permits to associate and/
or assemble; and groups are able to operate free from
unwarranted state intrusion or interference in their affairs.
Indicator Name at Source World press freedom index
Data Source World Press Freedom Index,
Reporters sans frontières
São Tomé & Príncipe.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology https://en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/2013_
wpfi_methodology.pdf
Indicator Name at Source Association/assembly rights
Time Series
methodology/
Freedom of Association & Assembly
Freedom of Association & Assembly (BTI BS)

168
This variable assesses the extent to which civil rights are
guaranteed and protected, and the extent to which citizens
can seek redress for violations of these rights. Civil rights
contain and limit the exercise of state power by the rule of
law. Their most important aspects comprise the protection of
personal liberty against state and non-state actors, including
the right to life and security of the person, prohibition of
torture, cruel and inhuman treatment or punishment and
the protection of privacy; and equality before the law, equal
access to justice and due process under the rule of law. This
variable includes both the de jure and de facto situation
concerning the protection of civil rights, including the
mechanisms and institutions established to prosecute, punish
and redress violations of these rights.
This variable assesses the extent of civil liberties using
assessments of freedom of expression and belief, associational
and organisational rights, rule of law, personal autonomy and
individual rights without interference from the state.
Indicator Name at Source Civil rights
Time Series
methodology/
Indicator Name at Source Civil liberties
Data Source Freedom in the World Survey,
Freedom House
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.freedomhouse.org/report/
freedom-world-2014/methodology
This variable assesses the extent to which citizens are able
to associate freely with their peers in public, express dissent
in public settings and participate in civic and political
organisations.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, citizens are able to
associate freely
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Freedom of Association (AII GI)
Civil Liberties
Protection of Civil Liberties (BTI BS)
Civil Liberties (FITW FH)

169
This variable assesses the extent to which a country has
enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to
enforce laws and policies that: (a) promote equal access for
men and women to human capital development opportunities;
(b) promote equal access for men and women to productive
and economic resources; and (c) give men and women equal
status and protection under the law. For the domain of human
capital development opportunities, the focus is on primary
and secondary education, antenatal and delivery care, and
family planning services. For the domain of equal access to
economic and productive resources, the focus is on labour
force participation and remuneration, business ownership and
management, land tenure, and inheritance. For the domain
of equal status and protection under the law, the focus is on
ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms
of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), family law,
violence against women and political participation.
Indicator Name at Source Gender equality
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
This variable assesses the extent to which a country has
enacted and put in place institutions and programmes to
enforce laws and policies that: (a) promote equal access for
men and women to human capital development opportunities;
(b) promote equal access for men and women to productive
and economic resources; and (c) give men and women equal
status and protection under the law. For the human capital
development dimension, the focus is on primary completion
and access to secondary education, access to health care
during delivery and to family planning, and adolescent fertility
rate. For access to economic and productive resources,
the focus is on labour force participation, land tenure and
property and inheritance rights. For equalisation of status
and protection under the law, the focus is on individual and
family rights and personal security (violence against women,
trafficking or sexual harassment) and political participation.
Indicator Name at Source Gender equality
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Gender Equality
Gender Equality (CPA AfDB)
Gender Equality (IRAI WB)
GENDER

170
PARTICIPATION & HUMAN RIGHTS GENDER
Equal Representation in Rural Areas (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses whether a country has created laws,
policies, institutions and practices that promote equal
representation of men and women in local decision-making.
It also assesses the enabling environment provided for
women’s representation in rural organisations (e.g. farmers’
associations, cooperatives), or the existence of de jure or de
facto barriers to women’s entry (e.g. requirements to own
land, literacy requirements, membership fees, etc.).
Indicator Name at Source Women representatives
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Women's Participation in the Labour Force (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the proportion of the female
population aged 15 and older that is economically active.
That is, all women who supply labour for the production of
goods and services.
Indicator Name at Source Labor force participation rate,
female (% of female population
ages 15+)
Data Source World Development Indicators,
World Bank
Seychelles.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology http://data.worldbank.org/about/
data-overview/methodologies
Gender Balance in Education (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the percentage of girls to boys
enrolled at primary and secondary levels in public and
private schools.
Indicator Name at Source Ratio of girls to boys in primary
and secondary education (%)
World Bank
Time Series
Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Zambia.

171
Women in Parliament (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the percentage of parliamentary seats
in a single or lower chamber held by women.
Indicator Name at Source Proportion of seats held by women
in national parliaments (%)
World Bank
None.
Time Series
Gender Equality in the Workplace (AII GI)
This indicator assesses the extent to which women receive
equal pay and benefits to men for performing the same job;
have equal opportunities to be hired or promoted; and are not
fired, demoted or in any other way discriminated against as a
result of pregnancy.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, women have
equal access to employment
opportunities and benefits in
the workplace
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Legislation on Violence Against Women (GID-DB/SIGI OECD)
This indicator measures the existence of women's legal
protection from rape, assault and sexual harrassment, the
prevalence of domestic violence and attitudes towards
domestic violence. It is based on three components: (a) laws;
(b) attitudes towards domestic violence; and (c) lifetime
prevalence of domestic violence.
Indicator Name at Source Violence against women (laws)
Data Source Social Institutions and Gender
Index under Gender, Institutions
and Development Database,
Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development
Data Years covered by Publication 2005, 2008, 2011
Time Series
São Tomé & Príncipe, Seychelles.
Link to Source Methodology http://genderindex.org/sites/
default/files/user_photos/SIGI%20
2012%20Scoring%20Manual.pdf

172
Gender Equality in Appointments to Cabinet (AII GI)
This indicator assesses the extent to which at least a third
of the members of the national cabinet are women.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, appointments to the
national cabinet take gender into
consideration
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/

