222 Unit 1 Tenses simple and continuous
- 2. THIRD PERSON (SINGULAR) The students sleep and study on Sundays. The students DON’T SLEEP and STUDY on Sundays. DO the students SLEEP and STUDY on Sundays? Yes, they do. No, they don’t. Jose visits his grandparents every weekend. Jose DOESN’T VISIT his grandparents every weekend. DOES Jose VISIT his grandparents every weekend? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS Habits/routines Things in general or things that happen repeatedly Always, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally, seldom, rarely, hardly ever, never, every day, every weekend, often, once a week, twice a week SIMPLE PRESENT
- 3. STRUCTURE Subject + verb TO BE or other verb + complement. Use verb TO BE to describe something/somebody/somewhere, or location. I am a student. (description) Karla is at home. (location) SIMPLE PRESENT OTHER VERBS They study every day. HE/SHE/IT + VERB + S/ES He washes / she drives
- 4. THIRD PERSON (SINGULAR) Students ARE EATING healthy food these days. Students AREN’T EATING healthy food these days. ARE students EATING healthy food these days? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Sebas IS EATING rice in these days. Sebas ISN’T EATING rice in these days. IS Sebas EATING rice in these days? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS Something that is happening at the time of speaking. The action is not finished. - Temporary situations. At the moment, these days, now, nowadays, currently, this week, today. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- 5. STRUCTURE Subject + verb TO BE + Verb -ING+ complement. I + AM HE/SHE/IT + IS WE/YOU/THEY + ARE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
- 6. Vicky’s father taught her to drive a car when she was 16 years old. Vicky’s father DIDN’T TEACH her to drive a car when she was 16 years old. DIDN’T Vicky’s father TEACH her to drive a car when she was 16 years old? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t. Quiteños made a fuss last month. Quiteños DIDN’T MAKE a fuss last month. DID Quiteños MAKE a fuss last month? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS Events in the past that are now finished Yesterday, the other day, the day before yesterday, ago, last … STRUCTURE Subject + verb (SIMPLE PAST) + complement SIMPLE PAST
- 7. Alvaro WAS PLAYING polo at this time last week. Alvaro WASN’T PLAYING polo at this time last week. ARE Alvaro PLAYING polo at this time last week? Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t. The girls WERE PLAYING video games when their mother arrived. The girls WEREN’T PLAYING video games when their mother arrived. WERE the girls PLAYING when their mother arrived? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS To say that somebody was in the middle of doing something ata certain time. This time last year/week, yesterday, the other day, the day before yesterday, ago, last … STRUCTURE Subject + verb TO BE (WAS/WERE) + Verb -ING+ complement. I/HE/SHE/IT + WAS WE/YOU/THEY + WERE PAST CONTINUOUS
- 8. THIRD PERSON Peter and Pam HAVE already WATCHED the film. Peter and Pam HAVEN’T WATCHED the film, yet. HAVE Peter and Pam already WATCHED the film? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Natalia HAS BEEN to Cancun. Natalia HASN’T BEEN to Cancun. HAS Natalia BEEN to Cancun? Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS There is a connection with now. - Tell experiences (no date) I have been to Egypt. - Uncompleted actions I haven’t gotten my Master’s degree, yet. - STILL, ALREADY, JUST, YET (questions/negative, EVER, IN (negative statements) (only present perfect simple) - so far, in the last week, in the last month, in the last year, in this week, ever, never, once/twice, many times, several times. STRUCTURE Subject + HAVE/HAS + VERB (PAST PARTICIPLE) + complement. HE/SHE/IT + HAS PRESENT PERFECT (SIMPLE)
- 9. Most of students HAVE BEEN LEARNING English since they were children. Most of students HAVEN’T BEEN LEARNING English since they were children. HAVE most of students BEEN LEARNING English since they were children? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Alejandro HAS BEEN STUDYING at UDLA for three years. Alejandro HASN’T BEEN STUDYING at UDLA for three years. HAS Alejandra BEEN STUDYING at UDLA for three years? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. USE TIME EXPRESSIONS - For actions that are repeated over a period of time. - Since, for, recently, lately. STRUCTURE Subject + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + Verb -ING+ complement. HE/SHE/IT + HAS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
- 10. IMPORTANT! PRESENT PERFECT & PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
- 11. LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING PICTURES AND ANALYZE!
- 12. Present Perfect Continuous PresentPerfect 1. It focuses on the activity. It’s not finished. - My hands are dirty. I’ve been repairing my bike. 1. It focuses on the result. - My bike is ready! I’ve repaired it.
- 13. PresentPerfect Continuous PresentPerfect 3. You may ask and answer these questionsin present perfect continuous: How long - How long have you been reading that book? I’ve been reading it for 2 months. 3. You may ask and answer these questionsin present perfect: How much/how many/how many times - How much of that book have you read? I’ve read 50 pages.
- 14. REFERENCES Murphy, R. & Smalzer, R. (2000). Grammar in use Intermediate (2nd. Ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press.