2016 team 1
- 1. Chasing The Scream ไล่ กรี๊ด Team 10: Destini Walker, Neeraj Puro, Rajeshwari Chellappan and Yashas Srivatsan
- 2. CHILD TRAFFICKING Social Issues •Poverty •Statehood Market Trends •Demand & Supply Education Porous Borders Corrupt Government Cultural Norms DRIVING FORCES BEHIND SEX TRAFFICKING IN THAILAND FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Case study on education opportunities for hill tribes in Northern Thailand. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ak216e/ak216e00.HTM Kelley, K. (2015). Patriarchy, Empire, and Ping Pong Shows: The Political Economy of Sex Tourism in Thailand. Spires, R. W. (2015). Preventing Human Trafficking: Education and NGOs in Thailand. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Liza Romanow. “The Woman of Thailand,” Global Majority 3, no. 1 (2012): 44.
- 3. SOCIAL COSTS “We cannot rely upon the silenced to tell us they are suffering.” – Hanan Ashrawi • “Silent” epidemic • Individual costs – mental distress, physical trauma, prolonged rehabilitation, stigma in society • Social costs – drug use, reproductive health, loss of potential capable man-power • Individual costs > social costs Chang, K. S., Lee, K., Park, T., Sy, E., & Quach, T. (2015). Using a Clinic-based Screening Tool for Primary Care Providers to Identify Commercially Sexually Exploited Children. Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk, 6(1), 6. Oram, S., Stöckl, H., Busza, J., Howard, L. M., & Zimmerman, C. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence and the physical, mental, and sexual health problems associated with human trafficking: systematic review. PLoS Med,9(5), e1001224. Zimmerman, C. (2014). Health and human trafficking in the Mekong. Findings from a survey of men women and children in Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam.
- 4. TARGET POPULATION Tribal People Stateless Poverty People migrating from villages to cities Support family Adolescents after schooling Gullible population Children in detention centers Human Rights violation *Refugee population as such will not be targeted as far as our program goes because we are not directing efforts towards the border issues. Garip, F. (2014). The impact of migration and remittances on wealth accumulation and distribution in rural Thailand. Demography, 51(2), 673-698 Fry, G. W., & Bi, H. (2013). The evolution of educational reform in Thailand: the Thai educational paradox. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(3), 290-319 Song, J. (2015). Human Security of Karen Refugees in Thailand. Journal of Population and Social Studies, 23(2), 214-230
- 5. CHOICE OF TARGET POPULATION • Chiang Mai Province • Tribal population – 9 minority groups comprising of 401,947 (30 June 2015) hill tribes (21 districts among total 25) • Chiang Mai city • One detention shelter • Chiang Mai University / NGOs • Occupation: Agriculture, Fish farming, Crafts/ Handiwork From www.chiangmai.go.th Safe Haven. Case Study: Thailand. UC, Berkeley, School of Law. May 2013.
- 6. Child Trafficking (Y) CONTROL VARIABLES • Borders: Porous Borders, Corrupt Border Police • Government policies: Not a stable democracy (Autocratic government, Military Rule, Monarchy, Puppet government in past 10 years) • Religion: Source of gender inequality • Domestic Violence: No real data Time Period Tribal Population (X1) Poverty (X2) Demand & Supply (X3) Detention Centers (X4) Education (X5) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Sanborn, R. D., & Giardino, A. P. (2015). Human Trafficking and Domestic Violence: Etiology, Intervention, and Overlap with Child Maltreatment.Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk, 6(1), 10 Kabilsingh, C.. (1991). Thai women in Buddhism. Parallax Press: Berkeley, California.
- 7. FACTORS ADDRESSING STRAINED RELATIONS • Gap between government policies and access to people - source • Preference of the tribal & rural population for pioneering community-based programs (Taksin Shinawatra’s election) • Statelessness is a source for agitation and insurgency FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific. Case study on education opportunities for hill tribes in Northern Thailand. Retrieved from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/ak216e/ak216e00.HTM
- 8. THREE PRONGED APPROACH • Targeting identity crisis and poverty • Lobbying policies to reduce sex trafficking • Tackling issues at detention centers
- 9. IDENTITY CRISIS AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION •Fingerprint Identification •ID cards •Integrate the cards to VRF & BAAC systems •Integrate with central markets •Explain services •Assist with application •Community leader •Trusted •Cultural acceptance Social Activist (ThaiSA) Citizenship Workshop Mobile Biometric System Micro- financing Tribal Population (X1) Poverty (X2) Demand & Supply (X3) Detention Centers (X4) Education (X5) Kaboski, J. P., & Townsend, R. M. (2012). The impact of credit on village economies. American economic journal. Applied economics, 4(2), 98 Pink, R. M. (2013). Child trafficking in Thailand: prevention and prosecution challenges. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 40(4), 163-174
- 10. POLICIES TO REDUCE SEX TRAFFICKING 1 • Changing image of tourism campaigns 2 • To collaborate with thecode.org 3 • Promoting vocational education & training after school Tribal Population (X1) Poverty (X2) Demand & Supply (X3) Detention Centers (X4) Education (X5) Ahn, R., Purcell, G., McGahan, A. M., Stoklosa, H., Burke, T. F., Conn, K., ... & Macias-Konstantopoulos, W. (2015). Innovations in Anti-Trafficking Efforts: Implications for Urbanization and Health. In Innovating for Healthy Urbanization (pp. 79-96). Springer US
- 11. DETENTION SHELTER IN CHIANG MAI • Problems: overcrowded, fragmented detention, indefinite stay, undocumented • Partnership with UNHCR, Chiang Mai University Medical College • Services: Mental health check-ups for children and adolescents • Data collection on number of children released or newly held, document their status Tribal Population (X1) Poverty (X2) Demand & Supply (X3) Detention Centers (X4) Education (X5) Safe Haven. Case Study: Thailand. UC, Berkeley, School of Law. May 2013.
