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2.cognition & behaviour

ආ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ

1. The document discusses the concept of values and how values relate to cognition and behavior. It defines values as concepts that guide thinking and actions. 2. Values are discussed as important for guiding cognition, behavior, and decision-making in a positive manner. Certain values like empathy, compassion, honesty and responsibility are highlighted. 3. Positive values that promote well-being, trust and ethical conduct in society are emphasized as important to develop through education and socialization.

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02 mrspzfPAoh (02 Chapter ) idrOrAuhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`<ska m@lg jk ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ( Foundation of Cognition and Behaviour as an Value in Concept in Metta ) idrOrAu ms<snZo yeZoskajSu ( Introduction of Values ) huzlsis ixl,amhla ( Concept ) idrOrAuhla ( Value ) jkafka tlS ixl,amh uZ.ska ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl hk f; wxYfhkau uqZM uy;a ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhysu ys; iqj isKsi hf:dala; ixl,amh l@shd;aul lsrSfuz mj;sk yelshdj u;h' thska .uH jkqfha huzlsis ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jSug wksjdrAhfhkau tlS ixl,amh m@fhda.sl ;,fha mej;Su wksjdrAh njhs' ixl,amhla yqfolau idrOrAuhla fkdjSfuz fya;`j fuhska meyeos,sh'1 Tzkeu ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jk jsg tys ffcj jsoHd;aul yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul Wmfhda.S;djh i,ld ixcdkk ( Cognition ) yd prAhd ( Behaviour ) hk fCIa;@ folla hgf;a ie,ls,a,g .; yelsh' fuz hgf;a ixcdkkh yd prAhdj hk fo wxYhu idrOrAuhla ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuz oS b;du;a jeo.;a tl yd iudk jgskdluzj,ska hq;` oDIagsfldaK folls' tfukau kQ;kfhys ffcj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul mCIfhka fuz fo wxYh ms<snZoju jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla is|= lr we;s ksid b;du jsYajikSh wkaouska idOl iys;j u lreKq f.kyer oelajSfuz wjYH;djh fujeks TzkEu Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKhla iuznJOfhka w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'2 idrOrAuhla hkafkka weZ.fjkqfha l`ulaoehs meyeos,sj wrA: ksrEmKh lr.ekSu fuysoS m<uqfldgu jeo.;ah' idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka lsishuz jsreoaO fyda jsfjzpkd;aul yeisrSula fyda meje;aula fjkqjg huz ksYaps; yeisrSula fyda meje;aula iuZ. fm#oa.,sl jYfhka fyda iudcSh jYfhka tlZ.jSuls' ;j;a f,ilska wrA: olaj;fyd;a" idrOrAuhla hkq mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;a lrk fmdfydi;a lrk udkqIsl .`Kdx.hls' idrOrAu lsishuz ixialD;shlg fyda wd.ulg fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shlg fyda wkHkH fjhss' tu ixialD;sl rgdj fyda wd.usl ikaorANh fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;sh wkqj usi bka mrsndysrj idrOrAu ms<snZoj l:d lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid ksIaM, jQjls' fndfyda jsg fndfyda fokd idrOrAu iuZ.u ixialD;sh fyda wd.u fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shla fyda ms<snZojo iZoyka lrk nj olakg ,efnkafka o fuu fya;`j ksiduh' 3 30
fuz fya;`j ksidu lsishuz idrOrAuhl jshqla;;d .`Kh we;ehs lsj fkdyelsh' jshqla;;d .`Kh rys;nj hkafkka woyia jkqfha fuysoS wjOdkhg .efkk ixialD;sl iudc fyda wd.usl iSudfjka mrsndysrj idrOrAuj,g meje;aula rys;h hkakhs' idrOrAu jshqla; fohla fkdjk nejska th ksrka;rfhkau wrA:j;a jkafka lsishuz ndysr iudc mrsirhla iuZ.uh' fuz ksid tu ndysr iudc mrsirfhys wkkH;d ,CIKj,g .e,fmk f,i idrOrAu ilia fjz' huzlsis iudc mrsirhla;`<oS we.hqug ,la flfrk idrOrAuhla fyda idrOrAu ;j;a iudc mrsirhla;`<oS ta yd iudkj we.hqug ,la fkdlsrSu fyda tajd idrOrAu fkdjk nj fmkajd oSu ;`< ;yjqre jkqfha idrOrAu ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg fyda iudc mrsirfhka mrsirhg mj;akd jQ jsp,Huh fohla njhs'4 idrOrAu hkak yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk ;j;a mo fndfyduhla we;' tkuz yr" jgskdluz" mqreIdrA:" w.hka" jsksYaphka" i;a.`K" .`KOrAu yd usksialuz hkdoS jYfhks' fn#oaOd.usl ikaorANh hgf;a idrOrAu mqKH l@shd" l`i, lrAu yd l@shdis;a jYfhka wrA: oelafjz'idrOrAu ms<snZoj iZoyka lrkjsg by; olajk ,o ish,q mrAhdh kduhkaf.ka weZ.fjk wrA: idrOrAu hkafkka lshfjz'5 fjk;a f,ilska wrA:j;a l<fyd;a" wjidk js.@yh;`<oS idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka o ixl,am fjz' TzkEu ixl,amhla hkq ffcj ixcdkkhg wruqKq jk lsishuz ixfjzos;djla jYfhka olajf;d;a th ksjeros fjz' usksidg fuka u fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhkg o ixfjzokhka ;sfnz' kuq;a tjeks ixfjzokhka fnfyjska m@d:usl ugzgfuz ixfjzokhka jk w;r usksidg fuka oshqKq fyda ixjrAOkhg m;a iakdhquh l@shdldrSFjhla yd b;du jsYd, ixlSrAK jHqyhka wka;rA.; uia;sIalhla Wreu lr fkd.;a fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkayg ke;' Tjqkg fjzokdj" |=l" nsh" wdidj" wdorh" fldamh yd yqol,d iajNdjh jeks wixjrAOs; udkisl ixfjzokhka jskaokh lsrSfuz yelshdj muKla we;' th jqjo lsishuz udkisl wdfjz.hla jeks ixfjzokhla muKs' usksidg fulS ;;ajh wnsnjd lsishuz ixfjzokhla tys wdfjz.uh ia:rh blaujd ixl,amSh ;,fha isg jsZo.ekSfuz Yla;sh we;' fuh ixfjzokhkays nqoaOsuh l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska yg .;a iajNdjhls' fuu nqoaOsuh iajNdjh jvd;a ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au usksid Tyqf.a m@d:usl .;s isrs;a j,ska yd yeisrSuz rgd j,ska wE;a jS tla;rd YsIagdpdruh wjia:djlg t<fUz' fuh udkj YsIagdpdrfhys tla;rd oshqKq wjia:djla iksgqyka lrkakla fjz' l@u l@ufhka ffcj jrA.hdf.a udkj YsIagdpdruh ;;ajh f.dvkZ.d .ksuska oshqKq j;au ffcj jrA.hdf.a oshqKqj yd iqN isoaOsh wruqKq lrf.k f.dvkefZ.k tu ixl,am idrOrAu kuska yeZoskafjkakg jsh' tu ksid idrOrAuj, uQ,sl ixl,amSh ,CIKj,g wu;rj iodpdruh" ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl hkdoS jsjsO wx. ,CIK o wka;rA.;j we;' by; oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos TzkEu idrOrAuhl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl wrA:j;a njla olakg ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau hym;ah' m@;scdkd;aulh' krl idrOrAu hkqfjka woyiajkakd jQ fohla lsisfia;au ke;' fuz fya;`j ksid tnkaola .ek 31
is;Sugj;a fkdyelsh' nq|=iufha TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` jsiska fkdl< hq;` hehs oelafjk miamjq yd oi wl`i,a whym;a yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul prAhdjkag ( Negative Behaviour ) ksoiqka f,i oelajsh yel' tajd idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackh lrk nejsks' tfiau ta ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i yeZoskajsh fkdyelsh' tfiau tjeks l@shdjka is|= lsrSfuka mqoa.,dka;r yd iudc iuznJO;d nsZo oefuk fyhska TzkEu ndysr iudc miq;,hla;`<oS tajdg ysus i;H we.ehqu 6 fkdfjkiaj mj;S' m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ( Positive Values ) ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjsg uSg iuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk mZvsjre isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkau udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd .`rel`,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah' Tz,afmdgzf.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’ nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh neyerlrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i .; yel' tfiau th iajShFjh fyda fm#reIFjh f,io wrA:l:kh l< yel' iajShFjh yd fm#reIFjh hk lreKq fol .;fyd;a th fjku idlpzPdjg ,la l< hq;` ;rfuz jeo.;a ud;Dld folls' fuz ms<snZoj kQ;kfha is|= flrS we;s mrAfhaIK yd Ydia;@Sh oekqu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj" ixjrAOkd;aul ufkdajsoHdj" <ud ufkdajsoHdj" ufkda jsoHd;aul orAYkh" wOHdmk orAYkh" wdpdr jsoHdj yd orAYkh hk jsIh fCIa;@hhkays me;sr mj;shs' fuz jsIh fCIa;@hhka tllg tlla iuznJO jk w;r fuzjdfhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jkakd jQ uD;Dld fndfyda fihskau iudkFjhla Wiq,hs' 7 idrOrAu hk jok bx.@sis NdIdfjz Values hk wrA:fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s tlls' tys idudkH wrA:h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs' usksiqka w.h lrk ishZM foh idrOrAu f,i .; fkdyels nejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr .ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh' fuhska lshefjk wfkla foh kuz idrOrAu fkdjk ke;fyd;a idrOrAu f,i ie,lsh fkdyels w.hkao mj;sk njhs' fuu w.hka mqoa., jYfhka fukau idudcSh jYfhkao jsh yelsh' w.hka jkdyS huzlsis fohla iZoyd fmd|= talus;slj wdfrdamKh lrk ,oaodjQ fohls' t;`< udkqIsl nj .enzjsh yelsh' tfiau tfia fkdjsh yelso jsh yelsh' tfia jshyels w.hka idrOrAu f,i ms<s.ekSu ms<snZoj wfma .egZMjla fkdue;' .egZMj we;af;a tfia fkdjsh yels foa ms<snZojh' fuz fya;`j ksid idrOrAu w.hkaj,ska fjkalr.kakd jQ uskquz oKav ms<snZoj ld,hla ;siafia odrAYkslhka fukau ufkda jsoHdZ{hska w;ro fndfyda jsjdoiy.; wdl,am we;s jS ;snsKs'8 fuz ksid fndfyda fofkl`g idrOrAu hk jpkfha iSudj l`ulaoehs ksYaps;j jgyd.ekSu wiSrejsh' Values hk jpkfhys we;s mg,ejs,s nj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs' ‘Values hkak jsjsO iajrEmfhka js.@ylr we;'jsjsO wh th f;areuz .kafka ish oDIagsfldaKhg wkqjh' i;HjYfhka oelajqjfyd;a wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia uSg jvd ksYaps; ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdc moh w;ayer oeuSug is|=fjkq we;'’ tan@yuz udiaf,da fuhska olajd isgskafka idrOrAu hkafka wrA:h th jsjsOdrA:fhka Ndjs;d lsrSu;`<ska 32
uq,ska iZoyka l< iajrEmhg jvd w;sYhskau mqZM,a jS f.dia we; nj;a tksid thska uq,ska woyia l< wrA:hg huzlsis ydkshla is|= jS we;s nj;ah' tfukau uq,ska woyia lrk ,o wrA:h mejiSu iZoyd idrOrAu hk moh w;ayer fjk;a jpkhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuz wjYH;djh jrA;udkh jk jsg u;`j we;s njo fy;u fmkajd oS we;' 9 idrOrAu ms<snZoj tan@yuz udiaf,da iZoyka lrk fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs' ‘Values hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th fkdfhla fkdfhla wrA:fhkao jrskajr wrA: udre lruskao Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid we;sjS ;sfnk jHl~,Fjhhs'’ huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hl ksYaps; wrA:hla f.koSu msKsi jHjydr lrk ,o ;dCIK mohla thska mrsndysrj idudkHlrKh jSu ksid thska uq,ska woyia lrk ,o jsoHd;aul wrA:h .s,syS f.dia we;s nj uelaksf.a m@ldYfhka fy<sfjz' idudkHlrKShjSu idudkH jHjydrfhys mj;sk jpk iZoyd fhda.Hh'kuq|= Ydia;@Sh Ndjs;fhaoS ksYaps; wrA: f.k 10 oSu iZoyd tnZ|= jpk jHjydr l< fkdyels njg m;a fjz' tfiau ta iuZ.u wod< mofhys Ydia;@Sh mokuo jshelS hdug mgka .kshs' fuz fya;`j ksid Ydia;@Sh jHydrfhys mj;sk ;dCIK mo tys Ydia;@Sh rduqj ;`<u jHjydr jkafka kuz jvd fydZo nj fmfka' idrOrAu;`< huz jsksYaphla fyda Bg wod< uQ,sldx. we;`<;a jk w;r" tajd uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a ksjeros hym;a fyda wdYd lrkq ,nk woyia yd u;hka meyeos,s flfrA' fuu idrOrAu;`< ;on, udkqIsl ,CIK we;`<;a fjz' wm jsiska mqoa.,hkaj Tjqkaf.a idrOrAuj, mj;sk oevsNdjh u; fY@aKs.; lsrSuz l< jsg th mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s idrOrAu moaO;shla ( Value System ) f,i yeZoskafjz'11 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`f.a w.kdluz fyj;a idrOrAu tys .enzjk udkqIsl w.h u; fY@aKs.; lrkq ,nk OQrdj,shla idrOrAu moaO;shla kuz fjz' fuz Oqrdj<sh flfkl`f.a udkqIsl nj fjkiajk wkqms<sfj<g iliajkakla o fjz' udkqIsl nj wkql@ufhka uD|= yd kuHYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjla olajd mrsjrA;kh jSfuzoS idrOrAu j, ;;ajh jevs oshqKq fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh is; uD|= yd kuHYS,S njg m;alrjk ixl,amhls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEfuka idrOrAu moaO;sfhys OQrdj<s rgdj wkql@ufhka oevsNdjfhys isg uD|=Ndjh olajd mrsjrA;kh fjz' huzlsis idrOrAuhla wkql@ufhka Wiia ;,hla lrd ixjrAOkhjSu hkafkys kshdudrA:h jkqfhao tajd yels;dla fmd|= udkqIsl ;,fha msysgSuhs' mqoa.,hska;`< we;s wd;audrA:lduS nj |=re lsrSug olajk Wmfhda.S;dj idrOrAuj, Wiianjg fya;`jls' tfiau ta iZoyd bjy,ajk ixl,am mj;skafka kuz ksYaps; f,i tnZ|= ixl,am fiiq udkj wdl,am ixialrKh msKsi bjy,a jk uQ,sl Wmdx. f,i kuz l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h yd tu ixcdkk fCIa;@h weiqre fldg ixialrK l@shdj<shg ,lajk yeisrSuz rgdj fyj;a prAhd moaO;sh uZ.ska fiiq idrOrAu ixl,am fuyhjSulg ,la lrk nejz meyeos,sju fmkS hk lreKls' mqoa.,hka ish,q fokdgu idrOrAu moaO;shla jsiska ksrAudKh lrkq ,nk idrOrAu OQrdj,shla fyj;a ugzguz iuQyhla we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid mqoa.,hka;`< idudkHfhka oel.; yels us;@Fjh" wkqluzmdj" mfrdamldrh" fifkyi" wdorh jeks .`Kdx. idrOrAu f,i oelajsh 33
yel' jsjsO udkj wdl,am flfrys fuzjdfha we;s idfmaCI jeo.;alu u; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iuzmrAlh ,nkakd jQ idrOrAu moaO;sh yZ|=kd.; yelsh'12 fujeks udkqIsl .`Kdx. nsys jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa., uki fnfyjska uD|= yd kuHYS,S fjkilg nZ|=ka lrk ksidh' ;ud fukau wkqkao tl yd iudk fmd|= cSjk whs;sjdisluz N`la;s jsZoshhq;` nj jgyd .ekSug fuz ksid yelshdj ,efnz' wfkl`;a iFj jrA.hd ;udf.a m@fhdackh msKsi nsysj we;s fuj,uz fkdj ;ud jeks ;j;a wfhla f,i yZ|=kd .ekSug;a wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a fuuZ.ska wjldY ie,fia' fuu idrOrAuj, we;s jeo.;alu ( Importance of Values ) ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nsysjk idrOrAu ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu fuu mrspzfPaofhys oS is|= flfrA' idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a wdl,am" wNsfm@arKh" ixcdkkh ( ixcdkkh ) wdoS l@shdj,Ska iZoyd uQ,sl w;a;sjdru oukq ,nhs' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` fu;a;d ixl,amhg wkq.; jk jsg tlS mqoa.,hd jsiska idudkHfhka fiiq mqoa.,hka iuznJOfhka oelajsh yels fyda oelajsh hq;` fyda prAhd rgdfjz ( Behaviour ) jsjsOFjh tlS ixl,amh isf;ys 13 jrAOkh jS we;s wdldrh wkqj ;SrKh fjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS we;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdj tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS fkdue;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdjg jvd fydZo hehs ;rAl lsrSug fyda is;d .ekSug W;aidy .kq ,nhs' tys m@;sM,hla jYfhka fuu idrOrAu hkak wruqKq .; fyda ;drAlsl tlla jYfhka wmg oel .ekSug mqZMjk' idudkHfhka idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkkhg ( Cognition ) yd prAhdjg n,mEuz lrkq ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau ixcdkk ( ixcdkk Cognition ) yd prAhd" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S iy iudc hk mokuz mylska iukajs;h. fuu mokuz mfyka ixcdkk yd prAhd moku hk idrOrAu mokuz fol yd tys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj wfkHdakH jYfhka iuznJO lr fuu mrspzfPAofhys oS idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' fuu fojk mrspzfPAofhys oS wm n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZo wjYH ia:dkj, oS cSj jsoHd;aul mCIhg keUqre jQ;a mqZM,a yd .eUqre odrAYksl js.@yhla is|= lsrSugh' ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ixcdkkh lsrSu" ixl,amkh lsrSu" yZ|=kd.ekSu yd ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek .ekSu wdoS ikaksfjzokh iuznJO udkisl l@shdj,sh nj uSg fmr idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkq ,ensKs' fuz mrspzfPAofhys oS fuu udkisl l@shdj<sh yd tlS udkisl l@shdj<sh weiqfrka mekkZ.sk prAhdj, jsjsO ,CIK ms<snZoj fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<j ijsia;rd;aulj idlpzPdlrkq ,nhs' tysoS odrAYksl lreKq fukau ufkdajsoHd;aul lreKq ms<snZojo ;`<kd;aulj i,ld ne,sh yelsh' tfukau tlS ufkda jsoHd;aul lreKq iZoyd miqnsuz jQ cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ms<snZoj o .eUqrska wjOdkh fhduq 14 lrkq ,nhs' 34
ixcdkkh hkq cSjshd jsiska fN#;sl f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSuh' wm ndysr f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka lruq' oelSu" weiSu" wd>@dKh wdoS jYfhks' fuysoS ufkdajsoHdfjys wruqK jkafka ndysr f,dalh ixcdkkh lrk wdldrh ms<snZoj i,ld ne,Suh' prAhdjdoSkaf.a ksrAjpkh wkqj ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhka w;r mj;sk fjki yZ|=kd .ekSuhs'15 ixcdkkh ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuka ufkdajsoHdjg we;s m@;sM,h l`ulao hkqfjka weish yelsh' ixcdkkh wmf.a prAhdj flfrys uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' cSjshd yeisfrkafka ndysr f,dalfhka ixfjzokh jk W;af;ackhkag wkqjhs' tu ksid ixcdkkh ms<snZoj yeoErSu jeo.;a fjz' ixl,am ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS fuu ldrKh w;HjYH jkafka huzlsis ixl,amhla wruqKq fldgf.k we;sjkakd jQ ix{djka cSjSka jsiska .@yKh lr.kq ,nkafka ixcdkk l@shdj<sh uZ.ska jSu ksidhs'16 fu;a;d ixl,amh wjYHfhkau iduQysl nj flaJ|@fldg f.k f.dvkeZ.S we;a;ls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au iduQyslFjh ms<snZo yeZ.Suo cSjshd ;`<g ksr;`re msjsfia' cSjSkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh fiiq cSjSka o iuZ. iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .; lsrSu jk nejska hf:dala; iduQysl osjs fmfj; iuZ.s iuzmkakj .; lsrSfuys,d fujeks ixcdkk uy;a fia WmldrS fjz' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu prAhd rgdj ixialrKfhys,d .egquz yd wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk udkj iudchg wjYHfhkau jeo.;ah' ixcdkkfhaoS wms jsiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;` tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz wjOdkhhs' W;af;aclhkaf.a fjki yZ|=kd .ekSfuzoS cSjshdf.a wjOdkh n,mdhs' huz W;af;ackhla wjOdkfhka f;drj mj;S kuz th ixcdkkh jkafka ke;' ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhla wjOdkhg ,lajSuh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ uD|= iajNdjh" cSj ys;jdoSnj" tald.@;djh jeks lreKq ksid is; mSvdjg m;a lrk" jsh<s is;sjs<s wnsnjd tuZ.ska is;g iykhla ,ndosh yelsh' isf;ys iajNdjh kuz ksrka;rfhkau jsjsO ixcdkkhkaf.ka hqla;j mej;Su jk w;r tjeks ixcdkkhkaf.kao fu;a;d ixl,amh lemS fmfkkafka tys mj;sk by; lS jsfYaI ,CIK ksid nejska ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys oS m@uqL;u wjOdkhg th md;@ jkafkah' fuu wjOdkh .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;h' wjOdkfhys tla;rd uOH ,CIhla mj;S' fuh kdNsh hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs' mrsirh ;`< mj;sk W;af;aclh kdNsh fjhs' wjOdkh yd iuznJO B <Z. fldgi kuz Wmdka;hhs' Wmdka;h hkq W;af;aclh jsp,kh jkakd jQ iSudjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd jQ l@shdj<sh wdruzNfha oS ixcdkkh lsrSfuz myiqj ;ld huz huz iSudjka Tiafia muKla ixcdkk jmirsh iSud lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au wkql@ufhka fuu jmirsh mqZM,a lrkq ,nk w;r iSudjka ish,a, w;sl@uKh lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuz l@shj<sh werfUkafka uu hk iSudj flaJ|@fldgf.k nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo wjOdkfhys uOH ,CIHh jk kdNsh uu hkak f,i oelajsh yelsh' tjsg W;af;aclh jkqfhao uu hkakhs' ish,q iFjhka fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh m;`rjkq ,nkafka uu hkak idfmaCI fldg f.k nejska uu hkak flaJ|@h f,i .ekSfuz wjYH;djh meyeos,s fjz' fuu kdNsh yd Wmdka;h w;r jsjsO wjia:djka wms ixcdkkh lruq' iuyr 35
wjia:dj,oS wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia fjhs' fufia wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia jSu idOl rdYshla u; is|= fjz' fulS idOl m@Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yelsh'17 tkuz ndysr yd wNHka;r hkqfjks' fuhska ndysr idOl ms<snZoj m<uqfldgu ie,ls,a, fhduq lruq' funZ|= tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz ( intensive ) ;Sj@r;djhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl ;Sj@;dj wkqj ixcdkkh (intensity cognitive) f.dv kefZ.a' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sj@;dj kuz fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd ;Sj@ f,i wfkl`;a foa tlg neZo ;nd.kakd (intensity factor) ixl,amhla f,i l@shd;aul jSuhs' tfukau iFjdruzuKhka wruqKq jYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk nejska tlS wruqK cSjS iajNdjfhka mej;Su wksjdrAh fjz' fuu wruqK wcSjS jqjfyd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh tla;rd ugzgulska Tnzng oshqKq l< yels fkdfjz' fyj;a ;Sj@ f,i Ndjs;d l< fkdyelsh' ;j;a idOlhla kuz jsYd,Fjhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl mj;skakd jQ mqZM,anj ksid fiiq ixl,amhka w;rska jvd;a wjOdkhg ,la fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdruzNfha oS uu flaJ|@fldg .;a; o jv jvd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au uqZM uy;a jsYajfhau we;a;d jQ il,jsO cSjSka ish,q fokdu wruqK jYfhka fhdod .efkk ksid th fnfyjska mqZM,a ixl,amhls'18 jsYd,Fjh yereKq fldg m@fNaokh o ndysr idOlhla fjz' m@fNaokh hkq iqmqre|= W;af;ack w;rg wZM;a W;af;ackhla meusKSuhs' idudkH ixl,amj,g jvd is;g iykhla Wodlrkakd jQ ixl,amhla uZ.ska we;sjkakd jQ W;af;ackh ksid tlS ixl,amh jvd;a myiqfjka ixcdkkh jsh yelshs' tfukau huzlsis ixl,amhla jsjsO iajrEmj,ska hqla;j ixcdkkh jSug i,iajhs kuz tlS ixl,amh ukdj .@yKh lr.kq ,nk nj o fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tla tla wdldrj,ska yd iajrEmj,ska jvk wdldrh jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r fjz'19 tys jsia;r lrkakd jQ jsjsO l@uhka tlu fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd myiqfjka ixcdkkh lsrSug ieliqKd jQ jsOs l@uhka fjz' tkuq;a tla tla jsOsl@uhkays wjidk mshjfrys ta l@u ish,af,ysu ftlHhla f,i iSud iuzfNaoh bj;a lr fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd;a mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ixcdkkh l< hq;` whqre olajd ;sfnz' ixcdkkh msKsi wjYH lrk ;j;a ndysr idOlhla kuz mqkrdjrA;khhs' mqkrdjrA;kh lsishuz W;af;ackhla kej; kej; olakg ,efnzkuz tlS W;af;ackh flfrys jevsfhka wjOdkh fhduq fjhs' lsishuz ixl,am iuQyhla w;rska jsfYaIs; ixl,amhla nyq,j Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid mqkrdjrA;kh jk jsg th mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjOdkhg yiq fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuzoS Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka th jv jvd;a nyq, jYfhka mqre|= mqyqKq lrk f,ihs' fuhg wu;rj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys o wka;rA.; iqj myiq iajNdjh iFjhd kej; kej;;a tu ksus;af;ys /ZojSug fya;`jla fjz' fuh yereKq jg p,kh o ndysr idOlhls' lsishuz ixl,amhl prAhd ,CIKj, wka;rA.;h wkqj p,k .`Kh wOsl;r fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; prAhd ,CIK wfkla ixl,amj, prAhd ,CIKj,g jvd wOsl;r nejska jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk l@shdj<sh msKsi wjOdkhg fhduq fjz' fuzjd w;rska wdorh" fm@auh" ohdj" fifkyi" mfrdamldrh" us;@YS,S yeisrSu" iudcYS,SFjh" iudc fiajh" iduQyslFjh" iudcdkqqfhd.Snj"ukqIHFjh" YsIaG iuzmkaknj" wdpdrYS,Snj" ;Hd.YS,Snj" 36
kuHYS,Snj" iykYS,SFjh" iycSjkh yd ifydaorFjh jeks usksfila ;j flfkl`f.a |=lg msysg jSug n,mdk tfukau l@shdldrSFjh fya;`fldg f.k ndysrska o jsoHudk jk m@n,;u lreKq jvd myiqfjka mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ixcdkkh lr.kq ,efnz' fuzjd mqoa.,hdf.ka ndysrj mj;sk nejska ndysr idOl jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz'20 wfkla idOl jrA.h kuz wNHka;r idOlhs' wNHka;r idOl w;r m@n, idOlhla kuz fm@arKhhs' wmf.a uQ,sl fm@arKhka yd iuznJO W;af;acl myiqfjka wjOdkhg ,la fjz' wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh wmf.a uQ,slu fm@arKhla f,i oelafjz' wdoS ld,Sk udkjhdf.a mgka jrA;udk oshqKq iudc.; udkjhd olajd ;ukaf.a fulS wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh hk uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi udkjhd ;ksj yeisrSfuka je<lS f.da;@ jYfhka ixjsOdkh jS l@shdl< wdldrh udkj jsoHdj jeks jsIhhkays meyeos,sj wOHhkhg md;@ fjz' f.da;@sl iudchkays mgkau iudc.; udkj lKavdhuzj,g iduQysl nj w;HjYH jkakls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuzoS udkjhdf.a fulS uQ,sl fm@arKh jk wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh Tyqg ,efnk nejska jvd;a myiqfjka yd ksrdhdifhka ixcdkkh is|= fjz' ;j;a wNka;r idOlhla kuz wfmaCIdjhs' wm jevsfhka wfmaCId lrk foa myiqfjka wjOdkhg ,la fjz' ixcdkkfha oS uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jk fuu wjOdkh tla;rd wkaoul wmf.a uOH iakdhq moaO;sh iy fud<h jsfYaIfhka kshqla; jS we;s W;af;aclh myiqfjka wjOdkhg yiq fjz' uOH iakdhq moaO;sh tla W;af;aclhla flfrys kshqla; jQ jsg wfkl`;a W;af;acl ms<snZoj fud<h lrd mKsjqv f.khdu wekysgS' fufia n,k jsg ixcdkkh flfrys YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh n,mdk nj fmfka' 21 wNsOrAufhys iZoyka jk w;s iQCIu ps;a; ffp;isl jsNd.h uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms,snZo nq|=iuh olajk ,o w;s uy;a ie,ls,a, ksrEmKh fldg oelafjz' ishZM udkisl .;s iajNdjhka w;s iQCIu f,i jrA.SlrKh fldg nq|=iuh ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj jsia;r lrkq ,nhs' tysoS wdh;k" Od;`" jsZ[aZ[dK jYfhka ukfiys ndysr wruqKq .ekSfuys l@shdj,sh ixcdkk oDIags fldaKfhka ukdj iQCIau f,i jsYaf,aIKh fldg f;areuz .ekSug yd tu f;areuz .ekSu bjy,a fldgf.k i;Hh wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiqjk whqrska jsia;rd;aulj wrA: olajd we;' ixcdkkh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sfhys tla;rd wdldrhl ixjsOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efnz' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a ndysr f,dalfhyss mj;sk W;af;ack wms ixcdkkh lrkafka lsishuz wdldrhlg ixjsOdkd;aul njlska hqla; W;af;ack jYfhkah' fmfkk W;af;acl" wefik W;af;acl" oefkk W;af;acl" wd>@dKh jk W;af;acl yd ri jsZsosk W;af;acl jYfhka fuz ish,q wdldr jQ W;af;ackhkag ixjsOdk rgdjla ;sfnz' ixjsOdkd;aul Ndjfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq iuhjdohkays jsia;r flfrkakd jQ fuhg iudkFjh .kakd fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd mrsmQrAK iajNdjhlska hqla; jSu fya;`fldg f.k jvd;a myiqfjka yd jvd;a ;Sj@ f,i mqoa., uki flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula l< yels W;af;aclhla jYfhka yZ|=kd .ekSug fuz wkqj ms<sjk' fu;a;d 37
idrOrAufhys ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hg;g .efkkafka fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh yd fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk wdldr yd wjia:d oek.ekSu hk lreKq ms<snZoj flfrkakdjQ idlpzPdjhs' fu;a;d idrOrAufhys ixcdkk me;slv hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao by; oelafjk ixcdkk mokuh' fuysoS idlpzPdjg .efkkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo ukfia we;sjk jspdr mQrAjl woyi ixcdkk moku f,i ie,fla' uQ,slju fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu th l@shd;aul l<hq;` yd l@shd;aul l<yels wjia:d nqoaOsuh jYfhka jsurAYkhg ,lalsrSu ;`<ska jv jvd;a by< nqoaOsuh ia:r hgf;a tu ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz wjia:d Wodfjz' fuh fpz;kdj yd noaO jQ jevms<sfj,ls' fpz;kdfjz jsjsOFjh wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amfha Ndjs;h jsjsOjk whqre fuu mrspzfPAofhaoS .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,laflfrkq we;' prAhd moku ( Foundation of Behaviour ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo wdpdr jsoHd;aul m@ia;`;hhs' fuz hgf;a idrOrAuh iuznJO wod< yeisrSuz rgdj wOHhkh lrkq ,efnz' huz wjia:djloS l@shdl< hq;` ksjeros wdldrh l`ulaoehs jsksYaph lsrSfuzoS mdol lr.kafka idrOrAuhs' fuh iodpdr jsksYaph ( Moral Judgement ) f,i yeZoskafjzz' fuz wkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz' fuz ksid prAhd moku hg;g wdpdr jsoHd;aul yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu ms<snZo jQ jsYaf,aIKhka wka;rA.;h' idrOrAuhla yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidk jYfhka l@shdfjka m@ldYs; prAhdjls' mqoa., prAhdj ms<snZoj fndfyda lreKq prAhdjdoh ( Behaviour ) ms<snZoj yeoerSu uZ.ska o; yelsh' prAhdj fukau uki o ksrSCIKh l< yels yd ueKsh yels fohla nj jrA;udkfhysoS ms<sf.k yudrh' jsfYaIfhka mdrfN#;sl jsoHdZ{hska fujeks wdl,am or;s' udkisl wdl,am ueKsh yels l@uh f,i Tjqka jsiskau bosrsm;a lrk prAhdj mdol lr.;a; o fu;a;d ixl,amh hk ufkda .;sl iajNdjh ke;fyd;a ixcdkkuh W;af;ackh uZ.ska usksia udkisl iajNdjfhys ie,lsh hq;` Okd;aul fjkila fyj;a m@jrAOkhla fmkakquz lrkq ,nk nj m@;HCI jYfhkau o; yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska usksia ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@hg is|= l< yels n,meu wOHhkh lrkq ,nkafka fujka miqnsula mdol lrf.kh' YS, YsCIdj prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzohla f,i;a ksrAjdK.duSFjh lrd hk l@usl jevmsfjf<ys mQrAj m@;smodjla f,i;a nq|=iufhys wrA: olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a udkisl miqnsug prAhdj uZ.ska n,meula l<yels nj ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;' fuz woyi uZola |=rg YS, YsCIKh iuznJOfhka nq|=iufhys js.@y jk woyi iuZ. iuSm iuznJOhla fmkajhs' fuhska m@lg jk jeo.;a lreK kuz ufkdajsoHdZ{hska jsiska prAhd ixcdkkh kSrAKh lsrSfuys,d jeo.;a idOlhla fldg .kq ,enQfjz tys ksrSCIK Yla;sh .enzjSuh' fmros. ufkdajsoHdj huz mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkk fCIa;@h iDcq f,iu ksrSCIKhg yd mrSCIKhg Ndckh lsrSug;a ta uZ.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;`re msgsjy,a lrf.k th Ndjd;aul mCIfhys ixjrAOkhg yd Okd;aul ixialrKhkag fhdod .ekSug yels ;rfuz oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;sks' 38
fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj fmros. woajs;Sh oekquz iuq|=r;`< uq|=ka u,a lvla f,i b;du;a by< ia:dkhl jecUqks' jsjsO jsIhhkaf.ka fmdaIKh ,nuska l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkh fjuska mej;s fmros. pska;lhska jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o jsjsO ufkdajsYaf,aIKhkays jsjsO wvqmdvq |=r,d ta fjkqjg uekjska wdfoaY l< yels mrsmQrAK yd wx.iuzmQrAK l@ufjzohla fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj jsiska f,djg odhdo lrkq ,ensK' fmros. oekquz moaO;sh oshqKq jSug n,mEfjz tys wvx.` odrAYksl mCIfhys jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz ksrka;rfhka is|= jSuh' tu w;aoelSuz iDcq f,iu ixcdkk l@shdj<sh jsjsO f,i Ndjs;d lruska is|= lrkq ,nk m@jrAOkd;aul m@;HCIlsrSuzh' tu m@;HlaI wjfndaOhka jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz weiqrska f.dv keZ.S mej;sK' ta ;;ajh hgf;a fmros. ufkdajsoHd fCIa;@h ;`< huzlsis ixl,amhl ixcdkk w;ayod ne,Suz yd m@jrAOkd;aul Ndjs;d lsrSuz ksrSCIKh lsrSfuys,d wx. iuzmQrAK yd mrsmQrAK fidhd.ekSula f,i ie,flk fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdfjz ixcdkk moku iDcq ksrSCIK lsrSuz uZ.skau ta ms<snZo ish,qu f;dr;`re ,nd .; yels ugzgfuz oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k ;snsKs' tmuKla fkdj ;ukag wjYH wdldrfha ps;a; oshqKqjla yd prAhd ixjrAOkhla we;s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk wdldrfhka wjia:dfkdaps; ixl,am ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d flfia Ndjs;hg .kafkao hk lreKq ms<snZoj fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj Wkka|=jla olajd ;snsKs' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk l@shdj<sh yd tlS ixcdkk l@shdj<shg iu.duSj prAhd mCIfhka mqoa.,fhla ,nd .kakd iqjsfYaIS l`i,;d yd yelshdjka fudkjdoehs hkak;a iDcq ksrSCIKhka ;`<skau jgyd.ekSug ;ruz oshqKq ;,hl fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj mj;akd nj wjsjdos;h'22 prAhdjdohg wh;a lreKq uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk jSu yd iduQysl yeisrSuz rgdfjz ixjrAOkh flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq ,nk wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs' wk;`rej fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd moku hgf;a tys wdpdr jsoHd;aul miqnsu ms<snZo jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz.fuhg wh;a jkqfha we;a; l:d lsrSu" wkqkag Wojz lsrSu" jsYajdih /lSu" iudc m@;sudk lv fkdlsrSu ( mxpYS, m@;smodj )" fmdfrdka|= bgqlsrSu" iduQysl j.lSfuka hqla;j l@shdlsrSu" wkHhkag iyfhda.h oelajSu" bjiSu" ;ekam;a iajNdjh" iudkd;au;djh" uD|= fudf<dla nj" wk;sudkS nj yd wdpdrYS,S mej;`u hk lreKqh. ;@smsgl idys;Hh ;`< wka;rA.; nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska ish Y@djlhkag wkq.ukh fldg l@shdjg kZ.d ;ud jsiskau mila lr .kakd f,i kshu lr jod< ldh luzu yd jpS luzuhkag wod< ish,qu l`i,.duS yd mqKH.duS lreKq prAhd mokug wka;rA.; fia oelajsh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl` jsiska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk prAhd oshqKqj m@ldYhg meusfKkafka iS, YsCIdfjks' iS, YsCIdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj wOHhkh wdpdr jsoHdjg wh;ah' tfiau prAhdj wOHhkh lrkqfhao wdpdr jsoHdj uZ.sks' tu ksid prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsYaf,aIKfhoS wdpdr jsoHd;aul iajrEmfha js.@yhla fuu phH!d;aul fldgig wka;rA.; lr ;sfnz' jsY`oaOs udrA.h fn#oaO ixl,amhkays ixcdkk yd prAhd moku u;` lrk legm;la fia .sKsh yelsh' thska uQ,sl mshjfrys isg wjidk mshjr olajd l@udkQl~, f,i jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska wjYH lrk ixcdkk l`i,;dj 39