173
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
Statistical Capacity (BBSC WB)
This indicator assesses the capacity of statistical systems using
a diagnostic framework which consists of three assessment
areas: methodology; data sources; and periodicity and
timeliness. The institutional framework is not included.
Indicator Name at Source Statistical capacity indicator
Data Source Bulletin Board on Statistical
Capacity, World Bank
None.
Time Series
org/INTWBDEBTSTA/Resources/
Note_on_Statistical_Capacity_
Indicator_BBSC_Nov2012.pdf
This variable assesses the extent to which civilian central
government staff (including teachers, health workers and
police) are structured to design and implement government
policy and deliver services effectively. Civilian central
government staff include the central executive together
with all other ministries and administrative departments,
including autonomous agencies. It excludes the armed forces,
state-owned enterprises and sub-national governments. The
key dimensions assessed are: (a) policy coordination and
responsiveness; (b) service delivery and operational efficiency;
(c) merit and ethics; and (d) pay adequacy and management
of the wage bill.
This variable assesses the functioning of the core
administration (defined as the civilian central government and
sub-national governments, excluding health and education
personnel and police) in three areas: (a) managing its own
operation; (b) ensuring quality in policy implementation and
regulatory management; and (c) coordinating the larger public
sector human resources management regime outside the core
administration (de-concentrated and arms-length bodies and
subsidiary governments).
Indicator Name at Source Quality of public administration
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Indicator Name at Source Quality of public administration
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Public Administration
Public Administration (CPA AfDB)
Public Administration (IRAI WB)

174
Diversification (AEO AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA)
This indicator estimates the extent to which exports are
diversified. It is constructed as the inverse of a Herfindahl
Index, using disaggregated exports at four digits.
Indicator Name at Source Diversification index
Data Source African Economic Outlook, African
Development Bank/Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and
Development/United Nations
Development Programme/United
Nations Economic Commission
for Africa
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.africaneconomicoutlook.org
Budget Management
This variable assesses the extent to which there is: (a) a
comprehensive and credible budget linked to policy priorities,
which in turn are linked to a poverty reduction strategy;
(b) effective financial management systems to ensure that
incurred expenditures are consistent with the approved
budget, that budgeted revenues are achieved, and that
aggregate fiscal control is maintained; (c) timely and accurate
fiscal reporting, including timely and audited public accounts
and effective arrangements for follow up; and (d) clear and
balanced assignment of expenditures and revenues to each
level of government.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of budgetary and financial
management
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Reserves (CD EIU)
This indicator estimates the total international reserves
divided by imports of goods and non-factor services,
expressed in months.
Indicator Name at Source Import cover (months)
Data Source CountryData, Economist
Intelligence Unit
Time Series
Djibouti, Eritrea, Guinea, Guinea-
Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania,
Niger, Sierra Leone, Somalia.
Budget Management (CPA AfDB)

175
This variable assesses the extent to which there is: (a) a
comprehensive and credible budget linked to policy priorities;
(b) effective financial management systems to ensure that
the budget is implemented as intended in a controlled and
predictable way; and (c) timely and accurate accounting and
fiscal reporting, including timely audit of public accounts and
effective arrangements for follow up.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of budgetary and financial
management
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Ratio of Total Revenue to Total Expenditure (ASY AU/AfDB/UNECA)
This indicator estimates the total budget revenue as a
proportion of total budget expenditure. This indicator
is compiled by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation using the
following indicators: "Total Revenues and Grants" and "Total
Expenditures and Net Lending".
Indicator Name at Source (i) Total revenues and grants
(ii) Total expenditures and net
lending
Data Source African Statistical Yearbook,
African Union/African
Development Bank/United Nations
Economic Commission for Africa
Eritrea, Somalia.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/
uploads/afdb/Documents/
Publications/African_Statistical_
Yearbook_2014.pdf
Budget Management (IRAI WB)

176
This variable assesses the quality of the fiscal policy in its
stabilisation and allocation functions. The stabilisation
function deals with achieving macroeconomic policy
objectives in conjunction with coherent monetary
and exchange rate policies – smoothing business cycle
fluctuations, accommodating shocks. The allocation function
is concerned with the appropriate provision of public
goods. The variable takes into account public expenditure
composition, including, for example, the provision of public
infrastructure and agriculture related public goods and
services that support medium-term growth.
Indicator Name at Source Fiscal policy
Time Series
Ratio of External Debt Service to Exports (CD EIU)
This indicator estimates the total external debt service due as
a percentage of exports of goods, non-factor services, income
and workers' remittances.
World Bank
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Indicator Name at Source Debt-service ratio, due
Data Source CountryData, Economist
Intelligence Unit
Raw Data Potential Range Indefinite values
Time Series
Djibouti, Eritrea, Guinea-Bissau,
Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger,
Sierra Leone, Somalia.
Fiscal Policy
This variable assesses the short- and medium-term
sustainability of fiscal policy (taking into account monetary
and exchange rate policy and the sustainability of the public
debt) and its impact on growth. The fiscal policy criterion
covers the extent to which: (a) the primary balance is
managed to ensure sustainability of the public finances; (b)
public expenditure/revenue can be adjusted to absorb shocks
if necessary; and (c) the provision of public goods, including
infrastructure, is consistent with medium-term growth.
Sustainability is defined inclusive of off-budget government
spending items and contingent liabilities.
Indicator Name at Source Fiscal policy
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Fiscal Policy (CPA AfDB)
Fiscal Policy (IRAI WB)

177
This variable assesses the overall pattern of revenue
mobilisation – not only the tax structure as it exists on paper,
but revenue from all sources as they are actually collected.
Separate sub-ratings are provided for (a) tax policy; and
(b) tax administration.
Indicator Name at Source Efficiency of revenue mobilization
Time Series
Access to Financial Records of State-owned Companies (AII GI)
This indicator assesses the extent to which the financial
records of state-owned companies are available online/offline
to journalists, auditors and citizens at least quarterly. It also
captures whether the records can be obtained immediately for
free online, or on paper, in less than two weeks of the request,
at the cost of photocopying.
World Bank
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Indicator Name at Source In practice, citizens can access the
financial records of state-owned
companies
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
This variable assesses the overall pattern of revenue
mobilisation – not only the tax structure as it exists on paper,
but revenue from all sources as they are actually collected.
Separate sub-ratings are provided for (a) tax policy; and
(b) tax administration.
Indicator Name at Source Efficiency of revenue mobilization
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Revenue Collection
Revenue Collection (CPA AfDB)
Revenue Collection (IRAI WB)

