Free and Open Source Software

FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
----"share and share alike."

FOSS
By: MOINUDDIN AHMED
Roll No.-100-30-2005
MTECH IT, 1ST
SEMESTER
Gauhati University
ASSAM
FREE AND OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE

CONTENTS
●
INTRODUCTION
●
WHAT IS FOSS?
●
POPULARITY OF FOSS
●
LIST OF FREE AND OPEN SOURCE
SOFTWARES
●
HOW TO MAKE MONEY FROM FOSS
●
RUNNING A PROFITABLE BUSINESS WITH
FOSS

CONTENTS contd..
●
FOSS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MODEL
●
WHICH LICENSE TO USE?
●
SHORTCOMINGS OF FOSS
●
HOW TO START OR CONTRIBUTE TO FOSS
PROJECT
●
FUTURE PROSPECTS

INTRODUCTION
●
A very promising and profitable industry.
●
FORBES - 65 software companies in the 2010 edition amongst
top 2000 large companies active in all kinds of industries.
●
DataMonitor forecasts that in 2013, have a value of US$ 457
billion
●
Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft was the richest person by
selling software products.
●
The success story of Oracle . The same happened with Larry
Ellison

●
Conventional software mostly are proprietary
●
Sealed inner mechanism
●
Free and Open Source Software made with just the
opposite mindset
●
The tremendous contributions to computing, both
research and commercial projects
●
making easier for large group of people.
●
growing phase, promising future
●
In this seminar I have tried to simplify the notion of
FOSS, commercial and non-commercial projects.

WHAT IS FOSS?
●
There are two terms to separate in FOSS.
●
“Free software” is a matter of liberty, not price.
●
Freedom to
− Run (freedom 1)
− Study how program works (freedom 2)
− Redistribute copies (freedom 3)
− Modify / improvise (freedom 4)
●
“Open” mainly points to Open Source Code of the program,
available for others.
●
get software at no cost but as per license we can enjoy the above
four

●
going through phase of immense transformation.
●
Currently it is worth $60 billion
●
SourceForge.net hosts more than one million users,
involved in some way with approximately one hundred
thousand projects
●
no real geographic barriers
●
These figures speak volumes, something unique about
the philosophy of FOSS
●
Freedom, grow beyond its creators
POPULARITY OF FOSS

Popularity of Apache Web Server

Cost comparison between Microsoft and FOSS Solutions
Microsoft
Solution
Linux/FOSS
Solution
Savings
Company A: 50
Users
$87,988 $80 $87,908
Company B: 100
Users
$136,734 $80 $136,654
Company C: 250
Users
$282,974 $80 $282,894
Sources:
wikibooks.org

Global percentage of people demanding Enterprise edition software that is foss-licensed (Gartner survey)

LIST OF FOSS
●
a) List of FOSS Software that runs on Microsoft Windows, Gnu/Linux and,
in some cases, Apple Max, Unix and BSD operating systems
●
Productivity based applications
●
Wordprocessing - Open Office - http://www.openoffice.org/
●
Publishing - Scribus - http://www.scribus.net/
●
PDF Creator - Pdfcreator -
http://www.pdfforge.org/products/pdfcreator
●
Mail Client - Evolution - http://projects.gnome.org/evolution
●
Compression - 7Zip - http://www.7-zip.org/
●
Text editor - Notepat++, http://notepad-
plus.sourceforge.net/uk/site.htm
●
Financial - GnuCash - http://www.gnucash.org/
●
/

●
Internet Based applications
●
FTP - FileZilla - http://filezilla-project.org/
●
Remote connection - Vinagre - http://projects.gnome.org/vinagre/
●
Web development
●
LAMP component- EasyPHP - http://www.easyphp.org
●
General purpose IDE platform - Eclipse - http://www.eclipse.org/
●
CMS -Joomla

●
Multimedia
●
Image Editing - GIMP - http://www.gimp.org/
●
Audio Editor - Audacity - http://audacity.sourceforge.net/
●
CD Creator/Burner - Infra recorder- http://infrarecorder.org/
●
Image Viewer - http://imgv.sourceforge.net/
●
Video Editing - Kdenlive - http://kdenlive.org
●
Systems
●
Ghost - http://www.fogproject.org

HOW TO MAKE MONEY FROM
FOSS
●
1)Dual license model
●
released under a restrictive open-source license ,provide an alternative
proprietary license.
●
You have some sort of monopoly in the market leader
●
Motivation: Client likes product and needs it for commercial use. does
not want to breach the open-source license and is willing to pay
●
Open-source license: GPL suitable license to this strategy because it is
restrictive
●
Examples:
●
Mozilla Foundation has a deal-partnership with Google and other
companies
●
Apple Inc. offers Darwin for free, selling Mac OS X.
●
Red Hat offers the Fedora for free, selling Red Hat Enterprise
Linux (RHEL).
●
MySQL is offered for free, but with the enterprise version you can get
subscription, support and additional features.