,nd .kafka flfiao hk lreKhs' tfiau tfia ,nd .kakd ,o ixcdkk l`i,;djh Wmfhda.S lr .ksuska wjYH lrk prAhd oshqKqjg m;a jk wdldrh o tys uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' fuys oS jsY`oaOsudrA.h wOHhkh uZ.ska wdpdr jsoHdj yd wOs wdpdr jsoHdj ms<snZoj fmr wmr foos. odrAYksl u;hkag wkql~,jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAufhys .enzjk wdpdr jsoHd;aul ikaorANh yd ixcdkk fCIa;@h .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,lalsrSu yd t;`<ska nq|= oyu ;`< wka;rA.; jsoHd;aul pska;kh uekjska yZ|=kd.ekSu l< yelsh' fuysoS wdod< odrAYkslhkaf.a kHdhhka iuZ. fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aul f,i jsYaf,aIKh flfrkafka fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`< wka;rA.; odrAYksl yd kHdhd;aul nj meyeos,sj m@lg lsrSu msKsih' tfukau jevs |=rg;a fulS jsIhhka ms<snZoj mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhys fhfokakl`g th jeo.;a jsh yels fyhsks' prAhdmoku iZoyd jskh msglhg wh;a lreKq;a ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) iZoyd iQ;@ yd wNsOrAu msglhkays wka;rA.; iQ;@ foaYkd;a Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnz' md,s ixialD; yd bx.@Sis NdIdjkag wu;rj fjk;a NdIdjkaf.ka rps; ;@smsgl yd wjfYaI uQ, .@J:hkays wka;rA.; f;dr;`reo fuz iZoyd Ndjs;hg .; yelsh' idrOrAu ms<snZo jsoHd;aul moku ( Scientific Foundation about Values ) idrOrAu jkdyS udkj ixcdkk ( The Field of Cognition ) fCIa;@hg jsIh jkakd jQ ixl,amhkah ( Concepts )' huzlsis ixl,amhla ixcdkkh jkafka flfiao hk lreK uekjska wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska udkjhka i;`jk iqjsfYaIS idrOrAu yZ|=kd.ekSug WmldrSfjz' idrOrAu cSj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yg .kafka flfiaoEhs jgyd.ekSug tnZ|= wOHhkhka ukd msgsjy,ls' iEu iFj jsfYaIhlgu Wreu iqjsfYaIS .;s,laIK we;' usksid we;`ZM jdkr jsfYaIhkag wh;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha cSjSkagu muKla iqjsfYaIs; .;s,laIK ksid udkj jrA.hd fjk;a i;aj jsfYaI w;rska fjkalr myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; yel'ta ms<snZoj jsjsO mrAfhaIK is|=lr we;'fud<fha taiZoydu fjkajQ ffi, jsfYaIhla o udkjhd we;`ZM fjk;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha i;aj jsfYaIhkag Wreu nj fidhdf.k ;sfnz'udkjhkaf.a fud<fha tnZ|= ffi, m@udKh fiiq m@hsfugdjkag idfmalaIlj by< w.hla .kshs' funZ|= lreKq ksid udkj idrOrAu iqjsfYaIs;dj ms<snZoj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukj,g ;rAldkQl~,j meusKSug ixcdkk fCIa;@h cSj jsoHd;aulj yeoErSu b;d m@fhdackj;ah' fu;a;d keue;s idrOrAuh o tla;rd wdldrhl ixl,amhls' ixl,am iFjhka;`<g m@fjzY jkafka ixcdkkh keue;s cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh ;`<sks' fuys jsfYaIFjh jkqfha fuu ixcdkkh keue;s l@shdj,sfhys cSj jsoHd;aul jgskdlula fukau odrAYksl jgskdlula o .enzjSuhs' jsfYaIfhka ngysr odrAYkslhka w;rska fndfyda fofkl` fuz ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lsrSug Wkka|= jkakg jQfha ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .enzjk fulS odrAYksl jgskdlu ksidh' Cognition hk jpkfhka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka yeZoskSu" oekSu" Wm,nzOsh" ixcdkkh" kqjK hk woyiah' ixcdkkh hkqfjka oelafjkafkao fuhuh' udkjprAhd ixialrKhg wjYH wdl,am ikaksfjzokh f,i fuu ixcdkkh hk moh 40
ksrAjpkh l< yelsh' mqZM,a jsurAYkhkays oS th wksjdrAhfhkau iSud iys; njla .ekSug 23 mqZMjk' udkj ixcdkk fCIa;@h" ( The Field of Human Cognition ) wm woyia lrkqfha ukqIH iajNdjh olajkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,ihs' wju jYfhka idudkH ukqIHhka jsiska Tjqka ienjskau fkdolskakd jQ foa ishZM foa ms<snZoju oekSula we;s lr.kq ,nkqfha fuu ixcdkk fCIa;@h ;`<sks'24 ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys mj;akd jQ fulS ishquz nj ksid tu jsIh ms,snZoj ishquz lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; hq;af;ao uD|= njska ishquz jQ is;sks' ulaksido h;a oevs jkakg jkakg isf;ys uD|= yd ishquz nj jskdY jS hk fyhsks' fldamfhka yd oafjzIfhka is; rZM yd oevs lrk w;r ffu;@sfhka is; uD|= yd ishquz lrkq ,nhs' fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au is; uD|= yd ishquz jS isf;ys nqoaOsuh .`Kh jrAOkh fjz' pska;kh" iaurKh" wdjrAckh" bf.kSu" ldjH ridiajdoh yd ;rAldkQl~,nj jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl ,laIK nqoaOsuh .`K f,i ie,fla' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSfuka uD|= yd ishquz njg 25 m;ajkq is;lg jvd myiqfjka fun|= Wiia ufkda.;sl iajNdj lrd ,Z.djsh yel' ixcdkkh iy uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj ( Cognation and early Experimental Psychology ) fuysoS jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nk jsIh fCIa;@hls' ufkda jsoHdfjz werUqu f,i t<sorjq jkqfha uSg wjqre|= ish .Kklg fmr mej;s huz jsoHd;aul YsCIKhla f,ihs' tfiau th wfkl`;a jsIhhkaf.ka fjkajQ YsCIKhla f,i mrsKduh fjuska mej;sKs' fuz wjia:dfjzoS tu jsIh ms<snZo jsIhdkQl~, wjfndaOh jevsj;au th orAYkfhka yd iudc jsoHdfjka lD;s@uj muKla fjka jQ jsIhhla njg m;ajsh' tfukau th cSj jsoHdfjka o" idudkH jYfhka fN#;sl jsoHdfjka o fjka jQjla njg m;ajsh' kuq;a th widudkH 26 isoaOdka;hla fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku yeoErSfuzoS uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj jeo.;a jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ixcdkkh jSfuzoS fud<h yd iakdhq moaO;sh thg olajkakd jQ m@;spdrh u; isrefrA cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh tuZ.ska md,kh jk wdldrh;a" odrAYksl mCIfhka tlS cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh cSj ixy;sfhys m@jrAOkh iZoyd WmldrS jk wdldrh;a"27 jsoHdkQl~, f,i tuZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lr olajk nejsks'wNsOrAu msglfhys oS jsYaf,aIKh lr olajkafka fuu ;;ajhhs' 28 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku ms<snZoj ( Metta Concept & Foundation of Cognition ) lreKq idlpzPdjg .ekSfuz oS nqoaOsh hkq l`ulaoehs uZola meyeos,s lr.ekSu jeo.;ah' fuysoS huzlsis idrOrAuhl ixcdkk moku hkqfjka woyia jkafka nqoaOsuh ia:rh nj l,ska iZoyka lrk ;sfnz' nqqoaOsh hkqfjka wm jsiska ksrAjpkh lr.kakd foh l`ulao hkak ms<snZoj huzlsis tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSug is|=fjz' fuysoS jspdrd;aul nj" iyc l`Y,;djh" m@;sNdj" mrsl,amk Yla;sh" ksirA.h" ksrAudKYS<SFjh" ;ksj ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj" bf.kqfuys yelshdj" is;Su" pska;kh" ukkh hkdoS lreKq rdYshla tlg tla;eka jQ 41
wjia:djlg wm nqoaOsh hkqfjka jHjydr lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' by; olajk ,o wjia:d rdYsh w;rska nqoaOsh hkqfjka ienjskau wm ksrAjpkh lrkafka l`ulao$ fuz ish,a,uo$ ke;fyd;a tajd w;rska tllao$ kQ;k jHjydrhg wkqj wrA: olajkafka kuz nqoaOsh hkafkka jHjydr jkqfha ksrAudKYS,sFjh nj fmfka' fiiq wjia:djka nqoaOshg wka;rA.; jqj;a usksidf.a ksrAudKhlg mjd wka;rA.; l< yels fuj,uz nj mejfia' fuz hgf;a mj;akd foa Wmfhda.S fldg f.k kj foa m@;sNdj weiqrska nsys lsrSu ksrAudKYS,sFjh f,i ie<fla' wm l:d lrkafka idrOrAu ms<snZoj ksid ienjskau idrOrAu ixl,amhkays ksrAudKYS,S miqnsula .enzjkafkao keoao hkak ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqfldg ne,sh hq;`h' idrOrAu ixl,amhkays miqnsu ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj we.hqulg ,la lsrSu tys moku .fjzIKh hkafka woyihs' ta wdldrhg huzlsis idrOrAu ixl,amhl fuu ksrAudKYS,S moku wka;rA.; fjz kuz tu idrOrAu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h wka;rA.; hehs mejish yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj fuz wdldrhgu wjOdkh fhduq lr ne,qjfyd;a tys ksrAudKYS,S nj wka;rA.;o keoao hkak ms<snZoj jgyd .; yelsjkq we;' nqoaOsfhys iajNdjh ( Nature of intelligence ) fhys fu;a;d ixl,amh;`<ska W;aidylrkqfha iuia; cSj m@cdj tlg tlalr ;enSuhs' nz,Qlhsuz wdoSka idrOrAu jkdyS iudc ue,shula (Social Binder) f,io wrA: olajkq ,enqfjz idrOrAu ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; fuu .`Kdx.h ksidhs' cSjfhys m@Odku .`Kdx.h jkqfha cSjhg ys;iqj iemhSfuz jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh lr oSuhs' fjk;a jsosylska lsjfyd;a ukqIHhd we;`ZM iEu cSjsfhl`gu fuf,dj jdih lsrSfuzoS fuf,dj jdikdjka; ia:dkhla tfukau jdihg Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu uqZMukskau mejfrkafkao usksid m@Odk fldg we;s il, cSj m@cdj fj;uh' fuysoS usksid ksrAudKYS,sFjh w;ska fiiq wfkla iFj j.!hdg jvd fndfyda fihska bosrsfhka isgsk ksid fiiq iFj m@cdjgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSug Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu usksidgu mejfrA' nq|=iuh usksidf.a fuu nqoaOsuh yelshdj ms<s.kakd w;ru fuf,dj fiiq iFj j.!hdgo cSj;ajSfuz whs;shla we;snj ms<s.kakd f,i usksidg n,lr mjid isgshs' tfukau fiiq cSj m@cdj iuZ. iyfhda.Sj cSj;ajsh hq;` nj o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksid ksrAudKYS,S ukqIHfhla jkafka iajNdj OrAuh iuZ. tlaj l@shd lsrSu uZ.sks' ienjskau iajNdjh" iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ienjskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' iajNdj OrAufhys ksrAudKYS,SFjh usksidg" usksia nqoaOshg jgyd.; fkdyels ;ruskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' fuz ksidu fuu l@shdj,sh ksjerosj lr.; fkdyels jSu ksidu f,dj nsysjQ we;euz wd.uz yd orAYk uZ.ska iajNdj OrAuh ke;fyd;a iuia; cSj yd wcSj iajNdjhu tla;rd wdldrhlska mqoa., iajrEmhlska i,ld ;sfnz' ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh werfUkakg uQ,sl nSchka fuz ;;ajh mdol lrf.k we;s jQ nj meyeos,sh' ksrAudKjdoS wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,am nsys jS we;af;a iajNdj OrAuh i;` wmQrAj yelshdj usksia nqoaOsh ;`<ska 42
js.@y lsrSfuzoS mek kZ.skakg jQ jsjsO wkjfndaO ;;ajhka lrK fldg f.kh' ksis wdldrfhka fya;`M, js.@yhlg wiu;a jSu fya;`fjks' fuh tla;rd |=rlg ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .egZMuh ;;ajhla f,i o fmkajd osh yelsh' wrA:jka ixcdkkhla l< yels jkafka ixcdkk fCIa;@h jsjsO wkjYH iSud meKjSuz j,ska ksoyiaj mj;akd jsg muKla nejska fujeks iSud meKjSuz mj;sk ;;aFjhla ;`< oS tuZ.ska we;s lrjkakd jQ ixcdkkh jsOsu;a yd mrsmQrAK hehs ks.uhlg meusKSug fldfy;au mqZMjka lula we;af;a ke;' tu ksid tjka ixcdkk fCIa;@hka uZ.ska ,nd .kakd jsjsO ;SrK wrA:l:k j, iajrEmh iSud iys; jSu fkdje<elajsh yelsh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl iajNdjhka ukfiys W;af;ackh jkqfha uki rZM wdl,am j,ska yd iSud lsrSuz jeks wys;lr ixcdkk w;aoelSuz j,ska f;drj mj;sk jsgh' ufkda.;sl jYfhka ishquz ;;ajlg ixcdkk fCIa;@h m;a lrjSug udkisl yelshdj we;s jkafka jsjsO wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka uki fkdje<lajqjfyd;a muKs' wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki b;du;a ishquzh' wjia:djkag Wps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;d we;sjkqfha uki ishquznj jsgh' isysh;a wLKav ksrSCIKd;aul jsYaf,aIK ixcdkkh;a ;`<ska jsmiaikd pska;kh ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@h fuf;la mej;shd jQ mrsudKhg jvd jevs meyeos,s oelaula ,enSfuz wjldYh Wodjk mrsos mqZM,a lsrSulg nZ|=ka lrkqfha by; olajk ,o wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys; ksidh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ. ieifokafka flfiao$ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLHdrA:h jkqfha ys; us;`re njhs' fuu ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,So$ ksrAudKYS,Snj hkq is;du;d wZM;ska f.dvkZ.k njhs'us;@YS,S udkisl miqnsu;`< kejquznj ms<snZo jsjsO wdl,am f.dv kefZ.a' kejquz nj fukau tlg tlalrk taldnoaO;djh we;s lrk nj o olakg we;' fuhska woyia flfrkqfha us;@Fjh ke;fyd;a ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,S njhs' ksrAudKYS,S pska;khla fkdue;s ;eke;a;dg f.dvkZ.d .ekSula l<yels fkdfjz' ys;j;a iajNdjh we;sjkqfha fuu f.dvkeZ.Su ;`<sks' iuia; cSj m@cdj iuZ. us;@Fjh f.dvkZ.kqfha fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;kh uZ.sks' fuz olajd f,dj nsysjQ fY@aIaG ia:dkhla orkakd jQ ksrAudK usksia j.!hdf.a hym; fjkqfjka nsysjQ ksrAudK fjz' tfia fkdjkakdjQ foa j,g meje;aula fkdue;' iajNdj OrAuhu thg tfrysj keZ.S isgshs' wm l:d lrkakdjQ iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh fkdfjz' kuq;a iajNdj OrAuh fyj;a iajNdjh jQ l,S ksrjfYaIfhkau ksrAudKYS,Sh' th tfia jkafka iajNdj OrAuh;`< .enzjk cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh ksidh' fuu cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh lrK fldgf.ku iuia; cSjh fuz olajd fuu f,dj;`< fkdkeiS /ZoS mj;shs' tfia iajNdjOrAuh ;`< cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjhla ksrjfYaIfhkau fkd;snqkd kuz fuz wdldrfhka cSj m@cdj fuf,dj wLKavj fuz olajd mj;skafka ke;' cSj m@cdj fuz whqrska fuz f,dj mj;skafka Tjqkaf.a jdihg ys;lr foaY.`Ksl rgdj;a Tjqka tlsflld flfrys olajkakdjQ ys;j;anj fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` 43
fldgf.kh' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz ksidu cSj m@cdjf.a wLKav meje;au iqrCIs; lrkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhla f,ig fmkajd osh yelsh' fuz wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skafka usksid jsiska ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSka flfrys ie,ls,su;a jk muKgh' usksid ;ud muKla usys ;,fhys isgskd tlu cSjshd fldg is;hso ta ;dla l,a ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSkaf.a meje;aug usksidf.ka t,a, jkafka ;rAckhlauh' fuz ;;ajh usksid;`< yg.ekSug oevs wd;audrA:fhka uQ,djg m;a jSu fya;`fjz' ;ud jgd oevsfldg we;s wd;audrA:fha oevs udkisl mjqr nsZo oukafka kuz muKla tjsg usksidg h:drA:fhys iqjZo wd>@dKh l< yelsjkq we;' jsjsO wh fkdfhl`;a lreKq wrUhd jsgska jsg m<lrkq ,nk wrA:l:k fyda ;ukaf.a pska;k iSudjg muKla iSudjQ mgq ,dul foa h:drA:h fkdfjz' th uy;a mqZM,aj iudch jsIfhys wrA: iuzmkak m@Z{df.dapr mrudorAYhla jsh hq;`h' fuu m@Z{d f.dapr nj fyj;a m@{dfjys iSud udhsuz oelajSu is|= flfrkqfha ixcdkk ia:rh uZ.sks' ixcdkk w;aoelSuz ,nkakg ,nkakg fuu iSudfjys jmirsh o mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh b;d fydZoska isf;ys jrAOkh jS we;s nj fuu jmirsh mqZM,a njg m;a jSug fya;`jls' tmuKla o fkdj jvd;a jsjD; udkislFjhlska hqla;j ;SrKhkag t<USug yd i;Hhg <Z.d jSug fuz uZ.ska yelshdj we;s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd nq|=oyu ( Metta Concept & Buddhism ) nq|= oyfuys fuz ms<snZo b;du;a jeo.;a jsYaf,aIKhla ld,du iQ;@fhys jsoHudk fjz' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@y jkafka fuu jsjD; udkisl ugzguhs' wkqka lshk ksid (Report)" " mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid (Trdition)" fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu ksid ( Prologue)" " iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska (Giving in the Scripture)" ;rAlhg tlZ. hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Logical Implication)" kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Nomological " Implication)" fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid (Diversification of Thought)" " " l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIagSkag iudk ksid (Coincide the Aspects)" " wjjdo fokakd .`Kjf;l` nejska ( Potentiatity)" yd ;u .`rejrhdf.a lSula nejska (Consultations of Preceptor)" hk lreKq oyh ( 10 ) flaJ|@.; fldgf.k jsjD; udkislFjhlska f;drj wjspdr mQrAjl f,i l@shd lsrSu i;r n@yau jsyrKhka isf;ys jrAOkh fkdjSug fya;`jla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz'29 i;r n@yau jsyrKhkays fiiq jsyrKhka jk lreKd" uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk fiiq ufkda .;slhkag mdol jkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuu .`Kdx. i;r ksid ukfiys iDKd;aul wdl,am bj;ajS uki msrsis|= fjz'fndfyda oDIags.;sl wdjrKhkaf.ka uki ixjD; jSug iDKd;aul wdl,am bjy,afjz' jsjsO wOsldrS pska;k ;;aj udkisl jsjD;njg ndOd we;s lrkqfha oDIags.;sl iDKd;aul wdl,am ksidh'fuz ksid jsjD; udkislFjfhka flfkl` neyerg 44
h;au fu;a;d ixl,amfhka o neyer jk nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh l< yel' by; ld,du iQ;@d.; jsjD; udkislFjh jkdyS iDcqju udkj ixcdkk lafIa;@hg iuznkaO jQjls' fuhska we.fjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg.ekSug yd yg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh jSug kuz Bg irs,k mrsoafoka ilia lrk,o fyda ilia lr.kakd ,o ixcdkk lafIa;@hla udkjhd ;`< ;snsh hq;`u njhs' huz flfkl` ;`< jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ ixcdkk lafIa;@fhys m@udKhgu ta mqoa.,hd ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jSfuys wjia:djla uska meyeos,sju fmkakquz lrhs' fjk;a iuh jdohkays fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz ixcdkk fCI;@hka ms<snZoj idlpzPdjk nj fmkqk o tajdfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@hkays mj;sk iSud iys; iajNdjh bosrsfha bka mqfrdal:s; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .uzNSr;djh yd irAj iuzmQrAK Ndjh tl iudk hehs f.k yer mEug fkdyelsh' ld,du iQ;@fhys iZoyka oi jsO ixcdkk iSudjka ;`< tu wrA: l:k rduqq.; jS we;' tu ksid bka ksIamkak jk prAhd;aul mCIh o wksjdrAh rduq.; jSulg iSud jS ;sfnz' ksoiqkla f,i ls;`Kq iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jkakdjQ fm@auh hk ixl,amh ixcdkk iajNdjh w;ska nq|=iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jk fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd iSus; rduqjl wrA:l:kh jk iajNdjhla .ekSu fmkajd osh yel' isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jSu ldhsl jYfhka prAhd oshqKqjla f,i ndysrska m@ldYhg meusfKk wdldrh ld,du iQ;@fhysu uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' m@dK>d;h" fidrlu" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh yd wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros yeisrSuzj, kshqla; lrjSu Wfoid fm<UjSuz lsrSu hk lreKq mfika ( 5 ) je<lSu tu prAhd oshqKqj nj fmkajd oS we;'30 fuu prAhd oshqKqj we;s jkafka udkisl jYfhka ksrdhdifhkau tu jeros yeisrSuzj, we;s idjoH iajNdjh jgyd.ekSug tlS mqoa.,hdgu yelshdj ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`< wka;rA.; iuia; cSj j.!hd jsIfhys mj;akd jQ cSj ys;jdoS us;`re iajNdjh ksidh' prAhdjka ilia lsrSug wjYHjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@;scdkd;aul n,mEu ld,du iQ;@fhys olakg ,efnk mxpjsO m@;smodj uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA'31 tys wjika wx.h f,i olajd ;sfnkafka fm<UjSuz kHdhhs' fm<UjSuz kHdhh jQ l,S idjoH yd ksrjoH hk fohdldrfhkau Ndjs;hg .efkhs' fu;a;d ixl,amhg m@;smCI ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a wys;lr n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh idjoH whqrska Ndjs;hg tlajk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh ksrjoH wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg tla fjz'32 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd fn#oaO jskh ( Metta Concept & Buddhist Disciplinary ) 45
fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku uZ.ska f,dalh ;`< ukqIH jrA.hdf.a meje;au iZoyd olajkakd jQ Wmfhda.s;djh ( Foundation of Cognition in Metta Concept for Utility of Human Living in the world ) ms<snZo lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu fuysoS jeo.;ah' nq|=iuh ;`< fu;a;dj ms,snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuz oS th wksjdrAhfhkau n@yauprAhdfjz moku f,i wrA:l:h lsrSug yelsh' ixidr jsuqla;sh ,enSu tkuz ksrAjdKdjfndaOhg m;ajSu ;u cSjs;fhys tlu wfmalaIdj fldg.;a m@:u fndaOshg wh;a uq,a hq.fhys iuznq|= iiqkgjka NslaIQka fj;ska iuQyhhdf.a meje;aug wys;lr wrAnqo we;s fkdjsks'33 ta ksidu wuq;`fjka jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla nq|= ysushkag we;s fkdjsks' tu hq.fhys mej;sfha NsCIqjlf.a iajNdjh ljrlaoehs ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuz jYfhka yd iiqkg msjsfik ieoeye;shkg iuznq|= iiqk hkq l`ulaoehs meyeos,s lroSuz jYfhka foaYkd lrk,o ishZM nq|=jrhka jykafia,du yqfola pdrs;@hla jYfhka Wfoik ,oaod jQ my; oelafjk wrA:j;a m@ldYkh muKs' " ish,q wl`i,ska |=re jSu" l`i,a lsrSu yd oshqKq lsrSu" ;udf.a is; mssrsis|= lsrSu hk fuz nq|=jrhkaf.a wkqYdikhhs'" fu;a;d ixl,amh l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkhg m;a lr.ekSu uZ.ska ixcdkk yd prAhd lafIa;@ j, l@shdldrS;ajh Wiia njg m;alr.; yel' uska woyia jkqfha tu ldrAhh idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd nq|=jre jsiska msKsi bosrsm;a lrk ,o jev ms<sfj<hs' fuz ;`< m<uqj wkHhkayg ysxid mSvd is|= jk iajlSh ffoksl prAhdjkaf.ka yels;dla je<lSu;a ta ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh wjYHlrk ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh jSu;a is|= fjz' fujka iudc mrsirhla ;`< oS jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;a i;kays jrAOkh msKsi fjr .kakd ;eke;a;dyg ;j |=rg;a lsis|= wdd.ka;`l ndOdjka rys;ju tu ixl,amh ixcdkk fjz' ixcdkkh jkakg jkakg ixcdkk fCI;@fhys uqZM uy;a jmirshu fu;a;d ixl,amfhka msrS b;srS hkakg fjz' fuu l@shdj<sh uqZM uy;a iudc iqrCIs;;djh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula is|= lrkakd jQ ldrKla o fjz' "bjiSu fuz iiafkys mru ;mihs' nq|=jre mfia nq|=jre uy ry;ayq ksrAjdKh fl<jr fldg we;s wkqYdikdjla u flfr;a' wkHhkag ysxid mSvd lrkakd mejsoafola fyda Y@uKfhla fkdfjz' wkHhka fkdfm<d fkdrsojd lghq;` lsrSu Y@uK OrAuhhs'"34 bjiSu nq|= iiqfkys mru ;mi f,i oelajSu uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha YS, YslaIKh f.dvkeZ.S we;s mokuhs' tkuz wjsysxidj m@;smodjhs' wkqka ;udg fld;ruz ysxidldrS foa is|=l< ta flfrys WfmalaIlj bjik mqoa.,hd mru wjsysxidjdosfhls' tfukau wkHhka jsIfhys oevs ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hqla;j lghq;` lrkafkls' ksrAjdKh olajd osfjk fn#oaO m@;smodj ;`< ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdjg yd ffu;@S pska;khg ,efnk iqjsYd, jeo.;alu fuhska fudkjg fy<s fmfy<s fjz' tmuKla o fkdj ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdfjka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSuu iajlSh wd.usl mQcH mCIfhys mru ldrAhh jYfhkao nq|= ysushka i,ld we;s nj fuhska fmfka' tf,i fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd Y@uKfhla fyda mejsoafola fkdjk nj oelajSu ;`< n@dyauK yd Y@uK iuzm@odh oajs;ajh w;`frka n@yauK iuzm@odh;`< wjsoHudk uq;a uqZM uy;a Y@uK iuzm@odh;`<u 46
wka;rA.;j we;s iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh jk fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k iliaj we;s nj fu uZ.ska ksrEms;h' "wkHhkag wmjdo nsKqfuys yd wkHkaf.a jeros wvqmdvq fijqfuys ksr; fkdjSu o" m@d;sfudCI ixjrfhka hqla;j jsfjzl fikiqkays jsiqu o" fNdackfhys u;a;Z[aZC|=;djh o( wdcSj mdrsY`oaOs YS,h yd m@;H ikaksY@s; YS,h ) " isys kqjKska hqla;j fhoS jdih flreu o" wOsps;a;fhys tkuz f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r OHdk iudm;a;s ps;a;fhys jShH! flreu o" fuzjd ish,q nq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikh fjz'" wkHkag fodaIdfrdamKh lrkafka yd wkHhkaf.a wvqmdvq fidhuska isgskafka is; oafjzIfhka hqla; jQ l,h' fuu oafjzIhg m@;smCI OrAu;djh kuz ffu;@shhs' tnejska ffu;@sh isf;a we;s ;eke;a;d lsis jsfgl tjka fohlg fhduq fkdfjz' tfiau wkHkag wmjdo keZ.Su yd wvqmdvq fijSu jkdyS ldhsl jdpisl jYfhka we;sjk prAhd ;;ajhkah' tfiau prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhkah' fuu prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhka my< jSug fya;` jkqfha isf;ys ffu;@S ixl,amh fkdue;s jSuhs' fuu wvqmdvqj |=re lr,Sug yels fydZou l@shd udrA.h jkqfha yels;dla fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSuhs' tjsg ta ksid uqZm uy;a fpz;ksl mCIhu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS b;srS hhs' tfiau fiiq prAhd ixialrKhka f,i oelajSug yels wdydrfhys lEor fkdjSu yd yels;dla w,afmapzP;djfhka hqla;j jdih lsrSu jeks mqre|= mqyqKq l< hq;` yeisrSuz rgdjka uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a iajlSh wd;au oukh f.dv kxjd .ekSug nq|=iuh uZ. fmkajkq ,nhs' fuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaI foaYkdfjys yrh jkafka wysxidjdoS cSjs;hhs' wjsysxidjdoSj cSj;ajSu ish,q nq|=jrekau miiakd ,o Y@uK OrAuh nj fuys ;yjqre lr ;sfnz' fuhska mejfikafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska udkj wdl,am ilia lrkakg .kakd ,o jEhul uQ,sl mokuhs' ish,q fydZo l@shd ish,q l`i, lu! mokuzj we;af;a fu;a;d pska;kh fmrgq lrf.k nejz fuz uZ.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' fuu wkqYdikh ish,q nq|=jrekagu irAjidOdrK wkqYdikhla nejs oelajSu uZ.ska fmkaajd oS ;sfnkafka il, jsO ffcj m@cdj flfrys fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldgf.k l@shdlsrSfuz n,j;a ffcj jsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul wjYH;djh yd tu wjYH;djfhys .enzjk jsYajidOdrKFjhhs'35 fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd ;`< wjsysxidjdoS meje;aula ilia jk nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuz wjsysxidjdoS meje;au kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska we;s jkakd jQ prAhdfjz fjkihs' YsCIdmo meKjSula fkdue;s uq,a hq.fhys ffk;sl jYfhka fkdj ksjeros ms<sfj;g ms<smka NsCIQka fj;ska m@lg jQ ksrjoH prAhdfjz iajrEmh oS> ksldfha iS,laLJO j.a.fha;a" ucACOsu ksldfha fndfyda iQ;@j,;a" pQ, iS, ucACOsu iS, yd uyd iS, jYfhka olakg ,efnz' fuu Ys, ms<sfj;a lsis|= wdldrhlska ffk;slj NsCIQka flfrys meKjS ;snqKq YsCIKhla fkdj ksrdhdifhkau ksis uZ.g ms<smka NsCIQka jsiska ms,smosk ,o huz wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla jYfhka f.kyer olajd ;sfnz' ta yeu jsglu thska wjOdrK lr ;sfnkqfha yqfola 47
iuQyhd flfrys yd iuia; ffcj m@cdj flfrysu fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k wfkHdkH jYfhka iyfhda.fhka l@shd lsrSu msKsi fuu wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;sh bjy,ajk yd bjy,a fldgf.k we;s njhs' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,d ;`< mej;sfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu ksid ksirA.fhka u prAhdfjys we;sjk hym;a njhs' fuz iZoyd wuq;`fjka jskh jYfhka yeZoskafjk NsCIq m@;sudk moaO;shla yZ|=kajdoSfuys wjYH;djhla nq|=ka jykafiag we;s fkdjSh' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wNssm@dh jQfhao fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg.;a OrAuh ixcdkkh fldgf.k tuZ.ska ish prAhdj f,djg ys; msKsi ilia lr.ekSu jQ fyhsks' uq,a hq.fhys prAhdj ilia l< uQ,sl fuj,u njg fuz ksid m;a jQfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSuhs' tfy;a fuz ;;ajh l@ufhka fjkia fjuska jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuys wjYH;djh mekkeZ.Su;a iuZ.u ix>hdf.a hym; msKsi" ix>hdf.a myiqj msKsi" |=YaYS, mqoa.,hkag ks.@y msKsi" YsCIdlduS NsCIQkaf.a myiq jsyrKh msKsi" fuf,dj oS mej;sh yels wdY@jhka ixjrh msKsi" mrf,dj meje;aug uq,ajk wdY@jhka kid,Su msKsi" fkdmeye|=kjqkaf.a meyeoSu msKsi" ioaOrAufhys psr meje;au msKsi" YsCIKhg wkq.@yh msKsi hkdoS wfmaCId oyhla fmroers lrf.k Tzjdo md;sfudlaIh foaYkd lrk ,o nj uydj.a. md,sh wkqj fmfka'36 jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS mjd meyeos,s jkqfha iuia; NsCIq msrsfiys iuZ.sh wdrCIdjSu m@OdkFjfhys ,d i,ld we;s njhs' iuZ.sh jkdyS fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d ixjrAOkh jQ nj ndysrj m@lg lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhd ,CIKh fjz' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka mrudrA: jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu uZ.skau wrA:j;a prAhd fjkilg ksrdhdifhkau nZ|=ka jkakd jQ msrsila jQ nejska tu hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg jskh kuska yeZoskafjk prAhd kS;s moaO;shla wd.ka;`lj meKjSfuys wjYH;djla nq|=r|=kayg we;s fkdjQ w;r mYapd;a ld,Sk NsCIQka jykafia,d wdl,amuh jYfhka uq,a hq.fhys jsiQ NsCIqka muKg ksrAjdKdNs,dIS kqjQ fyhska fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSu uZ.ska muKlau wjYH lrk prAhd fjki Wka jykafia,d ;`< we;s lrjSug wfmdfydi;a nejz oek Wkajykafia,dg ish NsCIq mrudra:h imqrd .ekSug Wjukd lrk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jkakg ie,eiajSu Wfoid jskh kdufhka jq prAhd OrAu moaO;shla o meKjSug nq|=ka jykafiag is|=jsh' jskh meKjSfuz mrudrA:h o prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj lrd jvd myiqfjka <Z.djSug wjldY ie,fik mrsos udkisl miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ilia lsrSuh' wdOHd;ausl jsuqla;sh wruqKq lr.;a m@j@cs; msrsi tlu wdpdr OrAu moaO;shlg tlZ.;djh m<lr l@shdlrSfuz oS iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu uekjska m@lg fjhs' mqoa., l@shdjka iuQyhdg j.lsj hq;` hq;` mrsos is|=jk jsg iuQyhdf.a meje;au ksrjq,a fjz' fuys oS iuQyhdf.a iu.sh;a mdrsY`oOsh;a wrA:j;a jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu m@d;sfudlaI YsCIdjka fyj;a wdKd m@d;sfudlaIh meKjSfuz uQ,sl wfmaCIdj jS ;sfnz'37 ix>hd hkqfjka oelafjk iuQyhd w;r iduQysl pska;kh Tma kxfjk mrsos Tjqkaf.a pska;kh;a yeisrSuz rgdj;a ilia lr.ekSu fuys uQ,sl wNsm@dhhs' fuu wfmaCIdj uqZMukskau fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k f.dv kexjS ;sfnz' 48
wfkHdkH iyfhda.h f.dvkexjSfuz oS Tjqka tlsfkld w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh mej;Su wksjdrAhh idOlhla jk nejsks' fuz woyi jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka ix> lu! meje;ajSfuz oS tys uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i OrAudkQl~,Ndjh;a" ix> msrsfia iu.sh;a wfmaCId lr we;s nejsks' fuu ix> lu! Wmiuzmod jskh lu!" lGskh mejrSu" mrsjdi udk;a wnzNdk jskh lu!" mgsidrKSh jskh lu!" ;cAckSh lu!" ksiaih lu!" mnzndckSh lu!" WlafLzmkSh lu! wdoS jYfhka iduQysl.; ix> cSjs;h mqrd iEu wjia:djloSu mdfya Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuh ix>hd jsiskau ix>hdf.a mrsmd,kh l@shd;aul lrjkakd jQ l@uhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg f.ku fuu ix> lu! meje;ajSu fuys uQ,sl ,CIKhhs' iuZ.sh fu;a;d ixl,amh ix> msrsfiys mj;sk njg meyeos,s YdCIshls' msrsi w;r iuZ.sh ;yjqre lsrSu msKsi fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgq lrf.k mj;ajkakd jQ uQ,sl m@fNao i;rska hq;` ix> lu!hka f,i wOdrAusl jQ" msrsi fNao jk lu! uska woyia flfrhs' tjka jskh lu! fkd l< h;`h" fuz wOdrAusl iu.s lu!hhs' iuZ.shg ndOd ke;;a wOdrAusl nejska tajd o wkqu; fkd flfrA" fuz OdrAusl tfy;a msrsi fNao jk lu!hhs' msrsfia iuZ.sh ke;s lrk nejska o wkqu; fkd flfrA"fuz OdrAusl jQ iuZ.s lu!hhs' fuh wkqu;h' iiqkg iq|=iqh' hk j.! i;r nq|=ysushka jsiska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'38 fuu m@fNao i;rska OdrAuslnj yd iuZ.sh hk folu iys; jQ muKla u nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska fhda.H f,i wkqu; lr we;af;a OdrAusl nj yd iuZ.sh hk folu tl iudk f,i wka;rA.; jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh mokuz lr.kakd jsg oS muKla jk fyhsks' wkHhka flfrys iyfhda.Snj yd wkHkaf.a ys;iqj m;k nj keue;s OdrAusl wfmaCId my< jkqfha ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia muKla nejsks' fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj fkdue;s ;ek iuZ.sh fyda wkHhka flfrys ys;iqj m;k pska;khla we;s jkafka ke;' wdKd md;sfudlaLh jqjo" Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh jqjo fuz foflkau woyia flfrkqfha nq|=iufhka ksrAosYaG flrS we;s mru ksIaGdj jk ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH lrk ldhsl udkisl jgdmsgdjla f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS tu l@ufjzoh wkq.ukh lrkakd lsishuz wdpdr jsoHd;aul YsCIKhlg wkq.;j ;u wej;`uz ilia lr.ekSula wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' fuu wej;`uz mej;`uz lsishuz ksrAfoaYs; jsOsl@uhlg wkq.;j ilia lr.ekSu Ydik n@yau prAhdj f,i wrA: olajkq ,efnz'39 Ydik n@yau prAhdfjys uQ,sl w;a;sjdru f,i ms<s.ekS we;af;a OdrAusl jQ" iduQysl osjs fmfj; nj meyeos,s lreKls' fuu iduQysl osjs fmfj; ksid ish,q .egquz wrAnqo j,g uq,ajk ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdfjka fuu iiqka uZ.g ms<smka mqoa.,hdj uqojd Tyq ;`< iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYHlrk miqnsu ilia lrfokq ,nhs' OdrAuslFjh;a" iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKh;a mqo.,hd ;`< cks; lrkq ,nkafka ;u ix> iudch ;`< fjfik wksl`;a idudcslhka ms<snZo ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhkah' NsCIq osjs fmfjf;ys uQ,sldx. fu;a;d ixl,amh mdollr f.k ilia jS ;sfnz' wdKd md;sfudlaLh uZ.ska fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka jv jvd;a jHdma; jSug iq|=iq jkakd jQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla yZ|=kajd fokq ,nk w;r Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh ;ud ;`< fkdue;s ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka we;s lr.ekSug 49