178
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Competitive Environment (CPA AfDB)
This variable assesses direct regulations of business activity
and regulation of goods and factor markets. Three sub-components
are measured: (a) regulations affecting entry,
exit and competition; (b) regulations of on-going business
operations; and (c) regulations of factor markets (labour
and land).
Competitive Environment (IRAI WB)
This variable assesses the extent to which the legal, regulatory
and policy environment helps or hinders private business
in investing, creating jobs and becoming more productive.
The emphasis is on direct regulations of business activity
and regulation of goods and factor markets. Three sub-components
are measured: (a) regulations affecting entry,
exit, and competition; (b) regulations of on-going business
operations; and (c) regulations of factor markets (labour
and land).
Indicator Name at Source Business regulatory environment
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Indicator Name at Source Business regulatory environment
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
This variable assesses the level to which the fundamentals of
market-based competition have developed and the extent
to which safeguards exist, and are enforced, to prevent the
development of economic monopolies and cartels.
Market competition comprises low importance of
administered pricing; currency convertibility; contestability of
markets; no significant entry and exit barriers in product and
factor markets; freedom to launch and withdraw investments;
and no discrimination based on ownership and size. The size of
the informal sector is also considered.
Anti-monopoly policy assesses whether antitrust or
competition laws exist and are enforced against monopolistic
or cartelistic structures and conduct.
Indicator Name at Source (i) Market-based competition
(ii) Anti-monopoly policy
Time Series
methodology/
Competitive Environment
Competitive Environment
Competition (BTI BS)

179
This variable assesses the extent to which bids from competing
contractors, suppliers or vendors are invited through open
advertising of the scope, specifications and terms of the
proposed contract, and whether the criteria by which bids are
evaluated are available for scrutiny.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, major public
procurements involve competitive
bidding
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Investment Climate for Rural Businesses (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses whether government has adopted an
appropriate policy, legal and regulatory framework to support
the emergence and development of private rural businesses.
Indicator Name at Source Investment climate for rural
businesses
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Investment Climate (IEF HER/WSJ)
This indicator assesses the economic freedom of a country
by determining the constraints that exist on the flow of
investment capital. It evaluates a variety of restrictions
typically imposed on investment, which are as follows:
national treatment of foreign investment; foreign investment
code; restrictions on land ownership; sectoral investment
restrictions; expropriation of investments without fair
compensation; foreign exchange controls; and capital controls.
Indicator Name at Source Investment freedom
Data Source Index of Economic Freedom,
The Heritage Foundation and
The Wall Street Journal
Somalia.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.heritage.org/index/
investment-freedom
Competitive Bidding (AII GI)

180
Rural Financial Services Development (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses the extent to which the policy and
institutional framework supports the development of a
commercially-based rural finance market that is rooted in the
private sector and is efficient, equitable and accessible to low-income
populations in rural areas.
Indicator Name at Source Enabling conditions for rural
financial services development
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Customs Procedures (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the level of efficiency of customs
procedures, relating to the entry and exit of merchandise.
Indicator Name at Source Burden of customs procedures
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
Bureaucracy & Red Tape (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the pervasiveness of red tape, including
the extent of bureaucratic delay and complexity in obtaining
the appropriate documentation or authorisation to engage in
business activities.
Indicator Name at Source Excessive bureaucracy/red tape
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/

181
Soundness of Banks (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the soundness of banks, ranging from
needing recapitalisation to being generally healthy with sound
balance sheets.
Indicator Name at Source Soundness of banks
Time Series
2013-14.pdf

182
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE
Electricity Supply (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the reliability of the electricity supply,
taking into account interruptions and voltage fluctuations.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of electricity supply
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
Rail Network (EIUD EIU)
This indicator assesses the risk that the rail network will prove
inadequate to business needs.
Indicator Name at Source Rail network
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Road Network (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses the quality of roads, ranging from
extremely underdeveloped to extensive and efficient by
international standards.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of roads
Time Series
2013-14.pdf

183
Air Transport
This variable assesses the quality of air transport
infrastructure, ranging from extremely underdeveloped to
extensive and efficient by international standards.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of air transport
infrastructure
Time Series
2013-14.pdf
This variable assesses the extent to which the country's
aviation safety oversight authority is subject to the
International Civil Aviation Organization's Continuous
Monitoring Approach, and whether it has complied with the
recommendations made in the latest audit report. It also
assesses the extent to which the country's airlines are subject
to the International Air Transport Association's Operational
Safety Audit and have complied with the recommendations
made in the latest audit report.
Telephone & IT Infrastructure
This variable assesses the risk that the telephone network will
prove inadequate to business needs. Risk is evaluated based
on three criteria: degree of obsolescence; maintenance; and
sufficient supply to meet demand.
Indicator Name at Source In practice, there is a functioning
safety monitoring system for air
transport
Global Integrity
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Indicator Name at Source Telephone network
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
Quality of Air Transport (GCR WEF)
Air Transport Safety (AII GI)
Telephone Network (EIUD EIU)