2)Dual product model
●
penetrate the market by releasing an open-source product,
●
sell a different product with an extended version, plug-ins or up-
gradation.
●
Motivation: The user gets to be a part of an open-source
community process, contributes to the source and improves it.
Users purchase other related products from the project
professionals.
●
Open-source license: MIT, BSD, Apache or any other non-
copyleft license.
●
Example:
●
Eclipse and its non open source plug-ins.
●
Sun Microsystems offer OpenOffice.org for free, while
selling StarOffice.

3)Professional services model
●
This strategy requires a large base of clients
●
the product must not be simple to use
●
There is no problem implementing this strategy combined with one of the
other strategies discussed before
●
In fact it is recommended as a complementary strategy for both.
●
Motivation: We are the experts in this open-source project because we
wrote it, therefore clients would like to purchase support and other
services from us.
●
Open-source license: Any
●
Example:
●
a) JBoss itself is open source but RedHat provides a support
subscription for JBoss Enterprise Middleware with prices from around
$6000 to $110,000 per year

4) Open source bounty
●
It is a reward, usually monetary, for making positive contributions to an
open-source project.
●
Eg.BountySource
●
Motivation: there is at least someone in this world who can solve my
problem.
●
Examples:
●
Sun MicroSystems has offered $1 million in bounties for OpenSolaris,
NetBeans, OpenSPARC, Project GlassFish, OpenOffice, and OpenJDK.
●
The Google Summer of Code and the OSU Winter of Code provide
stipends to students working on open source code.
●
Mozilla introduced a Security Bug Bounty Program offering $500 to
anyone who finds a "critical" security bug in Mozilla.
●
Bounties are often used for implementing minor features, whereas
bidding and/or grants are more typically used for major features.

RUNNING A PROFITABLE BUSINESS
WITH FOSS
●
Initial research for feasibility criteria.
●
tool for strategic planning and decision support since
running a profitable business is not easy.
●
Two methods for software models
●
total cost of ownership (TCO)
●
the return on investment (ROI)

TCO
●
Direct Costs –those identified in traditional IT budgets,
including (Hardware & software
acquisition, operation and administration
costs, etc)
●
Indirect Costs – those costs generated from IT users
including (Downtime due to misuse or mistakes, end-
user operations, continuous training needs etc.)
“TCO for free and open
source projects can never be Rs.0 “

ROI
●
We need a method to measure something more important. How
much we will get in return on making an investment.
●
A simple way to look at ROI
ROI=RETURN/INVESTMENT

FOSS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT MODEL
STONE SOUP MODEL

SHORTCOMINGS OF FOSS
Lack of business applications
●
Alhough GnuCash, TurboCash do exists, basic, polished
accounting applications as good as Tally do not have FOSS
equivalents at this time.
●
Scarcity of competent people. It is rare for a software
developer to encounter, say, accounting problems.
●
Interoperability with proprietary systems
●
not entirely compatible with proprietary systems.
●
For organizations that have already paid massive amounts of
capital into proprietary applications, may prove to be prohibitive
Documentation and “polish”
●
Established FOSS lacks the user-friendliness

●
No warranties- regarding virus and performance
related issues.
●
Staff must be open source savvy-When compared
with existing proprietary systems. The cost of training
is considered as a major disadvantage when migrating

HOW TO START OR
CONTRIBUTE TO FOSS PROJECT
●
Numerous websites hosting projects
Contributing Time/Skills
●
Most open source software is built completely by volunteers (without
compensation) because they want a product that fits their needs.
●
The list of skills of contributors may seem large, but every person has different
skills to offer and your skills may be what it takes for a project to evolve. In most
cases you do not need to be a programmer to help
By adding his hands, eyes and associated skills to their project he may take project
to the next level
Product Purchases
●
As with the Membership and Subscriptions, by purchasing goods from the project's
store
Donations
●
Feel free to visit the project's home page to see if a donation link

The laymen Contributions
●
as a user can give back in a way that requires no money and
limited time.
●
by filling bug reports and recommendation so they can fix issues
and adapt the product to better fit the needs of the current users.
●
●
As you have seen from the list there are many ways to help the
community more in the long term.

FUTURE OF FOSS
●
Currently, proprietary software is king.
●
When you buy a new computer, you will be getting Windows That
is the "default choice".
●
However, it is not the only choice! Equivalents available
●
There's plenty of money in open source for commercial vendors.
Worth billions in IT world
●
but there's also plenty of opportunity for customers to build and
support their own open source derived projects.
●
Free from VENDOR LOCK-IN forever !
●
We're in the 21st Century now. customers get to decide
●
“The Customer Century.”

REFERENCES
●
www.wikipedia.org
●
www.dwheeler.com/
●
www.foss.in
●
www.oscon.com/
●
www.opensource.org
●
wwwr.oss-watch.ac.uk/
●
www.gnu.org
●
www.opensource.mit.edu/
●
Localization of FOSS by Sarmad Hussain, Pakistan
●
Open Sources Voices from the Open Source Revolution - Eric Raymond
●
Open source approaches in “Advances in Geographic Information Science”
●
O’Reilly Understanding Open Source and Free Software Licensing
●
A primer on open source software for business people and lawyers,
Stephen J. Davidson

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