iq|=iq ldhsl yd jdpisl mrsirhla ksrAudKh lrfokq ,nhs' fuz wkqj Ydik n@yauprAhfha oS 40 b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd udkj wdl,amhla f,i wmg fu;a;d ixl,amh yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ouzumoh ( Metta Concept & Dhammapada ) Ouzumofhka ms<snsUq jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsjsO iajrEmhka ms<snZoj lreKq jgyd .ekSug wjldY ie,fia' Lqoaol ksldhg wh;a Ouzumofhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj b;d mqZM,a jsjrKhka oel.; yel' hul j.a.fhys ffjr fkdlsrSfuz wkqiia oelafjk my; iZoyka .d:dj uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh jHma; lr;a lr;au tys wka;rA.; udkj ys;jdoS .`Kh uZ.ska wkHhkaf.a is;a ksjS iekiSug m;a jk wdldrhhs' ffjr lrkakdg ffjr fkdlsrSfuka u ffjrhka ixisZoSug m;a fjz' fuh yeuod f,dj mj;akd jQ OrAu;djhls' fuuZ.ska fy,s fmfy<s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s Wmfhda.s;d .`Khhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid is;g wkdosu;a ld,hla uqZM,af,a ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkays n,mEu l@u l@ufhka bj;a jS hEu;a tu bj;a jSu fya;`fldg f.k isf;ys m@Ndiajrh wjqrdf.k isgs kSjrK OrAuhkaf.a myj hdu;a kSjrK OrAuhka myjSu ksid;a laf,aYhkaf.ka fkdls,sgs jQ m@Ndiajr is; ixZoSug m;a jk wdldrh;a by; uekjska olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq huz huz fodaI iy.; ixcdkk ixl,amhka bj;a lsrSug hdug m@:u ;uka iajlSh isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh 41 ixcdkkh uZ.ska frdamKh fldgf.k issgsh hq;` nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' uefrk nj fkdokafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,yh ikaisfZo;s' fuys iZoyka uefrk iajNdjh kuz wks;H iajNdjhhs' fyj;a CIKsl urKhhs' fuz cSj;ajk fia fmfkk wm fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid urKhg m;a jk nj ie,lSu uZ.ska wkqka yd ;uka fjka lrf.k wkHhka flfia cSj;ajqj;a ;uka muKla iqjfia cSj;ajSug is;k oevs wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj |=re lr yerSu fuhska woyia jS ;sfnz' ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd wksh; iajNdjfha mj;soaoS wkHhka wruqKq fldg oafjzIh my< fkdfjz' oafjzIh we;s jkqfha ish cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh wdjrKh fldgf.k ne,Sug yd oelSug mqre|= mqyqKq jSu ksidh' wks;H nj is;;a is;;au l@u l@ufhka isf;ys we;a;d jQ oafjzIh myj hhs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSug b;du myiqu l@uh ish cSjs;fhys wks;H iajNdjh ksrka;rfhkau mqre|= 42 mqyqKq lsrSuhs' 50
neKSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz hk ldhsl yd jdpisl fodaIhka ixcdkkh jSu;a" tlS ixcdkkh prAhdjg mjd n,mEuz lrk ;;ajhl mej;Su;a ksid ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa' is; ;`< fodaI iy.; ixl,amhka ixcdkkh jS we;s l, tu fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a fufyhjSu ksid ldhsl jYfhka yd jdpisl jYfhka fkdfhla wlghq;`luz mqoa.,fhl` fj;ska is|= fjz' kuq;a tu wlghq;`luz tu mqoa.,hdf.a ksirA. iajNdjh fkdfjz' iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au ksirA. iajNdjh kuz hym; njhs' tu ksirA. jQ hym;a iajNdjh wjqrd oukqfha wd.ka;`lj is;g ixcdkkh jk fodaI iy.; ixl,amhhs' fuu iajNdjh wjfndaO lr fkd.ekSu ;j ;j;a fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla jk w;r th ukdj oek yeZosk 43 wjfndaO lr .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla fjz' fkdfhl`;a wdldrfha ldhsl yd jdpisl ysxidjka ms<snZo we;slr .kakd ,o fldamh isf;ys fkd neZoS l, is; b;du;a blaukska ixisfZoa' fuhska isf;ys ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys ;j;a tla me;slvla jsia;r flfrhs' is;a fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrjSug m@Odk jYfhka fya;` jkqfha isf;ys we;s fldamh nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nk w;r tu fldamh fkdue;af;a jS kuz fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrk ,oafoa jS kuz ta fya;`j ksid is; jvd;a myiqfjka ixisZoSug m;a jk nj fmkajd foa' fjk;a wfhl` jsiska lrk ,o prAhd jeros tkuz nekSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz jeks ldhsl yd jdpisl wvqmdvqluz fya;`fldg f.k tuZ.ska iajlSh ps;a; ika;dkh wmjs;@ jSug fya;`jk oafjzI ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug bv m@ia;jla fkd;nd ta mqoa.,hd foi jqj o yq|= wkqluzmdfjka n,kakg ;ruz fu;a;d ixl,amh is;fys fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrf.k isgsk ;eke;a;dg ta fya;`j ksid jvd;a fydZoska ish is; ixisZofjk nj fuhska meyeos,s fldg fmkajd os we;'44 wkqkaf.a rZM mrZM nia l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg ish lghq;` muKla i,ld ne,sh hq;`h' wkHkaf.a oafjzI ixl,am ixcdkkh fya;`fjka yg .;a;d jQ prAhd wvqmdvq jk jdpisl yd ldhsl jeros flfrys mjd WfmaCId iy.; is;ska i,ld ne,sh yels muKg ish is;a i;kays fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh ;`<ska we;slr th ukdj /l hq;` nj fuhska m@ldYs;h' tu l@shdudrA.hg flfkl` m<uqfldgu wj;SrAK jSug kuz ;uka ;`< yg .kakd jQ prAhjka yslaujd .; hq;` w;r tf,i yslujd .;af;l`yg wk;`rej udkisl wxYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K l< yelsh'45 if;di jefvk fohla lsrSu iem;g fya;`jk nejska b;d hym;a jkafkah' if;di hkq i;`ghs' i;`g we;s jkafka wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;a iajNdjh we;s lr .eksu uZ.sks' fuysoS ;udf.a i;`g fukau wkHhkaf.a i;`g o jeo.;a fia i,ld we;' yqfola ;ukaf.a i;`g muKla i,lk mqoa.,hd ,nkqfha kshu i;`g fkjk nj nq|=iuh ;`< meyeos,s lroS we;' i;`gla kshu i;`gla jSug kuz th wkHhkaf.a is; iqj msKsi fya;`jsh hq;` nj fuys oS jeo.;a 51
f,i wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k ldhsl yd jdpisl jYfhka wkHkaf.a hym; fjkq fjka lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ksrjoH i;`g ,nk udrA.h fy<s fmfy<s lr .kshs' tfukau ta fya;`j ksidu u;`jg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug wjldYh o i,id .kafkl` njg m;a fjz'46 rd.fhka fkdf;;a jQ lsmSfuka oevs fkdjQ is;a we;s mska mjz |=r,Q fudaCIhg m;a jQ mqoa.,hdg ( ry;kajykafiag ) flf,ia nsh ke;' fuysoS rd.h f;;a iajNdjhla f,i i,ld we;af;a ta fya;`j ksid is; kshudldrfhka lrAuKH jSug ndOd we;s lrjk nejsks' huzlsis fohla f;;a iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsg th l@shd;aul jSug ndOd we;s lrjhs' tfiau wOsl jsh<s fyda oevs iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsgo l@shd;aul fkdfjz' oevs nj fuysoS olajd we;af;a lsmSu jYfhks' fujeks ;;ajhka we;s jkqfha rd. yd oafjzI ksid nj meyeos,sh' tu ixfpzz;kd folu yg.kqfha uki ,nkakd jQ wruqK jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksidh' wruqfKys h:d iajNdjh oelsug kuz tf,i oelSug ;ruz fudark ,o kqjKlska wruqKq foi ne,sh hq;` fjz' hful` ;`< tnZ|+ kqjKla my< fjkafka wrAy;a udrA. M,hg ta mqoa.,hd m;a jSu ;`<skau muKs' oekqu W.;alu ;`<ska ,nk Z{dKh ;djld,sl wia:sr jQjls' tfiau th m@;HCI wjfndaOhla o fkdfjz' ;uka leu;s wruqK ms<snZo we,au yg .ekSu ksid rd.h o wlue;s wruqK ms<snZo fkdukdmh ksid oafjzIh o my< lr.kshs' huzl,l oafjzIh fkdfjz kuz tl, rd.h o fkdue;' rd.h yd oafjzIh tla;rd wdldrhl wka; folls' tfiau tajd tlu ldisfhys fome;a; nZ|=h' fu;a;d ixl,amh wkqj ish ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh we;s lr.kakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ,nk YsCIKh Ndjs; lruska ;j |=rg;a ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ixjrh n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ;j |=rg;a udkisl wxYfhka ,nk by<u ;;ajh wrAy;aM,h jYfhka oelajsh yelsh'47 oeuqKq bZ|=rka we;s myl<d jQ udkh we;s flf<ia rys; jQ uOHia: mej;`uz we;s WfmaCId iy.; mqoa.,hkaf.a ( ry;kajykafiaf.a ) orAYkh fojsjre mjd m@drA:kh lr;s' ;ukaf.a prAhd rgdjka ;ukag md,kh lr.; yels ugzgul mej;Su oeuqKq nj kuz fjz' tfia md,kh lr.ekSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHkaf.a o is; iqj msKsi mj;shs' fuf,i l@shd lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ta wdldrfhka ls@hd lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fufyhjSu fya;`fjks' wkHhka o ;uka yd iudkj i,ld n,d l@shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;`< ish,a,kaf.au hym; ie,eiajSu msKsi we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'48 fu;a; iQ;@h ( lrKSh fu;a; iq;a; ) jkdyS ish OHdk Ndjkdjg ndOd l<d jQ fojsjrekg jodrk f,i kshu fldg ieje;a kqjr wi, jk fmfoil jsorAYkd Ndjkd lu!ia:dk jevQ mkaiShhla NsCIQka jykafia,d msrsilg foaYkd l< iQ;@ foaYkdjls' my; oelafjk fuz msrs;a iQ;@h nq|=r|=ka fj;ska Wf.k osjd rd;@S icACOdhkd fldg ta fojs msrsif.a us;`re is; o ,nd ish lu!ia:dkhka iu!mQrAK fldg f.k wrAy;ajhg m;ajQy'49 52
lrKSh fu;a;d iQq;@fhys uq,skau iZoyka jkqfha fuu msrs; ks;s ms<smeo icACOdhkd fldg ,nd.; yels wdksixYh ms<snZojh' m@Odk jYfhka ;ukaf.a ldhsl yd udkisl iqjh;a w;sfrAl jYfhka wukqIH nsh |=re lsrSu;a fuhska is|= jk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fujeks .`Khka is;d th osjd rd;@S Ndjs;d lsrSu ;`<ska mqoa.,hdf.a is; msrsis|= jS kmqre nsh ckl isysk fmkSu |=re lr iqj kskaola ,nd .; yelsh'50 luzue,s ke;s lSlre wjxl uD|= ksy;udks ldreKsl mqoa.,fhl` jSu ksrAjdKh ,en .ekSfuys jSrAh jvkakd i;`j ;snsh hq;`jQ m@Odku ,CIKhhs'51 ksrka;rfhka i;`gq is;ska hq;`j ld,h f.jk wkHhkayg nrla fkdjk m@ikak fmkqula iys; Z{dKjka; msrsfiys fkdwe,qKq udk rys; jQ ieye,a,q .;s mej;`uz we;s mqoa.,fhl` o fjz'52 m@Z{djka;hska jsiska fodia jYfhka i,lk foa j,ska je<l`Kq mqoa.,fhl` fjz'53 ish,q iFjfhda nsh rys; nfjka hqla; j iqjm;a jQ is;ska ld,h .; lrkq ,efnzjd'54 iEu ;eklu jdih lrk tla YrSr m@udKj,ska hqla; jQ flf,ia we;s yd ke;s cSjSka ish,a,u55 fmfkk fkdfmfkk <Z. yd |=r jik bmoSug wdikakj isgsk ish,q cSjSka ks|=la fjzjd'56mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`yg jxpdjka wjuka |=la mSvd we;s fkdflfrAjd'57 uj 58 ish tlu mq;` rlakdla fuka ish,q iFjhska fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrkak' ;uka o wkHhka o hk ish,q wdldrfha iSudjka |=relruska wkHhkayg o ;ukag mrsoafoka fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; l< hq;`h'59 iEu brshjzjloSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoju isysfhka isgskak' nU jsyrKh hkq fujeks msrsis|= mej;`uls'60 lsisod oDIags.;slfhla fkdjS iS,fhka yd hym;a oelafuka hqla;j ldu ixZ{dfjys ksrAfjzohg meusK fuf,dj fkdWmoskafkah'61 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrK ( Metta Cocept & Four Nobile Life ) n@yau jsydrhla f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h nq|=iuh ;`< m@Ndjs;h' nq|=rcdKkajykafia wh;a jkafkao Y@uK iuzm@odhghs. nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;a l< fu;a;d ixl,amh fuf;la tu m@ia;`;h ms<snZoj bosrsm;alrkq ,enqjd jQ w;sYh mqZM,au yd wx.iuzmQrAK u wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,amh f,i oelajsh yel' fuz wkqj nq|=rcdKkajykafia fu;a;d ixl,amh isjq nU jsyrKj,g wka;rA.; fldg b;d mqZM,a wrA:fhka hqla;j foaYkd l<y. isjq nU jsyrKj,g wh;a b.ekajSuzjkqfha fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d yd WfmalaLd hk ixl,am i;rhs' fuys fu;a;d hkafkka woyiajkqfha ffu;@shhs' us;@Fjhhs ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ys; iqj ie,iSfuz we;s jk leue;a;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ffjrhg yd fl@daOhg m@;sjsreoaO iajNdfhka ixcdkkh flfrkakd jQ ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid is; ksjSug yd iekiSug m;ajk nj oyfuys iZoyka fjz' fuys iZoyka iafkayh kuz is; uD|= yd lu!KH iajNdjh muqKqjk ,sys,a njhs' fuu ,sys,a nj ufkda ldhsl ikaiqka iqjodhs njla ckkh jk wdldrfhka is;g m@S;suh fuda|=jSuhs' il,jsO ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys yg.kakd rECI 53
iajNdjh |=re lrkqfha thg m@;smCI ixcdkkh jk uD|= iy.; ,sys,a nj kuz iafkayh njhs' fuys iafkayh kuz yqfola is;g wd;;sh we;s lrjk ;DIaKdj fkdfjz' ;DIaKdj yg.kajkafka ksis wdldrfhka wruqK .@yKh lr.ekSug wiu;ajSu fya;`fjka tlS wruqKqfKys h:d iajNdjh fkdyeZosk yqfola fjhsos; mCIfhka muKla thg weZMuz lrkakg hdu ksid ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS ;;ajhla Wodfjz' fudayh f,i yeZoskafjkafka ixl,am ixcdkkh flfrys ndOdldrS f,i l@shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajlSh pska;k iajNdjhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksishdldrfhka ixcdkkh fkdjSu fuday mQj!dx.u jSu kuska yeZoskafjz' fudaymQj!x.u ps;a; ixl,amhka ixcdkk jkqfha f,daN iajrEmfhks' fuys kshu iajNdjh jsoHudk flfrkqfha m@Z{dj uQ,sl fldgf.k wkHhka wruqKq lr f.k my<jk jsgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS woafjzI iajrEmfhka ksrEms; yd tfukau wf,daN iuzm@hqla; ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh us;@Fjh jYfhka f.k o ie,lsh yelsh' uska us;@ nj yd us;@ .`Kh i,ld we;' ffu;@sfhys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys ys;j;a ,CIKfhka hqla;j meje;auh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh kuz i;aFjhka flfrys ys;iqj m@drA:kd lsrSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh kuz ffjr ixl,amhka is;ska |=re lsrSuh' mogzGdkh f,dj jikakd jQ ishZM wdldrfha ffcj jrA.hd jsIfhys leu;s iajrEmh oelajSuh' iuzm;a;sh jHdmdo ixisZojSu jk w;r jsm;a;sh fuday iajrEmfhka jQ iafkay bmsojSuhs' fuday iajrEmfhka fkdjQ iafkayh fodaIfhka f;drh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ.u Ndjs;d jk wfkla ixl,amh lreKdjhs' lreKdj jsia;r flfrkqfha i;a mqreIhska jsiska wkHhkaf.a |=l oel tu |=l ;ud m;a |=lla f,i i,ld bka ish yoj; wkHhkag msysg jSfuz fpz;kdfjka mqrjd .ekSfuz fp;kdj fyj;a ixl,amh f,ihs' wkHhkaf.a |=flys is;a thska luzmdjg m;a jkafka o lreKdj ksiduh' fuys iZoyka jk luzmkh kuz wkHhkaf.a |=lanr iajNdjh wruqKq fldg is;ays my< lr.kakd ixfjzoSFjhhs' fuu ldreksl iajNdjh mqoa., fNaoh wkqj mqZM,a iajNdjhla .kshs' OHdk ugzgfuzoS iEu mqoa.,fhl`u ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.;a;d jQ uQ,sl lreKd ixl,amh me;srjSu jYfhka mqZM,a l< hq;`h' lreKdj |=laLs;hka flfrys me;srjSuz jYfhka jHdma; l<hq;` nj o iZoyka fjz'62 lreKd hk ps;a; ixl,amh ;j;a fndfyda wdldrhlska o oelajsh yelsh' idudkH mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s jkakd jQ lreKdjg jvd fndaOs iuzNdrhka mQrKh lrkq ,nkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia kul ;`< yg .kakd lreKdj uy;ah' fndaOsiFjjrfhl` ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdjg jvd iuzud iuznq|=jrhdKka jykafiakul ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdfjz iajrEmh w;s uy;ah' th uyd lreKd hkqfjka oelafjkafka tfyhsks' lreKd hkafkka woyia jkqfha |=%Ls; iFjhka |=gqjsg Tjqka flfrA my<jk yDo luzmkh nj by; iZoyka idudkH jsia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fjz' Tjqka tu |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka huzlsis i;amqreIfhl`f.a is;ays |=lg m;a f,dal iFjhd wruqKqfldg my<jk lreKdju tys mrsmQrAK wjia:dj f,i ie,fla' iuzud iuznq|=rcdKkajykafia,d ;`< my<jk lreKdfjz tu mrsmQrAKdjia:dj uyd 54
lreKd iudm;a;s Z[dKh jYfhka yeZoskafjz' tu ksid nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jpkhla f,i lreKdj hk mohu fhdod uyd ldreKslhka jykafia,d hk fh|=u Ndjs;d lrkq ,efnz. lreKdfjys ,CIKh |=laLs; iFjhkaf.a |=la |=re lrk wdldrfhka meje;auhs' fufia is;Suz ud;@ jYfhka ishZM f,dal jdiS iFjhkaf.a ishZM |=la |=re jqjo fkdjqj o th fuu ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS fkdfjz' m@Odk jYfhka wm fuys oS wruqKq lr.kakd tys rih kuska yeZoskafjk lreK kuz furud |=la fkd bjiSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh f,i oelafjkafka wjsysxidjh' tfukau tys mogzGdkh |=lska fmZMKjqkaf.a wirK nj oelauhs' ta fya;`j ksidu wirKhka |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka ps;a; ixl,amhka yg.kshs' lreKd ixl,amfhys iuzm;a;sh jYfhka oelafjkqfha jsysxid ixisZojSuhs' lreKd ixl,amh ixcdkkh flf,ilj;a jsm;a we;s fkdlrjhs' fudayuQ,sl jYfhka wruqKq jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksid bka we;s jk jsm;a;s jYfhka lreKdjg wruKq jQ |=laLs; iFjhka iqjm;a lsrSuz jYfhka Tjqkayg m@udKhg jvd weZMuz lsrSu wka;rdhldrS jkafka huz fyhlska fuu ixcdkkh fuday uQ,sl jqjfyd;a bka bmfok fifkyi ksid we,Suz neZoSuz yg .ekajSfuz bvlv myiqfjka we;sjk ksidh' funZ|= fifkyila we;s ;eke;a;d;`< wkHhka ksid weZMuzlr jQ iskd yg.ekSu we,Suz neZoSuz we;s jQ njg ,l`Kla jYfhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'63 uqos;dfjys iajNdjh iajNdjh i;`gg m;ajSuhs' huzlsis wruqKla ms<snZoj is;g we;sjkakd jQ i;`g fudaokh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' wkqkaf.a iemiuzm;a yd hi biqre ms<snZoj ixcdkkh fldg bka i;`gg m;ajSu uqos;dj kuska yeZoskafjz' uqos;dj we;sjSug BrAIHdj kuska yeZoskafjk iDKd;aul wdl,am is;ska |=rejsh hq;`h' ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d bgq lrkq ,nkakd jQ ldrAhh wruqKq fldg th lrK ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" tu ixl,amh tu bgq lrkq ,nk ldrAhhg wOsm;s jYfhka i,ld l;!D ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" ta folskau jHx.drA:j;a jk Ndjuh iajNdjh i,ld Ndj ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda uqos;dj jsia;r lsrSug yelsh' uqos;dj iqLs; iFjhka wruqKqfldg isf;ys my<fjhs' fuh BrAIHdjg m@;smCI OrAuhhs' idrOrAu ixl,amhla jYfhka .;al< fuys fndfyda fldgu olakg ,efnkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkays me;slv kuz wdfjzok me;slvhs' fuu wdfjzokh m@fudaokh is; by<g bmsf<k iajNdjh wruqKq fldg mj;shs' fuhg wruqK f,i .kakd iqLs; iFj wruqKo isf;ys m@fudao iajNdjh ;Sj@r lrjkakg Wmldrj;a jkakls' uqos;dfjys ,CIKh m@fudaoh fyj;a wkHhkaf.a iem iuzm;a wruqKqfldg i;`gqjSuh' rih BrAIHdfjka je<lSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh kuz mr iuzm;a wOsl`Y,OrAu" fjfyr jsydr hk fuys fkdwef,k iajNdjh ke;s lsrSuh' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjhkaf.a iuzm;a;s oelauh' iuzm;a;sh fkdwe,au ixisZojd,Suh' jsm;a;sh neZoSuz jYfhka yg.kakd isf;ys i;`g we;sjSuhs' WfmalaLd hkak wffjr fj;ajd hkdoS jHdmdo |=re lsrSfuka o" uOHia:Ndjhg meusKSfuka o w;am;a lr.; yelsh'64 WfmaCId hkafkka woyiajkqfha iFjhka jsiska jsZoskq ,nk 55
|=laiem ish,a,lau Tjqkaf.a lu!dkqrEmj meusfKk nj ie,lSfuka lu!h ;u;uka wh;a fldg we;s nj fufkys lsrSfuka isf;ys we;slr.kakdjQ uOHia:;djhhs' fyj;a ueoy;a Ndjhhs' WfmaCIdj uZ.ska ueoy;a wdfjzokhka weiqre fldg isf;ys we;sjkakd jQ ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka o fndfyda fldg u ikaisZ|=kq iajNdjhka fmkajhs' tfukau wdfjzok me;slfvys jshqla;;d .`Kh o we;' jshqla; nj hkq ixhqla; njska fjka jSuhs' fyj;a ps;a; mdCIsl nj wOsl fldg we;' i;r n@yau jsyrKu jshqla; idrOrAu ixl,am jqj o fuu WfmaCId wdfjzokfhys jshqla;;d .`Kh fiiq wdfjzohkag jvd wOsl;rh' WfmaCIdfjys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: wdldrfhka meje;auh' rih m@shd oS fNao we;s i;aFjhka flfrys iu;;ajfhka we;sjSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh ;ry yg.ekSu ixisZojSuhs' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjfhda lu!h wkqju Wia my;a nj Wreu lr.;af;a hehs kqjKska ie,lSuhs' m@fhdackh kuz ;ry we;sjSu ixisZojSuh' jsm;a;sh neZoSu ksid yg.kakd jQ we,afuka cks; jQ wZ{dk jQ WfmaCIdj yg.ekSuhs' WfmaCId iy.; fudayh wZ{dfkdafmCId kuz fjz' i;r n@yau jsyrKhkag wh;a fuz ixl,am i;frys uQ,sl iudkluz yd tajdgu iqjsfYaIS jsjsO yev;, o olakg ,efnz. iudklu jkqfha fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` njhs' taksid jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys fuu ixl,am i;rg wmamuZ[aZ[d hehs jHjydr lrkq ,efnz.fuu ixl,am i;rg n@yaujsyrK hehs lshkq ,nkafka uyd n@yauhd <Z. fuz .`K we;ehs ie<flk nejsks. tnejska f,daljdiSyq Tyqg f.#rj lr;s. fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d WfmalaLd hk i;rska tla tla lreKska iuzmQrAKj jsiqfha kuz th n@yau jsyrKhg iudk jkafkah' th W;`uz jsyrKhla nejska n@yau jsydr hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz. fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdj ( Metta Cincept & Meditation ) jsoY!kd iqLh yd Nj iuzm;a;sh fuz i;r n@yaujsydrhka jrAOkh lsrSu ksid fmd|=fjz ysusjk jrm@idohhs' jHdmdofhka is; uqojd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjhs' lreKdfjys iqjsfYaIs iajNdjh jsysxidfjka usoSuhs' uqos;dfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh kuz wr;sh kuska yeZoskafjk fkdmej;Su ms,snZoj yg.efkk wdYdj is;ska bj;a lr .ekSuhs' WfmaCIdfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh jkqfha fkdmeje;au uq,lr .;a rd.fhka ( tla;rd |=rlg fuys WpzfPAo iajrEmhla wka;rA.; fjz' ) bj;a jSuhs' 65 fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` ksid;a ixl,am i;rgu mdol jkqfha ffu;@s iy.; fpz;kdj jk ksid;a fuz lreKq i<ld fuz ixl,am i;frysu flaJ|@Sh wdl,amh jkqfha fu;a iy.; fpz;kdj hehs fmd|= tlZ.Fjhlg meusKsh yel'tu ixl,am i;rg iqjsfYaIs jsjsO yev;, olakg we;s kuq|= fuu ixl,am ish,a,gu mdol 56
jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid tu ixl,amh wdruzNlj jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a uki fiiq ixl,amj,g ixcdkk wdOdrlhla imhhs' tu ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa., uki fiiq ixl,amhkao yg.ekSug iq|=iq ;;ajhg yev .iajkq ,nhs' fud<fhys ridhksl yd cSjjsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ikaksfjzokhkag m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhka imhdfohs' i;r n@yau jsyrK w;`frka tla tla n@yau jsydrKhg wdikak i;`rdh" |=r i;`rd hehs i;`frda fofofkls'66 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl``yg wdikakfhys yeisfrk i;`rd fuka ffu;@S n@yau jsyrKhg rd.h wdikak i;`rdh' ffu;@sh yd rd.h .`K oelafuys ,d iudk nejsks' ta rd. i;`rd iaj,am jQo isys uQ,dfjlska ffu;@sh |=re fldg ta wruqK .kakg ksis nejska Tyqf.ka is; ukd fldg /l .; hq;`hs' rd. ixl,amfhys ndysr iajrEmh jk wruqfKys m@idoh yg.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhyso olakg ;sfnz' rd. ixl,amh ksrAfjzoh lrd hk hful`f.a m@;smodfjys fjz.h ukao.duS lrk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh tu .uk fjz.j;a lrhs' ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd rd. ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSfuz cSj jsoHd;aul iuzNdjs;djla usksid we;`ZM ish,qu cSjSka Wreu lrf.k isgshs' fuz fya;`j ksid ixcdkkuh jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrkakd fuhska uy;a wmyiqjlg ,la fjz' jHdmdohg nshm;a fkdjS fu;a;d ixl,amh jv jvd;a ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrk w;r;`r tljsgl oS fl@daOh jrAOkh lrkafkah hk fuz fol lsis jsgl oS j;a tljsg is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSu ksid is; rZM lrk jHdmdo ixl,amh is;g fkdmsjsfia'67 prAhd jYfhka ndysrj m@ldY jk muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jS ;snSu fuysoS wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj fia ie,fla' lreKd n@yau jsyrKhg mSvd iys; foduzki wdikak i;`rdh' jsm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' jsysxidj |+r i;`rdh' lreKdj yd jsysxidj iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' ta fyhska jsysxidfhka nshg m;a fkdjS lreKd jevsh hq;`h' uqos;d n@yau jsyrKhg we,Suz iys; fiduzki wdikak i;`rdh' we,Suz iys; fiduzki hkq m@sh ukdm wruqKq ,en ta flfrys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,au yd fmr ,enqjd jQ m@sh ukdm wruqKq ms<snZoj jrA;udkfhys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,auhs' iuzm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' fkdwe,au |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska ta fkdwe,afuka nsh fkdjS uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh j;a j;au is; jv jvd;a m@uqos; jkafkah' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrhg jkdys we,Suz iys; wZ{dk WfmaCIdj wdikak i;`rdh' neZoSuz iys; we,afuka yg.kakd WfmaCId kuz lsishuz wruqKl h:d iajNdjh fkdoekSu ksid tu wruqK flfrys uq,dfjka ueoy;a nj we;s lr .ekSuhs'68 fodaI .`K wjsjdrK jYfhka iudk nejsks' rd.h yd ;ryj |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska rd.fhka yd ;ryfhkaa nshg m;a fkdjS WfmaCIdj jevsh hq;`h' WfmCIdj ixcdkkh lrkafkah' rd.h yd m@;s>h jrAOkh lrkafkah hkq lsis lf,l tla jsfgl is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' n@yau jsydr 57
kdufhka ie,flk fulS i;r ixl,amhka ishZM ffcj j.!hd jsIfhysu we;s fmd|= w;Dma;slr ;;ajfhka fuz i;r n@yau jsydr i;aFjhka flfrys ysff;Is nj we;s PJoh Wmojhs' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrh o i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: mej;`uz leu;sjSuz jYfhka mj;akd PJoh m@Odk fldg mj;shs' tys olakg we;af;a yqfola jsjD; iajNdjh yd jsreoaO fkdjSuz jYfhka mj;akd jQ PJoh fjz' fuz jQ l,S uOHia: jQ PJohhs' tuZ.ska laf,aY yd kSjrKdosh uev meje;ajSu uOHh f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wm!Kdj jQ l,S tys wjidk wjia:dj fjz' i;r n@yau jsyrK w;rska fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ;`k p;`Ial kHdhg wkql~,j ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdjfldg mj;S' mxp kHdhhg wkql~,j i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg mj;S' fuu fu;a;d" lreKd yd uqos;d hk ixl,amj, fidukiaih jsoHduk jk nejsks' fidaukiaih isf;ys fkdue;s jsg fidaukiaifhka Wmoskd jHdmdo" jsysxid" wr;Ska f.a ksiairKh we;sjk ksidh' ldudoSkag ksiairKh jQ fklaLuzudoSka fuka foduzkia iemsh hq;` jHdmdodoSkag ksiairKh jQ fu;a wdoSyq fiduzkia iy .shd fj;s hk wrA:hs' ksiairK .@yKfhkau mQrAj jQ fu;a;doSkaf.a WfmaCId iuzm@fhda.h o wkqZ{d;hhs o; hq;`h' tfyhskau we|=frda wgjsis isf;lays lreKd" uqos;djkaf.a m@jD;a;sh mikq ,efn;s' WfmaCId fjzokdj jkdyS wjfYaI tl OHdkhuh' l`ula fyhskao WfmaCIdj fjzokdj yd iuzm@hqla; fyhsks' ta tfiauh' i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia:dldrfhka mj;akd n@yau jsydfrdafmCIdj WfmaCId fjzokdj ke;sj fkd mj;afkah' nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska wx.`;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys oS OHdk i;r – i;r n@yau jsyrKfhys ,d idudkHfhka jodrK ,oafoah' tkuq;a i;r n@yau jsyrKu 69 i;rjeks – miajeks OHdk fkdfjzz' tfia kuz ldhdkqmiaikdosh o i;rjk miajk OHdk hehs lshkakg is|= fjz' fjzokdkqmiaikdosfhys m@:u OHdkh mjd fkdue;s ksid oajs;Sh OHdkdosh flfiaj;a fkd,efnz'70 tfyhska nqoaO jpkfhys jHxZ[ck Pdhd ud;@h muKla i,ld iuzud iuznq|=rcdKka jykafiayg wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh fkd l< hq;`h'71 nqoaO jpkh .eUqreh' wdpdhH! u;hka flaJ|@fldgf.k ;uka o jspdr mQrAjlj OrAu jskh yd iiZod n,d ksjeros hehs iEySug m;a jkafka kuz muKla ms<s.; hq;`h'72 fuz wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu OHdk ugzgfuka .;a l, mxpu yd p;`Ial jYfhka fojoEreuz fjz' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuzoS th ldhdkqmiaikd Ndjkdj mQrAj Ndjkdjla fldg bka wk;`rej is|= lrkakd jQ ia:dkhkaysoS th yeZoskafjkafka ps;a; iudOsh mQrAjx. lr.kakd ,o ldhdkqmiaikdj f,isks'73 tu fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh wrAy;ajh olajdu fhduq.; jS mj;shs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkfhys mrsiudma;s wjia:dj ;`kajk OHdk wjia:dj yd i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jHdma; jS mj;sk nj o;a hq;`h' fuhska Tnzfnys we;af;a i;rjk OHdk wjia:djhs' tu i;rjk OHdk wjia:djg m;ajSug kuz WfmaCId ixl,amh jrAOkh l< hq;`h' tfukau WfmaCId ixl,amh i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd wjYH kuz flfkl`g m@.`K lsrSug o mqZMjk' wNsOrAu kHdh wkqjo fuys iudk njla oel.; yelsh' fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ixl,amhka ;`k jrAOkh 58
lsrSfuz l@shd mgsmdgsh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o jsia;r lr ;sfnz' WfmaCId ixl,amh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS miajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys jsYd, jsia;rhla olajd we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhaoS us;@Fjh mokuzlr .ekSu;a lreKd ixl,amfhaoS wkqluzmdj mokuzlr .ekSu;a uqos;d ixl,amfhaoS m@fudaoh mokuzlr .ekSu;a WfmaCId ixl,amfhaoS uOHia:;dj mokuzlr .ekSu;a fuu ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ,sl jsjsOFjh jYfhka oelajSug yel' tkuz tla tla wjia:djkaysZoS isf;a wdfjzok mCIfhys olakg ,efnkakdjQ jsjsO;d i<ldf.k ta wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.a m@;scdkd;aul ixjrAOkh ie,fla'tysoS tuZ.ska we;sjk wNHka;r.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgfuz mrsmQrAKFjh i<ld tajd OHdk kdufhkao wrA: olajkq ,efnz' flfiajqj;a OHdk kuska oelafjk wNHka;r ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgu olajd ps;a; ixjrAOkh we;slr .ekSug kuz ta iZoyd l@udkql~,j ixjrAOkh lr.; hq;` l`Y,;d moaO;shla olajd ;sfnz' fulS ps;a; ixjrAOkfha by<g .ukal< yelafla m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K lsrSu uZ.ska muKla nejs olajd ;snSu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys flaJ|@Sh jeo.;alu jvd fydZoska ;yjqre fjhs'74 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ;j;a wxYhla wOHhkh lsrSug jeo.;a wjia:djls' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d Ndjkdj flfia jsia;r lr ;sfnzoehs jgyd .ekSu jeo.;ah'75 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ jsjsO l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lr we;'76 my; oelafjkafka fu;a;d Ndjkdj l< yels ;j;a wdldrhls' l`uk wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l<;a ;u ;ukaf.a prs;dkQl~,j yd wjia:dkQl~,j jevsh hq;` wdldrhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; jsjsO jk nejska ta iEu l@ufjzohlau tl yd iudkju jeo.;a jk nj mejish yelsh'77 OrAudkqidrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdksixY my; iZoyka mrsos fufkys l< hq;`h'78 fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg we;s bjiSu mru ;mi kuska yeZoskafjz'79 tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amh n,ldrl OrAuhla jYfhka yd th n,weKshla mrsoafoka kej; kej; ish is;a i;kays m@.`K lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hdu n@dyauK kduh ,nhs'80 fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd jevs Wiia .`Khla ke;' fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevSfuz oS m<uqj fu;a jevsh hq;` mqoa.,hd ljfrla o tfiau m<uqj fu;a jevSu wfhda.H mqoa.,hd ljfrla oehs mqoa., jsIu;djh yZ|=kd.; hq;` fjz' wm@sh" w;sm@sh iydh" uOHia: yd ffjrS hk i;r jeoEreuz mqoa.,hka fjk m<uqj fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' jsreoaO ,sx.slhka flfrys iSud iys; jYfhka yd u<jqka flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrA: iuzmkak fkdjk nejska tfia fkdl< hq;` hehs meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' 59
ula ksid o h;a wm@sh mqoa.,hd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka is;g mSvd we;s fjz' w;s m@sh iydhlhd uOHia: ia:dkfhys ;nd .kakg hdfuka tfiau is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' Tyqg iaj,am |=lla meusKs l, mjd yZvkakg is|= fjz' uOHia: mqoa.,hd .re ;kays yd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka o is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' ffjrS mqoa.,hd .ek isys fjkakd jQ jydu fl@daOh Wmoskafkah' tnejska m@sh wm@shd oS fulS i;r fokd flfrys m<uq fldg fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' ia;@Skag mqreIhka yd mqreIhkag ia;@Ska jsreoaO ,sx.slhka nejska Tjqka flfrys isud jYfhka wij,a ;eke;a;dg fyda wij,a ;eke;a;shg fu;a is; m;`rjushs fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkakg hdfuka fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdj rd.h jrAOkh jkafkah' tfiau u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; me;srjSfuka wm!Kd – Wmpdr hk OHdkuh ;;ajhka ,o fkdyelsh' ta ksid u<jqka wruqKq lr fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkakd jsiska m<uq fldg u fu;a;d ixl,amh jevsh hq;` jkafka ;uka wruqKq lrf.kh' uu iqjm;a fjuzjd" uu ks|=la fjuzjd hkqfjka fyda uu ffjr ke;af;la fjuzjd" jHdmdo ke;af;la fjuzjd" Wm|@j ke;af;la fjuzjd iqjfia wd;auNdjh mrsyrKh lrkafkla fjuzjd lshd fyda h<s h<s;a ;uka flfrys u fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' jsNx. m@lrKfhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` jkafka tla mqoa.,fhl`yg fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrk wdldrhgu ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys o fu;a;d ixl,amh iudk wdldrfhka jHdma; l< hq;` nj olajd we;'81 tfiau mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;af;a mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzj mia wdldrhlska nj meyeos,s lr oS we;'82 by; jsNx.fhys yd mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys m<uqj ;ukag fu;a fkdjvd ish,q fokdgu fu;a jevsh hq;` nj olajd ;sfnz' m<uqj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajk ,oafoa m<uqj ;ukag fu;a jevsh hq;` njhs' fuu m@ldY fol mriamr jsfrdaOS fkdfjz' fuu .@J: foflys ffu;@S Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` ms<sfj< olajd we;af;a wm!Kd jYfhks' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys m<uqfjka u ;ukag ffu;@S jevsh hq;` hehs olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uqj ;ud YdCIs fldg wkHhkag fu;a jevSu bf.kSu msKsih' wdoslu!uslhd o i,ld f.kh' fuys iZoyka wdoslu!uslhd kuz m<uqfldg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ mqoa.,hdh' wjqre|= ishhla oyila kuq|= ;ud flfrys muKlau ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,fh;`g flosklj;a OHdk wm!Kd Wmojd .; fkdyelsh' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoykajk mrsoafoka uu huzfia |=lg fkdleue;af;us o iqjfia cSj;afjkq leue;af;uz o wkHhka o ud fiau |=lg fkdleue;af;ysh' iqjfia cSj;ajkq leue;af;dah' hkdoS f,iska ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrUkakdg myiq nejska th jvd;a l@udkQl~, hehs ms<s.efka' iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu ;ukaj ;ukag m@sh nejska th Wmudkjg f.k wkHhkayg o ysxid lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h'83 fuz wdldrfhka ;uka Wmud jYfhka ;ndf.k ish,q ffcj m@cdj flfrys u fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;`h hk l@uh nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrk ,oafoah' tnejska uekjska m@.`KjSu msKsi 60