184
This variable assesses the risk that the information technology
infrastructure will prove inadequate to business needs.
Indicator Name at Source IT infrastructure
Intelligence Unit
None.
Time Series
iiag-methodology/
This variable estimates the percentage of households with
a computer. A computer can include a desktop, portable or
handheld computer (e.g. a personal digital assistant). It does
not include equipment with some embedded computing
abilities such as mobile phones or TV sets.
Indicator Name at Source Percentage of households with
computer
Data Source World Telecommunication/ICT
Indicators Database, International
Telecommunication Union
Time Series
Equatorial Guinea, São Tomé &
Príncipe, Somalia.
Link to Source Methodology www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/
Pages/publications/handbook.aspx
Digital Connectivity
This variable estimates the number of subscriptions to a
public mobile telephone service that provides access to
Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) using cellular
technology, including the number of pre-paid SIM cards active
during the past three months, expressed per 100 inhabitants.
This includes both analogue and digital cellular systems
(IMT-2000 (Third Generation, 3G) and 4G subscriptions), but
excludes mobile broadband subscriptions via data cards or USB
modems. Subscriptions to public mobile data services, private
trunked mobile radio, telepoint or radio paging, and telemetry
services are also excluded. It includes all mobile cellular
subscriptions that offer voice communications.
Indicator Name at Source Mobile-cellular telephone
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants
None.
Time Series
IT Infrastructure (EIUD EIU)
Mobile Phone Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)
Household Computers (WT/ICTD ITU)

185
Internet Subscribers (WT/ICTD ITU)
This variable estimates the number of total internet
subscriptions, expressed per 100 inhabitants, with fixed
(wired) internet access, which includes dial-up and total fixed
(wired) broadband subscriptions. Only active subscriptions
that have used the system within the past three months
are included.
Indicator Name at Source Fixed (wired) internet subscriptions
per 100 inhabitants
None.
Time Series
This variable estimates the proportion of the total population
served with piped drinking water, which includes piped
water into dwelling, also called a household connection,
which is defined as a water service pipe connected with in-house
plumbing to one or more taps (e.g. in the kitchen and
bathroom) and piped water to yard/plot, also called a yard
connection, which is defined as a piped water connection to a
tap placed in the yard or plot outside the house.
that is served with an improved drinking water source, which
is one that, by the nature of its construction, adequately
protects the source from outside contamination, in particular
with faecal matter. This includes the use of the following
sources: piped water into a dwelling, yard or plot; public tap or
standpipe; tubewell or borewell; protected dug well; protected
spring; and rainwater collection.
Indicator Name at Source Drinking water, national, improved,
piped on premises (%)
Data Source WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring
Programme for Water Supply and
Sanitation Database, World Health
Organization
Time Series
Indicator Name at Source Drinking water, national, improved,
total improved (%)
Organization
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/
method/
Libya.
method/
Access to Water
Access to Piped Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Access to Improved Water (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

186
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY RURAL SECTOR
Public Resources for Rural Development (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses government policies, strategies
and investment programmes for the agricultural and rural
development sector, and the efficiency, consistency and
transparency with which resources are allocated and managed,
and their use is reported on. It assesses whether government:
(a) gives adequate emphasis to the sector in its planning and
budgeting and has in place policies, strategies and investment
programmes that are appropriate and consistent with each
other; (b) has in place effective financial management systems
to ensure that expenditures are consistent with the approved
budget, and to provide for timely and accurate financial
reporting and auditing; and (c) allocates and makes available
appropriate proportions of the sectoral budget to the different
levels of government (national, state, provincial, district and
below, as relevant).
Indicator Name at Source Allocation and management
of public resources for rural
development
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
This variable assesses whether the legal, institutional and
market frameworks provide the basis for the rural poor to have
secure access to land – both individually held and common
property resources – and whether the poor are able to benefit
from these.
This variable assesses whether the policy and institutional
framework provides for the rural poor, on the one hand, to
have equitable user-rights over water resources for agriculture,
and, on the other hand, to effectively manage those resources.
Indicator Name at Source Access to land
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Indicator Name at Source Access to water for agriculture
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Land & Water for Low-income Rural Populations
Access to Land (PBAS IFAD)
Access to Water for Agriculture (PBAS IFAD)

187
Agricultural Research & Extension Services (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses the extent to which the agricultural
research and extension system is accessible to poor farmers,
including women farmers, and is responsive to their needs
and priorities.
Indicator Name at Source Access to agricultural research and
extension services
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Policy & Legal Framework for Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses the extent to which an enabling policy
and legal environment is present for the rural poor to organise
into autonomous groups, associations or other forms of
collective action.
Indicator Name at Source Policy and legal framework for
rural organizations
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Agricultural Input & Produce Markets (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses whether the policy and institutional
framework supports the development of commercially-based
agricultural markets that are rooted in the private sector and
are efficient, equitable and accessible to small farmers.
Indicator Name at Source Access to agricultural input and
produce markets
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf

188
Dialogue Between Government & Rural Organisations (PBAS IFAD)
This indicator assesses whether the rural poor are able to
enter into dialogue with government or to lobby government
representatives and express their concerns and priorities with
regard to issues crucial to their livelihoods. It looks at whether
the government is responsive to rural poor people; takes into
consideration their views in developing the policy, strategic
and investment framework for the sector; and provides a
conducive environment for such exchange.
Indicator Name at Source Dialogue between government and
rural organizations
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
2003-79-R-2-REV-1.pdf
Agricultural Policy Costs (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses agricultural policy, ranging from
excessively burdensome for the economy to balancing the
interests of taxpayers, consumers and producers.
Indicator Name at Source Agricultural policy costs
Time Series
2013-14.pdf