- 12. Technology (in dollars) Human Capital (in dollars) Consumables (in dollars) Employee Welfare (in dollars) Academic Institutions (Research) (in dollars) ID cards (in dollars) Training & workshops (in dollars) YEAR 1 100000 195000 20000 10000 20000 400000 20000 YEAR 2 10000 198000 20000 10000 20000 YEAR 3 10000 210000 20000 10000 20000 YEAR 4 10000 240000 20000 10000 20000 YEAR 5 10000 270000 20000 10000 20000 Total 140000 1113000 100000 50000 100000 400000 20000 1,923,000 BUDGET
- 13. TIMELINE IDENTIFICATION OF AREAS AND TRIBES WITH HELP OF LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES, SELECTION OF THAISA AND THEIR TRAINING WORKSHOPS, COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND ENROLLMENT OF CITIZENSHIP WORKSHOPS, COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND ENROLLMENT OF CITIZENSHIP WORKSHOPS, COMMUNITY EDUCATION AND ENROLLMENT OF CITIZENSHIP PROJECT EVALUATION USING THE HELP OF UNIVERSITIES EVALUATION OF ALL ENROLLEES (300000 - 400000)
- 14. SOCIAL BENEFITS • Scalability – applicability of similar model with few modifications possible in most regions of Thailand considering the majority of rural and tribal population • Sustainability – creating sustainable societies through microfinancing • Health outcomes – Increased healthcare coverage through eligibility for Universal Coverage Scheme • Increase in skilled man-power Quinones, B., & Remenyi, J. (2014). Microfinance and poverty alleviation: Case studies from Asia and the Pacific. Routledge Limwattananon, S., Tangcharoensathien, V., Tisayaticom, K., Boonyapaisarncharoen, T., & Prakongsai, P. (2012). Why has the Universal Coverage Scheme in Thailand achieved a pro-poor public subsidy for health care?. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 1. Kinney, E. (2013). The Resonance of Human Security Frames in Thailand’s “War against Human Trafficking”. Gender, Violence, and Human Security: Critical Feminist Perspectives, 79
- 15. LIMITATIONS • Reach and cultural factors– remote areas require increased allocation of money, manpower and time • Confounding factors – borders, corrupt government • Stigma factors not taken into consideration – requires multi-level intervention (beyond scope of program)
- 17. THANK YOU ขอบคุณ Team 10: Destini Walker, Neeraj Puro, Rajeshwari Chellappan and Yashas Srivatsan
- 18. BASELINE DATA: • Basic data from biometric system • Total population in tribal and village regions • Number of people without citizenship status but are eligible • Number of families below poverty line • Number of children and adolescents in shelter • Number of years in confinement in shelter and health data collected by medical professionals • Number of families involved in microfinancing APPENDIX A
- 19. TARGET-SETTING METHOD • Number living BPL: • Year 2 – 2% reduction in baseline number of BPL families • Year 3 – 3% reduction, Year 3 – 4% reduction • Number of citizenship enrolment: • Year 1 – 20% increase, Year 2 – 20% increase, Year 3 – 20% increase from baseline APPENDIX B
- 20. APPENDIX C • STAKEHOLDERS: • Thailand government • Provincial offices • Tribal population • Rural population • Children and adolescents • VRF, BAAC • NGOs locally operating at Chiang Mai • Agriculture, fish farming, crafts and handiwork market • Chiang Mai University • Refugee shelter, Chiang Mai
- 21. RECOMMENDATIONS • Increase the school enrolment for children and adolescents in neighboring countries • Incentives and protection for whistle-blowers • Consider increasing years of compulsory schooling to 12 years in Thailand • Increase in professionals for mental healthcare • Increase access to benefits of being a citizen (eg: UCS) with minimal paper-work • Set limits to minimum wage Del Carpio, X. V., Messina, J., & Sanz-de-Galdeano, A. (2014). Minimum Wage: Does It Improve Welfare in Thailand? Suphanchaimat, R., Kantamaturapoj, K., Pudpong, N., Putthasri, W., & Mills, A. (2015). Health insurance for people with citizenship problems in Thailand: a case study of policy implementation. Health policy and planning, czv046. Zimmerman, C. (2014). Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Findings from a survey of men women and children in Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam
Editor's Notes
- #10: Increase in access to Universal Health Insurance so health care coverage