m<uq fldg ;uka flfrys fu;a jevsh hq;`h' bka wk;`rej iqjfia ffu;@sh mj;ajkq msKsi ;ukayg m@sh ukdm .re iuzNdjkSh wdpdhH!jrfhla fyda wdpdhH! iudkfhla fyda WmdOHdhfhla fyda WmdOHdh iudkfhla fyda fjz kuz Tyqf.a odk m@sh jpkdoS jQ m@sh ukdm ldrKd o YS, Y@e;j;a wdoS jQ .re iuzNdjkSh ldrK o i,ld tu i;a mqreIhd iqjm;a fj;ajd ks|=la fj;ajd hkd oS l@ufhka fu;a is; jrAOkh l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj is|= lsrSfuka taldka;fhka u wm!Kd OHdk ;;ajfhka is; by<g f.k taug yelsh' fuu fhda.djprhd tf;lska ish wNsm@dh wjika jQjd hehs i;`gg meusK ish W;aiyh ,sys,a lr fkdf.k ;j |=rg;a ish ffu;@S ps;a;h jrAOkh l< hq;`h' blans;sj Ndjkdkqfhda.shdg we;af;a iSudjka blaujd ish fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jrAOkh lsrSfuz mshjrhs'84 iSudjka blaujkq leue;s fhda.djprhd jsiska m<uq fldg ;udf.a w;sm@sh us;@hd flfrys fu;a is; fydZoska m@.`K fldg wk;`rej uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a jvd th fydZZoska m@.`K jQjdhska miqj ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h'85 kej; tlS ffjrS mqoa.,hka flfrys ffjrS ixZ{djka jsIaluzNkh lr uOHia:hg muqKqjk fpz;kdfjka m@sh Ndjh o Wmojkakyq jsiska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkfhys ,d ;j ;j;a W;aiyj;a jsh hq;`h'86 ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jv;au ta mqoa.,hd flfrys fl@daO ixZ{djka my< fjz kuz tjsg m<uq Ndjkd wruqKq jYfhka ;nd.kakd ,o ;udg m@sh mqoa.,hka w;rska hful` flfrys ffu;@S OHdk ,nd thska ke.sg kej; ffjrS mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg fu;a is; jvkakg W;aiy .; hq;`h'87 kuq;a thska o ;u is; Wmka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg wiu;a fjz kuz is;g fkdfhl`;a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndoSuz wkqidrfhka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg kej; kej; W;aiy 88 l< hq;`h' we;eful`f.a ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a jdla – udkisl yeisrSuz rgdj wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukisl iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` jpkfhka mjik foa wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` f.a jdpsl m@ldYk Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wej;`uz mej;`uz rgdj wYdka;h' ta wYdka; ldh ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jdla iudpdr u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful`f.a udkisl is;`js,s rgdj Ydka;h' ta nj ta mqoa.,hd lrk lshk lghq;` wdosfhys oS ish,a,kag u oek .; yelsh' fkd ikaiqka is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` jsiska is|= lrk ,nk lghq;`j, jsoHudk jk wms,sfj< iajNdjh 89 uZ.ska ta mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; iajNdjh ms<snZo ;rul jegySula ,ensh yelsh' we;eful`f.a fuz ;@sjsO l@shdldrluz u wYdka;h'90 tnZ|= ;eke;a;d flfrys lreKdj Wmojsh hq;`h' lreKdj ksid fl@daOh ixisfZokafkah'91 fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r mZCoapl ksmd;fhys iZoykajk w>d;mgsjskh iQ;@h bjy,a lr.; yelsh'92 fuz wdldrhg ;ud jsiskau 61
;ukag wjjdo lr .ekSu uZ.skq;a ;u oafjzIh my fkd.sh l< ;udf.a yd i;`rdf.a lrAu Yla;shu i,ld ixisZ|=jd .; hq;`h'93 thska ;udf.a lrAu Yla;sh i,ld ne,sh hq;` jkafka Ydia;Dka jykafia .`re fldg ;ndf.kh'94 fufia ie,lSfukq|= fkd ixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! fndaOsiFj prs; l:djkays iZoyka jkakd jQ fndaOsiFj .`Khka ie,lSu ;`<ska fyda th ixisZ|=jd .ekSu msKsi W;aiy .;hq;`h'95 fufia Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! prs; .`K isys lr;`|= fndfyda ld,hla flf,iqkag odhl jq Tyqf.a fl@daOh fkdixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej wku;.a.sh iQ;@h isys l< hq;`h' ta l< hq;af;a o fuz wdldrfhks'96 tfia fu;a;d ixl,amh jO!kh lr .kakg W;aiy fldg;a" fkdyels jsks kuz wkaouska fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fhys oelafjk wkaoug ffu;@S ps;a;h m@.`K lrkakg W;aiy l< hq;`h'97 fufia fu;a;dksixi isys fldg;a isf;ys oafjzIh myj fkdfha kuz O;` jsksrAfNda.h l<hq;`h'98 Od;` jsksrAfNda.h lrkakg fkdyels jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd jsiska odkh uZ.ska fyda fl@daO fpz;kdj |=re lrkakg 99 W;aidy l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka fl@daOh ixisfZo;a u m@sh - w;sm@sh – iydh – uOHia:hka flfrys fuka ta ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o is; ffu;@S jYfhka mj;shs' tjsg Tyq kej; kej; ffu;@S fldg iSud iuzfNaoh l< hq;`h' ;ud flfrys o" m@shhd flfrys o" uOHia:hd flfrys o" iu is;a bmsojSu iSud iuzfNaohhs'100 fuz wdldrfhka iSud iuzfNaoh ,n;a u ta mqoa.,hd ksus;a; o Wmpdr o hk folu ,enQ Wmpdr iudOsfhka hqla; iudys; is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` f,i ie,fla'101 iSudiuzfNaoh ,nd.;a miqj Wmojd .kakd ,o ta ksus;a;u jv jvd;a fiajkh lr;au jrAOkh lr;au mqZM,a njg uy;a iajNdjhg m;alr;au ksrdhdifhka mGjs lisKfhys olajk ,o mrsos OHdkhl uQ,sl wjia:djjQ wm!Kd wjia:dj olajd th oshqKq fjz'101 fuf;lska ta Ndjkdkqfhda.shd laf,aY mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hka m@ySK lrk ,o tfukau l`Y, mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hkaf.ka iukajs; jQ" ;@sjsO l,HdK iuzm;ska wkQk jQ yd oY ,CIKfhka hqla; jQ ffu;@S iy.; m@:u OHdkh ,enq mqoa.,fhla fjz'102 fuz wdldrfhka uy;a fia |=Ialr;d jsZo b;d jer jEhuska Wmojd .kakd ,o ta m@:u OHdk ksus;a;u ;j |=rg;a fiajkh lruska jrAOkh lruska mqZM,a njg m;alruska wkq ms<sfj<ska iQ;@ msglfhys p;`Ial kHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh OHdkhkag o103 thu fjk;a f,ilska jsia;r lrf;d;a wkq ms<sfj<ska wNsOrAu msglfhys mZ[apl khHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh yd p;`F:s OHdkhkag o meusKSug yelshdjla we;s lr .kshs'104 fuys oS fhda.djprhd jsiska Wmojd .kakd ,o m@:u" OHdkdoSka w;`frka lsishuz OHdkhl isg ffu;@S is;ska tla osYdjla m;`rjd jdih lrhs' tfiau fojk" f;jk yd i;r jk osYd o Wv hg yd yria w; o hk ish,qu ia:dkhkays iEu w;skau irAj iuzmQrAK wdldrfhka yd irAj iudk f,i uqZM uy;a f,dalh jsmq, jQ uyoa.; jQ wm@udK jQ wffjr jQ wjHdmcAc jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jHdma; lr ta wkqj iajlSh prAhd me;slv o Bg wkq.; lrjd .kshs'105 fulS jsl`nznK m@dma; iajNdjh ,efnkafka m@:u OHdkdoS jYfhka wm!Kdj Wmojd .kakd ,o mqoa.,hdguh' jsl`nznK kuz fuys oela jQ TOsfid 62
fyda wfkdOsfid jYfhka mqoa., prAhdjg n,mEuz lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnk mrsoafoka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk jYfhka jHdma; lsrSuhs' TOsfidMrK ffu;@sh kuz tla tla osYd jYfhka iSud fjkalrf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSuhs' l`i, OrAuhla yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu msKsi W;aiyj;a lsrSu idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpr ( Moral ) .`Khkaj,ska msrsmqka jSu f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' fuys oS idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpdr ( Moral ) hk jpk foflys kshudrA:h meyeos,s lr.; hq;af;a ;@s msglh ;`< idrOrAu yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu meyeos,s lr olajd we;af;a l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i nejsks' idrOrAu hkqfjka woyia jkafka huz lsis wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSudjk tu wd.ug fyda ixialD;shg wh;a idudcslhkaf.a fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdjhs' iodpdrh hkafkka woyia jkqfha tfia wd.ul fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjQ tfy;a fmd|= jsYajSh OrAu;djhla jYfhka yeufokdu talu;slju fydZo hehs ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; yd iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj fjhs' fu;ek oS meyeos,s lr .; hq;` foa jkafka nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj uska l`uk ldKavhg wh;a jkafkao hk ldrKhhs' nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk yeisrSuz rgdj ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj i,ld n,f;d;a meusKsh yels ks.ukh jkqfha yqfola tu yeisrSuz rgdjka lsishuz wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjk njhs' tu ksid tu yeisrSuz rgdjka iodpdrh hkakg jvd;a iuSm fjz' tfiau wd.usl ixorANhla ;`< idlpzPd lr we;s ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enQj;a tys lsis|= jrola fkdue;' nq|= iufhka fmkakquz lrkq ,nk idrOrAu fyj;a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz l`i, hk mofhka iy fndaOsmdCIsl OrAu;d f,i oyu ;`< jsia;r flfrA' fuz wkqj l`i, idrOrAu fyda iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj ksrEmKh lrk w;r nq|= oyuska fmkajk mru ksIaGdj jk fndaOsh fyj;a wjfndaOh lrd hk .ufkys oS tu wjfndaOh ,enSu msKsi jqjukd lrk lreKq fyj;a iq|=iqluz fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; jkakd jQ idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i fuys fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S" prAhd yd iudc jsoHd;aul hk mokuz my f.k ne,Q l, meyeos,s jkafka l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu hkafkka .efkk idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz fuz ;`< wka;rA.; njh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oefkk iajNdjh wOsl nejska tys wdfjzok moku fiiq mokuzj,g jvd jevsmqr olakg ,efnz hehs flfkl` fmkajd fohs' th l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d jYfhka i;r n@yau jsyrK uZ.ska ksrEmKh fj;ehs thg ksoiqka bosrsm;a lr;s' fuz w;r ;j flfkl` olajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska wl`Y, uQ, ;`fkka oafjzI uQ,h hgm;a lr ouk nejska fuu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku fjk;a mokuz j,g jvd wOsl iajNdjfhka olakg ,efnk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` fldg f.k we;s lr.kakd fhdksfidaukisldrh 63
jspdrmQj!l iajNdjh jeks lreKq l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu j,g ksoiqka jYfhka f.k yer olaj;s' fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul jYfhka wfkHdkH Wmldrh" iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh jeks lreKq j,ska fmdfydi;a nejska fuys prAhd moku jvd wOsl nj ;j;a wh f.k yer olaj;s' fuz ish,qu lreKq iudc jYfhka iuQyhla jYfhka iduQyslj lghq;` lsrSu msKsi jeo.;a jk nejska fuu ixl,amh iudc moku w;ska fjk;a mokulg jvd bosrsfhka isgsk nj ;j;a wh fmkajd fo;s' by; lS mokuz ish,a,u fkd wvqj ijsu;aj olakg ,enSuu fuys Z{dk jsNd.Sh mokfuys ijsu;aNdjh fmkajd fok lreKla f,i ;j;a fndfyda fokd iZoyka lr;s' fuz wkqj fmkajd osh yelafla l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk udkqIsl jgskdluhs' ish,qu l`i,hka ffu;@sh ;`< wka;rA.; l< yelafla ish,qu l`i,hka wrA:j;a l< yelafla ukqIH m@cdjla ;`< oS muKla jk nejsks' tfukau fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhka o m@dfhda.slj wrA: iuzmkakNdjhg m;a lr .; yels jkafka o cSj m@cdjla wruqKq fldg ta cSj m@cdfjys hym; Wfoid fuu OrAuhkays .enzjk Wmfhda.S;d ,CIK u;` flfrk mrsos l@shd;aul l< yels jk ksid muKs' fndaOs hk jpkh ;`<g ksrAjdK OrAuh yd wfkl`;a wjfYaI l`i, OrAu ish,a,;a wka;rA.; l< yels fjhs' fndaOs hk jpkh iuZ. fhoS we;s ;`ka;rd fndaOsh fndaOsiFj hk jpk .;al< tys oelafjkafka ksrAjdKdOs.uh fyj;a nq|= iufhys js.@y jkakd jQ mru ksIaGdj yd tu ksIaGdj YdlaId;alrKh msKsi wkq.ukh lrkakd jQ huzlsis l@udkQl~, jevms,sfj<la hkqfjka wmg huzlsis m@udKsl woyila fuz ms<snZoj we;s lr.; yelsjkq we;' l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh oelafjkqfha oS> ksldfha ilalmZ[ay iQ;@fhysh' tysos ila fojsZ|= nq|=r|=kaf.ka jsuid isgskqfha usksiqka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j isgSu m@sh lrk uq;a Tjqkag tfia isgSug fkdyels jS we;s fya;`j ms<snojhs'106 tu mekhg nq|=r|=kaf.a ms<s;`r jkafka BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdackhka fol fya;`fjka fuu fu;a;d ixl,amh ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys yg .ekSug ndOd we;slrjk njhs'107 B <Z.g nq|=r|=ka olajkqfha fuu BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdack OrAu fol yg .ekSug fya;`jQ ksOdk jQ ldrKhhs' fuysoS BrAIHd ud;aiH! fol m@sh yd wm@sh i;aFjhka ksok fldg yg .kakd nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska Yl@hd yg myod fokq ,nk fial'108 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd ;s@ YsCIdj w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOfhys iajrEmh js.@y lr ne,Su uZ.ska ;@s YsCIdj flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh ms<snZoj meyeos,s ks.uhlg meusKsug mqMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku" prAhd moku" Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r mylska iukajs;h' fuu ia:r mfika ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku yd prAhd moku hk ia:r ;`k l@shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl udkqIsl ixfjzok lafIa;@fhysh' fyj;a mqoa.,dNHka;r.;jh' b;srs ia:r fol jk Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk tajdh' tfukau tlS ia:r fol iudc jsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;ah' fuu udkqIsl ia:r ;`k f,i ie,flk ia:rj,ska ixcdkk mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha ;@s YsCIdfjka m@{d YsCIdfjysh' ;@s 64
YsCIdfjka wdfjzok mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iudOs YsCIdfjysh' tfuka u ;@s YsCIdfjka prAhd mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iS, YsCIdfjysh' fuhg wu;r jYfhka Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk b;srs ia:r fol jk {dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r fol m@Z{d YsCIdjg wh;ah' oidx.sl wrAy;a ud.! m@;smodjg wka;rA.; fia ie,flk iuzud Z{dk yd iuzud jsuq;a;s hk udrA.dx. fol;`< .enzjk mssrsmqka wjia:djka fuu ia:r fol uZ.ska ukdj uQrA;su;a l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh kuz lfhka jpkfhka yd ukiska ish,q ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhys ys; iqj we;sjk whqrska lghq;` lsrSuhs' iS,h uZ.ska is|= flfrkafka o ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh ;ud ;`< we;s lr.ekSu uZ.ska ish,q ffcjS f,dj flfrys ys; iqj we;sjkdldrfhka lghq;` lsrSuh' ta wkqj iS,fhka lh yd jpkfhys ixjrh wfmaCId l<;a tu iS,h wrA:j;a flfrkqfha ish,q ffcj f,dj jsIfhys ukiska o ffu;@S fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k l@shd l<fyd;a muKs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iS,h w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOh b;d oevs jQjla fukau wjYHu jQ iy iuznJOhla nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jeo.;au ,CIKh jkqfha th .sys mejsos ia;@S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj isjzjkla msrsigu idOdrKjk wdldrfhka wkqoek jodrd we;s njh. nq|=iufha we;euz ixl,am mejsos mCIh Wfoid jevs wjOdrKhlskq;a .sys mCIh Wfoid idudkH ugzgulskq;a wkqoek jodrd we;.nUir yeisrSu tjeks ixl,amhls.th mejsos mCIh fj;ska jjkfha mrsiudma; ugzgfuz Wmrsu wdldrfhka ;snshhq;` hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka mejsos mCIh .sys iudchg iEu wxYhlskau wdorAYhlaj mej;sh hq;` hehs iudc wdl,amhla mej;Suh. fuz hgf;a iEu jsgloSu mrudorAYS njla yd mrudorAYS yeisrSula mejsos mCIh fj;ska .sys mCIh wfmaCId lrkq ,efnz'109 kuq;a .sys iudch fj;ska tnZ|= wdldrfha oevs jskhj;a meje;aula iudch wfmaCId fkdlrhs..sys mCIh fj;ska iudch n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka Bg jvd ,sys,a m@;sm;a;shla jk ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSuhs.jsOsu;a mjq,a ixia:djla .; lruska iajlSh jrA.hdf.a meje;au ;yjqre lsrSula o iudch idudkH .sys mCIfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' kuq;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`< by; olajk ,o n@yauprsh ixl,amh fuka .sys mejsos jsfYaIFjhla olakg fkd,efnz.fuu ixl,amfhys ia;@S mqreI jYfhka jsfYaIFjhlao olakg fkd,efnz.ta ishZM iFjhd jsIfhys jsYaj idOdrK OrAu;djhla jYfhka ffu;@sh l@shd;aul jk nejsks.i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhkao fuz whqrska .sys mejsos fNaohlska f;drj ishZM fokd jsIfhysu wod< jkakls.fuz ksid i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhka jevSu muKgu ffu;@s ixl,amh jevSuo tl yd iudk jeo.;alulska hqla;jQ fohls. tfiau fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh u;`msgska jsoHudkjk tys jpkdrA:h blaujd hk fndfyda mqZM,a yd .eUqre jQjla nj meyeos,s fjz' 65
NsCIq cSjs;h ;`< ;u wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys meje;ajsh hq;` wdpdrAhj; olajk uydj.a.md,sfha LJOlhka ;`< ta yeu j;lau meje;ajsh hq;`jkafka .`rejrhd flfrys fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg nj olajhs. wdpdrAh WmdOHdh iy ioaOsjsydrslhd w;r meje;ajsh hq;`jQ .`re isiq inZo;djfhys iajNdjh mshmq;` iafkayh fukajQ fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg .;a;la nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;'110 nq|=iiqfka yrs wvlau rZod mj;skafka l,HdK us;@Fjh u;fkaoehs jsuiQ wdkkao ysushkayg nq|=r|=ka foaYkdfldg jodf<a nq|=iiqfka yrs wvla fkdj uqZM iuznqoaO idikhu rZod mj;skafka l<HdK us;@Fjh u; njhs.fuhska meyeos,s jkafka iuzmQrAK nqoaO idikfhysu moku fu;a;d ixl,amh njhs. nq|=rdcKkajykafia mejsos mCIhg jskh YsCId mo;a .sys mCIhg mkais,a wgis,a yd oiis,a hk prAhd YsCIKh;a mkjd we;af;a lh jpk ixjr lr.ekSu ;`<ska mYapd;a ld,Sk ps;a; ixjrAOkhg wjYH lrkakd jQ udkisl miqnsu ta uZ.ska we;slr .;yels nejsks. b;d rZM yeisrSuz rgdjla we;s usksiqkaf.a tu m@d:usl ;;ajfha yeisrSu l@udkQl~,j ixialrK l@shdj,shlg Ndckh lsrSu ;`<ska muKla jvd by< udkisl ugzgulg wj;SrAK jshyels fyhsks.kuq;a lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fha yd fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fha jeks iQ;@ foaYkdj, fmkajd fok wkaoug fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a ukfiys uD|=nj ieye,a,q nj l@shdldrSnj yd kuHYS,SNdjh jeks .`Kdx. jO!khg m;ajSu fya;`fldg f.k ta mqoa.,hd uq,ska olajk ,o m@d:usl prAhd ixialrK l@shdj,shlg NdckhjSu wkjYH iajNdjfhkau fydZo ldreKsl .;s we;s mrdrA:lduS uD|= wysxil is;a we;af;l` njg m;afjz.111 wx.`;a;r ksldfha kjl ksmd;fha .sys mCIh jsiska fmdfydh oskhkays iudokajsh hq;`hehs ksrAfoaYfldg olajd we;s ‘kjdx. Wfmdai: YS,fhys’uq,a YsCIdmo wg wIaGdx. Wfmdai: YS,hg wh;a YsCIdmo wgu jk w;r wjidk fyj;a kjjk YsCIdmoh f,i olajd we;af;a ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ffu;@S iy.; is;ska hq;`j jsiSu iudoka fjus hkqh.uska s .uH jkqfha fmr iZoyka l<djQ YsCIdmo wggu mokuz jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhu njhs.fu;koS olakg ,efnk ;j;a jsfYaIhla jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul ixialrK YsCIK jsOs l@uhla jYfhkao Ndjs;hg .ekSug nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;s njhs. mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr.ekSfuzoS m@Odk jYfhka fohdldr jQ l@ufjzohla Tiafia l@shd l< hq;` nj nq|=iuh meyeos,s lrhs.m<uqfldg whym;a foa lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h' fuh ‘jsr;s’kdufhka yeZoskafjhs' jsr;s hkq fjkajSuhs' mjska yd wl`i,fhka fjkajSu, jsr;s kus.fuu jsr;s ffp;isl jYfhka .;al< iuzud jdpd" iuzud luzuka;" iuzud wdcSj jYfhka jsr;s ;`kls.fuu jsr;s jkdyS iuzm;a;s jYfhkao iudodk jYfhkao iuqpzfPAo jYfhka hkqfjka ;`ka wdldrfjz.jsr;s uZ.ska is|=lrkqfha by; oelajQ wkaoug mqoa.,hd whym;ska je<elajSuhs.nq|=iuh olajk ffp;isl ixjrAOkh bka fl<jr fkdfjz' th wdruzNh 66
muKs. fu;eka isg ta mqoa.,hd tu isf;ys jO!kh lr.;hq;` hym;a foa mqKH yd l`i, kdufhka olajd we;. hym;a foa hg;g wh;a jkafka oi mqKH l@shd oi l`i, OrAu ima; fndcACOx. wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h i;r iDoaOsmdo i;r i;smgzGdk i;r iuzmm@Odk mxpbJ|@sh mxpn, hk OrAuhs. fuhska oi jeoEreuz jQ mqKH yd l`i,hka yerekqjsg fiiq OrAu ish,a,lau mdfya wh;a jkqfha ‘fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu’ hg;gh' fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu kuz nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzguhs. huzlsis mqoa.,fhla fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkafkakuz yd ta wkqj l@shd;aul jkafkakuz ksrdhdifhkau ta mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu jsr;s ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu wNsnjd nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu olajd pss;a; oshqKqj we;sfjk nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz' fuu fmkajdoSu olakg ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wkqiia oelafjk lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fhysh. uska meyeos,s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk ffp;isl ixjrAOk l`i,;djhhs.112 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr .kakdjQ mqoa.,hd orAYk iuzmkakj ishZM lduhkays ixisZoSug meusK kej; ujzl`i jdihg fkdmeusfKk nj fyj;a iir |=l fl<jr lr ksjkg m;ajk nj fuhska lshfjz.;j;a whqrlska lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevqjd jQ mqoa.,hd ishZM fndaOsmdCIsl OrAuhka jevQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgug meusfKa. by; oelafjk wdldrfhka huz mqoa.,fhl` ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska ksrAjdKdjfndaOh olajd oshqKq lr.ekSu ‘fu;a;d fpzf;da jsuqla;s’kdufhka ‘fu;a; iQ;@fhys’ olajd we;.113 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska fpzf;da jsuqla;sh we;slr.; yelsnj fmkajdoSu ;`< ksrAjdKdjfndaOh iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfha we;s Wmfhda.S;djh meyeos,sfjz. fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wdksixi tfld<ila fu;a; iQ;@fha jsia;r lr ;sfnz. ta w;rska is; b;d blaukska iudOs.; jSfuz yelshdj we;sjSu tla wdksixihls' fuh ta fo wxYfhkau Wiia ;,hla lrd .ukalsrSfuz yelshdj fuz;`<ska mqoa.,fhlayg ksrdhdifhkau ,efnk nejsks.114 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS th ps;a; iudOsh yd lsishuz iuznJO;djla olajkafka oehs jsuis,a,g ,la lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudOsh hkqfjka woyia jkqfha isf;ys lsishuz tlZ.Ndjhla we;s jSuhs' ke;fyd;a we;slr .ekSuhs' fuu tlZ.Ndjh jkdyS tlajru we;s jka fohla fkdj l@udkQl~,j isf;ys j.d lr.; hq;` fohls' le<Us we;s uy c, lZola tla jru ksYap, jkafka fkdfjz' tfukau r;a jS we;s hlvhla tlajru isis,a jkafka fkdfjz' kuq;a fuu l@shdjka folu is|= fkd jkafka fkdfjz' wjYH jkafka thg jqjukd ld,h thg ,nd oSuhs' isf;ys l@shdldrSFjh o uqZM ukskau fkdfj;;a tla;rd |=rlg by; olajk ,o ixisoaOSka fohlg iudk lr oelajsh yelsh' le,US we;s uy c, lZo ksYap, jkafka huz fiao" r;a jS we;s hlvh isis,a jkafka huz fiao f.dapr wruqKq ,en tys ukdj msysgqjd .;a l< ke;fyd;a msysgs l< is;o l@udkql~,j ixisZoSug meusfKa' fuu l@shdldrSFjh iudOsh kdufhka yZZ|=kajkq ,nhs' iudOsh ms<snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuzoS is;g iudOsh ,enSug uZ. wjqrk tla;rd udkisl |=rAj,;djhka lsysmhla ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka flrS we;' fuu 67
udkisl |=rAj,;djhka my mxp kSjrK OrAu kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' kSjrK OrAu uZ.ska isf;ys meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd muqKqjd isf;ys wZ|=re l@shdldrSFjhg bv lv i,id fokq ,nhs' ps;a; iudOsh yg.ekSug fnfyjska Wmldrj;a jkafka isf;ys meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhhs' fuu udkisl l@shdldrS iajNdjhka my isf;ka uZolg fyda bj;aj hd kuz tjsg is; ksYap, iajNdjhlg meusfKa' tu ksYap, iajNdjh is; ;ekam;a lrk tla;eka lrk Ndjuh ;;ajhls' fuu ufkdaNdjh iudOs kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,nhs' b;du;au blaukska iudOs keue;s ufkdaNdjhlg isf;ys msjsiqu we;s jkafka is; m@fndaOu;a lrjkakd jQ is;sjs,s oduhla we;sjk jsgoSh' is; isis,a lrjk is; iqkaor lrjk is;sjs,s oduhla ffu;@Sh ;ruz fjk ;j;a fkdue;' fu;a;d ixl,amh u.Zska i;aFj wruqK flaJ|@fldgf.k is;g isis,i ,nd fohs' ys;j;a nj" iqjm;a nj" fkd.efgk nj fuu i;aFjh wruqfKys we;s isis,hs' fuz ;`< ixcdkkuh ixisoZSuo" wfjzokd;aul ixisoZSuo" prAhd ixisoZSuo olakg ,efnz' ixisZ|=kq is; ukdj tla;eka lrjk w;r tla;eka jQ is; ukdj iqj t<jhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha wdKmdk j.a.fhys oelafjkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ps;a; iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu msKsi flfia bjy,a jkafkao hkak hk ldrKhhs'115 tfukau fuysoS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h Wmojd .ekSu msKsi fukau ish,q OHdkdx. jO!kh lsrSu msKsi o fu;a;d ixl,amh mqre|= lsrSu jevSu myiqjla nj olajd ;sfnz'116 tfiau kshu l,HdK us;@Fjh hkqfjka wrA:j;a flfrkqfhao wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug Wojzz Wmldr lsrSu nj ixhq;a; ksldfha l<HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS we;' wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSu iZoyd;a isf;a iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu iZoyd;a l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh uy;a fia Wojz jk whqre tys oelafjz'117 l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;s mqoa.,hd u wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jvk nj;a tlS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jsfjzlh weiqre l<" jsrd.h weiqre l< yd ksfrdaOh weiqre l< is;ska jShH! lsrSfuka ps;a; iudOSka oshqKq l< yels nj;a tys oelafjz'118ixhq;a; ksldfha iQrsh fmhHd,fha l,HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;a;d jsiskau ksrAjdK m@;smodj iuzmQrAK lrk nj fmkajd osh yelsh'120 tfiau wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h jvkakd jQ fy;ux jsfjzlh o" jsrd.ho" ksfrdaOho weiqre lruska ksrAjdKh wruqKq lr.;a b;d by< iudOSka ,nd .ekSfuys kshe,qfkl` jk njo olajd ;sfnz'121 ixhq;a; ksldfhys |=;sh l,HdK fu;a; iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha l,HdK us;@Fjh wdrAh wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug mQrAj m@;smodjla jYfhka Ndjs;d jk njhs'122 rd.h oafjzIh yd fudayh hk f;joEreuz wl`Y, uQ,hkaf.ka f;dr jSu iZoyd l,HdK us;@Fjh mQrAj fldg we;s fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSu w;HjYH jk njhs'123 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd m@{dfjys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@{dj flfrys l`ukdldr Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkafkaoehs jsuis,a,g l,a l< yelsh' idudkH jHjydrfha oS oekqu ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,l;;a nq|= oyu wkqj ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,lkq ,nkqfha m@Z{djhs' fuz wkqj nq|=iuh jsiska o oekqu tys ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj jk m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h f,i fkdi,l;;a 68
m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd .kakd os.` jHdhdufhaoS buy;a f,iska m@fhdackj;a jkakla f,i wrA: olajd ;sfnz'124 nq|= iufha m@Z{dj kdufhka woyia lrk ,oafoa idudkH kqjK blaujd .sh iqjsfYaIS wjia:djls' oekqu kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSug bjy,a fjz' tfy;a oekqu yd kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h fkdfjz' wLKav ksrSCIKh;a wp, isysh;a ;`<ska huzlsis jsIh m@ia;`;hla ms<snZoj meusfKk taldka; wjfndaOh jQl,S m@Z{djhs'125 m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd is|= lrkakd jQ |=Ialr jHdhdufha oS thg wjYH lrkakd jQ ixcdkk l`i,;djh we;s lr .ekSu msKsi wjYH flfrk uQ,sl miqnsu ilia lr fokq ,nkqfha wdfjzok yd prAhd mCIfhka Bg wkql~, jk mrsos kshus; m@.;shla ,nd isgshfyd;a muKh hk wrA:l:kh nq|= iufhka bosrsm;a jS ;sfnz' uQ,sl jYfhka m@:u mshjfrys oS prAhd m@.;sh Wod lr .ekSu Wfoid iS, YsCIKh o" oajs;Sh mshjfrys oS wdfjzok mCIfhka Bg wkkql~< m@.;sh Wod lr,Su msKsi iudOs YsCIKh o" nq|= iufhka ksrAfoaY jS ;sfnz'126 fuh w;sYh |=Ialr jHdhduhls' fuzid |=Ialr jHdhduhl fhfokakdg ks;r we;s jkafka ish |=Ialr ldrAhh ms<snZoj udkisl fjfyils' we;euz jsgl fufia we;s jkakd jQ udkisl fjfyi |=re lr ;j |=rg;a tlS |=Ialr jHdhdufhys wk,iaj ksr; lrjSu msKsi lsishuz m@fndaO ckl hula idudkH ukqIHFjhg fmd|= udkqIsl |=rAj,;d iys; usksfil`g wjYHh' fuz m@fndaO ckl foh Tyq tlS Ndjkd wruqKska uE;a fkdlrkakd jQ;a tfiau ;j ;j;a Ndjkd wruqK fj; <x lrjkakd jQ;a fohlajSu nq|=iuh miihs' tu wruqK fmroers lrf.k nq|=iuh fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj ,enSfuz YsCIK udrA.h yd iuznJO lrhs'127 fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl jYfhka iajdr;@fhkau th l@shd;aul l< yels w;sYh m@dfhda.sl jQjla nj ta ms<snZoj .eUqrska jsYaf,aIKh lr ,nk jsg fmkS hk ldrKhls' idudkH ck;dj w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo we;s tla |=rAjfndaOhla jkqfha yqfola ffu;@s l< hq;` jkafka udkisl jYfhka muKla njhs' fuz u;h b;du;a idjoH jQjls' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS udkisl jYfhka" tfukau jpkh Ndjs;fhka yd YdrSrsl l@shd udrA.fhka hk l@shd udrA. ;`k lrK fldgf.ku iuia; iudch ;`<u l@shd;aul l< hq;` njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ldh" jpS yd ufkda hk oajdr;@fhkau jsh hq;` nj ucACOsu ksldfha pQ, f.daisx. iQ;@fhys oelafjz' tys oelafjk wdldrhg huz lsis mqoa.,fhl` bosrsmsg fukau ta mqoa.,hd fkdue;s jsg;a YrSrh jpkh yd uki Ndjs;fhka ffu;@sh me;srjSu nq+|= iufhka ksrAosIag l@shdudrA.h f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' idudkHfhka ffu;@sh lsrSu hkafkka woyia flfrkqfha ffu;@sh Ndjkdjla jYfhka is; ;`< m@.`K lsrSuhs' kuq;a fuysoS is; ;`< m@.`K lrk ,o ffu;@sh jpkh yd YdrSrsl l@shdjka uZ.ska msg;g t<s olajd iudch iuZ. lghq;` 128 lsrSu woyia jS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:d ( Metta Concept & Social Institution ) 69
iosid kuialdrh ;`< ksrEms; jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu uZ.ska th mqoa., ixcdkk yd prAhd ,CIK ilia lrjSu flfrys nq|= iufhka m@Ndjs; fndoaO ufkdajsoHdj;`< flfia Wmhqla; jSoehs meyeos,s wjfndaOhlg meusKSug yelshdj ,efnz' fu;a;d idrOrAufhys ixcdkk yd prAhd mokug wh;ajkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s lr.ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh. fuz uZ.ska mqoa., idrOrAu yd m@;sudk ( Values & Norms ) wdrCIdjSu flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh flfrA' isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h, l,y jsjdo iQ;@h,lrKShfu;a; iQ;@h, fu;a; iQ;@h iy pQ< f.disx. iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkdjkaf.ka yd jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk jsjsO ffu;@S Ndjkd l@uhkaf.ka m@lgjkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsuid nef,a' jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<jk whqrska fu;a;d ixl,amfha ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla ixcdkk yd prAhd moku uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA.fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd pQ< f.daisx. iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkd uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; iqjsfYaI ,CIK jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz'129 tfukau fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj yd fiiq ngysr ufkda jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakdjQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`,kd;aulj jsYaf,aYKh lsrSu;`<ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ufkda jsoHd;aul Ndjs;dfjz we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` fldg oelajSu ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ;`<ska is|= flfrA' jsfYaIfhkau fuys oS pQ< f.disx. iQ;@fhys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh jeo.;a jkqfha tuZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl jYfhka f;jsOsfhkau jrAOkh l< hq;` jQ ixl,amhla f,i fmkajd oS w;s fyhsks'130 fuz uZ.ska we;euz fokd ;`< ;sfnkakd jQ idjoH woyila tkuz fu;a;d ixl,amh yqfola udkisl wxYfhka muKh hk us:Hd woyi ksrjoH fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs' tfukau nq|=iuhdkQl~,j js.@yjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s mrsmQrAK iajNdjho fuz ;`<ska ukdj fy<sfmfy<s fjz' 131 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys ufkda jsoHd;aul ,CIKhka wka;rA.; ixcdkk yd prAhd moku wrA: oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldrfhks' fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakd jQ uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih;`< wfkHdkH jYfhka ls@hd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;`h' fuu ysff;IS Ndjh kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz wfkHdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfha ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs'132 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys oS nq|=rcdKka jykafia YD.d,l kuz .Dym;s mq;@hdg foaYkd fldg we;af;a wdhH! jskfhys oS wkq.ukh l< hq;` jQ l@shd udrA. moaO;shls' fuh tu iQ;@fhys yeZoskafjkqfha Igz osid kuialdrh jYfhks' tys oS wdhH! mqoa.,fhl` yg i;r lu! laf,aY m@ySK lsrSu iZoyd Wojz jkakd jQ uQ,sl lreKq i;r f,i olajkqfha iFjhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh ( m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu ) " foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh ( wo;a;dodkfhka je<lSu )" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh ( ldufhys jrojd yeisrSfuka je<lSu ) iy ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys 70
wjYH;djh ( fndrelSfuka je<lSu ) hk lreKq i;r iqrCIs; lsrSu fjhs' fuhska m@dK>d;h fyj;a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=jkqfha o" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys wjYH;djh iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu uZ.sks' idudkH mxpYS, m@;smodfjz uq,a wx. i;r hg;g .efkk lreKq i;ru fuys oS o jsia;r lr we;s w;r tu lreKq i;r mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys jrAOkh jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uq,a jSfuka nj fuz uZ.ska meyeos,s fjz'133 mxpYS, m@;smodfjys miajk wx.h f,i olajk hym;a isysl,amkdfjka isgSfuz whs;sh ke;fyd;a iDKd;aul fm<UjSfuka je<lSu ( ryfur mdkfhka je<lSu ) isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajkqfha iuzm;a jskdYhg fya;`jkakd jQ udrA.hla jYfhks' mqoa.,fhl` ;`< hym;a isys l,amkdjla fkdue;s jSu fya;`fjka we;s jkakd jQ .egZM iy.; ;;ajhka fuz wdldrfhka olajd ;sfnz' tkuz jia;` jskdYh" l,y we;sjSu" frda.dndO yg.ekSu" wmlSrA;sh ,enSu" ,cAcd rys;nj" yd kqjK |=n,jSu tu lreKq ldrKd fjz' fuu lreKq msrslaid ,nk jsg ta iEu lreKlau yg .efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg fkdf.k we;s ksid nj meyeos,s fjz' hfula ;ud iy iudch w;r we;s us;`re nj mZM|= jk wdldrfha by; iZoyka lghq;` iZoyd m@fjzY jkafka tu ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjSu ksid nejz meyeos,sh'134 tnZ|= fNda. jskdY uqL ihla fuz iQ;@fhys olajd we;' bka fojk lreK jkafka fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKhhs' fuz uZ.ska ;ud fukau ;ukaf.a wUqorejkayg we;sjk wkdrCIs; nj" Ok jskdYh" iellghq;` mqoa.,fhl` jSu" wN~; fpdaokdj,g uqyqK mEu jeks fndfyda lrorj,g uqyqK mEug fuz ksid mqoa.,hdyg is|= fjz' fuys oS mqoa., jYfhka fukau iudc jYfhka o wfkHdakH jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka neyerj lghq;` lsrSfuz wdoSkj fmkakquz lrkq ,nhs' fuys oS mqoa.,hd iudchg ffu;@S lrkafkl`` fkdjSfuz fya;`fjka iudch o mqoa.,hdyg ffu;@S fkdlsrSfuz m@jK;djh fukau iudcfhka mqoa.,hd fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdoelajSfuz fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd o fmr,d iudchg fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdolajkafkl` jSfuz iuzNdjs;djh fuz ;`< b;du;a u meyeos,sju .enz fjz'135 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha kD;H orAYkhkag ks;r ks;r hduhs' ke;fyd;a thgu wenzneys jS tajdfhysu we,S .e,S lghq;` lsrSuhs' jsfkdaodiajdohkays ks;r fofjzf,a we,S .e,S lghq;` lsrSu fya;`fjka ;ukaf.a jD;a;Suh yd iudc lghq;`j, ksis m@.;shla Wod fkdjk nj fuys we;s wys;lr M, jsmdlhhs' mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka muKla fkdj iudc jYfhka o oshqKqj lrd hdug we;s tlu udrA.h jkqfha ;uka ks;rjk lghq;af;ys wm@udoSj kshe,Su jk w;r mxfpzJ|@shhka mS@Kkfhys muK blaujd we,S.e,S lghq;` lsrSu fuu lghq;a;g ndOd we;s lrjhs' ;ukaf.a jD;a;Suh yd iudc 71