189
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT WELFARE
Welfare Regime (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which social safety nets
exist to compensate for social risks and the extent to which
equality of opportunity exists. Social safety nets compensate
for the social risks of the capitalist economic system, such as
unemployment or poverty, and alleviate handicaps such as old
age, illness or disability. It assesses the forms of compensation:
cash and conditional cash transfers, subsidies, waivers,
food programs, educational or empowerment initiatives;
the funding: tax, redistribution, pay-as-you-go, investment
funds; and the structure of the welfare regime: public, private
or both. In countries that do not provide comprehensive,
state-funded welfare systems, social safety nets can refer to
those arrangements that are functionally equivalent to formal
compensation for social risks. Social safety nets may also
comprise family, clan or village structures, if these structures
can provide viable compensation on a broad scale for risks.
The equal opportunity component is directed at finding out
to what extent individuals have equal access to participation
in society regardless of their social background. This includes
equal access to education, public office or employment. The
equality of opportunity for women or ethnic or religious
groups are evaluated explicitly, as are the legal provisions and
their implementation and enforcement.
Indicator Name at Source Welfare regime
Data Years covered by Publication 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011,
2013
Time Series
methodology/
Social Protection & Labour
This variable assesses government policies in the area of social
protection and labour market regulation, which reduce the risk
of people becoming poor, assist those who are poor to better
manage further risks, and ensure a minimal level of welfare to
all people. It assesses five different areas of social protection
and labour policy: (a) social safety net programmes; (b)
protection of basic labour standards; (c) labour market
regulations; (d) community driven initiatives; and (e)
pension and old-age savings programmes. Within each area,
policies and programme design as well as implementation
effectiveness are assessed.
Indicator Name at Source Social protection and labor
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Social Protection & Labour (CPA AfDB)

190
This variable assesses social protection and labour policies,
namely those engaged in risk prevention by supporting
savings and risk pooling through social insurance, protection
against destitution through redistributive safety net
programmes and promotion of human capital development
and income generation, including labour market programmes.
It also assesses the functioning of a social protection
system, including effectiveness in a crisis and in providing
arrangements and incentives to help beneficiaries to move
from protection, to promotion and prevention, including
through interactions with private, informal means of social
protection. It covers (a) the overall social protection system;
(b) social safety net programmes; (c) labour markets
programmes and policies; (d) local service delivery and civil
society participation in community development programmes;
and (e) pension and old-age savings programmes.
Indicator Name at Source Social protection and labor
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Welfare Services (Health & Education)
This variable assesses the national policies and public and
private sector service delivery that affect access to and quality
of: (a) health and nutrition services, including population
and reproductive health; (b) education, Early Childhood
Development (ECD), training and literacy programs; and
(c) prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis,
and malaria. ECD includes both formal and non-formal
programmes (which may combine education, health and
nutrition interventions) aimed at children aged 0-6.
Indicator Name at Source Building human resources
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Social Exclusion (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which significant
parts of the population are fundamentally excluded from
society due to poverty and inequality. It assesses the level
of social exclusion as a determining factor for economic
transformation, referring to structural exclusion, not to
the output strength of a country's economy as reflected in
macroeconomic data. Factors taken into account include the
overall level of socioeconomic development; the poverty rate;
the level of inequality with regard to income and education;
the level of exclusion based on gender, religion and ethnicity;
and the scope of subsistence economy.
Indicator Name at Source Socioeconomic barriers
Data Years covered by Publication 2002, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011,
2013
Time Series
methodology/
Social Protection & Labour (IRAI WB)
Welfare Services (Health & Education) (CPA AfDB)

191
Welfare Services (Health & Education) (IRAI WB)
This variable assesses the national policies and public and
private sector service delivery that affect access to and quality
of health and education related services. This includes two
components: (a) health, including population and reproductive
health, and nutrition as well as the prevention and treatment
of communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS, TB and malaria;
and (b) education, training and literacy programs, and Early
Child Development (ECD) programmes, including both formal
and non-formal programmes (which may combine education,
health and nutrition interventions) aimed at children aged 0-6.
Indicator Name at Source Building human resources
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
This variable assesses the extent to which the pattern of
public expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor
and is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities.
The assessment of the consistency of government spending
with the poverty reduction priorities takes into account the
extent to which: (a) individuals, groups, or localities that
are poor, vulnerable, or have unequal access to services and
opportunities are identified; (b) a national development
strategy with explicit interventions to assist the groups
identified in (a) has been adopted; and (c) the composition and
incidence of public expenditures are tracked systematically
and their results fed back into subsequent resource allocation
decisions. The assessment of the revenue collection
dimension takes into account the incidence of major taxes
and their alignment with the poverty reduction priorities. The
expenditure component receives two thirds of the weight in
computing the overall rating.
Indicator Name at Source Equity of public resources
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Equity of Public Resource Use
Equity of Public Resource Use (CPA AfDB)

192
Environmental Policy (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which environmental
concerns are effectively taken into account in both macro
and microeconomic terms. It considers the extent to which
externalisation of costs or inadequate time horizons are
avoided or restrained by environmental regulation. In
macroeconomic terms, it assesses whether tax and energy
policies take ecological goals and measures into account
(e.g. promotion of renewable energies, CO2 reduction goals).
In microeconomic terms, it assesses whether the government
sets incentives for environmentally sound consumption and
investments to households and companies. A deeply ingrained
awareness of the environment or nature in society may serve
as a functional equivalent.
Indicator Name at Source Environmental policy
Time Series
methodology/
This variable assesses the extent to which the pattern of public
expenditures and revenue collection affects the poor and
is consistent with national poverty reduction priorities. The
expenditure component consists of two sub-components, one
focusing on measurement issues and the other with priorities
and strategies, especially those related to the poor and
vulnerable groups. The assessment of the revenue collection
dimension covers the incidence of major taxes, the extent
to which progressive changes have been incorporated in the
revenue system and the degree of alignment between revenue
collection and poverty reduction priorities. The three sub-components
are equally weighted.
Indicator Name at Source Equity of public resource use
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Equity of Public Resource Use (IRAI WB)

