20+wrap+up 1
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The document outlines the tentative plan for the final exam, including multiple choice questions, definitions of acronyms and terms, short answer questions, and short essay questions. It will cover key concepts from the course like different policy approaches, the role of technology and behavior, trends in transportation, and externalities. The exam will also address problems related to air quality, energy, and climate change. Some overarching issues that may be discussed are concerns about oil supply, reasons for alternative fuels, approaches to climate change, and the severity of air pollution. The role of policy and technology in managing transportation impacts will also likely be covered.
20+wrap+up 1
- 1. Wrap Up
- 2. Tentative Plan for Final Exam 10-20 pts. 5-10 multiple choice (for VMT lectures) ~20 pts. 10 definitions of acronyms, common phrases) (eg, CAFE), with short explanations (1-2 sentences) ~30 pts. 4-6 short answers (~1 paragraph) ~30 pts. ~2 short essays (out of 3-4 choices) (<1 page each)
- 3. Final Exam Key concepts: different policy approaches; mandates vs regulations; role of technology and behavior, trends, externalities, three-legged stool, future of oil, elasticity, LCA, pricing, “if you can’t measure it you can’t manage it,” “no silver bullets” (need portfolio)
- 4. PROBLEMS Air Quality Local air quality Health impacts of pollution Energy Oil prices, costs of travel and goods transport Oil imports, security, geopolitics Climate Change Environmental, economic impacts Currently active policy area (e.g. California’s AB 32, low carbon fuel standard)
- 5. Key overarching issues • Are we running out of oil? • Why are we interested in alternative fuels? • What should we do about climate change? • Is air pollution a severe problem? • Is technology the solution to energy, air pollution, and climate problems? • How do we use policy to manage car use, and why?
- 6. Systems challenges How to transform vehicles, fuels, and mobility? Case study: Why are fuel cell vehicles arguably the most difficult technology to introduce? Why did EVs supplant FCVs as the “fuel du jour”?
- 7. Externalities • What are they? – Impacts (costs or benefits) not directly involved in an economic decision • Why do we care? – Sometimes the free market system does not fully account for all economic costs and benefits to society – This can result in socially sub-optimal results • Transportation examples: air pollution, petroleum dependence, congestion, climate change Money Consumer Firm Goods Consumption Production External impacts on others not involved in economic decision
- 8. Primary Policy Approaches to Deal with Externalities – Regulatory instruments – Government could ban (or restrict) air pollution, enforce with inspectors and lawyers – Pure market instrument (“Pigouvian” tax) – Government could tax polluters in accordance with the social costs they generate – Marketable permits – Government could issue “pollution permits,” and allow the polluters to trade them to achieve pollution reduction at lowest cost
- 9. Key policy design issues • If can’t measure it, you can’t manage it (methodological and data issues) • Role of causality—esp for AQ and climate change • Who should be made responsible for solving a problem—keeping in mind jurisdictional challenges (who’s in charge and can do something about it) • Market based approaches vs regulatory and voluntary instruments