lghq;`j, wkia,j ksr; jkafka ;uka w;ska iudchg jsh hq;` fiajdj ms<snZo wjfndaOfhks' fuz lreK idrA:l f,i bgqjSug kuz mqoa.,fhl` ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;` jk w;r tfia fkdjq ;eke;a;d W;aiy .kafka yels;dla wd;audrA:lduS f,i bJ|@Sh mS@Kkhg muKla fhduq jQ cSjs;hla .; lsrSugh'136 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha iQ|=fjz ksr; jSuhs' iQ|=jg wenzneys jQ mqoa.,hdyg iQ|=fjka oskQ jsg i;`rka we;s jSu;a" mer|=Kq l< fYdal jSu;a" jia;` jskdYh;a" ck iudcfhys tu mqoa.,hdf.a jok i;H f,i fkdms<s.ekSu;a" us;@dud;HdoSkaf.a wjZ{djg ,la jSu;a" wdjdy jsjdyhka iZoyd lsisfjl` fkdleu;s jSu;a hk whym;a m@;sjsmdlhkag uqyqK mEug is|= fjz' by; iZoyka lreKq i,ld ne,Q jsg fmfkkafka mqoa.,fhl` yqfola iQ|=jg wenzneys jkafka b;du;a blaukska idOdrK fkdjk l@uhlska tkuz yqfola ;ukaf.a oyvsh uykaisfhka Wmhd .ekSulska f;drj wkqka jsiska b;du;a oyvsh uykaisfhka yrs yuzn lr.kq ,enQ jia;`j Okh iQ|=j keue;s widOdrK l@ufjzoh Ndjs;fhka ;uka ika;lhg .ekSfuz fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k lghq;` lrk njhs' fuh flfiaj;a fu;a;d iy.; is;lska is|= l< fkdfyk l@shdjls' fuz ksidu tu mqoa.,hd o by; iZoyka l< wdldrfhka iudcfhys ms<sl`,g ,la jk mqoa.,fhl` jk nj fmfka'137 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha mjsgq us;`rka fiajkhhs' mjsgq us;`rd hkq o i;`rduh' ;udf.a whym; Wod lr fokafka us;`rd fkdj i;`rd nejsks' tnejska fuys us;@ kdufhka yeZoskajqj o ta i;`rdu nj oek .ekSu jeo.;ah' funZ|= i;`re mqoa.,hka ih fofkl` ms<snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka fjz' Tjqka kuz iQ|= ldrhka" i,a,d,hka" fnznoaoka" kele;alrejka ( jxpkslj l~G yd iglmg f,i .`ma; jsoHd l@u Ndjs;fhka cSjfkdamdh i,id .kakka )" jxpkslhka" .uz myrk ux myrk idyislhkah' fudjqka taldka; jYfhau iudchg iudcfha bosrs .ukg ndOdldrS jkakkah' funkaoka weiqre lsrSu ksid ;ukaf.a bosrs .ukg ydkshla is|= jkjd muKla fkdj fndfyda fldg iudc m@.ukhg ndOdwe;s lrjSu msKsi wkshuz jYfhka f;fuzz o iyh olajkafkl` jYfhka ie,flhs' i;`rka fyda i;`re nj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka;`< jrAOkh jS 138 fkdue;s ksidh' fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha w,i njhs' fuz w,i nj ksid ;ud w;ska jsh hq;` jQ jD;a;suh yd iudchSh hq;`luz ksis whqrska bgq lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;a fjz' fuz wkqj b;d YS;h" b;d WIaKh" b;d ijih" b;d Wfoah" b;d nv.sksh" b;d l`i msrefKah jYfhka i,ld fuz f,i ;ukaf.a j.lSuz meyer yerSug mqoa.,hd fm<fUk nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fys uekjska jsia;r lr ;sfnz' jsfYaIfhkau iudchSh hq;`luz yd j.lSuz bgq lsrSfuys ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ;ukaf.a is; ;`< kefZ.k fuz w,i nj uy;a fia ndOd muqKqjhs' fuu w,i iajNdjh ksid ish hq;`luz yd j.lSuz 72
bgq lsrSu lrorhla f,i i,lhs'fuz fya;`j ksid wkqka ms<snZoj l`iS; mqoa.,hdf.a is; we;s jkqfha oafjzIhls' ta hq;`luz j.lSuz bgq lsrSug is|=jSu lrorhla fia i,lk fyhsks'fuu w,i iajNdjh ksid we;sjk oafjzIh uev f.k ;ukaf.a hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iudch fj; bgq l< yelafla is; ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh ukd f,i jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ mqoa.,fhl` yg muKh' 139 fuz wdldrhg fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk lreKq ifhys mqoa.,hd fhdojkq ,nk fyda fhojSug .dul n,fjz.hla f,i l@shdlrkakd jQ us;`rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jQ mqo.,hka ih fofkl` ms,snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y lrkq ,nhs' fudjqka us;`rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jkafka ienjskau i;`rka jqj;a us;`rkaf.a fmkqfuka hq;`j fmkS isgsk nejsks' tnejska iDcqju t,smsgu i;`rka f,i fmkS isgsk msrsi fuka fkdj fudjqka myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; fkdyels njo fmkajd oS ;sfnz' tnejska fudjqka yZ|=kd.; yelafla fudjqkagu isus; jQ huz huz .;s ,CIK yeoErSfuka muKla fyhska ish,a,kaf.a hym; iZoyd fuu msrsif.a .;s ,CIK isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys fuz wkaoug jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' 140 fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhkaf.a udkisl ugzgu wkqj Tjqka wZ[aZ[o;a;`yr" jpSmru" wkqmamshNdKs yd wmdh iydhl kduhkaf.ka hq;`j m@fNao lr oela fjz' fuhska wZ[aZ[o;a:qyr mqoa.,hdf.a .;s.`K jkqfha flfia fyda hula f.k hdu;a" gslla oS fndfyda leu;sjSu;a" jsm;a nsh ksid weiqre lsrSu;a iy ;u jdish ;ld weiqre lsrSu;a fjz' fuu .;s.`K uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha wd;audrA:lduSFjhhs' wd;audrA:h we;sjkqfha wkqka .ek lsisfia;a fkdis;k ;ud .eku muKla is;d lghq;` lrk wdl,am j,ska msreKQ is;e;s jsghs' fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s ;eke;a;d flosklj;a fuz f,i wd;audrA:lduS wkaouska ;uka .eku muKla is;d wkqka .ek fkdis;d lghq;` lrkafka ke;' ta ksid taldka; jYfhkau by; jsia;r lrk ,o |=rA.`K my< jSfuz yelshdj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdlrk ,o is;a we;a;d jQ mqo.,hka yghs' fun|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h lrkakd yg;a fndajk frda.hla fuka tu woyiau ldjeoS h;ehs hk wkqudkfhka funkaoka wdY@h fkdlrkakehs olajd ;sfnz' 141 us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska B <Z. fldgi f,i fmkajd oS we;s jpS mru mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka w;S;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" wkd.;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" ysia oehska ix.@y lsrSu;a yd bosrsm;a lghq;af;ys nsh oelajSu;a hkdoshhs' ld,;@fhka ix.y flfrkafka we;af;kau Wojz lsrSfuz we;s wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksihs' ysia oefhka ix.@y lsrSu o thg iudkh' lghq;a;la meusKsl, thg nsh oelajSu jkdyS tlS lghq;af;ka m<dhdug Wps;u l@ufjzoh f,i fuu mqoa., fldgzGdYh jsiska f;dardf.k we;s yegshla fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fuz ishZMu ,CIK uZ.ska m@lg jkafka ienjska u tu mqoa.,hd ;`< wkHhkayg Wojz lrkakg ksis leue;a;la fkdue;s njhs' mqoa.,hka wkHhkayg Wojz lsrSu iZoyd fm<fUkafka ;uka;`< wkHhka ms<snZoj ys;j;a njla fyda ffu;@S fpz;kdjla we;akuz muKh' ta wkqj fuu jpSmru mqoa.,hka ;`< wkHhka ms<snZoj ffu;@S fpz;kdjla fkdue;s nj meyeos,sju fmfkakg ;sfnz' ta 73
ksid funZ|= fu;a;d ixl,am fkdue;s mqoa.,hka fiajkh lsrSu o wfhda.H f,i fuysoS olajd ;sfnk nj meyeos,sh'142 wdY@fhka wE;a l< hq;` jQ us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska f;jk fldgzGdYh f,i olajd ;sfnkakd jQ wkqmamshNdKS mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka fydZo foh fukau krl foh o tlfia wkqu; lsrSu;a" bosrsmsg .`K yd ke;s ;ek fodia lSu;a fjz' fydZo foh fukau krl foh o wkqu; lrkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a hym; msKsi hehs is;Sug fkdyelsh' ;ukaf.a us;`rdg l`ul is|=jqk;a yqfola pdgqfjka Tyqj rjgd Tyqf.ka ,dN m@fhdck ,nd.ekSfuz wruqK fmroers lrf.k fuz wdldrfhka l@shdlrk nj fmfkkag ;sfnz' fufia l@shdlrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdue;s ksid fyj;a oafjzI iy.; ksid nejz meyeos,s fjz' tfukau ys;j;a us;`rd kuz <Z. ke;s jsg .`K;a" uqyqKg w.`K;a lsj hq;` jqj;a fuys oS wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrkqfha fuhg yd;amiska fjkia f,iska nejz ;yjqre fjz' fuhska o meyeos,s jkqfha ;ukaf.a us;`rd flfrys oafjzI iy.; f,iska wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrk njhs' fuz ish,af,ka u meyeos,s jkqfha fujeks mqoa.,hka ;`< flfiaj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ms<snZo wkqud;@ fyda fmkakquz lsrSula fkdue;s njhs' fujeks mqoa.,hka mius;`rka fyj;a i;`rka f,i i<ld wdY@fhka je<lS isgsk f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhka Wmfoia ,ndfohs' 143 ;ukaf.a jskdYh i,iajkakd jQ fyhska wdY@h lsrSug kqiq|=iq nejz olajd we;s B <Z. mi us;`re fldgzGdYh jkqfha wmdh iydhl kuz us;@ m@;srEmlhdhs' fudyq wdY@h lsrSu ksid wmdh.duS jSug iq|=iq mjzluz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska jSug bv we;s nejska fudyq wmdhg hEug iyh jkakd jQ hk wrA:fhka wmdh iydhl hk kdufhka yeZoskafjz' fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhdf.a ,CIK jkqfha ryfur mdkfhys ,d ;u us;`rdg iyh m< lsrSu;a" fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKfhys ;u us;`rd W;aiyj;a lsrSu;a" kD;H orAYkhka iZoyd iyNd.S jSug ksrka;rfhka ;u us;`rd legsj hdu;a" iQ|+ lSvdfjys ;u us;`rd fm<UjSu;a hk lreKq fjz' u;ameka yd u;a|@jH .ekSfuka TzkEu mqoa.,fhlf.a mshejs isysh jslD; fjz' ;u us;`rdf.a mshjs isysh jslD;s lrjSug lghq;` lrkafka wksjdrAhfhkau fu;a is;lska kuz fkdfjz' tf,i l@shd lrkafka ffjrS fyj;a jHdmdo is;lsks' tnZ|= is;lska hqla; mqoa.,hd;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh we;ehs is;sh fkdyels tnejska funZ|= mqoa.,hka |=re lrk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fkdl,ays jSS:S ixprKfhka is|=jkqfha ;uka fkdlrk ,o foa flfrys mjd ksrka;rfhka ;ukaj iel lghq;` mqoa.,fhl` njg m;ajSuhs' ;ukaj funZ|= ;;ajhl huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` m;a lrjSu iZoyd ys;du;d l@shdlrkjdkuz tlS mqoa.,hd tlS l@shdj lrkafka ys;j;a wdl,amhlska fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k nj meyeos,s fjz' tu ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hka weiqre lsrSfuka j<lsk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' 144 ksrka;rfhka kD;H orAYkhka kerUSu muKlau is|=lrk mqoa.,hd fiiq idudcSh lghq;` j,oS miqng jSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|= fjz' fuz fya;`j ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hd iudch bosrsfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz meyer yrsk ,o mqoa.,fhl` njg m;a jkqfha ksrdhdifhks' funZ|= 74
m@;sM, Wodlrjk ksrka;r kD;H orAYk kerUSfuys ,d huz flfkl` ;j wfhl` Wkka|= lrjkq ,efnz o Tyq hym;a us;@YS,S wdl,amh msysgd isg l@shdlr;shs is;sh fkdyel' fndfyda jsg tf,i hful` l@shdlrkqfha W;aidyfhka jer jEhfuka wfkld oshqKq fj;shs hk BrAIHdj fya;`fldgf.k wfkldj wffOrAhhg m;a fldg tlS ;eke;a;df.a oshqKqj lvdl,mam,a lsrSfuys hgs wruqKQ fmroers lrf.kh' fuf,i l@shd;aul jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s fkdjk jHdmdoh flaJ|@ lr.;a is;lska nj meyeos,sj fmfkk ksid funZ|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h msKsi fkd.; hq;` nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h meyeos,s lrfohs'145 iQ|+j jkdyS mqoa.,hd msrsySu lrd f.khk m@Odk udrA.hla nejska tys ,d hfula ;j;a huz flfkl` W;aiyj;a flfrA kuz taldka; jYfhkau th fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k is|= lrkakla fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k is|= lrkakd jQ wjevodhs jQjla f,i fmkajd fokq ,nhs' funZ|= mqoa.,hka taldka; jYfhkau wkHhkaf.a msrsySu leue;af;ka fujeks foa flfrys wkqka W;aiyj;a lrjSu olakg ,efnk nejska oshqKqj ,Z.d lr.kq leue;s fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lrkq leue;a;ka jsiska fujeks mdm us;`rka fiajkh fkdl< 146 hq;` nejz fmkjd fokq ,nhs' fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.ka wE;a jS lghq;` lrk w;r wdY@h msKsi .;yels hym;a jQ us;`rka isjz fofkl` ms<snZoj o isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jS ;sfnz' fuu us;`rka isjz fokd jkQfha Wmldrl us;@hd" iudk iqL |=laL us;@hd" wrA:LHdhs us;@hd" wkqluzml us;@hd hk us;`re mqoa.,hka isjzfokd fjhs' fuz mqoa.,hka isjz fokd flfrys wjYH muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS we;s nejska iudc ldrAhhkays ,d Wmldr .; yels" wdY@h ksid ;uka;`< o fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hka isjz fofkl` nj meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'147 iudc lghq;` j,oS ks;ru wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka ls@hd lsrSug is|=jSu idudkH ;;ajhla jk w;r tlS lghq;` j, oS ks;ru flnZ|= ;;ajhla hgf;a jqj;a us;@YS,S wdl,amhlska hq;`j lghq;` lsrSu w;HjYH fjhs' wfkla w;g fuu wdl,am jvd;a jevsmqr wjYH jkqfha idudkH ukqIHhka w;rskq;a jvd jevsmqr iudc ldrAhhkays ksr;jkakd jQ mqoa.,hkagh' fuu iudc ldrAhhka ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd wkqka flfrA fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k lghq;` fkdlrkjd kuz tlS mqoa.,hdg tu i;a ldrAhhka os.gu lrf.k hdug fkdyelsh' ukao iudc ldrAhhkays wxl tlg jefgkafka ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@;ajfhka miqjSu 148 jk fyhsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ prAhd oshqKqj jkqfha ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@Fjfhka miqjSug wjYH lrk ;ruz iduQyslFjhla ish is;a i;kays frdamK lr .ekSu yd ta wkqj l@shdlsrSug hqyqiqZM jSuhs' funZ|= lreKq ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;akays jvd;a jrAOkh l,d jQ ienE us;`rkaf.a wjYH;djh u;` fjz' fiajkh l< hq;` mqoa.,fhl` f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys 75
ioykajk m<uq us;`rd f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha Wmldrl us;@hdhs' fudyqf.a ,CIK jkqfha m@udo jQ us;`rd /lSu;a" m@udo us;`rdg wh;a jia;`j fom< iqrCIs; lsrSu;a" nshg m;a jQ us;@hdf.a nsh myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu;a" us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a us;`rdyg ,nd oSu;a fjz' 149 fuys m@udo jQ us;`rd wdrCId lsrSu hkqfjka woyia jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh js we;s mqoa.,hd wkHhkaf.a cSjs;h yd ksoyi ish osjs fofjks fldg is;d ls@hd lrk njhs' iudc wdl,amhkays Wiia;u pska;k wjia:djla fuz ;`<ska m@ldYhg meusK ;sfnz' ;uka iuia;fhys tla wx.hla nejska ;uka;`< iuia;h wka;rA.; jk nj i<ld ;uka o iuia;h o tluh nZ|= wdl,amhlska hq;`j l@shd lsrSu fndaOsiFj m@;smodfjys m@uqL ,CIKhls' fuz wkqj fndaaOsiFjjrhdg ;uka hkqfjka woyia jkafka iuia; iudcs' iuia; iudch flfrysu ;ukah hk yeZ.Su we;sj l@shdlrkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhd flfrys jrAOkh jS we;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh Wmudjlskq|= m@ldY lsrSug wmyiq ;rug th by< ia:dkhl jecfUz' f,dj Wiai;u l<HdK us;`rka jkafka fuz wkqj nq|=jreka yd fndaOsiFjjrekah' mpzfpl nq|=jreka yd wrAy;a Y@djlhka jykafia,d o l,HdK us;@hka jYfhka yZ|=kajd ;sfnz' iuia; NsCIq iudcfhys idudcslhka l@shdlrkafka nq|=jrekaf.a yd fndaOsiFjjrekaf.a prAhdj wdorAYhg f.k ksid n@yau prAhdj M,odhl jkafka us;@Fjh fmroers fldgf.k lghq;` lsrSu u; nj wdkkao ysushka wu;d jrla nq|=r|=ka jsiska u iZoykalr ;sfnz' iuia; nqoaO Ydikh u rZod mj;skafka o l,HdK us;@Fjh ksidu nj fuys oS nq|=r|=ka jsiska wdkkao ysushkag fmkajd oS we;' 150 Wmldrl us;@hdf.a fojeks ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha m@udo jQ us;`rdg wh;a jia;`j yd foafmd< iq/lSu fjz' wkHhka i;` jia;`j foafmd< flfrys ksrdYd we;sj l@shd lsrSu fukau wkqka fjkqfjka Tjqka i;` foa iqrCIs; lsrSu hk ldrKh wkHhkaf.a foa fkd.ekSu hk lreKg jvd by< ia:rhl msysgs idrOrAu ixl,amhls' wjYHfhkau fuu idrOrAu ixl,amh nsysjkafka wkHhka flfrys iSudjka W.`,qjk mrsos fu;a jvd m,mqre|= mqoa.,fhl`gu muKh' iSudjka W.`,qjk hkq wkHhka yd ;ud hk iSudjhs' fuu iSudjka wm jsiska wmf.a wd;audrA:lduSFjh yd jHdmdo fpz;kdfjys m@n,Fjh u; wm jsiska u idod .kq ,enQ jHdc 151 iSudjka fjhs' Wmldrl us;@hdf.a f;jeks ,CIKh jk nshg m;a jQ us;`rdf.a nsh myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu hk lreK iDcqju fu;a;d ixl,amh hg;g .efka' nsh hkq oafjzI uQ,sl wl`i,hls' wdfjzohka jYfhka fuu wdfjzokh iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhla jYfhka idudkHfhka ie,fla' fuu iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh jkqfha is; mSvdjg m;afldg udkisl wd;;sh we;s lsrSuhs' yqfola ;u jqj o ;u is;g nsh we;s lr .ekSu oafjzI uQ,slj is|= jkakla nj nq|= oyfuz jsia;r fldg ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS nshg m@;smCI udkisl wdfjzokhhs' hful` ;u is;a i;kays ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg 76
mj;skafka o ta ;eke;a;dg nsh kQmosk nj Ouzumofhys olajd ;sfnz' fuz wkqidrfhka hful` fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg ;sfnzo ta mqoa.,hd ;u is;a i;kays ,d muKla fkdj wkHhkaf.a is;a i;kays ,d o nsh mylsrSug iu;a jkafkl` nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s fjz' fuz khska nsh mylsrSug Wmldrj;a jkakd jQ fuz us;@ mqoa., fldgzGdYh Wmldrl us;@hd nj fmkajd oS 152 ;sfnz' Wmldrl us;`rdf.a isjzjk ,CIKh f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y jkQfha us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a ,nd oSu hk lreKhs' ;uka ika;lfhys ;sfnkakd jQ huzlsis fohla ;j;a wfhl`g oSug kuz odk fpz;kdj ish is;a i;kays ,d jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;`uh' tfia fkdue;s ;eke;a;dyg fuf,i is|= lsrSu wmyiqh' odk fpz;kdj jrAOkh jS ;snSug kuzz ish isf;ys f,daNh |=re fldg ;snsh hq;`h' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re fkdl< ;eke;a;dyg odkh mqre|= l, fkdyel' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re l,;a fok mqoa.,hd ms<snZo ffu;@sh isf;ys msysgd fkd;sfnz kuz tjsg o odkh ksis whqrska idrA:l lr .; fkdyel' fuz ksid f,daNh |=re lsrSug;a jvd wjYH jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lr.ekSu nj fuz wkqj meyeos,sh' fndaOsiuzNdr mqrk fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia,d |=la jsZosk wmuK iFjhka flfrys m;, ffu;@sfhka iirg msjsi mdrus;djka iuzmQrAK lrkqfha o m@Odk fldgu ish is;a i;kays,d jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ wm@udK fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh ksiduh' fuzz ksidu m@Odk jYfhka u l,HdK us;`rka jkqfha o nq|=jrhkajykafia,d yd nq|=jrhkajykafia,df.a 153 prAhdj wkq.ukh lrk Y@djl ix>r;akh fj;a' wdY@h l<hq;` jQ fojk us;`rd f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fha olajd ;sfnkqfha iudk iqL |=laL us;@hdh' fudyq yeZosk .kakd ,CIK i;rla isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz' tajd kuz ryia lSu yd ryia /lSu;a" jsmf;ys oS w;a fkdyerSu;a" lreKla meusKs l, ;u cSjs;h jqjo mQcdfldg ;u us;`rd /l .kakd nj;a hk lreKq i;rhs' fuu kuskau weZ.fjk mrsos fuu mqoa.,hd jQ l,S iqj |=la foflysu iudk ;;ajhlska ;u us;`rdj weiqre lrk mqoa.,hd fuz kuska oela fjz'154 iudk iqL |=laL us;`rdf.a m<uq ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha ryia lSuhs' fuhska woyia jkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj ;uka okakd fyda iudcfhys m@p,s;j we;s kuq;a ;u us;`rd fkdokakd jQ Tyqf.a wvqmdvq |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj Tyqj oekqj;a lsrSuhs' ;ukaf.a mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;`rdg fydZoska t<s fmfy<s lsrSu o ;ukaf.a us;@Fjh lsis|= weo mZMoaola fkdue;s j. ;u us;`rdgu ;yjqre jk ldrKhls' fuhska weZ.fjkqfha ;uka ;u us;`rd jsIfhys lsis|= l`yl yd jxpksl iajNdjhlska lghq;` fkdlrk iajNdjhhs' ryialSu hkqfjka woyia jkafka fuhhs' NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys kuz weje;a foiSuz wdosfhys oS is|= lrkafka ;ud w;ska lvjqkq jskh YsCIdjka ms<snZoj ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuhs' fuys oS tla;rd |=rlg ;uka muKla okakd ;u jro iuQyhd bosrsfhys lsula is|= flfrkafka ta ;`<ska miqj tu mqoa.,hd wod< jroska 77
usoSug tu lSu fya;`jk nejsks' by; ryia lSfuys oS is|= jkqfha o ;u mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;`rdg fy,s lsrSu jk nejska tys fkdfhla jeros wvq,qyqvqluz us;`rdg oek .; yels jkjd muKla fkdj we;euz jsg tajd ksjeros lr.ekSu mssKsi fydZo msgsjy,la o us;`rdf.ka 155 ,efnkakg mqZMjk' fuu ldrKh iuzmQrAKfhka u mdfya fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k is|=jkakd jQ l@shdj,shla nejska wfkdakH jsYajdih fuz neZoS mej;sh hq;`h' ;uka ;ukaf.a us;`rdj fkdrjgkafka us;`rd flfrys us;@YS,S wdl,amhlskahq;`j l@shdlrk nejska hehs us;`rdg ta;a;` hd hq;`h' thg fydZou l@uh jkqfha ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re ;ud us;`rd yd fkdj,yd mejiSuhs' ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re jsYajdiodhS fkdjk l@shd udrA. uZ.ska us;`rd w;g m;ajSug jvd ;udu tajd us;`rd yd mejiSu ksid us;`enj iq/flk w;r tu mjik mqoa.,hd flfrys b;d jsYd, us;@YS,S yeZ.Sula o us;`rd we;s lr.kshs' mqoa., fukau iudc l@shdldrSFjfh oS fuu l@shdoduh 156 b;du;a jeo.;a jk ldrKhls' iajdus - fiajl" iajdusmqreI - NdrAhd" |+ ore - ujzmsh" .Dyia: - m@jDcs;" .`re - YsIH" us;`re - us;`re" hk uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`< wfkHdakH hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iajrEmfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s fkdfjz kuz fujeks iudc iuznJO;d jsOsu;a whqrska f.dv kefZ.kafka ke;' udkqIsl iuznJO;djhka f.dvkeZ.sh hq;af;a yqfola hdka;@sl fyda ffk;sl iajrEmfhka fkdfjz' tys wfkdakH jYfhka iduQyslnjla" iqyoFjhla" ysff;ISnjla" iqjodhsnjla" iqrCIs;;djhla mej;sh hq;`uh' ishZM ffcj m@cdj jQ l,S wjYHfhkau iduQysl cSjk rgdj m@shlrkafkda fj;s' ffcj m@cdjf.a fulS iduQyslFjh f.dv kefZ.kafka fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol jSfuks' 157 ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh ksid usksid huz huz iudc rduq ilidf.k Bg wkq.;j udkj ksoyi ta ;`< Tnznjkakg ;e;a lsrSu fya;`fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys we;euz ld, jljdkqj, oS udkj iudcfhys iduQysl meje;aug nrm;, ;rAck t,a,jS we;' l`,h" Okh" n,h" ks,h jeks lreKq ksrAudKjdoS pska;khg f;da;ekakla iemhSu fya;`fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrh ukqIHFjfhka fndfyda fihskau |=ria;r lrjSh' 158 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsY`oaOs udrA.h ( Metta Concept & Visuddhimaggo ) fu;a;d ixla,mh ms<snZoj w;sYhskau mqZM,a wdldrfhka idlpzPdjg n|=ka jk ia:dkhla kuz jsY`oaOs udrA.hhs' tys idlpzPdjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh yZ|=kd .ekSu uZ.ska mQrAK jYfhka md,s ;@smsglh ;`< fu;a;d ixla,mfhys kshudldr ijrEmh idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka l<dla fuka jQ w;sYhskau mqZM,a wjfndaOhla ,ensh yelsh' fu;a;d Ndjkdj m<uq fldg 78
jvkakd jsiska fkdjevsh hq;` mqoa.,hka ms<snZoj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kaj ;sfnz' fuhska m<uq jekak jkqfha ,sx. jYfhka jsreoaO jQjka flfrys m<uq fldg ffu;@sh fkdjevSuhs' fuhg fya;`j f,i jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uq fldg ,sx. jYfhka ;ukag jsiNd.hkag ffu;@s jevSu ksid ffu;@S iajrEmfhka rd.h ish isf;ys jrAOkh jk njhs' rd.fhys iajNdjh o wruqfKys uq,dfjka neZoS is; mskd hduhs' m<uq ldg ;ukag m@sh jQ ,sx. jsiNd.fhla wruqKq fldg ffu;@S jvkakg hdfuz oS fhda.djprdf.a m@udohlska is; wruqfKka bj;a jS is;g wdfjzKsl iyc wruqK jQ rd.h foig keuS hd yels nejsks' tjsg is; rd.h wdYajdo jYfhka ;nd .kakd w;r ffu;@sh hehs Bg uQ,djk fhda.djprhd ffu;@sh jvkafka hehs hk is;`js,af,ka rd.h jO!kh lr.kakg bv we;s nejska m<uq fldgu mqyqKq jkakd jQ fhda.djprhkayg ish uQ,sl Ndjkd wruqK ;SrKh lsrSfuz oS thg ,sx. jsiNd.hka fyj;a ;ukag m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.slhka f;dard fkd.; hq;` nj wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'159 m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh msKsi ,sx.sl jsiNd.hka f;dard fkd.kafka jsreoaO ,sx.sl wdfjz.hka uZ.ska yg.efkk m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl rd.sl ixl,amhka tys mj;sk fjz.j;a ijrEmh ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uD|= iajNdjh hgm;a fldgf.k ixcdkk l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd we;slrjk ijrEmfhka jHdma; jsh yels fyhsks' rd.sl ixl,am uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh urAOkh lr hgm;a lr oeuSug we;s bv lv jevs nejska wdruzNl mshjfrysoS jsreoaO ,sx.slhka wruqKq lr fkd.kakd f,i Wmfoia oS we;' fuhg ksorAYk jYfhka tla;rd l:d mqj;lao jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoyka fjz' tkuz tla;rd wud;Hjrfhla ;ukaf.a l`ZMm. NsCIqjla jQ ry;ka jykafia kul fj;ska ffu;@S Ndjkd jvk wdldrh ms<snZoj Ndjkduh Wmfoia ,nd .;af;ah' weu;sjrhdf.a prs; iajNdjh mss<snZoj nqoaO fCI;@hg wh;a Z{dk m@fNaohla jQ wdihdkqih Z{dkh fkd;snQ ry;ka jykafia m<uq fldgu Ndjkdj l@shd;aul l< hq;af;a ;ukag m@sh mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg nj mejiQ fial' ta wdud;Hjrhdg b;du m@sh jkafka ;udf.a nsrsZo nejska NsCIqka jykafia ku fj;ska ,nd.kakd ,o Ndjkd Wmfoia wkqj ;ukag m@sh jQ nsrsZo wruqKq fldg wehg ffu;@sh jvushs is;d Ndjkdj wrUd ffu;@sh fjkqjg rd.hu jrAOkh lrkakg jsKs' rd.h jrAOh j;au rd.fhys ksirA. iajNdjh jk mqoa.,hdf.a jspdrmQrAjl Ndjh m<dhdu;a ta fjkqjg rd. wruqK flfia fyda bgq lr.ekSu msKsi mqoa.,hd fufyhjSu;a fuysoS o is|= jsh' ta wkqj iajlSh rd.h ixisZojd .ekSu iZoyd iajlSh nsrsZo fj; hdu msKsi;a weh yd tlajSu msKsi;a iajlSh .; is; folu w;sYhskau mSvdjg m;ajk mrsoafoka ixcdkk yd prAhd mCIfhka uy;a mrsY@uhla .;af;a 160 rd.fhys wdoSkjh olajusks' ffu;@sh jevqj;a wm!Kd jYfhka fyda Wmpdr jYfhka is; iudOs ;;ajfhka Wiia ;,hla lrd fkdmeuskSug fya;`jla jYfhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r jkakd jQ lreKla jkqfha u<jqka flfrys ffu;@s jevSuhs' fya;`j u<jqka ;j |=rg;a kdusl m@Z{ma;s jYhka ie,flkjd jskd ffcj f,dalh ;`< jsoHudk i;aFjhka fkdjSu ksid u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; 79
jevSu m@;sM, odhl fkdfjz' fuhska fmkS hk ;j;a lreKla jkqfha ;uka lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` wruqK lr ffu;@s jevSfuz oS ;ukaf.a ps;a; fjz.hla ndysr wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd iuznJO jSfuz m@jK;djla fuz uZ.ska jsoHudk jk njhs'161 ` fujeks ;;ajhla fkd;sfnkafka kuz lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g ;uka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ush .sh nj ;uka wjxlju fkdoek isgskafka kuz ;ukaf.a Ndjkdj yqfola ;ukagu muKla iSud jQ ;;ajhla kuz ;uka Ndjkdj ;`<ska Wmojd .kq ,nkakd jQ wm!Kd Wmpdr ;;ajhka ;;ajhka yqfola Ndjkdfjys oshqKqj u;u hk idOlh Tiafia l@shd;aul jk fohla kuz ;uka wruqKq lrk mqoa.,hd ushf.dia isgsk mqoa.,fhlah fyda cSj;aj isgsk mqoa.,fhl`h lshd fjkila we;s jsh fkdyel' tnZ|= fjkila we;s jsh yelafla u< mqoa.,hdf.a fyda cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdj lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd Wmojd .kq wm!Kd fyd Wmpdr ;;ajhkag n,mdkq ,nk nejska jsh hq;`h' fuys oS Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd tla jSu msKsi u< mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hla fkdue;s nejska wm!Kd yd Wmpdr iudOSka fkd Wmosk w;r cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd tald;ausl jSug wjldY ie,fik nejska u iFj ksus;a;la jQ ffu;@S ksus;a; lrK fldg wm!Kd Wmpdr iudOSka msysghs'162 flfia fyda fuu ;;ajhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r lr fkdue;s w;r th m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh lrkafkl`g fuz nejz ukdj meyeos,s fjz' ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS foa uZ.ska lsis|= ysxidjla fkdfjk nejz iZoyka lr ;snSu uZ.ska fy<s jkqfha mqoa.,hd ;`< jO!kh lrkakd jQ ffu;@S Ndjkdjg tkuz fu;a iy.; is;`js,s oyrdjkag ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS jia;~ka flfrys lskuz wdldrhl fyda n,mEula l< yels njhs' fuz n,mEu hkqfjka woyia jkafka ndysr jia;~ka iuZ. is;ska iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuz iuznJO;d fpz;kd;aul jYfhka fukau fN#;sl jYfhka o Ndjdkdkqfhda.shd lrd hym;a m@;sM, <Z.d lrfok iajNdjhla .kakd nj fmfka' 163 jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys u< mqoa.,hka flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevSfuka wm!Kd fyda Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels njg oelafjk l:d mqj;la iZoyka fjz' tla kjl NsCIQka jykaia kul jsiska ish wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevqfjzh' tfy;a tu NsCIqka jykafia yg ffu;@S Ndjkdfjka wm!Kd fyda Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels fjz' fy;u uy f;reka lrd f.dia ;ukayg ffu;@S OHdk iuzm;a;sh uekjska m@.`K uq;a thg iujoskakg fkdyelsh thg lreKq l`ulaoehs jsuiQ l, uyf;reka mjikafka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq l< ksus;a; cSj;aj isgskafkaoehs msrslaid n,k f,ihs' ta wkqj msrslaid ne,Q l, meyeos,s jQfha ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq l< ish wdpdrAhjrhd wmj;a jS we;s njhs' bka miqj fjk ksus;a;la f.k th wruqKq jYfhka f.k ffu;@S Ndjkdj jvd wm!Kd ;;ajfhka OHdk iudm;a;s Wmojd is; iudOs.; lr.ekSug mqZMjka lu ,enSh'164 jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj jevSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,fhl` ,nkakd jQ wdksixi tfldf<dila o tysu olajd ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ixcdkkh fCIa;@h muKla fkdj thska ,nk moku 80
prAhdfjys we;s lrjk iqjsYd, n,mEu o fuhska ukdj iksorAYkh fjz' tmuKla fkdj nq|= oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .eUqre ufkda jsoHd;aul jsYaf,aIKh fuz ;`<ska meyeos,sju jsYo lrjSug o iu;a jS ;sfnz' tajd kuz fuz whqrska oelajsh yelsh' fuhska iqLx iqm;ss hkafkka iqjfia ; ksos ,nk nj o iqLx mgsnqcACO;s hkafkka iqj fia kskafoka wjosjk nj o k mdmlx iqmskx O; miai;s hkafkka kmqre isysk fkdolsk nj o ukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka usksiqkag m@shjk ; nj o wukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka wukqIHhskag m@shjk nj o foaj;d rlaLka;s hkqfjka fyd;s fojshka jsiska rlskq ,nk nj o kdiai w.a.s jd jsix jd iF:x jd lu;ss hkafkka .sks ji jsI lu; j,ska wk;`re fkdjk nj o ;`jgzgps;a;x iudOsh; hkafkka jyd is; iudOs .;jk nj o uqL ;s jKafKda jsmamiSo; hkafkka uqyqK m@sh ukdm jk nj o W;a;rsx wmamgsjscACOkaf;d ;s W;a n@yauf,dl~mf.d fyd;s wrAy;aM,h ,enSug wjldY uZo jqjfyd;a wksjdrAhfhkau urkska u;` f,dl~ n@yau f,dj Wm;a;sh ,nk nj o olajd ;sfnz' fujeks lreKq uZ.ska meyeos,s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh uZ.ska mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ udkisl" YdrSrsl" iudchSh yd fty f,#lsl oshqKqjhs' th lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` iudch ;`< yeisrSfuzoS tu mqoa.,hdf.a prAhd rgdj wkHhkaf.a m@idoh we;s jk whqrska ilia lsrSu wrNhd b;du;a jsYd, Okd;aul Wmia:uzNkhla ,nd fok nj meyeos,sju fmfkkkg ;sfnz' fuu ;;ajh lsishuz mqoa.,fhla wfmaCId lrkakd jQ iEu lreKla mdidu jsyso me;sr mej;Su fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mqZM,a iajNdjh fudkjg m@lg lrjhs' 81

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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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Reference books
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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3
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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Manava
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
DOCX
3.පරිච්ඡේදය
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
Budhist values 5.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
5
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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5
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
PDF
4
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
1
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
Buddhist values 2.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
1.introduction
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
Reference books
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
3
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
Manava
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
Review & conclusion
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
3.පරිච්ඡේදය
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
Budhist values 5.chapter
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
5
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
5
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
4.epistemologyical foundation
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
4
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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4
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
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ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.9
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.8
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.6
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.6
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.5