193
This variable assesses the extent to which environmental
policies and institutions foster the protection and sustainable
use of natural resources and the management of pollution.
Indicator Name at Source Policies and institutions for
environmental sustainability
World Bank
Time Series
Swaziland, Tunisia.
1244163232994/6180403-
1372096800800/CPIAcriteria2013.
pdf
Environmental Sustainability
This variable assesses the extent to which environmental
policies foster the protection and sustainable use of natural
resources and the management of pollution. This includes
the existence of an environmental policy framework and
Environmental Impact Assessment legislation, and it addresses
specific issues such as deforestation, protected areas, water
use, access to safe water, access to sanitation, air pollution in
major cities and ratification of global treaties.
Indicator Name at Source Environmental policies and
regulations
None.
Time Series
Questionnaire.pdf
Environmental Sustainability (CPA AfDB)
Environmental Sustainability (IRAI WB)

194
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION
Ratio of Pupils to Teachers in Primary School (UIS UNESCO)
This indicator estimates the number of pupils enrolled in
primary school divided by the number of primary school
teachers (regardless of their teaching assignment).
Indicator Name at Source Pupil-teacher ratio in primary
education (headcount basis)
Data Source UNESCO Institute for Statistics,
United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural
Organization
Libya.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.uis.unesco.org/Education/
Pages/standards-and-methodologies.
aspx
Education Provision & Quality (BTI BS)
This indicator assesses the extent to which there are solid
institutions for basic, secondary and tertiary education, as
well as for research and development. It assesses whether
education policy is successful in delivering high-quality
education and training, and research and development
receive effective support from the government. It does not
focus on expenditures alone, but also on the quality and
competitiveness of the education system and the research
sector, considering: the structure of funding and knowledge
providers (public, private and international cooperation); the
output of the educational and developmental efforts, e.g.
enrolment rates, literacy rates, percentage of people with
higher education; and number of patent applications.
Indicator Name at Source Education policy/R&D
Time Series
methodology/
Educational System Quality (GCR WEF)
This indicator assesses how well the educational system meets
the needs of a competitive economy.
Indicator Name at Source Quality of the educational system
Time Series
2013-14.pdf

195
Primary School Completion (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the percentage of students
completing the last year of primary school. It is calculated
by taking the total number of students in the last grade of
primary school, minus the number of repeaters in that grade,
divided by the total number of children of official
graduation age.
Indicator Name at Source Primary completion rate, total
(% of relevant age group)
World Bank
Libya, Somalia.
Time Series
Tertiary Enrolment (UIS UNESCO)
This indicator estimates the ratio of total enrolment,
regardless of age, to the population of the age group that
officially corresponds to the level of education shown.
Tertiary education, whether or not to an advanced research
qualification, normally requires, as a minimum condition of
admission, the successful completion of education at the
secondary level.
Indicator Name at Source Gross enrolment ratio, tertiary,
both sexes (%)
Organization
Time Series
Somalia, South Africa.
aspx
Progression to Secondary School (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the number of new entrants to the
first grade of secondary school in a given year as a percentage
of the number of students enrolled in the final grade of
primary school in the previous year.
Indicator Name at Source Progression to secondary
school (%)
World Bank
Time Series
Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Libya, Nigeria, Somalia, Zimbabwe.

196
Literacy (UIS UNESCO)
This indicator estimates the percentage of the population
aged 15 years and over that can both read and write, with
understanding, a short simple statement on his/her
everyday life.
Indicator Name at Source Adult literacy rate, population
15+ years, both sexes (%)
Organization
Djibouti, Somalia.
Time Series
aspxv

197
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HEALTH
Maternal Mortality (GHO WHO)
This indicator estimates the annual number of female deaths
from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or
its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)
during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of
termination of a pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and
site of the pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.
Indicator Name at Source Maternal mortality ratio
(per 100 000 live births) –
interagency estimates
Data Source Global Health Observatory
Database, World Health
Organization
Data Years covered by Publication 2000, 2005, 2010, 2013
Raw Data Potential Range 0-100,000
Time Series
Djibouti, Egypt, Libya, Morocco,
Seychelles, Somalia, Tunisia.
Link to Source Methodology http://apps.who.int/gho/
indicatorregistry/App_Main/view_
indicator.aspx?iid=26
Immunisation (Measles, DPT & Hepatitis B)
This variable estimates the percentage of children ages
12-23 months who receive vaccinations before 12 months
or at any time before the survey. A child is considered
adequately immunised against measles after receiving one
dose of the vaccine.
Indicator Name at Source Immunization, measles
(% of children ages 12-23 months)
World Bank
None.
Time Series
Child Mortality (CME IGME)
This indicator estimates the probability of dying between
birth and exactly five years of age, expressed as a rate per
1,000 live births.
Indicator Name at Source Under-five mortality rate
(deaths per 1,000 live births)
Data Source Child Mortality Estimates Info,
Inter-agency Group for Child
Mortality Estimation
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.childmortality.org/files_v16/
download/UNICEF%202013%20
IGME%20child%20mortality%20
Report_Final.pdf
Immunisation against Measles (WDI WB)

198
This variable estimates the percentage of children ages 12-23
months who receive vaccinations before 12 months or at
any time before the survey. A child is considered adequately
immunised against diphtheria, pertussis (or whooping cough)
and tetanus (DPT) after receiving three doses of the vaccine.
Indicator Name at Source Immunization, DPT
(% of children ages 12-23 months)
World Bank
None.
Time Series
Antiretroviral Treatment Provision
This variable estimates the percentage of eligible adults and
children who receive antiretroviral treatment therapy.
Indicator Name at Source Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
coverage based on WHO 2010
guidelines
Data Source AIDSinfo Database, Joint United
Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.unaids.org/en/media/
unaids/contentassets/documents/
document/2014/GARPR_2014_
guidelines_en.pdf
This variable estimates the percentage of one-year-olds who
have received three doses of hepatitis B vaccine in a given year.
Indicator Name at Source Hepatitis B (HepB3) immunization
coverage among 1-year-olds (%)
Organization
Time Series
Seychelles, Somalia, Tunisia.
Immunisation against DPT (WDI WB)
Immunisation against Hepatitis B (GHO WHO)
ART Provision (AD UNAIDS)

