Functional English 23. Reading Comprehension, Precis Writing. Code 0073
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The document presents a lecture on reading comprehension, highlighting its importance for education, competitive exams, and personal enjoyment. It discusses a recent political event in Pakistan involving the Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) and their strategy following a key rally. Additionally, it provides methodologies for improving reading comprehension skills, including paraphrasing and crafting titles and precis.
Functional English 23. Reading Comprehension, Precis Writing. Code 0073
- 1. Reading Comprehension Lecture No. 21 Zafar Ullah, lecturer in English zafarullah76@gmail.com
- 2. Reading Comprehension • To read clearly • To understand surface meaning • To understand deep meaning • Comprehend inference • To restate the understood meaning • To present briefly 2
- 3. Why should I Learn Reading Comprehension? To read for education To learn new things To appear in competitive exams/ job exams To get some job To seek pleasure from literature To read newspaper 3
- 4. The Dawn Editorial 7th December, 2020 THE opposition Pakistan Democratic Movement is working hard to make its final Lahore jalsa a success on Dec 13. The PML-N is the host for the event and is utilising all its resources to gather a significant crowd. It is also an opportunity for the party to flex its electoral muscles in its home base. However, the bigger question is: what after Lahore? This is where the PDM is struggling to come up with a unified strategy. As per the original plan announced at the multiparty conference earlier, the PDM is scheduled to give a call for a long march to Islamabad. However, there are numerous complications that might not make this a natural extension of the jalsa campaign. 4
- 5. Cont… JUI-F chief Maulana Fazlur Rehman is the strongest proponent for the march to Islamabad and subsequent resignations from the assemblies. Since he has already experienced a solo march last year, and sensed the impact of the event, he seems better placed to make it happen. The other PDM parties also recognise that JUI-F cadres — disciplined and hardy as they are — will be crucial for the success of the march. This gives the maulana significant leverage in terms of decision-making from this stage onwards. The PML-N leadership is also leaning towards a harder line ever since Nawaz Sharif has taken a strong position against the role of the establishment. 5
- 6. Challenges in Reading Comprehension • Difficult vocabulary • Long sentence structure • Unfamiliarity with the topic • No habit of reading • Very poor speed • No desire or motivation to read 6
- 7. Methodology • Read the paragraph once. • Read the question 1, 2 etc and find the answers from the paragraph. • Put required parts in parentheses with answer No. • Paraphrase (write in your words; take synonyms from thesaurus; keep the same idea but change words)the selected part and write as answer below the question. 7
- 8. Cont… • Follow tense of the question while answering. • Suggest a suitable title. (detail in next slides) • Write precis (1/3rd of the original text) (detail in next slides) 8
- 9. Title • Short, pithy, aphoristic, less than 9 words • Crispy • Think about titles of books, films, dramas, stories • Allusions • Poetic titles, metaphoric, song part • Modification of famous titles • Comprehensive • Covers the key idea 9
- 10. Cont… • No full stop in the title • Capitalize first letter of each word except prepositions, articles • Mostly, key idea is present in the topic sentence which is the 1st sentence of the article. 10
- 11. Sample Titles • Comparison between Democracy and Dictatorship • Introspection of Iqbal’s “Self” • Description of Beauty of Swat • Winter’s Tale • Analysis of Pandemic • Frailty! Thy Name is Woman • Beauty! Thy Name is Woman 11
- 12. Precis • Brief summary, executive summary • Bacon: “Brevity is the soul of wit.” • Count lines, 15 • Count average words in 1 line 10 • Count total words by multiplying words with lines 150 words • Write 1/3 of the total lines. 50 words • You write 7 words in 1 line, so you will write 7 copy lines. 12
- 13. Cont… • Write in your own words • Keep main ideas • Delete repetitions • Delete examples • Delete other details • Learn one word substitutions A government place where national and cultural antiques are displayed: museum 13
- 14. Cont… • Maintain continuity while they are different chunks or points, so use transitional words. • Reread to decrease word count to 1/3 rd • Do not add ideas on the basis of your thinking 14
- 15. Practice makes a man perfect. • Top 20 reading comprehension exercises for easy and difficult levels • https://www.mbarendezvous.com/easy- reading-comprehension-passages/ 15
- 16. Thanks 16