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.4
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ.1
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
1
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
ආචාර්ය සුජිත් නිශාන්ත හේවගේ
 

2.cognition & behaviour

  • 1. 02 mrspzfPAoh (02 Chapter ) idrOrAuhla jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`<ska m@lg jk ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ( Foundation of Cognition and Behaviour as an Value in Concept in Metta ) idrOrAu ms<snZo yeZoskajSu ( Introduction of Values ) huzlsis ixl,amhla ( Concept ) idrOrAuhla ( Value ) jkafka tlS ixl,amh uZ.ska ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl hk f; wxYfhkau uqZM uy;a ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhysu ys; iqj isKsi hf:dala; ixl,amh l@shd;aul lsrSfuz mj;sk yelshdj u;h' thska .uH jkqfha huzlsis ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jSug wksjdrAhfhkau tlS ixl,amh m@fhda.sl ;,fha mej;Su wksjdrAh njhs' ixl,amhla yqfolau idrOrAuhla fkdjSfuz fya;`j fuhska meyeos,sh'1 Tzkeu ixl,amhla idrOrAuhla jk jsg tys ffcj jsoHd;aul yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul Wmfhda.S;djh i,ld ixcdkk ( Cognition ) yd prAhd ( Behaviour ) hk fCIa;@ folla hgf;a ie,ls,a,g .; yelsh' fuz hgf;a ixcdkkh yd prAhdj hk fo wxYhu idrOrAuhla ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuz oS b;du;a jeo.;a tl yd iudk jgskdluzj,ska hq;` oDIagsfldaK folls' tfukau kQ;kfhys ffcj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yd ffjoH jsoHd;aul mCIfhka fuz fo wxYh ms<snZoju jsjsO mrAfhaIK uy;a rdYshla is|= lr we;s ksid b;du jsYajikSh wkaouska idOl iys;j u lreKq f.kyer oelajSfuz wjYH;djh fujeks TzkEu Ydia;@Sh mrAfhaIKhla iuznJOfhka w;sYhskau jeo.;ah'2 idrOrAuhla hkafkka weZ.fjkqfha l`ulaoehs meyeos,sj wrA: ksrEmKh lr.ekSu fuysoS m<uqfldgu jeo.;ah' idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka lsishuz jsreoaO fyda jsfjzpkd;aul yeisrSula fyda meje;aula fjkqjg huz ksYaps; yeisrSula fyda meje;aula iuZ. fm#oa.,sl jYfhka fyda iudcSh jYfhka tlZ.jSuls' ;j;a f,ilska wrA: olaj;fyd;a" idrOrAuhla hkq mqoa.,hd iudch yd cSjs;h idrj;a lrk fmdfydi;a lrk udkqIsl .`Kdx.hls' idrOrAu lsishuz ixialD;shlg fyda wd.ulg fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shlg fyda wkHkH fjhss' tu ixialD;sl rgdj fyda wd.usl ikaorANh fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;sh wkqj usi bka mrsndysrj idrOrAu ms<snZoj l:d lsrSu fuz fya;`j ksid ksIaM, jQjls' fndfyda jsg fndfyda fokd idrOrAu iuZ.u ixialD;sh fyda wd.u fyda ms<s.ekSuz moaO;shla fyda ms<snZojo iZoyka lrk nj olakg ,efnkafka o fuu fya;`j ksiduh' 3 30
  • 2. fuz fya;`j ksidu lsishuz idrOrAuhl jshqla;;d .`Kh we;ehs lsj fkdyelsh' jshqla;;d .`Kh rys;nj hkafkka woyia jkqfha fuysoS wjOdkhg .efkk ixialD;sl iudc fyda wd.usl iSudfjka mrsndysrj idrOrAuj,g meje;aula rys;h hkakhs' idrOrAu jshqla; fohla fkdjk nejska th ksrka;rfhkau wrA:j;a jkafka lsishuz ndysr iudc mrsirhla iuZ.uh' fuz ksid tu ndysr iudc mrsirfhys wkkH;d ,CIKj,g .e,fmk f,i idrOrAu ilia fjz' huzlsis iudc mrsirhla;`<oS we.hqug ,la flfrk idrOrAuhla fyda idrOrAu ;j;a iudc mrsirhla;`<oS ta yd iudkj we.hqug ,la fkdlsrSu fyda tajd idrOrAu fkdjk nj fmkajd oSu ;`< ;yjqre jkqfha idrOrAu ixialD;sfhka ixialD;shg fyda iudc mrsirfhka mrsirhg mj;akd jQ jsp,Huh fohla njhs'4 idrOrAu hkak yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jYfhka Ndjs;dlrkq ,nk ;j;a mo fndfyduhla we;' tkuz yr" jgskdluz" mqreIdrA:" w.hka" jsksYaphka" i;a.`K" .`KOrAu yd usksialuz hkdoS jYfhks' fn#oaOd.usl ikaorANh hgf;a idrOrAu mqKH l@shd" l`i, lrAu yd l@shdis;a jYfhka wrA: oelafjz'idrOrAu ms<snZoj iZoyka lrkjsg by; olajk ,o ish,q mrAhdh kduhkaf.ka weZ.fjk wrA: idrOrAu hkafkka lshfjz'5 fjk;a f,ilska wrA:j;a l<fyd;a" wjidk js.@yh;`<oS idrOrAu hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka o ixl,am fjz' TzkEu ixl,amhla hkq ffcj ixcdkkhg wruqKq jk lsishuz ixfjzos;djla jYfhka olajf;d;a th ksjeros fjz' usksidg fuka u fjk;a iFj jsfYaIhkg o ixfjzokhka ;sfnz' kuq;a tjeks ixfjzokhka fnfyjska m@d:usl ugzgfuz ixfjzokhka jk w;r usksidg fuka oshqKq fyda ixjrAOkhg m;a iakdhquh l@shdldrSFjhla yd b;du jsYd, ixlSrAK jHqyhka wka;rA.; uia;sIalhla Wreu lr fkd.;a fiiq iFj jsfYaIhkayg ke;' Tjqkg fjzokdj" |=l" nsh" wdidj" wdorh" fldamh yd yqol,d iajNdjh jeks wixjrAOs; udkisl ixfjzokhka jskaokh lsrSfuz yelshdj muKla we;' th jqjo lsishuz udkisl wdfjz.hla jeks ixfjzokhla muKs' usksidg fulS ;;ajh wnsnjd lsishuz ixfjzokhla tys wdfjz.uh ia:rh blaujd ixl,amSh ;,fha isg jsZo.ekSfuz Yla;sh we;' fuh ixfjzokhkays nqoaOsuh l@shdldrSFjh weiqrska yg .;a iajNdjhls' fuu nqoaOsuh iajNdjh jvd;a ixjrAOkhg m;afj;au usksid Tyqf.a m@d:usl .;s isrs;a j,ska yd yeisrSuz rgd j,ska wE;a jS tla;rd YsIagdpdruh wjia:djlg t<fUz' fuh udkj YsIagdpdrfhys tla;rd oshqKq wjia:djla iksgqyka lrkakla fjz' l@u l@ufhka ffcj jrA.hdf.a udkj YsIagdpdruh ;;ajh f.dvkZ.d .ksuska oshqKq j;au ffcj jrA.hdf.a oshqKqj yd iqN isoaOsh wruqKq lrf.k f.dvkefZ.k tu ixl,am idrOrAu kuska yeZoskafjkakg jsh' tu ksid idrOrAuj, uQ,sl ixl,amSh ,CIKj,g wu;rj iodpdruh" ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl hkdoS jsjsO wx. ,CIK o wka;rA.;j we;' by; oelajQ ksrAjpkh mrsos TzkEu idrOrAuhl iodpdruh ixialD;sl yd udkqIsl wrA:j;a njla olakg ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau hym;ah' m@;scdkd;aulh' krl idrOrAu hkqfjka woyiajkakd jQ fohla lsisfia;au ke;' fuz fya;`j ksid tnkaola .ek 31
  • 3. is;Sugj;a fkdyelsh' nq|=iufha TzkEu mqoa.,fhl` jsiska fkdl< hq;` hehs oelafjk miamjq yd oi wl`i,a whym;a yd m@;sfYaOkd;aul prAhdjkag ( Negative Behaviour ) ksoiqka f,i oelajsh yel' tajd idrOrAuhkays jsreoaO mCIh ksfhdackh lrk nejsks' tfiau ta ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i yeZoskajsh fkdyelsh' tfiau tjeks l@shdjka is|= lsrSfuka mqoa.,dka;r yd iudc iuznJO;d nsZo oefuk fyhska TzkEu ndysr iudc miq;,hla;`<oS tajdg ysus i;H we.ehqu 6 fkdfjkiaj mj;S' m@;scdkd;aul idrOrAu ( Positive Values ) ms<snZoj idlpzPd lrkjsg uSg iuSm wrA:fhka idrOrAu ksrAjpkh lrk mZvsjre isgs;s' jsfYaIfhkau udkqIsljdoS ufkdajsoHd .`rel`,fha udiaf,da yd Tz,afmdgz tjekafkdah' Tz,afmdgzf.a ksrAjpkh mrsos ‘idrOrAuhla hkq iajd;auh yd iuznJO wrA:hls'’ nq|=iuh wd;aujdoh neyerlrk fyhska Tz,afmdgz olajk iajd;auh mqoa., wkkH;djh f,i .; yel' tfiau th iajShFjh fyda fm#reIFjh f,io wrA:l:kh l< yel' iajShFjh yd fm#reIFjh hk lreKq fol .;fyd;a th fjku idlpzPdjg ,la l< hq;` ;rfuz jeo.;a ud;Dld folls' fuz ms<snZoj kQ;kfha is|= flrS we;s mrAfhaIK yd Ydia;@Sh oekqu wOHdmk ufkdajsoHdj" ixjrAOkd;aul ufkdajsoHdj" <ud ufkdajsoHdj" ufkda jsoHd;aul orAYkh" wOHdmk orAYkh" wdpdr jsoHdj yd orAYkh hk jsIh fCIa;@hhkays me;sr mj;shs' fuz jsIh fCIa;@hhka tllg tlla iuznJO jk w;r fuzjdfhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka jkakd jQ uD;Dld fndfyda fihskau iudkFjhla Wiq,hs' 7 idrOrAu hk jok bx.@sis NdIdfjz Values hk wrA:fhka Ndjs;hg meusK we;s tlls' tys idudkH wrA:h w.h fyj;a jgskdlu hkakhs' usksiqka w.h lrk ishZM foh idrOrAu f,i .; fkdyels nejska w.hka j,ska idrOrAu fjkalr .ekSug huz rS;shla wjYHh' fuhska lshefjk wfkla foh kuz idrOrAu fkdjk ke;fyd;a idrOrAu f,i ie,lsh fkdyels w.hkao mj;sk njhs' fuu w.hka mqoa., jYfhka fukau idudcSh jYfhkao jsh yelsh' w.hka jkdyS huzlsis fohla iZoyd fmd|= talus;slj wdfrdamKh lrk ,oaodjQ fohls' t;`< udkqIsl nj .enzjsh yelsh' tfiau tfia fkdjsh yelso jsh yelsh' tfia jshyels w.hka idrOrAu f,i ms<s.ekSu ms<snZoj wfma .egZMjla fkdue;' .egZMj we;af;a tfia fkdjsh yels foa ms<snZojh' fuz fya;`j ksid idrOrAu w.hkaj,ska fjkalr.kakd jQ uskquz oKav ms<snZoj ld,hla ;siafia odrAYkslhka fukau ufkda jsoHdZ{hska w;ro fndfyda jsjdoiy.; wdl,am we;s jS ;snsKs'8 fuz ksid fndfyda fofkl`g idrOrAu hk jpkfha iSudj l`ulaoehs ksYaps;j jgyd.ekSu wiSrejsh' Values hk jpkfhys we;s mg,ejs,s nj .ek iZoyka lrk tan@yuz udiaf,da fufia lshhs' ‘Values hkak jsjsO iajrEmfhka js.@ylr we;'jsjsO wh th f;areuz .kafka ish oDIagsfldaKhg wkqjh' i;HjYfhka oelajqjfyd;a wmg jevsl,a fkdf.dia uSg jvd ksYaps; ldrAhnoaO jpkhla fidhd.ekSu iZoyd fuz jHdc moh w;ayer oeuSug is|=fjkq we;'’ tan@yuz udiaf,da fuhska olajd isgskafka idrOrAu hkafka wrA:h th jsjsOdrA:fhka Ndjs;d lsrSu;`<ska 32
  • 4. uq,ska iZoyka l< iajrEmhg jvd w;sYhskau mqZM,a jS f.dia we; nj;a tksid thska uq,ska woyia l< wrA:hg huzlsis ydkshla is|= jS we;s nj;ah' tfukau uq,ska woyia lrk ,o wrA:h mejiSu iZoyd idrOrAu hk moh w;ayer fjk;a jpkhla Ndjs;d lsrSfuz wjYH;djh jrA;udkh jk jsg u;`j we;s njo fy;u fmkajd oS we;' 9 idrOrAu ms<snZoj tan@yuz udiaf,da iZoyka lrk fuz |=Ialr;djh uelakso olshs' ‘Values hk ixl,amh jsoHd;aul f,i Ndjs;d lsrSu ms<snZoj mj;sk |=Ialr;djhla kuz th fkdfhla fkdfhla wrA:fhkao jrskajr wrA: udre lruskao Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid we;sjS ;sfnk jHl~,Fjhhs'’ huzlsis jsIhfCIa;@hl ksYaps; wrA:hla f.koSu msKsi jHjydr lrk ,o ;dCIK mohla thska mrsndysrj idudkHlrKh jSu ksid thska uq,ska woyia lrk ,o jsoHd;aul wrA:h .s,syS f.dia we;s nj uelaksf.a m@ldYfhka fy<sfjz' idudkHlrKShjSu idudkH jHjydrfhys mj;sk jpk iZoyd fhda.Hh'kuq|= Ydia;@Sh Ndjs;fhaoS ksYaps; wrA: f.k 10 oSu iZoyd tnZ|= jpk jHjydr l< fkdyels njg m;a fjz' tfiau ta iuZ.u wod< mofhys Ydia;@Sh mokuo jshelS hdug mgka .kshs' fuz fya;`j ksid Ydia;@Sh jHydrfhys mj;sk ;dCIK mo tys Ydia;@Sh rduqj ;`<u jHjydr jkafka kuz jvd fydZo nj fmfka' idrOrAu;`< huz jsksYaphla fyda Bg wod< uQ,sldx. we;`<;a jk w;r" tajd uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a ksjeros hym;a fyda wdYd lrkq ,nk woyia yd u;hka meyeos,s flfrA' fuu idrOrAu;`< ;on, udkqIsl ,CIK we;`<;a fjz' wm jsiska mqoa.,hkaj Tjqkaf.a idrOrAuj, mj;sk oevsNdjh u; fY@aKs.; lsrSuz l< jsg th mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s idrOrAu moaO;shla ( Value System ) f,i yeZoskafjz'11 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`f.a w.kdluz fyj;a idrOrAu tys .enzjk udkqIsl w.h u; fY@aKs.; lrkq ,nk OQrdj,shla idrOrAu moaO;shla kuz fjz' fuz Oqrdj<sh flfkl`f.a udkqIsl nj fjkiajk wkqms<sfj<g iliajkakla o fjz' udkqIsl nj wkql@ufhka uD|= yd kuHYS,S yeisrSuz rgdjla olajd mrsjrA;kh jSfuzoS idrOrAu j, ;;ajh jevs oshqKq fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh is; uD|= yd kuHYS,S njg m;alrjk ixl,amhls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh n,mEfuka idrOrAu moaO;sfhys OQrdj<s rgdj wkql@ufhka oevsNdjfhys isg uD|=Ndjh olajd mrsjrA;kh fjz' huzlsis idrOrAuhla wkql@ufhka Wiia ;,hla lrd ixjrAOkhjSu hkafkys kshdudrA:h jkqfhao tajd yels;dla fmd|= udkqIsl ;,fha msysgSuhs' mqoa.,hska;`< we;s wd;audrA:lduS nj |=re lsrSug olajk Wmfhda.S;dj idrOrAuj, Wiianjg fya;`jls' tfiau ta iZoyd bjy,ajk ixl,am mj;skafka kuz ksYaps; f,i tnZ|= ixl,am fiiq udkj wdl,am ixialrKh msKsi bjy,a jk uQ,sl Wmdx. f,i kuz l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h yd tu ixcdkk fCIa;@h weiqre fldg ixialrK l@shdj<shg ,lajk yeisrSuz rgdj fyj;a prAhd moaO;sh uZ.ska fiiq idrOrAu ixl,am fuyhjSulg ,la lrk nejz meyeos,sju fmkS hk lreKls' mqoa.,hka ish,q fokdgu idrOrAu moaO;shla jsiska ksrAudKh lrkq ,nk idrOrAu OQrdj,shla fyj;a ugzguz iuQyhla we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid mqoa.,hka;`< idudkHfhka oel.; yels us;@Fjh" wkqluzmdj" mfrdamldrh" fifkyi" wdorh jeks .`Kdx. idrOrAu f,i oelajsh 33
  • 5. yel' jsjsO udkj wdl,am flfrys fuzjdfha we;s idfmaCI jeo.;alu u; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iuzmrAlh ,nkakd jQ idrOrAu moaO;sh yZ|=kd.; yelsh'12 fujeks udkqIsl .`Kdx. nsys jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska mqoa., uki fnfyjska uD|= yd kuHYS,S fjkilg nZ|=ka lrk ksidh' ;ud fukau wkqkao tl yd iudk fmd|= cSjk whs;sjdisluz N`la;s jsZoshhq;` nj jgyd .ekSug fuz ksid yelshdj ,efnz' wfkl`;a iFj jrA.hd ;udf.a m@fhdackh msKsi nsysj we;s fuj,uz fkdj ;ud jeks ;j;a wfhla f,i yZ|=kd .ekSug;a wjfndaO lr .ekSug;a fuuZ.ska wjldY ie,fia' fuu idrOrAuj, we;s jeo.;alu ( Importance of Values ) ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS fu;a;d ixl,amh iuznJOfhka nsysjk idrOrAu ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSu fuu mrspzfPaofhys oS is|= flfrA' idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,hkaf.a wdl,am" wNsfm@arKh" ixcdkkh ( ixcdkkh ) wdoS l@shdj,Ska iZoyd uQ,sl w;a;sjdru oukq ,nhs' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` fu;a;d ixl,amhg wkq.; jk jsg tlS mqoa.,hd jsiska idudkHfhka fiiq mqoa.,hka iuznJOfhka oelajsh yels fyda oelajsh hq;` fyda prAhd rgdfjz ( Behaviour ) jsjsOFjh tlS ixl,amh isf;ys 13 jrAOkh jS we;s wdldrh wkqj ;SrKh fjz' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS we;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdj tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska jrAOkh jS fkdue;s mqoa.,fhl`f.a prAhdjg jvd fydZo hehs ;rAl lsrSug fyda is;d .ekSug W;aidy .kq ,nhs' tys m@;sM,hla jYfhka fuu idrOrAu hkak wruqKq .; fyda ;drAlsl tlla jYfhka wmg oel .ekSug mqZMjk' idudkHfhka idrOrAu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkkhg ( Cognition ) yd prAhdjg n,mEuz lrkq ,efnz' iEu idrOrAuhlau ixcdkk ( ixcdkk Cognition ) yd prAhd" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S iy iudc hk mokuz mylska iukajs;h. fuu mokuz mfyka ixcdkk yd prAhd moku hk idrOrAu mokuz fol yd tys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj wfkHdakH jYfhka iuznJO lr fuu mrspzfPAofhys oS idlpzPd lrkq ,nhs' fuu fojk mrspzfPAofhys oS wm n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZo wjYH ia:dkj, oS cSj jsoHd;aul mCIhg keUqre jQ;a mqZM,a yd .eUqre odrAYksl js.@yhla is|= lsrSugh' ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ixcdkkh lsrSu" ixl,amkh lsrSu" yZ|=kd.ekSu yd ta ms<snZoj lreKq oek .ekSu wdoS ikaksfjzokh iuznJO udkisl l@shdj,sh nj uSg fmr idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lrkq ,ensKs' fuz mrspzfPAofhys oS fuu udkisl l@shdj<sh yd tlS udkisl l@shdj<sh weiqfrka mekkZ.sk prAhdj, jsjsO ,CIK ms<snZoj fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<j ijsia;rd;aulj idlpzPdlrkq ,nhs' tysoS odrAYksl lreKq fukau ufkdajsoHd;aul lreKq ms<snZojo ;`<kd;aulj i,ld ne,sh yelsh' tfukau tlS ufkda jsoHd;aul lreKq iZoyd miqnsuz jQ cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ms<snZoj o .eUqrska wjOdkh fhduq 14 lrkq ,nhs' 34
  • 6. ixcdkkh hkq cSjshd jsiska fN#;sl f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSuh' wm ndysr f,dalh ixfjzokh lsrSu fkdfhla wdldrfhka lruq' oelSu" weiSu" wd>@dKh wdoS jYfhks' fuysoS ufkdajsoHdfjys wruqK jkafka ndysr f,dalh ixcdkkh lrk wdldrh ms<snZoj i,ld ne,Suh' prAhdjdoSkaf.a ksrAjpkh wkqj ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhka w;r mj;sk fjki yZ|=kd .ekSuhs'15 ixcdkkh ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuka ufkdajsoHdjg we;s m@;sM,h l`ulao hkqfjka weish yelsh' ixcdkkh wmf.a prAhdj flfrys uQ,sl jYfhka n,mdk idOlhls' cSjshd yeisfrkafka ndysr f,dalfhka ixfjzokh jk W;af;ackhkag wkqjhs' tu ksid ixcdkkh ms<snZoj yeoErSu jeo.;a fjz' ixl,am ms<snZoj wOHhkh lsrSfuzoS fuu ldrKh w;HjYH jkafka huzlsis ixl,amhla wruqKq fldgf.k we;sjkakd jQ ix{djka cSjSka jsiska .@yKh lr.kq ,nkafka ixcdkk l@shdj<sh uZ.ska jSu ksidhs'16 fu;a;d ixl,amh wjYHfhkau iduQysl nj flaJ|@fldg f.k f.dvkeZ.S we;a;ls' tu ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au iduQyslFjh ms<snZo yeZ.Suo cSjshd ;`<g ksr;`re msjsfia' cSjSkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh fiiq cSjSka o iuZ. iduQysl osjs fmfj;la .; lsrSu jk nejska hf:dala; iduQysl osjs fmfj; iuZ.s iuzmkakj .; lsrSfuys,d fujeks ixcdkk uy;a fia WmldrS fjz' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu prAhd rgdj ixialrKfhys,d .egquz yd wrAnqo nyq, jrA;udk udkj iudchg wjYHfhkau jeo.;ah' ixcdkkfhaoS wms jsiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;` tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz wjOdkhhs' W;af;aclhkaf.a fjki yZ|=kd .ekSfuzoS cSjshdf.a wjOdkh n,mdhs' huz W;af;ackhla wjOdkfhka f;drj mj;S kuz th ixcdkkh jkafka ke;' ixcdkkh hkq W;af;ackhla wjOdkhg ,lajSuh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ uD|= iajNdjh" cSj ys;jdoSnj" tald.@;djh jeks lreKq ksid is; mSvdjg m;a lrk" jsh<s is;sjs<s wnsnjd tuZ.ska is;g iykhla ,ndosh yelsh' isf;ys iajNdjh kuz ksrka;rfhkau jsjsO ixcdkkhkaf.ka hqla;j mej;Su jk w;r tjeks ixcdkkhkaf.kao fu;a;d ixl,amh lemS fmfkkafka tys mj;sk by; lS jsfYaI ,CIK ksid nejska ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys oS m@uqL;u wjOdkhg th md;@ jkafkah' fuu wjOdkh .;sl iajNdjfhka hqla;h' wjOdkfhys tla;rd uOH ,CIhla mj;S' fuh kdNsh hkqfjka yZ|=kajhs' mrsirh ;`< mj;sk W;af;aclh kdNsh fjhs' wjOdkh yd iuznJO B <Z. fldgi kuz Wmdka;hhs' Wmdka;h hkq W;af;aclh jsp,kh jkakd jQ iSudjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd jQ l@shdj<sh wdruzNfha oS ixcdkkh lsrSfuz myiqj ;ld huz huz iSudjka Tiafia muKla ixcdkk jmirsh iSud lrkq ,nhs' kuq;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au wkql@ufhka fuu jmirsh mqZM,a lrkq ,nk w;r iSudjka ish,a, w;sl@uKh lrkq ,nhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuz l@shj<sh werfUkafka uu hk iSudj flaJ|@fldgf.k nejska fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo wjOdkfhys uOH ,CIHh jk kdNsh uu hkak f,i oelajsh yelsh' tjsg W;af;aclh jkqfhao uu hkakhs' ish,q iFjhka fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh m;`rjkq ,nkafka uu hkak idfmaCI fldg f.k nejska uu hkak flaJ|@h f,i .ekSfuz wjYH;djh meyeos,s fjz' fuu kdNsh yd Wmdka;h w;r jsjsO wjia:djka wms ixcdkkh lruq' iuyr 35
  • 7. wjia:dj,oS wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia fjhs' fufia wjOdkfhys kdNsh fjkia jSu idOl rdYshla u; is|= fjz' fulS idOl m@Odk jYfhka fldgia follg fnosh yelsh'17 tkuz ndysr yd wNHka;r hkqfjks' fuhska ndysr idOl ms<snZoj m<uqfldgu ie,ls,a, fhduq lruq' funZ|= tla jeo.;a idOlhla kuz ( intensive ) ;Sj@r;djhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl ;Sj@;dj wkqj ixcdkkh (intensity cognitive) f.dv kefZ.a' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mj;skakd jQ ;Sj@;dj kuz fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd ;Sj@ f,i wfkl`;a foa tlg neZo ;nd.kakd (intensity factor) ixl,amhla f,i l@shd;aul jSuhs' tfukau iFjdruzuKhka wruqKq jYfhka Ndjs;d lrkq ,nk nejska tlS wruqK cSjS iajNdjfhka mej;Su wksjdrAh fjz' fuu wruqK wcSjS jqjfyd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh tla;rd ugzgulska Tnzng oshqKq l< yels fkdfjz' fyj;a ;Sj@ f,i Ndjs;d l< fkdyelsh' ;j;a idOlhla kuz jsYd,Fjhhs' lsishuz ixl,amhl mj;skakd jQ mqZM,anj ksid fiiq ixl,amhka w;rska jvd;a wjOdkhg ,la fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh wdruzNfha oS uu flaJ|@fldg .;a; o jv jvd;a ixcdkk l@shdj<sh oshqKq j;au uqZM uy;a jsYajfhau we;a;d jQ il,jsO cSjSka ish,q fokdu wruqK jYfhka fhdod .efkk ksid th fnfyjska mqZM,a ixl,amhls'18 jsYd,Fjh yereKq fldg m@fNaokh o ndysr idOlhla fjz' m@fNaokh hkq iqmqre|= W;af;ack w;rg wZM;a W;af;ackhla meusKSuhs' idudkH ixl,amj,g jvd is;g iykhla Wodlrkakd jQ ixl,amhla uZ.ska we;sjkakd jQ W;af;ackh ksid tlS ixl,amh jvd;a myiqfjka ixcdkkh jsh yelshs' tfukau huzlsis ixl,amhla jsjsO iajrEmj,ska hqla;j ixcdkkh jSug i,iajhs kuz tlS ixl,amh ukdj .@yKh lr.kq ,nk nj o fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh tla tla wdldrj,ska yd iajrEmj,ska jvk wdldrh jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r fjz'19 tys jsia;r lrkakd jQ jsjsO l@uhka tlu fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd myiqfjka ixcdkkh lsrSug ieliqKd jQ jsOs l@uhka fjz' tkuq;a tla tla jsOsl@uhkays wjidk mshjfrys ta l@u ish,af,ysu ftlHhla f,i iSud iuzfNaoh bj;a lr fu;a;d ixl,amh jvd;a mqZM,a iajrEmfhka ixcdkkh l< hq;` whqre olajd ;sfnz' ixcdkkh msKsi wjYH lrk ;j;a ndysr idOlhla kuz mqkrdjrA;khhs' mqkrdjrA;kh lsishuz W;af;ackhla kej; kej; olakg ,efnzkuz tlS W;af;ackh flfrys jevsfhka wjOdkh fhduq fjhs' lsishuz ixl,am iuQyhla w;rska jsfYaIs; ixl,amhla nyq,j Ndjs;d lsrSu ksid mqkrdjrA;kh jk jsg th mqoa.,fhl`f.a wjOdkhg yiq fjhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuzoS Wmfoia fokq ,nkafka th jv jvd;a nyq, jYfhka mqre|= mqyqKq lrk f,ihs' fuhg wu;rj fu;a;d ixl,amfhys o wka;rA.; iqj myiq iajNdjh iFjhd kej; kej;;a tu ksus;af;ys /ZojSug fya;`jla fjz' fuh yereKq jg p,kh o ndysr idOlhls' lsishuz ixl,amhl prAhd ,CIKj, wka;rA.;h wkqj p,k .`Kh wOsl;r fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; prAhd ,CIK wfkla ixl,amj, prAhd ,CIKj,g jvd wOsl;r nejska jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk l@shdj<sh msKsi wjOdkhg fhduq fjz' fuzjd w;rska wdorh" fm@auh" ohdj" fifkyi" mfrdamldrh" us;@YS,S yeisrSu" iudcYS,SFjh" iudc fiajh" iduQyslFjh" iudcdkqqfhd.Snj"ukqIHFjh" YsIaG iuzmkaknj" wdpdrYS,Snj" ;Hd.YS,Snj" 36
  • 8. kuHYS,Snj" iykYS,SFjh" iycSjkh yd ifydaorFjh jeks usksfila ;j flfkl`f.a |=lg msysg jSug n,mdk tfukau l@shdldrSFjh fya;`fldg f.k ndysrska o jsoHudk jk m@n,;u lreKq jvd myiqfjka mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ixcdkkh lr.kq ,efnz' fuzjd mqoa.,hdf.ka ndysrj mj;sk nejska ndysr idOl jYfhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz'20 wfkla idOl jrA.h kuz wNHka;r idOlhs' wNHka;r idOl w;r m@n, idOlhla kuz fm@arKhhs' wmf.a uQ,sl fm@arKhka yd iuznJO W;af;acl myiqfjka wjOdkhg ,la fjz' wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh wmf.a uQ,slu fm@arKhla f,i oelafjz' wdoS ld,Sk udkjhdf.a mgka jrA;udk oshqKq iudc.; udkjhd olajd ;ukaf.a fulS wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh hk uQ,sl wjYH;djhka iuzmQrAK lr.ekSu msKsi udkjhd ;ksj yeisrSfuka je<lS f.da;@ jYfhka ixjsOdkh jS l@shdl< wdldrh udkj jsoHdj jeks jsIhhkays meyeos,sj wOHhkhg md;@ fjz' f.da;@sl iudchkays mgkau iudc.; udkj lKavdhuzj,g iduQysl nj w;HjYH jkakls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSfuzoS udkjhdf.a fulS uQ,sl fm@arKh jk wdorh yd iqrCIs; iajNdjh Tyqg ,efnk nejska jvd;a myiqfjka yd ksrdhdifhka ixcdkkh is|= fjz' ;j;a wNka;r idOlhla kuz wfmaCIdjhs' wm jevsfhka wfmaCId lrk foa myiqfjka wjOdkhg ,la fjz' ixcdkkfha oS uQ,sl jYfhka jeo.;a jk fuu wjOdkh tla;rd wkaoul wmf.a uOH iakdhq moaO;sh iy fud<h jsfYaIfhka kshqla; jS we;s W;af;aclh myiqfjka wjOdkhg yiq fjz' uOH iakdhq moaO;sh tla W;af;aclhla flfrys kshqla; jQ jsg wfkl`;a W;af;acl ms<snZoj fud<h lrd mKsjqv f.khdu wekysgS' fufia n,k jsg ixcdkkh flfrys YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh n,mdk nj fmfka' 21 wNsOrAufhys iZoyka jk w;s iQCIu ps;a; ffp;isl jsNd.h uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms,snZo nq|=iuh olajk ,o w;s uy;a ie,ls,a, ksrEmKh fldg oelafjz' ishZM udkisl .;s iajNdjhka w;s iQCIu f,i jrA.SlrKh fldg nq|=iuh ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj jsia;r lrkq ,nhs' tysoS wdh;k" Od;`" jsZ[aZ[dK jYfhka ukfiys ndysr wruqKq .ekSfuys l@shdj,sh ixcdkk oDIags fldaKfhka ukdj iQCIau f,i jsYaf,aIKh fldg f;areuz .ekSug yd tu f;areuz .ekSu bjy,a fldgf.k i;Hh wjfndaO lr.ekSug myiqjk whqrska jsia;rd;aulj wrA: olajd we;' ixcdkkh flfrys n,mdkq ,nk YdrSrsl cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sfhys tla;rd wdldrhl ixjsOdkd;aul njla olakg ,efnz' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a ndysr f,dalfhyss mj;sk W;af;ack wms ixcdkkh lrkafka lsishuz wdldrhlg ixjsOdkd;aul njlska hqla; W;af;ack jYfhkah' fmfkk W;af;acl" wefik W;af;acl" oefkk W;af;acl" wd>@dKh jk W;af;acl yd ri jsZsosk W;af;acl jYfhka fuz ish,q wdldr jQ W;af;ackhkag ixjsOdk rgdjla ;sfnz' ixjsOdkd;aul Ndjfhka nq|=iufhys oelafjk fu;a;d ixl,amh fiiq iuhjdohkays jsia;r flfrkakd jQ fuhg iudkFjh .kakd fiiq ixl,amj,g jvd mrsmQrAK iajNdjhlska hqla; jSu fya;`fldg f.k jvd;a myiqfjka yd jvd;a ;Sj@ f,i mqoa., uki flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula l< yels W;af;aclhla jYfhka yZ|=kd .ekSug fuz wkqj ms<sjk' fu;a;d 37
  • 9. idrOrAufhys ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) hg;g .efkkafka fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh yd fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jk wdldr yd wjia:d oek.ekSu hk lreKq ms<snZoj flfrkakdjQ idlpzPdjhs' fu;a;d idrOrAufhys ixcdkk me;slv hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafkao by; oelafjk ixcdkk mokuh' fuysoS idlpzPdjg .efkkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo ukfia we;sjk jspdr mQrAjl woyi ixcdkk moku f,i ie,fla' uQ,slju fu;a;d idrOrAuh yZ|=kd.ekSu th l@shd;aul l<hq;` yd l@shd;aul l<yels wjia:d nqoaOsuh jYfhka jsurAYkhg ,lalsrSu ;`<ska jv jvd;a by< nqoaOsuh ia:r hgf;a tu ixl,amh Ndjs;hg .ekSfuz wjia:d Wodfjz' fuh fpz;kdj yd noaO jQ jevms<sfj,ls' fpz;kdfjz jsjsOFjh wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amfha Ndjs;h jsjsOjk whqre fuu mrspzfPAofhaoS .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,laflfrkq we;' prAhd moku ( Foundation of Behaviour ) hkqfjka yeZoskafjkafka huzlsis idrOrAuhla ms<snZo wdpdr jsoHd;aul m@ia;`;hhs' fuz hgf;a idrOrAuh iuznJO wod< yeisrSuz rgdj wOHhkh lrkq ,efnz' huz wjia:djloS l@shdl< hq;` ksjeros wdldrh l`ulaoehs jsksYaph lsrSfuzoS mdol lr.kafka idrOrAuhs' fuh iodpdr jsksYaph ( Moral Judgement ) f,i yeZoskafjzz' fuz wkqj idrOrAu yd iodpdrh w;r iuSm iuznJO;djhla ;sfnz' fuz ksid prAhd moku hg;g wdpdr jsoHd;aul yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu ms<snZo jQ jsYaf,aIKhka wka;rA.;h' idrOrAuhla yqfola jshqla; ixl,amhla fkdfjz' th wjidk jYfhka l@shdfjka m@ldYs; prAhdjls' mqoa., prAhdj ms<snZoj fndfyda lreKq prAhdjdoh ( Behaviour ) ms<snZoj yeoerSu uZ.ska o; yelsh' prAhdj fukau uki o ksrSCIKh l< yels yd ueKsh yels fohla nj jrA;udkfhysoS ms<sf.k yudrh' jsfYaIfhka mdrfN#;sl jsoHdZ{hska fujeks wdl,am or;s' udkisl wdl,am ueKsh yels l@uh f,i Tjqka jsiskau bosrsm;a lrk prAhdj mdol lr.;a; o fu;a;d ixl,amh hk ufkda .;sl iajNdjh ke;fyd;a ixcdkkuh W;af;ackh uZ.ska usksia udkisl iajNdjfhys ie,lsh hq;` Okd;aul fjkila fyj;a m@jrAOkhla fmkakquz lrkq ,nk nj m@;HCI jYfhkau o; yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska usksia ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@hg is|= l< yels n,meu wOHhkh lrkq ,nkafka fujka miqnsula mdol lrf.kh' YS, YsCIdj prAhd ixialrK l@ufjzohla f,i;a ksrAjdK.duSFjh lrd hk l@usl jevmsfjf<ys mQrAj m@;smodjla f,i;a nq|=iufhys wrA: olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a udkisl miqnsug prAhdj uZ.ska n,meula l<yels nj ms<s.ekSug ,laj we;' fuz woyi uZola |=rg YS, YsCIKh iuznJOfhka nq|=iufhys js.@y jk woyi iuZ. iuSm iuznJOhla fmkajhs' fuhska m@lg jk jeo.;a lreK kuz ufkdajsoHdZ{hska jsiska prAhd ixcdkkh kSrAKh lsrSfuys,d jeo.;a idOlhla fldg .kq ,enQfjz tys ksrSCIK Yla;sh .enzjSuh' fmros. ufkdajsoHdj huz mqoa.,fhl`f.a ixcdkk fCIa;@h iDcq f,iu ksrSCIKhg yd mrSCIKhg Ndckh lsrSug;a ta uZ.ska ,nd .kakd f;dr;`re msgsjy,a lrf.k th Ndjd;aul mCIfhys ixjrAOkhg yd Okd;aul ixialrKhkag fhdod .ekSug yels ;rfuz oshqKq ;;ajhl mej;sks' 38
  • 10. fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj fmros. woajs;Sh oekquz iuq|=r;`< uq|=ka u,a lvla f,i b;du;a by< ia:dkhl jecUqks' jsjsO jsIhhkaf.ka fmdaIKh ,nuska l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkh fjuska mej;s fmros. pska;lhska jsiska bosrsm;a lrk ,o jsjsO ufkdajsYaf,aIKhkays jsjsO wvqmdvq |=r,d ta fjkqjg uekjska wdfoaY l< yels mrsmQrAK yd wx.iuzmQrAK l@ufjzohla fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj jsiska f,djg odhdo lrkq ,ensK' fmros. oekquz moaO;sh oshqKq jSug n,mEfjz tys wvx.` odrAYksl mCIfhys jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz ksrka;rfhka is|= jSuh' tu w;aoelSuz iDcq f,iu ixcdkk l@shdj<sh jsjsO f,i Ndjs;d lruska is|= lrkq ,nk m@jrAOkd;aul m@;HCIlsrSuzh' tu m@;HlaI wjfndaOhka jsjsO w;ayod ne,Suz weiqrska f.dv keZ.S mej;sK' ta ;;ajh hgf;a fmros. ufkdajsoHd fCIa;@h ;`< huzlsis ixl,amhl ixcdkk w;ayod ne,Suz yd m@jrAOkd;aul Ndjs;d lsrSuz ksrSCIKh lsrSfuys,d wx. iuzmQrAK yd mrsmQrAK fidhd.ekSula f,i ie,flk fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdfjz ixcdkk moku iDcq ksrSCIK lsrSuz uZ.skau ta ms<snZo ish,qu f;dr;`re ,nd .; yels ugzgfuz oshqKqjla w;am;a lrf.k ;snsKs' tmuKla fkdj ;ukag wjYH wdldrfha ps;a; oshqKqjla yd prAhd ixjrAOkhla we;s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk wdldrfhka wjia:dfkdaps; ixl,am ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d flfia Ndjs;hg .kafkao hk lreKq ms<snZoj fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj Wkka|=jla olajd ;snsKs' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk l@shdj<sh yd tlS ixcdkk l@shdj<shg iu.duSj prAhd mCIfhka mqoa.,fhla ,nd .kakd iqjsfYaIS l`i,;d yd yelshdjka fudkjdoehs hkak;a iDcq ksrSCIKhka ;`<skau jgyd.ekSug ;ruz oshqKq ;,hl fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj mj;akd nj wjsjdos;h'22 prAhdjdohg wh;a lreKq uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk jSu yd iduQysl yeisrSuz rgdfjz ixjrAOkh flfrys Okd;aul f,i n,mdkq ,nk wdldrh meyeos,s lrhs' wk;`rej fu;a;d ixl,amfhys prAhd moku hgf;a tys wdpdr jsoHd;aul miqnsu ms<snZo jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz.fuhg wh;a jkqfha we;a; l:d lsrSu" wkqkag Wojz lsrSu" jsYajdih /lSu" iudc m@;sudk lv fkdlsrSu ( mxpYS, m@;smodj )" fmdfrdka|= bgqlsrSu" iduQysl j.lSfuka hqla;j l@shdlsrSu" wkHhkag iyfhda.h oelajSu" bjiSu" ;ekam;a iajNdjh" iudkd;au;djh" uD|= fudf<dla nj" wk;sudkS nj yd wdpdrYS,S mej;`u hk lreKqh. ;@smsgl idys;Hh ;`< wka;rA.; nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska ish Y@djlhkag wkq.ukh fldg l@shdjg kZ.d ;ud jsiskau mila lr .kakd f,i kshu lr jod< ldh luzu yd jpS luzuhkag wod< ish,qu l`i,.duS yd mqKH.duS lreKq prAhd mokug wka;rA.; fia oelajsh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska mqoa.,fhl` jsiska w;am;a lr.kq ,nk prAhd oshqKqj m@ldYhg meusfKkafka iS, YsCIdfjks' iS, YsCIdfjys wka;rA.;h ms<snZoj wOHhkh wdpdr jsoHdjg wh;ah' tfiau prAhdj wOHhkh lrkqfhao wdpdr jsoHdj uZ.sks' tu ksid prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsYaf,aIKfhoS wdpdr jsoHd;aul iajrEmfha js.@yhla fuu phH!d;aul fldgig wka;rA.; lr ;sfnz' jsY`oaOs udrA.h fn#oaO ixl,amhkays ixcdkk yd prAhd moku u;` lrk legm;la fia .sKsh yelsh' thska uQ,sl mshjfrys isg wjidk mshjr olajd l@udkQl~, f,i jsia;r flfrkqfha prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska wjYH lrk ixcdkk l`i,;dj 39
  • 11. ,nd .kafka flfiao hk lreKhs' tfiau tfia ,nd .kakd ,o ixcdkk l`i,;djh Wmfhda.S lr .ksuska wjYH lrk prAhd oshqKqjg m;a jk wdldrh o tys uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' fuys oS jsY`oaOsudrA.h wOHhkh uZ.ska wdpdr jsoHdj yd wOs wdpdr jsoHdj ms<snZoj fmr wmr foos. odrAYksl u;hkag wkql~,jk mrsoafoka fu;a;d idrOrAufhys .enzjk wdpdr jsoHd;aul ikaorANh yd ixcdkk fCIa;@h .eUqrska idlpzPdjg ,lalsrSu yd t;`<ska nq|= oyu ;`< wka;rA.; jsoHd;aul pska;kh uekjska yZ|=kd.ekSu l< yelsh' fuysoS wdod< odrAYkslhkaf.a kHdhhka iuZ. fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`<kd;aul f,i jsYaf,aIKh flfrkafka fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`< wka;rA.; odrAYksl yd kHdhd;aul nj meyeos,sj m@lg lsrSu msKsih' tfukau jevs |=rg;a fulS jsIhhka ms<snZoj mrAfhaIK ldrAhfhys fhfokakl`g th jeo.;a jsh yels fyhsks' prAhdmoku iZoyd jskh msglhg wh;a lreKq;a ixcdkk moku ( Foundation of Cognition ) iZoyd iQ;@ yd wNsOrAu msglhkays wka;rA.; iQ;@ foaYkd;a Wmfhda.S lr.kq ,efnz' md,s ixialD; yd bx.@Sis NdIdjkag wu;rj fjk;a NdIdjkaf.ka rps; ;@smsgl yd wjfYaI uQ, .@J:hkays wka;rA.; f;dr;`reo fuz iZoyd Ndjs;hg .; yelsh' idrOrAu ms<snZo jsoHd;aul moku ( Scientific Foundation about Values ) idrOrAu jkdyS udkj ixcdkk ( The Field of Cognition ) fCIa;@hg jsIh jkakd jQ ixl,amhkah ( Concepts )' huzlsis ixl,amhla ixcdkkh jkafka flfiao hk lreK uekjska wOHhkh lsrSu uZ.ska udkjhka i;`jk iqjsfYaIS idrOrAu yZ|=kd.ekSug WmldrSfjz' idrOrAu cSj jsoHd;aul mCIfhka yg .kafka flfiaoEhs jgyd.ekSug tnZ|= wOHhkhka ukd msgsjy,ls' iEu iFj jsfYaIhlgu Wreu iqjsfYaIS .;s,laIK we;' usksid we;`ZM jdkr jsfYaIhkag wh;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha cSjSkagu muKla iqjsfYaIs; .;s,laIK ksid udkj jrA.hd fjk;a i;aj jsfYaI w;rska fjkalr myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; yel'ta ms<snZoj jsjsO mrAfhaIK is|=lr we;'fud<fha taiZoydu fjkajQ ffi, jsfYaIhla o udkjhd we;`ZM fjk;a m@hsfugdjrA.fha i;aj jsfYaIhkag Wreu nj fidhdf.k ;sfnz'udkjhkaf.a fud<fha tnZ|= ffi, m@udKh fiiq m@hsfugdjkag idfmalaIlj by< w.hla .kshs' funZ|= lreKq ksid udkj idrOrAu iqjsfYaIs;dj ms<snZoj Ydia;@Sh ks.ukj,g ;rAldkQl~,j meusKSug ixcdkk fCIa;@h cSj jsoHd;aulj yeoErSu b;d m@fhdackj;ah' fu;a;d keue;s idrOrAuh o tla;rd wdldrhl ixl,amhls' ixl,am iFjhka;`<g m@fjzY jkafka ixcdkkh keue;s cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj,sh ;`<sks' fuys jsfYaIFjh jkqfha fuu ixcdkkh keue;s l@shdj,sfhys cSj jsoHd;aul jgskdlula fukau odrAYksl jgskdlula o .enzjSuhs' jsfYaIfhka ngysr odrAYkslhka w;rska fndfyda fofkl` fuz ixcdkk fCIa;@h ms<snZoj mrAfhaIKh lsrSug Wkka|= jkakg jQfha ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .enzjk fulS odrAYksl jgskdlu ksidh' Cognition hk jpkfhka idudkHfhka woyia jkafka yeZoskSu" oekSu" Wm,nzOsh" ixcdkkh" kqjK hk woyiah' ixcdkkh hkqfjka oelafjkafkao fuhuh' udkjprAhd ixialrKhg wjYH wdl,am ikaksfjzokh f,i fuu ixcdkkh hk moh 40