199
This variable estimates the percentage of HIV-positive
pregnant women who receive antiretrovirals to reduce the risk
of mother-to-child transmission.
Indicator Name at Source Coverage of pregnant women who
receive ARV for preventing MTCT
Data Source AIDSinfo Database, Joint United
Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
None.
Time Series
Link to Source Methodology www.unaids.org/en/media/
unaids/contentassets/documents/
document/2014/GARPR_2014_
guidelines_en.pdf
This variable estimates the sum of deaths from malaria from
confirmed and probable cases.
This variable estimates the number of deaths attributable
to tuberculosis (TB), expressed as the rate per 100,000
population.
Indicator Name at Source Number of reported malaria deaths
Organization
Time Series
Djibouti, Egypt, Lesotho, Libya,
Mauritius, Morocco, Seychelles,
Somalia, Tunisia.
Indicator Name at Source Estimated deaths due to
tuberculosis, excluding HIV
(per 100 00 population)
Organization
Time Series
Somalia, Tunisia.
ART Provision for Pregnant Women (AD UNAIDS)
Disease (Malaria & TB)
Malaria (GHO WHO)
Tuberculosis (GHO WHO)

200
that is served with open defecation sanitation, which is when
human faeces are disposed of in fields, forests, bushes, open
bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of
with solid waste.
Indicator Name at Source Sanitation facilities, national,
unimproved, open defecation (%)
Organization
Time Series
Equatorial Guinea, Libya.
method/
Access to Sanitation
that is served with an improved sanitation facility, which is
one that hygienically separates human excreta from human
contact and includes use of the following facilities: flush
or pour flush to piped sewer system, septic tank and/or pit
latrine; Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP); pit latrine with slab; and
composting toilet.
Indicator Name at Source Sanitation facilities, national,
improved, total improved (%)
Organization
None.
Time Series
method/
Undernourishment (WDI WB)
This indicator estimates the percentage of the population
whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy
requirements continuously. It measures food deprivation
based on average food available for human consumption
per person, the level of inequality in access to food and the
minimum calories required for an average person.
Indicator Name at Source Prevalence of undernourishment
(% of population)
World Bank
Time Series
Democratic Republic of Congo,
Equatorial Guinea, Somalia.
Access to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)
Open Defecation Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO)

Acronyms & Abbreviations
202
AD AIDSinfo Database
AEI African Electoral Index
AEO African Economic Outlook
AfDB African Development Bank
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AII Africa Integrity Indicators
ART Antiretroviral Treatment
ASY African Statistical Yearbook
AU African Union
BBSC Bulletin Board on Statistical Capacity
BS Bertelsmann Stiftung
BTI Bertelsmann Transformation Index
CD CountryData
CDD CDD Ghana
CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women
CME Child Mortality Estimates Info
CPA Country Performance Assessment
CPIA Country Policy and Institutional Assessment Ratings
DI Democracy Index
DPT Diphtheria, Pertussis (or whooping cough) and Tetanus
ECD Early Child Development
EIU Economist Intelligence Unit
EIUD Economist Intelligence Unit Dataset
FH Freedom House
FITW Freedom in the World Survey
FOTP Freedom of the Press Index
FVCB First Value Carried Backward
GCR Global Competitiveness Report
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHO Global Health Observatory Database
GI Global Integrity
GID-DB/SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index under Gender Institutions and Development Database
GOT Internal Displacement: Global Overview of Trends and Developments
GR Governance Ratings
HER/WSJ The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
IDA International Development Association
IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
IDPs Internally Displaced Persons
IEF Index of Economic Freedom
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IGME Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation
IIAG Ibrahim Index of African Governance
IRAI IDA Resource Allocation Index
IREEP Institut de Recherche Empirique en Economie Politique

203
ITU International Telecommunication Union
LVCF Last Value Carried Forward
MDG Millennium Development Goal
MIF Mo Ibrahim Foundation
MOE Margin of Error
MTDSG Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary General
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
OAU Organisation of African Unity
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
OPD UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database
PBAS Performance-based Allocation System
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PTS Political Terror Scale
REC Regional Economic Community
RSF Reporters sans frontières
SIA Sanctions in Africa
TB Tuberculosis
TBD Treaty Body Database
TIP Trafficking in Persons Report
UCDP Uppsala University, Department of Peace and Conflict Research — Uppsala Conflict Data Programme
UCDP UCDP Data v.4-2014, 1946-2013
UIS UNESCO Institute for Statistics
UN United Nations
UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNECA United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
UNHCR Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNOLA United Nations Office of Legal Affairs
UNPD United Nations Population Division
UNSC United Nations Security Council
US United States
USDS US Department of State — Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
VIP Ventilated Improved Pit
WB World Bank
WDI World Development Indicators
WEF World Economic Forum
WGI Worldwide Governance Indicators
WHO World Health Organization
WHO/UNICEF JMP WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation Database
WPFI World Press Freedom Index
WT/ICTD World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Database

