2014.04.29 Using GIS for public policy research slides

Using GIS for Public Policy
Research
John Cullinan
Discipline of Economics, NUI Galway
Whitaker Institute Seminar, 29 April 2014

Today
• Introduction
• What is GIS and why is it useful?
• Applications relating to public policy
• NUI Galway’s GIS Centre• NUI Galway’s GIS Centre
– Courses; software; data; expertise; etc.
• A live demonstration!
• Concluding comments

Introduction
• Lecturer in Economics at NUI Galway
– Formerly Economic Consultant with Indecon’s Public Policy
Division
• Main research interests
– Areas
• Health economics (disability; obesity; diabetes; dementia; health• Health economics (disability; obesity; diabetes; dementia; health
inequalities)
• Spatial economics (health services; higher education; recreation
activities; regional development; geographic inequalities)
• Environmental and natural resource economics (energy demand;
agricultural policy)
– Empirical Tools
• Applied econometrics
• GIS analysis

Introduction
• Aims of today’s presentation
1. To inform
• Overview of GIS and some applications
• Member of NUI Galway’s GIS Centre Committee• Member of NUI Galway’s GIS Centre Committee
2. To collaborate
• Ongoing and forthcoming projects
• Funding calls e.g. Horizon 2020, HRB, DAFM, etc.

Introduction
• Key messages
1. GIS is an increasingly valuable research tool in a
range of disciplines and inter-disciplinary
collaborationscollaborations
2. Wide range of uses for GIS
3. Significant role for GIS in helping to inform public
policy (and other) decisions

What is GIS? (1)
• A GIS is a system for capturing, storing,
checking, integrating, manipulating, analysing
and displaying data that are spatially
referenced to the earthreferenced to the earth
– Piece of computer software used to analyse
spatial data

What is GIS? (2)
• A GIS allows us to view, understand, question,
interpret, and visualize data in many ways that
reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in
the form of maps, visualisations, charts andthe form of maps, visualisations, charts and
spatial statistics
– GIS can help you to answer questions and solve
problems by looking at data in a way that is
quickly understood and easily shared

John Snow’s 1855 map of Soho (London) cholera outbreak
showing clusters of cholera cases in 1854

What is GIS? (3)
• Slightly more technically…
– Enables integration and display of various
data/information layers
– Enables editing of spatial data– Enables editing of spatial data
– Enables querying of correlations between layers
– Enables extraction of specific information
– Enables design of map layouts and visualisations
(3D movies!)

Illustrative Examples (1)
• Previous research on public policy issues
– Impact of travel distance on screening for GDM
– Socioeconomic gradients in health
– Accessibility to higher education– Accessibility to higher education
– Organic farming in Ireland
– Dietary quality and food environments
– Economic performance of towns
– Recreation sites and catchment areas

2014.04.29 Using GIS for public policy research slides

HE Participation Decisions
• Impact of geographic accessibility to higher
education
– Decision to proceed to higher education
– Where to study– Where to study
• University
• IT
• Other
– What to study
• Degree/non-degree
• Course

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-Legend
!( GeoDirectory Buildings
Road Network
County Galway
Source: GeoDirectory and data supplied under Licence No. 6155 from OSi
0 0.25 0.50.125 Kilometers

!Ï
-
Legend
!ÏRenville Forest Park
Geohouseholds
16km Service Area
Road Network
Coastline
Source: GeoDirectory and data supplied under Licence No. 6155 from OSi
0 4 82 Kilometers

Illustrative Examples (2)
• Other research on public policy issues
– Amputations in patients with diabetes
– Higher education choices
– Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest– Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
– Location of farm advisory services
– Location of services for children with autism
– Location of diabetes patients
– Antimicrobial resistance

Figure 2: Average antimicrobial susceptibility results for E. coli isolates for (a)
ciprofloxacin (left) and (b) trimethoprim (right)
(a) (b)

GIS Centre
• Roles
– Research and teaching support in GIS
– Advisory facility of GIS role in research funding
applications
– Provision of GIS training courses (staff, researchers,– Provision of GIS training courses (staff, researchers,
external)
– Provision of GIS services (geospatial database
collation, map generation, GPS surveying, …)
– Provision of GIS teaching (undergraduate;
postgraduate; continuing ed.)
– www.ryaninstitute.ie/facilities/gis-centre

GIS Centre
• Data
– Ordnance Survey Ireland GIS Data
• Licence agreement 2012 – 2015
• GIS data for research and teaching
• Permission to publish with OSI data
– GeoDirectory GIS Data
• A distinct, verified address ID for every property
• 1.87 million building locations in total
• An exact geographical location (geocode) - for every building
• 196,000 individual business addresses

GIS Centre
• Data
– Central Statistics Office Census Data
• Electoral Division
– 3,440 Electoral Divisions (EDs)– 3,440 Electoral Divisions (EDs)
• Small Areas
– 50 and 200 dwellings
– Designed as the lowest level of geography for the compilation
of statistics in line with data protection
– Small areas must nest within Electoral Division boundaries
– Small areas were used as the basis for the Enumeration in
Census 2011

GIS Centre
• Data
– Central Statistics Office Census Data
• 15 Themes
• Can be mapped by County, ED, SA• Can be mapped by County, ED, SA
Theme 1: Sex, age and marital status Theme 9: Social class and socio-economic group
Theme 2: Migration, ethnicity and
religion
Theme 10: Education
Theme 3: Irish language Theme 11: Commuting
Theme 4: Families Theme 12: Disability, carers and general health
Theme 5: Private households Theme 13: Occupation
Theme 6: Housing Theme 14: Industries
Theme 7: Communal establishments Theme 15: PC and internet Access
Theme 8: Principal status

Concluding Comments
• GIS is an increasingly valuable analytical tool
– Huge increase in availability of spatial data
– Presentation of data becoming more important
• Significant role for GIS in helping to inform public
policy (and other) decisionspolicy (and other) decisions
• GIS offers significant opportunities for
collaborative research
– Implications for upcoming funding calls
• GIS Centre at NUI Galway provides a range of
services and supports

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

2014.04.29 Using GIS for public policy research slides

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2014.04.29 Using GIS for public policy research slides