  • 12. ksrAjpkh l< yelsh' mqZM,a jsurAYkhkays oS th wksjdrAhfhkau iSud iys; njla .ekSug 23 mqZMjk' udkj ixcdkk fCIa;@h" ( The Field of Human Cognition ) wm woyia lrkqfha ukqIH iajNdjh olajkakd jQ l@ufjzohla f,ihs' wju jYfhka idudkH ukqIHhka jsiska Tjqka ienjskau fkdolskakd jQ foa ishZM foa ms<snZoju oekSula we;s lr.kq ,nkqfha fuu ixcdkk fCIa;@h ;`<sks'24 ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys mj;akd jQ fulS ishquz nj ksid tu jsIh ms,snZoj ishquz lreKq wkdjrKh lr.; hq;af;ao uD|= njska ishquz jQ is;sks' ulaksido h;a oevs jkakg jkakg isf;ys uD|= yd ishquz nj jskdY jS hk fyhsks' fldamfhka yd oafjzIfhka is; rZM yd oevs lrk w;r ffu;@sfhka is; uD|= yd ishquz lrkq ,nhs' fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lr;au is; uD|= yd ishquz jS isf;ys nqoaOsuh .`Kh jrAOkh fjz' pska;kh" iaurKh" wdjrAckh" bf.kSu" ldjH ridiajdoh yd ;rAldkQl~,nj jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl ,laIK nqoaOsuh .`K f,i ie,fla' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSfuka uD|= yd ishquz njg 25 m;ajkq is;lg jvd myiqfjka fun|= Wiia ufkda.;sl iajNdj lrd ,Z.djsh yel' ixcdkkh iy uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj ( Cognation and early Experimental Psychology ) fuysoS jeo.;a ;ekla .kq ,nk jsIh fCIa;@hls' ufkda jsoHdfjz werUqu f,i t<sorjq jkqfha uSg wjqre|= ish .Kklg fmr mej;s huz jsoHd;aul YsCIKhla f,ihs' tfiau th wfkl`;a jsIhhkaf.ka fjkajQ YsCIKhla f,i mrsKduh fjuska mej;sKs' fuz wjia:dfjzoS tu jsIh ms<snZo jsIhdkQl~, wjfndaOh jevsj;au th orAYkfhka yd iudc jsoHdfjka lD;s@uj muKla fjka jQ jsIhhla njg m;ajsh' tfukau th cSj jsoHdfjka o" idudkH jYfhka fN#;sl jsoHdfjka o fjka jQjla njg m;ajsh' kuq;a th widudkH 26 isoaOdka;hla fkdfjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku yeoErSfuzoS uq,a mrAfhaIKd;aul ufkdajsoHdj jeo.;a jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska ixcdkkh jSfuzoS fud<h yd iakdhq moaO;sh thg olajkakd jQ m@;spdrh u; isrefrA cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh tuZ.ska md,kh jk wdldrh;a" odrAYksl mCIfhka tlS cSj jsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh cSj ixy;sfhys m@jrAOkh iZoyd WmldrS jk wdldrh;a"27 jsoHdkQl~, f,i tuZ.ska jsYaf,aIKh lr olajk nejsks'wNsOrAu msglfhys oS jsYaf,aIKh lr olajkafka fuu ;;ajhhs' 28 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku ms<snZoj ( Metta Concept & Foundation of Cognition ) lreKq idlpzPdjg .ekSfuz oS nqoaOsh hkq l`ulaoehs uZola meyeos,s lr.ekSu jeo.;ah' fuysoS huzlsis idrOrAuhl ixcdkk moku hkqfjka woyia jkafka nqoaOsuh ia:rh nj l,ska iZoyka lrk ;sfnz' nqqoaOsh hkqfjka wm jsiska ksrAjpkh lr.kakd foh l`ulao hkak ms<snZoj huzlsis tlZ.Fjhlg meusKSug is|=fjz' fuysoS jspdrd;aul nj" iyc l`Y,;djh" m@;sNdj" mrsl,amk Yla;sh" ksirA.h" ksrAudKYS<SFjh" ;ksj ;SrK .ekSfuz yelshdj" bf.kqfuys yelshdj" is;Su" pska;kh" ukkh hkdoS lreKq rdYshla tlg tla;eka jQ 41
  • 13. wjia:djlg wm nqoaOsh hkqfjka jHjydr lrk nj fmfkkakg ;sfnz' by; olajk ,o wjia:d rdYsh w;rska nqoaOsh hkqfjka ienjskau wm ksrAjpkh lrkafka l`ulao$ fuz ish,a,uo$ ke;fyd;a tajd w;rska tllao$ kQ;k jHjydrhg wkqj wrA: olajkafka kuz nqoaOsh hkafkka jHjydr jkqfha ksrAudKYS,sFjh nj fmfka' fiiq wjia:djka nqoaOshg wka;rA.; jqj;a usksidf.a ksrAudKhlg mjd wka;rA.; l< yels fuj,uz nj mejfia' fuz hgf;a mj;akd foa Wmfhda.S fldg f.k kj foa m@;sNdj weiqrska nsys lsrSu ksrAudKYS,sFjh f,i ie<fla' wm l:d lrkafka idrOrAu ms<snZoj ksid ienjskau idrOrAu ixl,amhkays ksrAudKYS,S miqnsula .enzjkafkao keoao hkak ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduqfldg ne,sh hq;`h' idrOrAu ixl,amhkays miqnsu ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj we.hqulg ,la lsrSu tys moku .fjzIKh hkafka woyihs' ta wdldrhg huzlsis idrOrAu ixl,amhl fuu ksrAudKYS,S moku wka;rA.; fjz kuz tu idrOrAu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@h wka;rA.; hehs mejish yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj fuz wdldrhgu wjOdkh fhduq lr ne,qjfyd;a tys ksrAudKYS,S nj wka;rA.;o keoao hkak ms<snZoj jgyd .; yelsjkq we;' nqoaOsfhys iajNdjh ( Nature of intelligence ) fhys fu;a;d ixl,amh;`<ska W;aidylrkqfha iuia; cSj m@cdj tlg tlalr ;enSuhs' nz,Qlhsuz wdoSka idrOrAu jkdyS iudc ue,shula (Social Binder) f,io wrA: olajkq ,enqfjz idrOrAu ixl,amhkays wka;rA.; fuu .`Kdx.h ksidhs' cSjfhys m@Odku .`Kdx.h jkqfha cSjhg ys;iqj iemhSfuz jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh lr oSuhs' fjk;a jsosylska lsjfyd;a ukqIHhd we;`ZM iEu cSjsfhl`gu fuf,dj jdih lsrSfuzoS fuf,dj jdikdjka; ia:dkhla tfukau jdihg Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu uqZMukskau mejfrkafkao usksid m@Odk fldg we;s il, cSj m@cdj fj;uh' fuysoS usksid ksrAudKYS,sFjh w;ska fiiq wfkla iFj j.!hdg jvd fndfyda fihska bosrsfhka isgsk ksid fiiq iFj m@cdjgu fuf,dj jdih lsrSug Wps; ia:dkhla f,i mj;ajdf.k hEfuz j.lSu usksidgu mejfrA' nq|=iuh usksidf.a fuu nqoaOsuh yelshdj ms<s.kakd w;ru fuf,dj fiiq iFj j.!hdgo cSj;ajSfuz whs;shla we;snj ms<s.kakd f,i usksidg n,lr mjid isgshs' tfukau fiiq cSj m@cdj iuZ. iyfhda.Sj cSj;ajsh hq;` nj o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' usksid ksrAudKYS,S ukqIHfhla jkafka iajNdj OrAuh iuZ. tlaj l@shd lsrSu uZ.sks' ienjskau iajNdjh" iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ienjskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' iajNdj OrAufhys ksrAudKYS,SFjh usksidg" usksia nqoaOshg jgyd.; fkdyels ;ruskau ksrAudKYS,Sh' fuz ksidu fuu l@shdj,sh ksjerosj lr.; fkdyels jSu ksidu f,dj nsysjQ we;euz wd.uz yd orAYk uZ.ska iajNdj OrAuh ke;fyd;a iuia; cSj yd wcSj iajNdjhu tla;rd wdldrhlska mqoa., iajrEmhlska i,ld ;sfnz' ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh werfUkakg uQ,sl nSchka fuz ;;ajh mdol lrf.k we;s jQ nj meyeos,sh' ksrAudKjdoS wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,am nsys jS we;af;a iajNdj OrAuh i;` wmQrAj yelshdj usksia nqoaOsh ;`<ska 42
  • 14. js.@y lsrSfuzoS mek kZ.skakg jQ jsjsO wkjfndaO ;;ajhka lrK fldg f.kh' ksis wdldrfhka fya;`M, js.@yhlg wiu;a jSu fya;`fjks' fuh tla;rd |=rlg ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys .egZMuh ;;ajhla f,i o fmkajd osh yelsh' wrA:jka ixcdkkhla l< yels jkafka ixcdkk fCIa;@h jsjsO wkjYH iSud meKjSuz j,ska ksoyiaj mj;akd jsg muKla nejska fujeks iSud meKjSuz mj;sk ;;aFjhla ;`< oS tuZ.ska we;s lrjkakd jQ ixcdkkh jsOsu;a yd mrsmQrAK hehs ks.uhlg meusKSug fldfy;au mqZMjka lula we;af;a ke;' tu ksid tjka ixcdkk fCIa;@hka uZ.ska ,nd .kakd jsjsO ;SrK wrA:l:k j, iajrEmh iSud iys; jSu fkdje<elajsh yelsh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh jeks ishquz ufkda.;sl iajNdjhka ukfiys W;af;ackh jkqfha uki rZM wdl,am j,ska yd iSud lsrSuz jeks wys;lr ixcdkk w;aoelSuz j,ska f;drj mj;sk jsgh' ufkda.;sl jYfhka ishquz ;;ajlg ixcdkk fCIa;@h m;a lrjSug udkisl yelshdj we;s jkafka jsjsO wOsldruh ;;ajhkaf.ka uki fkdje<lajqjfyd;a muKs' wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki b;du;a ishquzh' wjia:djkag Wps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;d we;sjkqfha uki ishquznj jsgh' isysh;a wLKav ksrSCIKd;aul jsYaf,aIK ixcdkkh;a ;`<ska jsmiaikd pska;kh ukfiys ixcdkk fCIa;@h fuf;la mej;shd jQ mrsudKhg jvd jevs meyeos,s oelaula ,enSfuz wjldYh Wodjk mrsos mqZM,a lsrSulg nZ|=ka lrkqfha by; olajk ,o wOsldruh iajNdjhlska f;dr jQ uki wjia:dfkdaps; mrsos .eUqre ksrAudKYS,S ;;aFjhka cks; lsrSfuz YlH;djhka iys; ksidh' ksrAudKYS,sFjh fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ. ieifokafka flfiao$ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uqLHdrA:h jkqfha ys; us;`re njhs' fuu ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,So$ ksrAudKYS,Snj hkq is;du;d wZM;ska f.dvkZ.k njhs'us;@YS,S udkisl miqnsu;`< kejquznj ms<snZo jsjsO wdl,am f.dv kefZ.a' kejquz nj fukau tlg tlalrk taldnoaO;djh we;s lrk nj o olakg we;' fuhska woyia flfrkqfha us;@Fjh ke;fyd;a ys;j;anj ksrAudKYS,S njhs' ksrAudKYS,S pska;khla fkdue;s ;eke;a;dg f.dvkZ.d .ekSula l<yels fkdfjz' ys;j;a iajNdjh we;sjkqfha fuu f.dvkeZ.Su ;`<sks' iuia; cSj m@cdj iuZ. us;@Fjh f.dvkZ.kqfha fuu ksrAudKYS,S pska;kh uZ.sks' fuz olajd f,dj nsysjQ fY@aIaG ia:dkhla orkakd jQ ksrAudK usksia j.!hdf.a hym; fjkqfjka nsysjQ ksrAudK fjz' tfia fkdjkakdjQ foa j,g meje;aula fkdue;' iajNdj OrAuhu thg tfrysj keZ.S isgshs' wm l:d lrkakdjQ iajNdj OrAuh jQ l,S ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh fkdfjz' kuq;a iajNdj OrAuh fyj;a iajNdjh jQ l,S ksrjfYaIfhkau ksrAudKYS,Sh' th tfia jkafka iajNdj OrAuh;`< .enzjk cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh ksidh' fuu cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjh lrK fldgf.ku iuia; cSjh fuz olajd fuu f,dj;`< fkdkeiS /ZoS mj;shs' tfia iajNdjOrAuh ;`< cSj ys;jdoS iajNdjhla ksrjfYaIfhkau fkd;snqkd kuz fuz wdldrfhka cSj m@cdj fuf,dj wLKavj fuz olajd mj;skafka ke;' cSj m@cdj fuz whqrska fuz f,dj mj;skafka Tjqkaf.a jdihg ys;lr foaY.`Ksl rgdj;a Tjqka tlsflld flfrys olajkakdjQ ys;j;anj fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` 43
  • 15. fldgf.kh' fu;a;d ixl,amh fuz ksidu cSj m@cdjf.a wLKav meje;au iqrCIs; lrkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhla f,ig fmkajd osh yelsh' fuz wLKav meje;au rZod mj;skafka usksid jsiska ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSka flfrys ie,ls,su;a jk muKgh' usksid ;ud muKla usys ;,fhys isgskd tlu cSjshd fldg is;hso ta ;dla l,a ffcj f,dalfhys fiiq cSjSkaf.a meje;aug usksidf.ka t,a, jkafka ;rAckhlauh' fuz ;;ajh usksid;`< yg.ekSug oevs wd;audrA:fhka uQ,djg m;a jSu fya;`fjz' ;ud jgd oevsfldg we;s wd;audrA:fha oevs udkisl mjqr nsZo oukafka kuz muKla tjsg usksidg h:drA:fhys iqjZo wd>@dKh l< yelsjkq we;' jsjsO wh fkdfhl`;a lreKq wrUhd jsgska jsg m<lrkq ,nk wrA:l:k fyda ;ukaf.a pska;k iSudjg muKla iSudjQ mgq ,dul foa h:drA:h fkdfjz' th uy;a mqZM,aj iudch jsIfhys wrA: iuzmkak m@Z{df.dapr mrudorAYhla jsh hq;`h' fuu m@Z{d f.dapr nj fyj;a m@{dfjys iSud udhsuz oelajSu is|= flfrkqfha ixcdkk ia:rh uZ.sks' ixcdkk w;aoelSuz ,nkakg ,nkakg fuu iSudfjys jmirsh o mqZM,a yd meyeos,s njg m;a fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh b;d fydZoska isf;ys jrAOkh jS we;s nj fuu jmirsh mqZM,a njg m;a jSug fya;`jls' tmuKla o fkdj jvd;a jsjD; udkislFjhlska hqla;j ;SrKhkag t<USug yd i;Hhg <Z.d jSug fuz uZ.ska yelshdj we;s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd nq|=oyu ( Metta Concept & Buddhism ) nq|= oyfuys fuz ms<snZo b;du;a jeo.;a jsYaf,aIKhla ld,du iQ;@fhys jsoHudk fjz' ld,du iQ;@fhys js.@y jkafka fuu jsjD; udkisl ugzguhs' wkqka lshk ksid (Report)" " mruzmrdkq.;j meusKs ksid (Trdition)" fufiajsh yelshhs wkqudk lsrSu ksid ( Prologue)" " iduzm@odhslj .@J:dkq.;j mej; wd nejska (Giving in the Scripture)" ;rAlhg tlZ. hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Logical Implication)" kHdhg tlZ.hehs jegyS.sh muKska (Nomological " Implication)" fuz lreK hym;ahehs ixl,amkh lsrSu ksid (Diversification of Thought)" " " l,ska ;SrKhfldg nei.;a ks.ukhkag yd oDIagSkag iudk ksid (Coincide the Aspects)" " wjjdo fokakd .`Kjf;l` nejska ( Potentiatity)" yd ;u .`rejrhdf.a lSula nejska (Consultations of Preceptor)" hk lreKq oyh ( 10 ) flaJ|@.; fldgf.k jsjD; udkislFjhlska f;drj wjspdr mQrAjl f,i l@shd lsrSu i;r n@yau jsyrKhka isf;ys jrAOkh fkdjSug fya;`jla f,i ld,du iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS ;sfnz'29 i;r n@yau jsyrKhkays fiiq jsyrKhka jk lreKd" uqos;d yd WfmaCId hk fiiq ufkda .;slhkag mdol jkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuu .`Kdx. i;r ksid ukfiys iDKd;aul wdl,am bj;ajS uki msrsis|= fjz'fndfyda oDIags.;sl wdjrKhkaf.ka uki ixjD; jSug iDKd;aul wdl,am bjy,afjz' jsjsO wOsldrS pska;k ;;aj udkisl jsjD;njg ndOd we;s lrkqfha oDIags.;sl iDKd;aul wdl,am ksidh'fuz ksid jsjD; udkislFjfhka flfkl` neyerg 44
  • 16. h;au fu;a;d ixl,amfhka o neyer jk nj fuz wkqj ks.ukh l< yel' by; ld,du iQ;@d.; jsjD; udkislFjh jkdyS iDcqju udkj ixcdkk lafIa;@hg iuznkaO jQjls' fuhska we.fjkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg.ekSug yd yg.;a fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh jSug kuz Bg irs,k mrsoafoka ilia lrk,o fyda ilia lr.kakd ,o ixcdkk lafIa;@hla udkjhd ;`< ;snsh hq;`u njhs' huz flfkl` ;`< jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ ixcdkk lafIa;@fhys m@udKhgu ta mqoa.,hd ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul jSfuys wjia:djla uska meyeos,sju fmkakquz lrhs' fjk;a iuh jdohkays fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; huz huz ixcdkk fCI;@hka ms<snZoj idlpzPdjk nj fmkqk o tajdfhys ixcdkk fCIa;@hkays mj;sk iSud iys; iajNdjh bosrsfha bka mqfrdal:s; fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .uzNSr;djh yd irAj iuzmQrAK Ndjh tl iudk hehs f.k yer mEug fkdyelsh' ld,du iQ;@fhys iZoyka oi jsO ixcdkk iSudjka ;`< tu wrA: l:k rduqq.; jS we;' tu ksid bka ksIamkak jk prAhd;aul mCIh o wksjdrAh rduq.; jSulg iSud jS ;sfnz' ksoiqkla f,i ls;`Kq iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jkakdjQ fm@auh hk ixl,amh ixcdkk iajNdjh w;ska nq|=iuh ;`< idrOrAuhla f,i bosrsm;a jk fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd iSus; rduqjl wrA:l:kh jk iajNdjhla .ekSu fmkajd osh yel' isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jSu ldhsl jYfhka prAhd oshqKqjla f,i ndysrska m@ldYhg meusfKk wdldrh ld,du iQ;@fhysu uekjska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' m@dK>d;h" fidrlu" mrodr fiajkh" uqidjdoh yd wkHhka by; olajk ,o jeros yeisrSuzj, kshqla; lrjSu Wfoid fm<UjSuz lsrSu hk lreKq mfika ( 5 ) je<lSu tu prAhd oshqKqj nj fmkajd oS we;'30 fuu prAhd oshqKqj we;s jkafka udkisl jYfhka ksrdhdifhkau tu jeros yeisrSuzj, we;s idjoH iajNdjh jgyd.ekSug tlS mqoa.,hdgu yelshdj ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`< wka;rA.; iuia; cSj j.!hd jsIfhys mj;akd jQ cSj ys;jdoS us;`re iajNdjh ksidh' prAhdjka ilia lsrSug wjYHjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@;scdkd;aul n,mEu ld,du iQ;@fhys olakg ,efnk mxpjsO m@;smodj uZ.ska uQrA;su;a flfrA'31 tys wjika wx.h f,i olajd ;sfnkafka fm<UjSuz kHdhhs' fm<UjSuz kHdhh jQ l,S idjoH yd ksrjoH hk fohdldrfhkau Ndjs;hg .efkhs' fu;a;d ixl,amhg m@;smCI ps;a; ixl,amhkaf.a wys;lr n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh idjoH whqrska Ndjs;hg tlajk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amfhys n,mEu ksid fm<UjSuz kHdhh ksrjoH wdldrfhka Ndjs;hg tla fjz'32 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd fn#oaO jskh ( Metta Concept & Buddhist Disciplinary ) 45
  • 17. fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku uZ.ska f,dalh ;`< ukqIH jrA.hdf.a meje;au iZoyd olajkakd jQ Wmfhda.s;djh ( Foundation of Cognition in Metta Concept for Utility of Human Living in the world ) ms<snZo lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ekSu fuysoS jeo.;ah' nq|=iuh ;`< fu;a;dj ms,snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuz oS th wksjdrAhfhkau n@yauprAhdfjz moku f,i wrA:l:h lsrSug yelsh' ixidr jsuqla;sh ,enSu tkuz ksrAjdKdjfndaOhg m;ajSu ;u cSjs;fhys tlu wfmalaIdj fldg.;a m@:u fndaOshg wh;a uq,a hq.fhys iuznq|= iiqkgjka NslaIQka fj;ska iuQyhhdf.a meje;aug wys;lr wrAnqo we;s fkdjsks'33 ta ksidu wuq;`fjka jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhla nq|= ysushkag we;s fkdjsks' tu hq.fhys mej;sfha NsCIqjlf.a iajNdjh ljrlaoehs ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuz jYfhka yd iiqkg msjsfik ieoeye;shkg iuznq|= iiqk hkq l`ulaoehs meyeos,s lroSuz jYfhka foaYkd lrk,o ishZM nq|=jrhka jykafia,du yqfola pdrs;@hla jYfhka Wfoik ,oaod jQ my; oelafjk wrA:j;a m@ldYkh muKs' " ish,q wl`i,ska |=re jSu" l`i,a lsrSu yd oshqKq lsrSu" ;udf.a is; mssrsis|= lsrSu hk fuz nq|=jrhkaf.a wkqYdikhhs'" fu;a;d ixl,amh l@udkQl~,j ixjrAOkhg m;a lr.ekSu uZ.ska ixcdkk yd prAhd lafIa;@ j, l@shdldrS;ajh Wiia njg m;alr.; yel' uska woyia jkqfha tu ldrAhh idrA:l lr.ekSu iZoyd nq|=jre jsiska msKsi bosrsm;a lrk ,o jev ms<sfj<hs' fuz ;`< m<uqj wkHhkayg ysxid mSvd is|= jk iajlSh ffoksl prAhdjkaf.ka yels;dla je<lSu;a ta ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh wjYHlrk ldhsl" jdpisl yd udkisl jgdmsgdjla ksrAudKh jSu;a is|= fjz' fujka iudc mrsirhla ;`< oS jvd;a myiqfjka fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;a i;kays jrAOkh msKsi fjr .kakd ;eke;a;dyg ;j |=rg;a lsis|= wdd.ka;`l ndOdjka rys;ju tu ixl,amh ixcdkk fjz' ixcdkkh jkakg jkakg ixcdkk fCI;@fhys uqZM uy;a jmirshu fu;a;d ixl,amfhka msrS b;srS hkakg fjz' fuu l@shdj<sh uqZM uy;a iudc iqrCIs;;djh flfrys Okd;aul n,mEula is|= lrkakd jQ ldrKla o fjz' "bjiSu fuz iiafkys mru ;mihs' nq|=jre mfia nq|=jre uy ry;ayq ksrAjdKh fl<jr fldg we;s wkqYdikdjla u flfr;a' wkHhkag ysxid mSvd lrkakd mejsoafola fyda Y@uKfhla fkdfjz' wkHhka fkdfm<d fkdrsojd lghq;` lsrSu Y@uK OrAuhhs'"34 bjiSu nq|= iiqfkys mru ;mi f,i oelajSu uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha YS, YslaIKh f.dvkeZ.S we;s mokuhs' tkuz wjsysxidj m@;smodjhs' wkqka ;udg fld;ruz ysxidldrS foa is|=l< ta flfrys WfmalaIlj bjik mqoa.,hd mru wjsysxidjdosfhls' tfukau wkHhka jsIfhys oevs ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhlska hqla;j lghq;` lrkafkls' ksrAjdKh olajd osfjk fn#oaO m@;smodj ;`< ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdjg yd ffu;@S pska;khg ,efnk iqjsYd, jeo.;alu fuhska fudkjg fy<s fmfy<s fjz' tmuKla o fkdj ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdfjka hqla;j lghq;` lsrSuu iajlSh wd.usl mQcH mCIfhys mru ldrAhh jYfhkao nq|= ysushka i,ld we;s nj fuhska fmfka' tf,i fkdlrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd Y@uKfhla fyda mejsoafola fkdjk nj oelajSu ;`< n@dyauK yd Y@uK iuzm@odh oajs;ajh w;`frka n@yauK iuzm@odh;`< wjsoHudk uq;a uqZM uy;a Y@uK iuzm@odh;`<u 46
  • 18. wka;rA.;j we;s iqjsfYaIS ,CIKh jk fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldgf.k iliaj we;s nj fu uZ.ska ksrEms;h' "wkHhkag wmjdo nsKqfuys yd wkHkaf.a jeros wvqmdvq fijqfuys ksr; fkdjSu o" m@d;sfudCI ixjrfhka hqla;j jsfjzl fikiqkays jsiqu o" fNdackfhys u;a;Z[aZC|=;djh o( wdcSj mdrsY`oaOs YS,h yd m@;H ikaksY@s; YS,h ) " isys kqjKska hqla;j fhoS jdih flreu o" wOsps;a;fhys tkuz f,#lsl yd f,daflda;a;r OHdk iudm;a;s ps;a;fhys jShH! flreu o" fuzjd ish,q nq|=jrekaf.a wkqYdikh fjz'" wkHkag fodaIdfrdamKh lrkafka yd wkHhkaf.a wvqmdvq fidhuska isgskafka is; oafjzIfhka hqla; jQ l,h' fuu oafjzIhg m@;smCI OrAu;djh kuz ffu;@shhs' tnejska ffu;@sh isf;a we;s ;eke;a;d lsis jsfgl tjka fohlg fhduq fkdfjz' tfiau wkHkag wmjdo keZ.Su yd wvqmdvq fijSu jkdyS ldhsl jdpisl jYfhka we;sjk prAhd ;;ajhkah' tfiau prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhkah' fuu prAhdfjz wmym;a ,CIKhka my< jSug fya;` jkqfha isf;ys ffu;@S ixl,amh fkdue;s jSuhs' fuu wvqmdvqj |=re lr,Sug yels fydZou l@shd udrA.h jkqfha yels;dla fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSuhs' tjsg ta ksid uqZm uy;a fpz;ksl mCIhu wkHhka flfrys ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amj,ska msrS b;srS hhs' tfiau fiiq prAhd ixialrKhka f,i oelajSug yels wdydrfhys lEor fkdjSu yd yels;dla w,afmapzP;djfhka hqla;j jdih lsrSu jeks mqre|= mqyqKq l< hq;` yeisrSuz rgdjka uZ.ska ;j |=rg;a iajlSh wd;au oukh f.dv kxjd .ekSug nq|=iuh uZ. fmkajkq ,nhs' fuz Tzjdo m@d;sfudlaI foaYkdfjys yrh jkafka wysxidjdoS cSjs;hhs' wjsysxidjdoSj cSj;ajSu ish,q nq|=jrekau miiakd ,o Y@uK OrAuh nj fuys ;yjqre lr ;sfnz' fuhska mejfikafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska udkj wdl,am ilia lrkakg .kakd ,o jEhul uQ,sl mokuhs' ish,q fydZo l@shd ish,q l`i, lu! mokuzj we;af;a fu;a;d pska;kh fmrgq lrf.k nejz fuz uZ.ska ;yjqre lrkq ,nhs' fuu wkqYdikh ish,q nq|=jrekagu irAjidOdrK wkqYdikhla nejs oelajSu uZ.ska fmkaajd oS ;sfnkafka il, jsO ffcj m@cdj flfrys fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldgf.k l@shdlsrSfuz n,j;a ffcj jsoHd;aul yd iudc jsoHd;aul wjYH;djh yd tu wjYH;djfhys .enzjk jsYajidOdrKFjhhs'35 fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkakd ;`< wjsysxidjdoS meje;aula ilia jk nj fuz uZ.ska lshfjz' fuz wjsysxidjdoS meje;au kuz fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu uZ.ska we;s jkakd jQ prAhdfjz fjkihs' YsCIdmo meKjSula fkdue;s uq,a hq.fhys ffk;sl jYfhka fkdj ksjeros ms<sfj;g ms<smka NsCIQka fj;ska m@lg jQ ksrjoH prAhdfjz iajrEmh oS> ksldfha iS,laLJO j.a.fha;a" ucACOsu ksldfha fndfyda iQ;@j,;a" pQ, iS, ucACOsu iS, yd uyd iS, jYfhka olakg ,efnz' fuu Ys, ms<sfj;a lsis|= wdldrhlska ffk;slj NsCIQka flfrys meKjS ;snqKq YsCIKhla fkdj ksrdhdifhkau ksis uZ.g ms<smka NsCIQka jsiska ms,smosk ,o huz wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla jYfhka f.kyer olajd ;sfnz' ta yeu jsglu thska wjOdrK lr ;sfnkqfha yqfola 47
  • 19. iuQyhd flfrys yd iuia; ffcj m@cdj flfrysu fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k wfkHdkH jYfhka iyfhda.fhka l@shd lsrSu msKsi fuu wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;sh bjy,ajk yd bjy,a fldgf.k we;s njhs' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,d ;`< mej;sfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu ksid ksirA.fhka u prAhdfjys we;sjk hym;a njhs' fuz iZoyd wuq;`fjka jskh jYfhka yeZoskafjk NsCIq m@;sudk moaO;shla yZ|=kajdoSfuys wjYH;djhla nq|=ka jykafiag we;s fkdjSh' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wNssm@dh jQfhao fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg.;a OrAuh ixcdkkh fldgf.k tuZ.ska ish prAhdj f,djg ys; msKsi ilia lr.ekSu jQ fyhsks' uq,a hq.fhys prAhdj ilia l< uQ,sl fuj,u njg fuz ksid m;a jQfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSuhs' tfy;a fuz ;;ajh l@ufhka fjkia fjuska jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuys wjYH;djh mekkeZ.Su;a iuZ.u ix>hdf.a hym; msKsi" ix>hdf.a myiqj msKsi" |=YaYS, mqoa.,hkag ks.@y msKsi" YsCIdlduS NsCIQkaf.a myiq jsyrKh msKsi" fuf,dj oS mej;sh yels wdY@jhka ixjrh msKsi" mrf,dj meje;aug uq,ajk wdY@jhka kid,Su msKsi" fkdmeye|=kjqkaf.a meyeoSu msKsi" ioaOrAufhys psr meje;au msKsi" YsCIKhg wkq.@yh msKsi hkdoS wfmaCId oyhla fmroers lrf.k Tzjdo md;sfudlaIh foaYkd lrk ,o nj uydj.a. md,sh wkqj fmfka'36 jskh YsCIdmo meKjSfuz wjYH;djhka ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS mjd meyeos,s jkqfha iuia; NsCIq msrsfiys iuZ.sh wdrCIdjSu m@OdkFjfhys ,d i,ld we;s njhs' iuZ.sh jkdyS fu;a;d ixl,amh uekjska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d ixjrAOkh jQ nj ndysrj m@lg lrkq ,nkakd jQ prAhd ,CIKh fjz' uq,a hq.fhys NsCIQka mrudrA: jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu uZ.skau wrA:j;a prAhd fjkilg ksrdhdifhkau nZ|=ka jkakd jQ msrsila jQ nejska tu hq.fhys NsCIQka jykafia,dg jskh kuska yeZoskafjk prAhd kS;s moaO;shla wd.ka;`lj meKjSfuys wjYH;djla nq|=r|=kayg we;s fkdjQ w;r mYapd;a ld,Sk NsCIQka jykafia,d wdl,amuh jYfhka uq,a hq.fhys jsiQ NsCIqka muKg ksrAjdKdNs,dIS kqjQ fyhska fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrjSu uZ.ska muKlau wjYH lrk prAhd fjki Wka jykafia,d ;`< we;s lrjSug wfmdfydi;a nejz oek Wkajykafia,dg ish NsCIq mrudra:h imqrd .ekSug Wjukd lrk ;rug fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jkakg ie,eiajSu Wfoid jskh kdufhka jq prAhd OrAu moaO;shla o meKjSug nq|=ka jykafiag is|=jsh' jskh meKjSfuz mrudrA:h o prAhd YsCIKh uZ.ska ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys wfmaCIs; wjidk ksIaGdj lrd jvd myiqfjka <Z.djSug wjldY ie,fik mrsos udkisl miq;,h fu;a;d ixl,amh weiqrska ilia lsrSuh' wdOHd;ausl jsuqla;sh wruqKq lr.;a m@j@cs; msrsi tlu wdpdr OrAu moaO;shlg tlZ.;djh m<lr l@shdlrSfuz oS iuQyhdf.a jeo.;alu uekjska m@lg fjhs' mqoa., l@shdjka iuQyhdg j.lsj hq;` hq;` mrsos is|=jk jsg iuQyhdf.a meje;au ksrjq,a fjz' fuys oS iuQyhdf.a iu.sh;a mdrsY`oOsh;a wrA:j;a jk mrsos l@shdlsrSu m@d;sfudlaI YsCIdjka fyj;a wdKd m@d;sfudlaIh meKjSfuz uQ,sl wfmaCIdj jS ;sfnz'37 ix>hd hkqfjka oelafjk iuQyhd w;r iduQysl pska;kh Tma kxfjk mrsos Tjqkaf.a pska;kh;a yeisrSuz rgdj;a ilia lr.ekSu fuys uQ,sl wNsm@dhhs' fuu wfmaCIdj uqZMukskau fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k f.dv kexjS ;sfnz' 48
  • 20. wfkHdkH iyfhda.h f.dvkexjSfuz oS Tjqka tlsfkld w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh mej;Su wksjdrAhh idOlhla jk nejsks' fuz woyi jvd;a ;yjqre jkafka ix> lu! meje;ajSfuz oS tys uQ,sl wjYH;djhla f,i OrAudkQl~,Ndjh;a" ix> msrsfia iu.sh;a wfmaCId lr we;s nejsks' fuu ix> lu! Wmiuzmod jskh lu!" lGskh mejrSu" mrsjdi udk;a wnzNdk jskh lu!" mgsidrKSh jskh lu!" ;cAckSh lu!" ksiaih lu!" mnzndckSh lu!" WlafLzmkSh lu! wdoS jYfhka iduQysl.; ix> cSjs;h mqrd iEu wjia:djloSu mdfya Ndjs;d lrkq ,nhs' fuh ix>hd jsiskau ix>hdf.a mrsmd,kh l@shd;aul lrjkakd jQ l@uhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldg f.ku fuu ix> lu! meje;ajSu fuys uQ,sl ,CIKhhs' iuZ.sh fu;a;d ixl,amh ix> msrsfiys mj;sk njg meyeos,s YdCIshls' msrsi w;r iuZ.sh ;yjqre lsrSu msKsi fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgq lrf.k mj;ajkakd jQ uQ,sl m@fNao i;rska hq;` ix> lu!hka f,i wOdrAusl jQ" msrsi fNao jk lu! uska woyia flfrhs' tjka jskh lu! fkd l< h;`h" fuz wOdrAusl iu.s lu!hhs' iuZ.shg ndOd ke;;a wOdrAusl nejska tajd o wkqu; fkd flfrA" fuz OdrAusl tfy;a msrsi fNao jk lu!hhs' msrsfia iuZ.sh ke;s lrk nejska o wkqu; fkd flfrA"fuz OdrAusl jQ iuZ.s lu!hhs' fuh wkqu;h' iiqkg iq|=iqh' hk j.! i;r nq|=ysushka jsiska jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz'38 fuu m@fNao i;rska OdrAuslnj yd iuZ.sh hk folu iys; jQ muKla u nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska fhda.H f,i wkqu; lr we;af;a OdrAusl nj yd iuZ.sh hk folu tl iudk f,i wka;rA.; jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh mokuz lr.kakd jsg oS muKla jk fyhsks' wkHhka flfrys iyfhda.Snj yd wkHkaf.a ys;iqj m;k nj keue;s OdrAusl wfmaCId my< jkqfha ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj Tiafia muKla nejsks' fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl fpz;kdj fkdue;s ;ek iuZ.sh fyda wkHhka flfrys ys;iqj m;k pska;khla we;s jkafka ke;' wdKd md;sfudlaLh jqjo" Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh jqjo fuz foflkau woyia flfrkqfha nq|=iufhka ksrAosYaG flrS we;s mru ksIaGdj jk ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSu iZoyd wjYH lrk ldhsl udkisl jgdmsgdjla f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuu ksrAjdKh YdlaId;a lr .ekSfuz l@shdj,sfhysoS tu l@ufjzoh wkq.ukh lrkakd lsishuz wdpdr jsoHd;aul YsCIKhlg wkq.;j ;u wej;`uz ilia lr.ekSula wfmaCId lrkq ,nhs' fuu wej;`uz mej;`uz lsishuz ksrAfoaYs; jsOsl@uhlg wkq.;j ilia lr.ekSu Ydik n@yau prAhdj f,i wrA: olajkq ,efnz'39 Ydik n@yau prAhdfjys uQ,sl w;a;sjdru f,i ms<s.ekS we;af;a OdrAusl jQ" iduQysl osjs fmfj; nj meyeos,s lreKls' fuu iduQysl osjs fmfj; ksid ish,q .egquz wrAnqo j,g uq,ajk ;rZ.ldrS cSjk rgdfjka fuu iiqka uZ.g ms<smka mqoa.,hdj uqojd Tyq ;`< iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKhla f.dvkeZ.Sug wjYHlrk miqnsu ilia lrfokq ,nhs' OdrAuslFjh;a" iykYS,S udkisl jd;djrKh;a mqo.,hd ;`< cks; lrkq ,nkafka ;u ix> iudch ;`< fjfik wksl`;a idudcslhka ms<snZo ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhkah' NsCIq osjs fmfjf;ys uQ,sldx. fu;a;d ixl,amh mdollr f.k ilia jS ;sfnz' wdKd md;sfudlaLh uZ.ska fuu ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka jv jvd;a jHdma; jSug iq|=iq jkakd jQ wdpdr jsoHd;aul iuzuq;shla yZ|=kajd fokq ,nk w;r Tzjdo md;sfudlaLh ;ud ;`< fkdue;s ffu;@S mQrAjl wdl,amhka we;s lr.ekSug 49
  • 21. iq|=iq ldhsl yd jdpisl mrsirhla ksrAudKh lrfokq ,nhs' fuz wkqj Ydik n@yauprAhfha oS 40 b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd udkj wdl,amhla f,i wmg fu;a;d ixl,amh yZ|=kajd osh yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ouzumoh ( Metta Concept & Dhammapada ) Ouzumofhka ms<snsUq jk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jsjsO iajrEmhka ms<snZoj lreKq jgyd .ekSug wjldY ie,fia' Lqoaol ksldhg wh;a Ouzumofhys fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj b;d mqZM,a jsjrKhka oel.; yel' hul j.a.fhys ffjr fkdlsrSfuz wkqiia oelafjk my; iZoyka .d:dj uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh jHma; lr;a lr;au tys wka;rA.; udkj ys;jdoS .`Kh uZ.ska wkHhkaf.a is;a ksjS iekiSug m;a jk wdldrhhs' ffjr lrkakdg ffjr fkdlsrSfuka u ffjrhka ixisZoSug m;a fjz' fuh yeuod f,dj mj;akd jQ OrAu;djhls' fuuZ.ska fy,s fmfy<s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s Wmfhda.s;d .`Khhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid is;g wkdosu;a ld,hla uqZM,af,a ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkays n,mEu l@u l@ufhka bj;a jS hEu;a tu bj;a jSu fya;`fldg f.k isf;ys m@Ndiajrh wjqrdf.k isgs kSjrK OrAuhkaf.a myj hdu;a kSjrK OrAuhka myjSu ksid;a laf,aYhkaf.ka fkdls,sgs jQ m@Ndiajr is; ixZoSug m;a jk wdldrh;a by; uekjska olajd ;sfnz' huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys ixcdkkh jS ;snqKq huz huz fodaI iy.; ixcdkk ixl,amhka bj;a lsrSug hdug m@:u ;uka iajlSh isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh 41 ixcdkkh uZ.ska frdamKh fldgf.k issgsh hq;` nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nhs' uefrk nj fkdokafkda l,y lr;s' uefrk nj okakjqkaf.a l,yh ikaisfZo;s' fuys iZoyka uefrk iajNdjh kuz wks;H iajNdjhhs' fyj;a CIKsl urKhhs' fuz cSj;ajk fia fmfkk wm fudfyd;la fudfyd;la mdid urKhg m;a jk nj ie,lSu uZ.ska wkqka yd ;uka fjka lrf.k wkHhka flfia cSj;ajqj;a ;uka muKla iqjfia cSj;ajSug is;k oevs wd;audrA:lduS fpz;kdj |=re lr yerSu fuhska woyia jS ;sfnz' ;ukaf.a cSjs;h mjd wksh; iajNdjfha mj;soaoS wkHhka wruqKq fldg oafjzIh my< fkdfjz' oafjzIh we;s jkqfha ish cSjs;fhys h:d iajNdjh wdjrKh fldgf.k ne,Sug yd oelSug mqre|= mqyqKq jSu ksidh' wks;H nj is;;a is;;au l@u l@ufhka isf;ys we;a;d jQ oafjzIh myj hhs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSug b;du myiqu l@uh ish cSjs;fhys wks;H iajNdjh ksrka;rfhkau mqre|= 42 mqyqKq lsrSuhs' 50
  • 22. neKSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz hk ldhsl yd jdpisl fodaIhka ixcdkkh jSu;a" tlS ixcdkkh prAhdjg mjd n,mEuz lrk ;;ajhl mej;Su;a ksid ffjrh fkdikaisfZoa' is; ;`< fodaI iy.; ixl,amhka ixcdkkh jS we;s l, tu fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a fufyhjSu ksid ldhsl jYfhka yd jdpisl jYfhka fkdfhla wlghq;`luz mqoa.,fhl` fj;ska is|= fjz' kuq;a tu wlghq;`luz tu mqoa.,hdf.a ksirA. iajNdjh fkdfjz' iEu mqoa.,fhl`f.au ksirA. iajNdjh kuz hym; njhs' tu ksirA. jQ hym;a iajNdjh wjqrd oukqfha wd.ka;`lj is;g ixcdkkh jk fodaI iy.; ixl,amhhs' fuu iajNdjh wjfndaO lr fkd.ekSu ;j ;j;a fodaI iy.; ixl,amhkaf.a ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla jk w;r th ukdj oek yeZosk 43 wjfndaO lr .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkkhg fya;` idOlhla fjz' fkdfhl`;a wdldrfha ldhsl yd jdpisl ysxidjka ms<snZo we;slr .kakd ,o fldamh isf;ys fkd neZoS l, is; b;du;a blaukska ixisfZoa' fuhska isf;ys ixcdkk l@shdj<sfhys ;j;a tla me;slvla jsia;r flfrhs' is;a fkdikaiqka njg m;a lrjSug m@Odk jYfhka fya;` jkqfha isf;ys we;s fldamh nj fuhska fmkajd fokq ,nk w;r tu fldamh fkdue;af;a jS kuz fyj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrk ,oafoa jS kuz ta fya;`j ksid is; jvd;a myiqfjka ixisZoSug m;a jk nj fmkajd foa' fjk;a wfhl` jsiska lrk ,o prAhd jeros tkuz nekSuz myroSuz oskSuz meyer .ekSuz jeks ldhsl yd jdpisl wvqmdvqluz fya;`fldg f.k tuZ.ska iajlSh ps;a; ika;dkh wmjs;@ jSug fya;`jk oafjzI ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug bv m@ia;jla fkd;nd ta mqoa.,hd foi jqj o yq|= wkqluzmdfjka n,kakg ;ruz fu;a;d ixl,amh is;fys fydZoska yqre mqre|= lrf.k isgsk ;eke;a;dg ta fya;`j ksid jvd;a fydZoska ish is; ixisZofjk nj fuhska meyeos,s fldg fmkajd os we;'44 wkqkaf.a rZM mrZM nia l< fkdl< foa .ek fufkys fkd fldg ish lghq;` muKla i,ld ne,sh hq;`h' wkHkaf.a oafjzI ixl,am ixcdkkh fya;`fjka yg .;a;d jQ prAhd wvqmdvq jk jdpisl yd ldhsl jeros flfrys mjd WfmaCId iy.; is;ska i,ld ne,sh yels muKg ish is;a i;kays fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh ;`<ska we;slr th ukdj /l hq;` nj fuhska m@ldYs;h' tu l@shdudrA.hg flfkl` m<uqfldgu wj;SrAK jSug kuz ;uka ;`< yg .kakd jQ prAhjka yslaujd .; hq;` w;r tf,i yslujd .;af;l`yg wk;`rej udkisl wxYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K l< yelsh'45 if;di jefvk fohla lsrSu iem;g fya;`jk nejska b;d hym;a jkafkah' if;di hkq i;`ghs' i;`g we;s jkafka wkHhka jsIfhys ys;j;a iajNdjh we;s lr .eksu uZ.sks' fuysoS ;udf.a i;`g fukau wkHhkaf.a i;`g o jeo.;a fia i,ld we;' yqfola ;ukaf.a i;`g muKla i,lk mqoa.,hd ,nkqfha kshu i;`g fkjk nj nq|=iuh ;`< meyeos,s lroS we;' i;`gla kshu i;`gla jSug kuz th wkHhkaf.a is; iqj msKsi fya;`jsh hq;` nj fuys oS jeo.;a 51