IIAG Resources
204
To explore the 2014 IIAG further, including information
on the IIAG methodology and data sources, download
the IIAG Data Portal, Summary Report or Country Profiles
from www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.
IBRAHIM INDEX
OF AFRICAN
GOVERNANCE
DATA PORTAL
The IIAG Data Portal is an interactive
Excel-based application, available for
in-depth analysis of the results of the
IIAG, in English or French.
Summary Report
2014
IBRAHIM INDEX
OF AFRICAN
GOVERNANCE
SUMMARY REPORT
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
EXPLORE
KEY FINDINGS
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BY COUNTRY
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Country Profiles
2014
IBRAHIM INDEX
OF AFRICAN
GOVERNANCE
COUNTRY PROFILES
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
53.6
66.8
43.2
37.1
53.6
61.9
50.3
45.3
45.7
56.9
50.7
47.3
82.9
58.0
54.8
69.5
50.4
43.4
57.8
59.9
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
88.5
70.5
50.5
67.5
47.0
52.7
67.8
66.8
62.3
92.2
42.0
13.1
77.4
64.3
58.2
53.7
83.3
61.5
59.6
55.1
52.5
44.5
58.7
77.6
53.0
43.8
47.0
76.7
32.7
33.0
47.8
43.0
31.3
40.9
48.2
55.0
40.9
31.9
47.6
52.8
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
65.1
49.3
49.7
35.4
65.8
51.8
52.7
25.5
76.3
48.5
57.2
81.3
47.8
47.8
57.1
80.7
36.3
33.7
55.9
50.2
40.2
48.8
58.8
71.5
56.4
45.5
53.7
63.9
66.5
74.0
46.7
46.7
63.9
58.4
50.7
73.2
50.0
56.2
50.6
47.7
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
54.2
37.6
48.0
64.5
34.7
33.0
27.4
38.5
28.3
43.0
51.5
60.8
36.5
28.2
53.0
42.9
58.4
54.4
33.5
28.3
52.0
52.3
39.1
40.3
46.3
46.4
50.6
46.1
79.7
64.4
50.6
63.6
43.1
42.2
64.0
38.4
54.8
67.2
41.8
42.3
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
25.6
21.7
36.5
47.8
35.7
68.1
45.9
38.5
50.7
69.1
56.0
30.5
42.8
61.3
53.4
47.0
76.7
36.3
60.3
70.8
57.4
37.7
44.6
66.9
67.6
67.6
53.4
11.5
73.1
30.1
61.3
39.4
56.9
56.3
60.1
31.2
47.9
41.0
49.9
67.5
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
61.0
75.0
48.0
38.0
71.3
50.8
56.9
45.8
66.0
56.0
59.6
35.4
44.7
45.6
61.7
88.9
56.4
40.2
46.5
80.1
24.9
36.0
58.0
44.3
24.5
38.8
54.8
50.8
45.1
32.4
47.3
56.8
53.6
70.8
46.8
34.7
47.6
67.8
55.5
37.3
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8
43.9
63.8
48.2
48.4
86.8
60.7
57.8
76.3
54.3
41.0
54.7
67.4
59.2
73.2
55.0
44.9
69.8
59.5
58.4
54.7
58.0
54.5
66.0
29.7
41.2
42.8
65.9
72.9
53.4
49.7
36.4
81.7
35.0
29.1
50.0
38.8
32.3
33.1
27.9
36.8

205
Notes
The 2014 IIAG covers a 14-year data period from 2000 to
2013. This Data Report shows scores and ranks from 2004
to 2013. The full data set, all of the underlying raw data used
in the computation of the IIAG and normalised scores, as
calculated for the expressed purposes of the IIAG, are available
online at: www.moibrahimfoundation.org/iiag-downloads/.
All figures are displayed to one decimal place within this
report. For this reason, countries may appear to have the same
score, or the same change over time, but do not when decimal
places are taken into account. This is also why countries may
appear to have a change over time of -/+0.0. Countries have
been ranked and trends have been described based on the
numbers to full precision, not the rounded numbers.
Analysis of trends over time (improvements and
deteriorations) take into consideration a five-year period:
2009-2013.
Twenty-six indicators were formed by clustering a number of
underlying variables which each measure the same dimension
and come from different sources, or measure similar concepts
and come from the same source. A cluster is formed by
averaging the underlying variables (post normalisation).
Users are encouraged to consider the margins of error and
confidence intervals published alongside the overall and
category scores when analysing scores and ranks. Score or
rank comparison when differences across countries are small
should be avoided since they may reflect a statistical tie.
Following the secession of South Sudan in 2011, Sudan was, for
the first time, excluded from the IIAG. Once comprehensive
data are available for South Sudan and Sudan both countries
will be included in the IIAG.
Somalia has no underlying raw data for all indicators in the
Rural Sector sub-category and therefore is not given a score or
rank. These cases are indicated with a “.”.
Additional Country Information provided on the Country
Profile pages are not used in the calculation of the IIAG. Head
of State/Government and REC memberships are correct as of
29 July 2014.
Regional Groupings
Central Africa Cameroon, Central African Republic (CAR), Chad,
REC Groupings
Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),
Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, São Tomé & Príncipe.
East Africa Burundi, Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Rwanda, Seychelles, Somalia, South
Sudan*, Sudan*, Tanzania, Uganda.
North Africa Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco,
Tunisia.
Southern Africa Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa,
Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
West Africa Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,
Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
AMU
(Arab Maghreb Union)
Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, Tunisia.
CEN-SAD
(Community of Sahel-
Saharan States)
Benin, Burkina Faso, Central African Republic
(CAR), Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt,
Eritrea, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya,
Liberia, Libya, Mali, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria,
Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan*, Togo,
Tunisia.
COMESA
(Common Market for
Eastern and Southern
Africa)
Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC), Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia,
Kenya, Libya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius,
Rwanda, Seychelles, South Sudan*, Sudan*,
Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
EAC
(East African Community)
Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda.
ECCAS
(Economic Community
of Central African
States)
Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic (CAR), Chad, Congo, Democratic
Republic of Congo (DRC), Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, São Tomé & Príncipe.
ECOWAS
(Economic Community
of West African States)
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cabo Verde, Côte d'Ivoire,
Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia,
Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo.
IGAD
(Intergovernmental
Authority on
Development)
Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South
Sudan*, Sudan*, Uganda.
SADC
(Southern African
Development Community)
Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC), Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi,
Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles,
South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia,
Zimbabwe.
*South Sudan and Sudan are not considered in the calculation of any
average values for any groups in the 2014 IIAG.
Source for Regional Groupings: AEO 2014 (AfDB/OECD/UNDP/UNECA).
Source for REC Groupings: AUC and New Zealand Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Trade (2014). African Union Handbook.

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2014 Ibrahim Index of African Governance: Data Report

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