  • 23. f,i wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq fldgf.k ldhsl yd jdpisl jYfhka wkHkaf.a hym; fjkq fjka lghq;` lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ksrjoH i;`g ,nk udrA.h fy<s fmfy<s lr .kshs' tfukau ta fya;`j ksidu u;`jg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSug wjldYh o i,id .kafkl` njg m;a fjz'46 rd.fhka fkdf;;a jQ lsmSfuka oevs fkdjQ is;a we;s mska mjz |=r,Q fudaCIhg m;a jQ mqoa.,hdg ( ry;kajykafiag ) flf,ia nsh ke;' fuysoS rd.h f;;a iajNdjhla f,i i,ld we;af;a ta fya;`j ksid is; kshudldrfhka lrAuKH jSug ndOd we;s lrjk nejsks' huzlsis fohla f;;a iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsg th l@shd;aul jSug ndOd we;s lrjhs' tfiau wOsl jsh<s fyda oevs iajNdjfhka mj;sk jsgo l@shd;aul fkdfjz' oevs nj fuysoS olajd we;af;a lsmSu jYfhks' fujeks ;;ajhka we;s jkqfha rd. yd oafjzI ksid nj meyeos,sh' tu ixfpzz;kd folu yg.kqfha uki ,nkakd jQ wruqK jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksidh' wruqfKys h:d iajNdjh oelsug kuz tf,i oelSug ;ruz fudark ,o kqjKlska wruqKq foi ne,sh hq;` fjz' hful` ;`< tnZ|+ kqjKla my< fjkafka wrAy;a udrA. M,hg ta mqoa.,hd m;a jSu ;`<skau muKs' oekqu W.;alu ;`<ska ,nk Z{dKh ;djld,sl wia:sr jQjls' tfiau th m@;HCI wjfndaOhla o fkdfjz' ;uka leu;s wruqK ms<snZo we,au yg .ekSu ksid rd.h o wlue;s wruqK ms<snZo fkdukdmh ksid oafjzIh o my< lr.kshs' huzl,l oafjzIh fkdfjz kuz tl, rd.h o fkdue;' rd.h yd oafjzIh tla;rd wdldrhl wka; folls' tfiau tajd tlu ldisfhys fome;a; nZ|=h' fu;a;d ixl,amh wkqj ish ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh we;s lr.kakd jQ mqoa.,hd prAhd jYfhka ,nk YsCIKh Ndjs; lruska ;j |=rg;a ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ixjrh n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ;j |=rg;a udkisl wxYfhka ,nk by<u ;;ajh wrAy;aM,h jYfhka oelajsh yelsh'47 oeuqKq bZ|=rka we;s myl<d jQ udkh we;s flf<ia rys; jQ uOHia: mej;`uz we;s WfmaCId iy.; mqoa.,hkaf.a ( ry;kajykafiaf.a ) orAYkh fojsjre mjd m@drA:kh lr;s' ;ukaf.a prAhd rgdjka ;ukag md,kh lr.; yels ugzgul mej;Su oeuqKq nj kuz fjz' tfia md,kh lr.ekSu ;ukaf.a fukau wkHkaf.a o is; iqj msKsi mj;shs' fuf,i l@shd lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ta wdldrfhka ls@hd lrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amfhys fufyhjSu fya;`fjks' wkHhka o ;uka yd iudkj i,ld n,d l@shd lrk mqoa.,hd ;`< ish,a,kaf.au hym; ie,eiajSu msKsi we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amhhs'48 fu;a; iQ;@h ( lrKSh fu;a; iq;a; ) jkdyS ish OHdk Ndjkdjg ndOd l<d jQ fojsjrekg jodrk f,i kshu fldg ieje;a kqjr wi, jk fmfoil jsorAYkd Ndjkd lu!ia:dk jevQ mkaiShhla NsCIQka jykafia,d msrsilg foaYkd l< iQ;@ foaYkdjls' my; oelafjk fuz msrs;a iQ;@h nq|=r|=ka fj;ska Wf.k osjd rd;@S icACOdhkd fldg ta fojs msrsif.a us;`re is; o ,nd ish lu!ia:dkhka iu!mQrAK fldg f.k wrAy;ajhg m;ajQy'49 52
  • 24. lrKSh fu;a;d iQq;@fhys uq,skau iZoyka jkqfha fuu msrs; ks;s ms<smeo icACOdhkd fldg ,nd.; yels wdksixYh ms<snZojh' m@Odk jYfhka ;ukaf.a ldhsl yd udkisl iqjh;a w;sfrAl jYfhka wukqIH nsh |=re lsrSu;a fuhska is|= jk nj fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fujeks .`Khka is;d th osjd rd;@S Ndjs;d lsrSu ;`<ska mqoa.,hdf.a is; msrsis|= jS kmqre nsh ckl isysk fmkSu |=re lr iqj kskaola ,nd .; yelsh'50 luzue,s ke;s lSlre wjxl uD|= ksy;udks ldreKsl mqoa.,fhl` jSu ksrAjdKh ,en .ekSfuys jSrAh jvkakd i;`j ;snsh hq;`jQ m@Odku ,CIKhhs'51 ksrka;rfhka i;`gq is;ska hq;`j ld,h f.jk wkHhkayg nrla fkdjk m@ikak fmkqula iys; Z{dKjka; msrsfiys fkdwe,qKq udk rys; jQ ieye,a,q .;s mej;`uz we;s mqoa.,fhl` o fjz'52 m@Z{djka;hska jsiska fodia jYfhka i,lk foa j,ska je<l`Kq mqoa.,fhl` fjz'53 ish,q iFjfhda nsh rys; nfjka hqla; j iqjm;a jQ is;ska ld,h .; lrkq ,efnzjd'54 iEu ;eklu jdih lrk tla YrSr m@udKj,ska hqla; jQ flf,ia we;s yd ke;s cSjSka ish,a,u55 fmfkk fkdfmfkk <Z. yd |=r jik bmoSug wdikakj isgsk ish,q cSjSka ks|=la fjzjd'56mqoa.,fhl` jsiska ;j;a mqoa.,fhl`yg jxpdjka wjuka |=la mSvd we;s fkdflfrAjd'57 uj 58 ish tlu mq;` rlakdla fuka ish,q iFjhska fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrkak' ;uka o wkHhka o hk ish,q wdldrfha iSudjka |=relruska wkHhkayg o ;ukag mrsoafoka fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; l< hq;`h'59 iEu brshjzjloSu fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoju isysfhka isgskak' nU jsyrKh hkq fujeks msrsis|= mej;`uls'60 lsisod oDIags.;slfhla fkdjS iS,fhka yd hym;a oelafuka hqla;j ldu ixZ{dfjys ksrAfjzohg meusK fuf,dj fkdWmoskafkah'61 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd i;r n@yau jsyrK ( Metta Cocept & Four Nobile Life ) n@yau jsydrhla f,i o fu;a;d ixl,amfhys w.h nq|=iuh ;`< m@Ndjs;h' nq|=rcdKkajykafia wh;a jkafkao Y@uK iuzm@odhghs. nq|=rcdKkajykafia bosrsm;a l< fu;a;d ixl,amh fuf;la tu m@ia;`;h ms<snZoj bosrsm;alrkq ,enqjd jQ w;sYh mqZM,au yd wx.iuzmQrAK u wd.usl yd odrAYksl ixl,amh f,i oelajsh yel' fuz wkqj nq|=rcdKkajykafia fu;a;d ixl,amh isjq nU jsyrKj,g wka;rA.; fldg b;d mqZM,a wrA:fhka hqla;j foaYkd l<y. isjq nU jsyrKj,g wh;a b.ekajSuzjkqfha fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d yd WfmalaLd hk ixl,am i;rhs' fuys fu;a;d hkafkka woyiajkqfha ffu;@shhs' us;@Fjhhs ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ys; iqj ie,iSfuz we;s jk leue;a;hs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ffjrhg yd fl@daOhg m@;sjsreoaO iajNdfhka ixcdkkh flfrkakd jQ ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid is; ksjSug yd iekiSug m;ajk nj oyfuys iZoyka fjz' fuys iZoyka iafkayh kuz is; uD|= yd lu!KH iajNdjh muqKqjk ,sys,a njhs' fuu ,sys,a nj ufkda ldhsl ikaiqka iqjodhs njla ckkh jk wdldrfhka is;g m@S;suh fuda|=jSuhs' il,jsO ffcj m@cdj jsIfhys yg.kakd rECI 53
  • 25. iajNdjh |=re lrkqfha thg m@;smCI ixcdkkh jk uD|= iy.; ,sys,a nj kuz iafkayh njhs' fuys iafkayh kuz yqfola is;g wd;;sh we;s lrjk ;DIaKdj fkdfjz' ;DIaKdj yg.kajkafka ksis wdldrfhka wruqK .@yKh lr.ekSug wiu;ajSu fya;`fjka tlS wruqKqfKys h:d iajNdjh fkdyeZosk yqfola fjhsos; mCIfhka muKla thg weZMuz lrkakg hdu ksid ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS ;;ajhla Wodfjz' fudayh f,i yeZoskafjkafka ixl,am ixcdkkh flfrys ndOdldrS f,i l@shd;aul lrkq ,nk iajlSh pska;k iajNdjhhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ksishdldrfhka ixcdkkh fkdjSu fuday mQj!dx.u jSu kuska yeZoskafjz' fudaymQj!x.u ps;a; ixl,amhka ixcdkk jkqfha f,daN iajrEmfhks' fuys kshu iajNdjh jsoHudk flfrkqfha m@Z{dj uQ,sl fldgf.k wkHhka wruqKq lr f.k my<jk jsgh' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS woafjzI iajrEmfhka ksrEms; yd tfukau wf,daN iuzm@hqla; ps;a; ixl,amhls' fu;a;d ixl,amh us;@Fjh jYfhka f.k o ie,lsh yelsh' uska us;@ nj yd us;@ .`Kh i,ld we;' ffu;@sfhys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys ys;j;a ,CIKfhka hqla;j meje;auh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh kuz i;aFjhka flfrys ys;iqj m@drA:kd lsrSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh kuz ffjr ixl,amhka is;ska |=re lsrSuh' mogzGdkh f,dj jikakd jQ ishZM wdldrfha ffcj jrA.hd jsIfhys leu;s iajrEmh oelajSuh' iuzm;a;sh jHdmdo ixisZojSu jk w;r jsm;a;sh fuday iajrEmfhka jQ iafkay bmsojSuhs' fuday iajrEmfhka fkdjQ iafkayh fodaIfhka f;drh' fu;a;d ixl,amh iuZ.u Ndjs;d jk wfkla ixl,amh lreKdjhs' lreKdj jsia;r flfrkqfha i;a mqreIhska jsiska wkHhkaf.a |=l oel tu |=l ;ud m;a |=lla f,i i,ld bka ish yoj; wkHhkag msysg jSfuz fpz;kdfjka mqrjd .ekSfuz fp;kdj fyj;a ixl,amh f,ihs' wkHhkaf.a |=flys is;a thska luzmdjg m;a jkafka o lreKdj ksiduh' fuys iZoyka jk luzmkh kuz wkHhkaf.a |=lanr iajNdjh wruqKq fldg is;ays my< lr.kakd ixfjzoSFjhhs' fuu ldreksl iajNdjh mqoa., fNaoh wkqj mqZM,a iajNdjhla .kshs' OHdk ugzgfuzoS iEu mqoa.,fhl`u ish is;a i;kays we;s lr.;a;d jQ uQ,sl lreKd ixl,amh me;srjSu jYfhka mqZM,a l< hq;`h' lreKdj |=laLs;hka flfrys me;srjSuz jYfhka jHdma; l<hq;` nj o iZoyka fjz'62 lreKd hk ps;a; ixl,amh ;j;a fndfyda wdldrhlska o oelajsh yelsh' idudkH mqoa.,fhl` ;`< we;s jkakd jQ lreKdjg jvd fndaOs iuzNdrhka mQrKh lrkq ,nkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia kul ;`< yg .kakd lreKdj uy;ah' fndaOsiFjjrfhl` ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdjg jvd iuzud iuznq|=jrhdKka jykafiakul ;`< we;a;d jQ lreKdfjz iajrEmh w;s uy;ah' th uyd lreKd hkqfjka oelafjkafka tfyhsks' lreKd hkafkka woyia jkqfha |=%Ls; iFjhka |=gqjsg Tjqka flfrA my<jk yDo luzmkh nj by; iZoyka idudkH jsia;rh wkqj meyeos,s fjz' Tjqka tu |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka huzlsis i;amqreIfhl`f.a is;ays |=lg m;a f,dal iFjhd wruqKqfldg my<jk lreKdju tys mrsmQrAK wjia:dj f,i ie,fla' iuzud iuznq|=rcdKkajykafia,d ;`< my<jk lreKdfjz tu mrsmQrAKdjia:dj uyd 54
  • 26. lreKd iudm;a;s Z[dKh jYfhka yeZoskafjz' tu ksid nq|=jre yeZoskajSu iZoyd mrAhdh jpkhla f,i lreKdj hk mohu fhdod uyd ldreKslhka jykafia,d hk fh|=u Ndjs;d lrkq ,efnz. lreKdfjys ,CIKh |=laLs; iFjhkaf.a |=la |=re lrk wdldrfhka meje;auhs' fufia is;Suz ud;@ jYfhka ishZM f,dal jdiS iFjhkaf.a ishZM |=la |=re jqjo fkdjqj o th fuu ixl,am ixcdkkhg ndOdldrS fkdfjz' m@Odk jYfhka wm fuys oS wruqKq lr.kakd tys rih kuska yeZoskafjk lreK kuz furud |=la fkd bjiSuh' tys mpzpqmgzGdkh f,i oelafjkafka wjsysxidjh' tfukau tys mogzGdkh |=lska fmZMKjqkaf.a wirK nj oelauhs' ta fya;`j ksidu wirKhka |=lska uqojkq leu;sjSuz jYfhka ps;a; ixl,amhka yg.kshs' lreKd ixl,amfhys iuzm;a;sh jYfhka oelafjkqfha jsysxid ixisZojSuhs' lreKd ixl,amh ixcdkkh flf,ilj;a jsm;a we;s fkdlrjhs' fudayuQ,sl jYfhka wruqKq jrojd jgyd .ekSu ksid bka we;s jk jsm;a;s jYfhka lreKdjg wruKq jQ |=laLs; iFjhka iqjm;a lsrSuz jYfhka Tjqkayg m@udKhg jvd weZMuz lsrSu wka;rdhldrS jkafka huz fyhlska fuu ixcdkkh fuday uQ,sl jqjfyd;a bka bmfok fifkyi ksid we,Suz neZoSuz yg .ekajSfuz bvlv myiqfjka we;sjk ksidh' funZ|= fifkyila we;s ;eke;a;d;`< wkHhka ksid weZMuzlr jQ iskd yg.ekSu we,Suz neZoSuz we;s jQ njg ,l`Kla jYfhka fmkajd oS ;sfnz'63 uqos;dfjys iajNdjh iajNdjh i;`gg m;ajSuhs' huzlsis wruqKla ms<snZoj is;g we;sjkakd jQ i;`g fudaokh hkqfjka yeZoskafjz' wkqkaf.a iemiuzm;a yd hi biqre ms<snZoj ixcdkkh fldg bka i;`gg m;ajSu uqos;dj kuska yeZoskafjz' uqos;dj we;sjSug BrAIHdj kuska yeZoskafjk iDKd;aul wdl,am is;ska |=rejsh hq;`h' ixcdkk fCIa;@fhys ,d bgq lrkq ,nkakd jQ ldrAhh wruqKq fldg th lrK ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" tu ixl,amh tu bgq lrkq ,nk ldrAhhg wOsm;s jYfhka i,ld l;!D ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda" ta folskau jHx.drA:j;a jk Ndjuh iajNdjh i,ld Ndj ldrl ldrAhfhys wrA: oelafjk f,i fyda uqos;dj jsia;r lsrSug yelsh' uqos;dj iqLs; iFjhka wruqKqfldg isf;ys my<fjhs' fuh BrAIHdjg m@;smCI OrAuhhs' idrOrAu ixl,amhla jYfhka .;al< fuys fndfyda fldgu olakg ,efnkakdjQ idrOrAu ixl,amhkays me;slv kuz wdfjzok me;slvhs' fuu wdfjzokh m@fudaokh is; by<g bmsf<k iajNdjh wruqKq fldg mj;shs' fuhg wruqK f,i .kakd iqLs; iFj wruqKo isf;ys m@fudao iajNdjh ;Sj@r lrjkakg Wmldrj;a jkakls' uqos;dfjys ,CIKh m@fudaoh fyj;a wkHhkaf.a iem iuzm;a wruqKqfldg i;`gqjSuh' rih BrAIHdfjka je<lSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh kuz mr iuzm;a wOsl`Y,OrAu" fjfyr jsydr hk fuys fkdwef,k iajNdjh ke;s lsrSuh' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjhkaf.a iuzm;a;s oelauh' iuzm;a;sh fkdwe,au ixisZojd,Suh' jsm;a;sh neZoSuz jYfhka yg.kakd isf;ys i;`g we;sjSuhs' WfmalaLd hkak wffjr fj;ajd hkdoS jHdmdo |=re lsrSfuka o" uOHia:Ndjhg meusKSfuka o w;am;a lr.; yelsh'64 WfmaCId hkafkka woyiajkqfha iFjhka jsiska jsZoskq ,nk 55
  • 27. |=laiem ish,a,lau Tjqkaf.a lu!dkqrEmj meusfKk nj ie,lSfuka lu!h ;u;uka wh;a fldg we;s nj fufkys lsrSfuka isf;ys we;slr.kakdjQ uOHia:;djhhs' fyj;a ueoy;a Ndjhhs' WfmaCIdj uZ.ska ueoy;a wdfjzokhka weiqre fldg isf;ys we;sjkakd jQ ps;a; .;s iajNdjhka o fndfyda fldg u ikaisZ|=kq iajNdjhka fmkajhs' tfukau wdfjzok me;slfvys jshqla;;d .`Kh o we;' jshqla; nj hkq ixhqla; njska fjka jSuhs' fyj;a ps;a; mdCIsl nj wOsl fldg we;' i;r n@yau jsyrKu jshqla; idrOrAu ixl,am jqj o fuu WfmaCId wdfjzokfhys jshqla;;d .`Kh fiiq wdfjzohkag jvd wOsl;rh' WfmaCIdfjys ,CIKh i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: wdldrfhka meje;auh' rih m@shd oS fNao we;s i;aFjhka flfrys iu;;ajfhka we;sjSuhs' Wmfhda.S;djh ;ry yg.ekSu ixisZojSuhs' ixcdkk me;slv kuz i;aFjfhda lu!h wkqju Wia my;a nj Wreu lr.;af;a hehs kqjKska ie,lSuhs' m@fhdackh kuz ;ry we;sjSu ixisZojSuh' jsm;a;sh neZoSu ksid yg.kakd jQ we,afuka cks; jQ wZ{dk jQ WfmaCIdj yg.ekSuhs' WfmaCId iy.; fudayh wZ{dfkdafmCId kuz fjz' i;r n@yau jsyrKhkag wh;a fuz ixl,am i;frys uQ,sl iudkluz yd tajdgu iqjsfYaIS jsjsO yev;, o olakg ,efnz. iudklu jkqfha fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` njhs' taksid jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys fuu ixl,am i;rg wmamuZ[aZ[d hehs jHjydr lrkq ,efnz.fuu ixl,am i;rg n@yaujsyrK hehs lshkq ,nkafka uyd n@yauhd <Z. fuz .`K we;ehs ie<flk nejsks. tnejska f,daljdiSyq Tyqg f.#rj lr;s. fu;a;d lreKd uqos;d WfmalaLd hk i;rska tla tla lreKska iuzmQrAKj jsiqfha kuz th n@yau jsyrKhg iudk jkafkah' th W;`uz jsyrKhla nejska n@yau jsydr hkqfjka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz. fu;a;d ixl,amh yd Ndjkdj ( Metta Cincept & Meditation ) jsoY!kd iqLh yd Nj iuzm;a;sh fuz i;r n@yaujsydrhka jrAOkh lsrSu ksid fmd|=fjz ysusjk jrm@idohhs' jHdmdofhka is; uqojd .ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjhs' lreKdfjys iqjsfYaIs iajNdjh jsysxidfjka usoSuhs' uqos;dfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh kuz wr;sh kuska yeZoskafjk fkdmej;Su ms,snZoj yg.efkk wdYdj is;ska bj;a lr .ekSuhs' WfmaCIdfjys iqjsfYaIS iajNdjh jkqfha fkdmeje;au uq,lr .;a rd.fhka ( tla;rd |=rlg fuys WpzfPAo iajrEmhla wka;rA.; fjz' ) bj;a jSuhs' 65 fuu ixl,am i;ru wm@udK iFjhka jsIfhys me;srjsh hq;` ksid;a ixl,am i;rgu mdol jkqfha ffu;@s iy.; fpz;kdj jk ksid;a fuz lreKq i<ld fuz ixl,am i;frysu flaJ|@Sh wdl,amh jkqfha fu;a iy.; fpz;kdj hehs fmd|= tlZ.Fjhlg meusKsh yel'tu ixl,am i;rg iqjsfYaIs jsjsO yev;, olakg we;s kuq|= fuu ixl,am ish,a,gu mdol 56
  • 28. jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ksid tu ixl,amh wdruzNlj jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdf.a uki fiiq ixl,amj,g ixcdkk wdOdrlhla imhhs' tu ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa., uki fiiq ixl,amhkao yg.ekSug iq|=iq ;;ajhg yev .iajkq ,nhs' fud<fhys ridhksl yd cSjjsoHd;aul l@shdj<sh ikaksfjzokhkag m@;scdkkd;aul Wmia:uzNkhka imhdfohs' i;r n@yau jsyrK w;`frka tla tla n@yau jsydrKhg wdikak i;`rdh" |=r i;`rd hehs i;`frda fofofkls'66 lsishuz mqoa.,fhl``yg wdikakfhys yeisfrk i;`rd fuka ffu;@S n@yau jsyrKhg rd.h wdikak i;`rdh' ffu;@sh yd rd.h .`K oelafuys ,d iudk nejsks' ta rd. i;`rd iaj,am jQo isys uQ,dfjlska ffu;@sh |=re fldg ta wruqK .kakg ksis nejska Tyqf.ka is; ukd fldg /l .; hq;`hs' rd. ixl,amfhys ndysr iajrEmh jk wruqfKys m@idoh yg.ekSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhyso olakg ;sfnz' rd. ixl,amh ksrAfjzoh lrd hk hful`f.a m@;smodfjys fjz.h ukao.duS lrk w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh tu .uk fjz.j;a lrhs' ksrdhdifhkau fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd rd. ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSfuz cSj jsoHd;aul iuzNdjs;djla usksid we;`ZM ish,qu cSjSka Wreu lrf.k isgshs' fuz fya;`j ksid ixcdkkuh jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh wruqKq lrkakd fuhska uy;a wmyiqjlg ,la fjz' jHdmdohg nshm;a fkdjS fu;a;d ixl,amh jv jvd;a ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrk w;r;`r tljsgl oS fl@daOh jrAOkh lrkafkah hk fuz fol lsis jsgl oS j;a tljsg is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk lsrSu ksid is; rZM lrk jHdmdo ixl,amh is;g fkdmsjsfia'67 prAhd jYfhka ndysrj m@ldY jk muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jS ;snSu fuysoS wfmaCIs; ksIaGdj fia ie,fla' lreKd n@yau jsyrKhg mSvd iys; foduzki wdikak i;`rdh' jsm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' jsysxidj |+r i;`rdh' lreKdj yd jsysxidj iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' ta fyhska jsysxidfhka nshg m;a fkdjS lreKd jevsh hq;`h' uqos;d n@yau jsyrKhg we,Suz iys; fiduzki wdikak i;`rdh' we,Suz iys; fiduzki hkq m@sh ukdm wruqKq ,en ta flfrys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,au yd fmr ,enqjd jQ m@sh ukdm wruqKq ms<snZoj jrA;udkfhys we;s lr.kakd ,o we,auhs' iuzm;a oelSuz jYfhka iudk nejsks' fkdwe,au |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska ta fkdwe,afuka nsh fkdjS uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' uqos;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh j;a j;au is; jv jvd;a m@uqos; jkafkah' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrhg jkdys we,Suz iys; wZ{dk WfmaCIdj wdikak i;`rdh' neZoSuz iys; we,afuka yg.kakd WfmaCId kuz lsishuz wruqKl h:d iajNdjh fkdoekSu ksid tu wruqK flfrys uq,dfjka ueoy;a nj we;s lr .ekSuhs'68 fodaI .`K wjsjdrK jYfhka iudk nejsks' rd.h yd ;ryj |=r i;`rdh' iajNdjfhka wiudk nejsks' tnejska rd.fhka yd ;ryfhkaa nshg m;a fkdjS WfmaCIdj jevsh hq;`h' WfmCIdj ixcdkkh lrkafkah' rd.h yd m@;s>h jrAOkh lrkafkah hkq lsis lf,l tla jsfgl is|= fkdjkakd jQ fohls' n@yau jsydr 57
  • 29. kdufhka ie,flk fulS i;r ixl,amhka ishZM ffcj j.!hd jsIfhysu we;s fmd|= w;Dma;slr ;;ajfhka fuz i;r n@yau jsydr i;aFjhka flfrys ysff;Is nj we;s PJoh Wmojhs' WfmaCId n@yau jsydrh o i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia: mej;`uz leu;sjSuz jYfhka mj;akd PJoh m@Odk fldg mj;shs' tys olakg we;af;a yqfola jsjD; iajNdjh yd jsreoaO fkdjSuz jYfhka mj;akd jQ PJoh fjz' fuz jQ l,S uOHia: jQ PJohhs' tuZ.ska laf,aY yd kSjrKdosh uev meje;ajSu uOHh f,i ie,lsh yelsh' wm!Kdj jQ l,S tys wjidk wjia:dj fjz' i;r n@yau jsyrK w;rska fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ;`k p;`Ial kHdhg wkql~,j ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdjfldg mj;S' mxp kHdhhg wkql~,j i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg mj;S' fuu fu;a;d" lreKd yd uqos;d hk ixl,amj, fidukiaih jsoHduk jk nejsks' fidaukiaih isf;ys fkdue;s jsg fidaukiaifhka Wmoskd jHdmdo" jsysxid" wr;Ska f.a ksiairKh we;sjk ksidh' ldudoSkag ksiairKh jQ fklaLuzudoSka fuka foduzkia iemsh hq;` jHdmdodoSkag ksiairKh jQ fu;a wdoSyq fiduzkia iy .shd fj;s hk wrA:hs' ksiairK .@yKfhkau mQrAj jQ fu;a;doSkaf.a WfmaCId iuzm@fhda.h o wkqZ{d;hhs o; hq;`h' tfyhskau we|=frda wgjsis isf;lays lreKd" uqos;djkaf.a m@jD;a;sh mikq ,efn;s' WfmaCId fjzokdj jkdyS wjfYaI tl OHdkhuh' l`ula fyhskao WfmaCIdj fjzokdj yd iuzm@hqla; fyhsks' ta tfiauh' i;aFjhka flfrys uOHia:dldrfhka mj;akd n@yau jsydfrdafmCIdj WfmaCId fjzokdj ke;sj fkd mj;afkah' nq|=rcdKka jykafia jsiska wx.`;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys oS OHdk i;r – i;r n@yau jsyrKfhys ,d idudkHfhka jodrK ,oafoah' tkuq;a i;r n@yau jsyrKu 69 i;rjeks – miajeks OHdk fkdfjzz' tfia kuz ldhdkqmiaikdosh o i;rjk miajk OHdk hehs lshkakg is|= fjz' fjzokdkqmiaikdosfhys m@:u OHdkh mjd fkdue;s ksid oajs;Sh OHdkdosh flfiaj;a fkd,efnz'70 tfyhska nqoaO jpkfhys jHxZ[ck Pdhd ud;@h muKla i,ld iuzud iuznq|=rcdKka jykafiayg wi;Hfhka fodaIdfrdamKh fkd l< hq;`h'71 nqoaO jpkh .eUqreh' wdpdhH! u;hka flaJ|@fldgf.k ;uka o jspdr mQrAjlj OrAu jskh yd iiZod n,d ksjeros hehs iEySug m;a jkafka kuz muKla ms<s.; hq;`h'72 fuz wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSu OHdk ugzgfuka .;a l, mxpu yd p;`Ial jYfhka fojoEreuz fjz' tfukau fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuzoS th ldhdkqmiaikd Ndjkdj mQrAj Ndjkdjla fldg bka wk;`rej is|= lrkakd jQ ia:dkhkaysoS th yeZoskafjkafka ps;a; iudOsh mQrAjx. lr.kakd ,o ldhdkqmiaikdj f,isks'73 tu fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lsrSfuz l@shdj<sh wrAy;ajh olajdu fhduq.; jS mj;shs' fuz ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkfhys mrsiudma;s wjia:dj ;`kajk OHdk wjia:dj yd i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd jHdma; jS mj;sk nj o;a hq;`h' fuhska Tnzfnys we;af;a i;rjk OHdk wjia:djhs' tu i;rjk OHdk wjia:djg m;ajSug kuz WfmaCId ixl,amh jrAOkh l< hq;`h' tfukau WfmaCId ixl,amh i;rjk OHdk wjia:dj olajd wjYH kuz flfkl`g m@.`K lsrSug o mqZMjk' wNsOrAu kHdh wkqjo fuys iudk njla oel.; yelsh' fu;a;d" lreKd" uqos;d hk ixl,amhka ;`k jrAOkh 58
  • 30. lsrSfuz l@shd mgsmdgsh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS ;`kajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o jsia;r lr ;sfnz' WfmaCId ixl,amh rEmdjpdr OHdk i;rla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS i;rjk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o rEmdjpr OHdk myla jYfhka oelafjk wjia:dj, oS miajk OHdkh ksIaGdj fldg o fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r ksldfha wgzGl ksmd;fhys jsYd, jsia;rhla olajd we;' fu;a;d ixl,amfhaoS us;@Fjh mokuzlr .ekSu;a lreKd ixl,amfhaoS wkqluzmdj mokuzlr .ekSu;a uqos;d ixl,amfhaoS m@fudaoh mokuzlr .ekSu;a WfmaCId ixl,amfhaoS uOHia:;dj mokuzlr .ekSu;a fuu ixl,am i;frys jsIh uQ,sl jsjsOFjh jYfhka oelajSug yel' tkuz tla tla wjia:djkaysZoS isf;a wdfjzok mCIfhys olakg ,efnkakdjQ jsjsO;d i<ldf.k ta wdfjzok ;;ajhkaf.a m@;scdkd;aul ixjrAOkh ie,fla'tysoS tuZ.ska we;sjk wNHka;r.; ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgfuz mrsmQrAKFjh i<ld tajd OHdk kdufhkao wrA: olajkq ,efnz' flfiajqj;a OHdk kuska oelafjk wNHka;r ps;a; ifudaOdk ugzgu olajd ps;a; ixjrAOkh we;slr .ekSug kuz ta iZoyd l@udkql~,j ixjrAOkh lr.; hq;` l`Y,;d moaO;shla olajd ;sfnz' fulS ps;a; ixjrAOkfha by<g .ukal< yelafla m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh fydZoska m@.`K lsrSu uZ.ska muKla nejs olajd ;snSu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys flaJ|@Sh jeo.;alu jvd fydZoska ;yjqre fjhs'74 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZoj wjOdkh fhduq lsrSu fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ;j;a wxYhla wOHhkh lsrSug jeo.;a wjia:djls' fuz hgf;a fu;a;d Ndjkdj flfia jsia;r lr ;sfnzoehs jgyd .ekSu jeo.;ah'75 fn#oaO Ndjkd l@uhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ jsjsO l@ufjzohka ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka lr we;'76 my; oelafjkafka fu;a;d Ndjkdj l< yels ;j;a wdldrhls' l`uk wdldrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d l<;a ;u ;ukaf.a prs;dkQl~,j yd wjia:dkQl~,j jevsh hq;` wdldrhka mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; jsjsO jk nejska ta iEu l@ufjzohlau tl yd iudkju jeo.;a jk nj mejish yelsh'77 OrAudkqidrfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wdksixY my; iZoyka mrsos fufkys l< hq;`h'78 fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol fldg we;s bjiSu mru ;mi kuska yeZoskafjz'79 tfiau fu;a;d ixl,amh n,ldrl OrAuhla jYfhka yd th n,weKshla mrsoafoka kej; kej; ish is;a i;kays m@.`K lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hdu n@dyauK kduh ,nhs'80 fu;a;d ixl,amhg jvd jevs Wiia .`Khla ke;' fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevSfuz oS m<uqj fu;a jevsh hq;` mqoa.,hd ljfrla o tfiau m<uqj fu;a jevSu wfhda.H mqoa.,hd ljfrla oehs mqoa., jsIu;djh yZ|=kd.; hq;` fjz' wm@sh" w;sm@sh iydh" uOHia: yd ffjrS hk i;r jeoEreuz mqoa.,hka fjk m<uqj fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' jsreoaO ,sx.slhka flfrys iSud iys; jYfhka yd u<jqka flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' tf,i fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrA: iuzmkak fkdjk nejska tfia fkdl< hq;` hehs meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz' 59
  • 31. ula ksid o h;a wm@sh mqoa.,hd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka is;g mSvd we;s fjz' w;s m@sh iydhlhd uOHia: ia:dkfhys ;nd .kakg hdfuka tfiau is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' Tyqg iaj,am |=lla meusKs l, mjd yZvkakg is|= fjz' uOHia: mqoa.,hd .re ;kays yd m@sh ;kays ;nd .kakg hdfuka o is; mSvdjg m;a fjz' ffjrS mqoa.,hd .ek isys fjkakd jQ jydu fl@daOh Wmoskafkah' tnejska m@sh wm@shd oS fulS i;r fokd flfrys m<uq fldg fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh fkdl< hq;`h' ia;@Skag mqreIhka yd mqreIhkag ia;@Ska jsreoaO ,sx.slhka nejska Tjqka flfrys isud jYfhka wij,a ;eke;a;dg fyda wij,a ;eke;a;shg fu;a is; m;`rjushs fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrkakg hdfuka fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdj rd.h jrAOkh jkafkah' tfiau u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; me;srjSfuka wm!Kd – Wmpdr hk OHdkuh ;;ajhka ,o fkdyelsh' ta ksid u<jqka wruqKq lr fu;a fkdjevsh hq;`h' fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkakd jsiska m<uq fldg u fu;a;d ixl,amh jevsh hq;` jkafka ;uka wruqKq lrf.kh' uu iqjm;a fjuzjd" uu ks|=la fjuzjd hkqfjka fyda uu ffjr ke;af;la fjuzjd" jHdmdo ke;af;la fjuzjd" Wm|@j ke;af;la fjuzjd iqjfia wd;auNdjh mrsyrKh lrkafkla fjuzjd lshd fyda h<s h<s;a ;uka flfrys u fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh l< hq;`h' jsNx. m@lrKfhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` jkafka tla mqoa.,fhl`yg fu;a;d ixl,amh jHdma; lrk wdldrhgu ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys o fu;a;d ixl,amh iudk wdldrfhka jHdma; l< hq;` nj olajd we;'81 tfiau mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;af;a mqoa., fjzu;a;;djh u; mokuzj mia wdldrhlska nj meyeos,s lr oS we;'82 by; jsNx.fhys yd mgsiuzNsod u.a.fhys m<uqj ;ukag fu;a fkdjvd ish,q fokdgu fu;a jevsh hq;` nj olajd ;sfnz' m<uqj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajk ,oafoa m<uqj ;ukag fu;a jevsh hq;` njhs' fuu m@ldY fol mriamr jsfrdaOS fkdfjz' fuu .@J: foflys ffu;@S Ndjkdj jevsh hq;` ms<sfj< olajd we;af;a wm!Kd jYfhks' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys m<uqfjka u ;ukag ffu;@S jevsh hq;` hehs olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uqj ;ud YdCIs fldg wkHhkag fu;a jevSu bf.kSu msKsih' wdoslu!uslhd o i,ld f.kh' fuys iZoyka wdoslu!uslhd kuz m<uqfldg fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lrkq ,nkakd jQ mqoa.,hdh' wjqre|= ishhla oyila kuq|= ;ud flfrys muKlau ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,fh;`g flosklj;a OHdk wm!Kd Wmojd .; fkdyelsh' jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoykajk mrsoafoka uu huzfia |=lg fkdleue;af;us o iqjfia cSj;afjkq leue;af;uz o wkHhka o ud fiau |=lg fkdleue;af;ysh' iqjfia cSj;ajkq leue;af;dah' hkdoS f,iska ;uka YdCIs jYfhka ;ndf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh lsrSu wrUkakdg myiq nejska th jvd;a l@udkQl~, hehs ms<s.efka' iEu mqoa.,fhl`ygu ;ukaj ;ukag m@sh nejska th Wmudkjg f.k wkHhkayg o ysxid lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h'83 fuz wdldrfhka ;uka Wmud jYfhka ;ndf.k ish,q ffcj m@cdj flfrys u fu;a;d Ndjkdj jevsh hq;`h hk l@uh nq|=r|=ka jsiska jodrk ,oafoah' tnejska uekjska m@.`KjSu msKsi 60
  • 32. m<uq fldg ;uka flfrys fu;a jevsh hq;`h' bka wk;`rej iqjfia ffu;@sh mj;ajkq msKsi ;ukayg m@sh ukdm .re iuzNdjkSh wdpdhH!jrfhla fyda wdpdhH! iudkfhla fyda WmdOHdhfhla fyda WmdOHdh iudkfhla fyda fjz kuz Tyqf.a odk m@sh jpkdoS jQ m@sh ukdm ldrKd o YS, Y@e;j;a wdoS jQ .re iuzNdjkSh ldrK o i,ld tu i;a mqreIhd iqjm;a fj;ajd ks|=la fj;ajd hkd oS l@ufhka fu;a is; jrAOkh l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj is|= lsrSfuka taldka;fhka u wm!Kd OHdk ;;ajfhka is; by<g f.k taug yelsh' fuu fhda.djprhd tf;lska ish wNsm@dh wjika jQjd hehs i;`gg meusK ish W;aiyh ,sys,a lr fkdf.k ;j |=rg;a ish ffu;@S ps;a;h jrAOkh l< hq;`h' blans;sj Ndjkdkqfhda.shdg we;af;a iSudjka blaujd ish fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jrAOkh lsrSfuz mshjrhs'84 iSudjka blaujkq leue;s fhda.djprhd jsiska m<uq fldg ;udf.a w;sm@sh us;@hd flfrys fu;a is; fydZoska m@.`K fldg wk;`rej uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka uOHia: mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a jvd th fydZZoska m@.`K jQjdhska miqj ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o fu;a is; jrAOkh lsrSu werUsh hq;`h'85 kej; tlS ffjrS mqoa.,hka flfrys ffjrS ixZ{djka jsIaluzNkh lr uOHia:hg muqKqjk fpz;kdfjka m@sh Ndjh o Wmojkakyq jsiska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@cdkfhys ,d ;j ;j;a W;aiyj;a jsh hq;`h'86 ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys fu;a is; jv;au ta mqoa.,hd flfrys fl@daO ixZ{djka my< fjz kuz tjsg m<uq Ndjkd wruqKq jYfhka ;nd.kakd ,o ;udg m@sh mqoa.,hka w;rska hful` flfrys ffu;@S OHdk ,nd thska ke.sg kej; ffjrS mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg fu;a is; jvkakg W;aiy .; hq;`h'87 kuq;a thska o ;u is; Wmka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg wiu;a fjz kuz is;g fkdfhl`;a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,ndoSuz wkqidrfhka fl@daOh |=re lr .kakg kej; kej; W;aiy 88 l< hq;`h' we;eful`f.a ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a jdla – udkisl yeisrSuz rgdj wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukisl iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` jpkfhka mjik foa wYdka;h' wYdka; jQ ta jdla – ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jQ ldhsl yeisrSuz rgdj u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful` f.a jdpsl m@ldYk Ydka;h' tfy;a Tyqf.a ldhsl yd udkisl wej;`uz mej;`uz rgdj wYdka;h' ta wYdka; ldh ukia iudpdr fkd is;d Ydka; jdla iudpdr u is;sh hq;`h' we;eful`f.a udkisl is;`js,s rgdj Ydka;h' ta nj ta mqoa.,hd lrk lshk lghq;` wdosfhys oS ish,a,kag u oek .; yelsh' fkd ikaiqka is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` jsiska is|= lrk ,nk lghq;`j, jsoHudk jk wms,sfj< iajNdjh 89 uZ.ska ta mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; iajNdjh ms<snZo ;rul jegySula ,ensh yelsh' we;eful`f.a fuz ;@sjsO l@shdldrluz u wYdka;h'90 tnZ|= ;eke;a;d flfrys lreKdj Wmojsh hq;`h' lreKdj ksid fl@daOh ixisfZokafkah'91 fuz ms<snZoj wx.`;a;r mZCoapl ksmd;fhys iZoykajk w>d;mgsjskh iQ;@h bjy,a lr.; yelsh'92 fuz wdldrhg ;ud jsiskau 61
  • 33. ;ukag wjjdo lr .ekSu uZ.skq;a ;u oafjzIh my fkd.sh l< ;udf.a yd i;`rdf.a lrAu Yla;shu i,ld ixisZ|=jd .; hq;`h'93 thska ;udf.a lrAu Yla;sh i,ld ne,sh hq;` jkafka Ydia;Dka jykafia .`re fldg ;ndf.kh'94 fufia ie,lSfukq|= fkd ixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! fndaOsiFj prs; l:djkays iZoyka jkakd jQ fndaOsiFj .`Khka ie,lSu ;`<ska fyda th ixisZ|=jd .ekSu msKsi W;aiy .;hq;`h'95 fufia Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a mQj! prs; .`K isys lr;`|= fndfyda ld,hla flf,iqkag odhl jq Tyqf.a fl@daOh fkdixisfZoa kuz wk;`rej wku;.a.sh iQ;@h isys l< hq;`h' ta l< hq;af;a o fuz wdldrfhks'96 tfia fu;a;d ixl,amh jO!kh lr .kakg W;aiy fldg;a" fkdyels jsks kuz wkaouska fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fhys oelafjk wkaoug ffu;@S ps;a;h m@.`K lrkakg W;aiy l< hq;`h'97 fufia fu;a;dksixi isys fldg;a isf;ys oafjzIh myj fkdfha kuz O;` jsksrAfNda.h l<hq;`h'98 Od;` jsksrAfNda.h lrkakg fkdyels jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd jsiska odkh uZ.ska fyda fl@daO fpz;kdj |=re lrkakg 99 W;aidy l< hq;`h' fuz wdldrfhka fl@daOh ixisfZo;a u m@sh - w;sm@sh – iydh – uOHia:hka flfrys fuka ta ffjrS mqoa.,hd flfrys o is; ffu;@S jYfhka mj;shs' tjsg Tyq kej; kej; ffu;@S fldg iSud iuzfNaoh l< hq;`h' ;ud flfrys o" m@shhd flfrys o" uOHia:hd flfrys o" iu is;a bmsojSu iSud iuzfNaohhs'100 fuz wdldrfhka iSud iuzfNaoh ,n;a u ta mqoa.,hd ksus;a; o Wmpdr o hk folu ,enQ Wmpdr iudOsfhka hqla; iudys; is;a we;s mqoa.,fhl` f,i ie,fla'101 iSudiuzfNaoh ,nd.;a miqj Wmojd .kakd ,o ta ksus;a;u jv jvd;a fiajkh lr;au jrAOkh lr;au mqZM,a njg uy;a iajNdjhg m;alr;au ksrdhdifhka mGjs lisKfhys olajk ,o mrsos OHdkhl uQ,sl wjia:djjQ wm!Kd wjia:dj olajd th oshqKq fjz'101 fuf;lska ta Ndjkdkqfhda.shd laf,aY mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hka m@ySK lrk ,o tfukau l`Y, mdCIsl mZCoapdx.hkaf.ka iukajs; jQ" ;@sjsO l,HdK iuzm;ska wkQk jQ yd oY ,CIKfhka hqla; jQ ffu;@S iy.; m@:u OHdkh ,enq mqoa.,fhla fjz'102 fuz wdldrfhka uy;a fia |=Ialr;d jsZo b;d jer jEhuska Wmojd .kakd ,o ta m@:u OHdk ksus;a;u ;j |=rg;a fiajkh lruska jrAOkh lruska mqZM,a njg m;alruska wkq ms<sfj<ska iQ;@ msglfhys p;`Ial kHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh OHdkhkag o103 thu fjk;a f,ilska jsia;r lrf;d;a wkq ms<sfj<ska wNsOrAu msglfhys mZ[apl khHdfhka jsia;r flfrk mrsos oajs;Sh" ;D;Sh yd p;`F:s OHdkhkag o meusKSug yelshdjla we;s lr .kshs'104 fuys oS fhda.djprhd jsiska Wmojd .kakd ,o m@:u" OHdkdoSka w;`frka lsishuz OHdkhl isg ffu;@S is;ska tla osYdjla m;`rjd jdih lrhs' tfiau fojk" f;jk yd i;r jk osYd o Wv hg yd yria w; o hk ish,qu ia:dkhkays iEu w;skau irAj iuzmQrAK wdldrfhka yd irAj iudk f,i uqZM uy;a f,dalh jsmq, jQ uyoa.; jQ wm@udK jQ wffjr jQ wjHdmcAc jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jHdma; lr ta wkqj iajlSh prAhd me;slv o Bg wkq.; lrjd .kshs'105 fulS jsl`nznK m@dma; iajNdjh ,efnkafka m@:u OHdkdoS jYfhka wm!Kdj Wmojd .kakd ,o mqoa.,hdguh' jsl`nznK kuz fuys oela jQ TOsfid 62
  • 34. fyda wfkdOsfid jYfhka mqoa., prAhdjg n,mEuz lsrSug yelshdjla ,efnk mrsoafoka fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk jYfhka jHdma; lsrSuhs' TOsfidMrK ffu;@sh kuz tla tla osYd jYfhka iSud fjkalrf.k fu;a;d ixl,amh me;srjSuhs' l`i, OrAuhla yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu msKsi W;aiyj;a lsrSu idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpr ( Moral ) .`Khkaj,ska msrsmqka jSu f,i fmkajd osh yelsh' fuys oS idrOrAu ( Values ) yd iodpdr ( Moral ) hk jpk foflys kshudrA:h meyeos,s lr.; hq;af;a ;@s msglh ;`< idrOrAu yd iodpdr uQ,OrAu meyeos,s lr olajd we;af;a l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i nejsks' idrOrAu hkqfjka woyia jkafka huz lsis wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSudjk tu wd.ug fyda ixialD;shg wh;a idudcslhkaf.a fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdjhs' iodpdrh hkafkka woyia jkqfha tfia wd.ul fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjQ tfy;a fmd|= jsYajSh OrAu;djhla jYfhka yeufokdu talu;slju fydZo hehs ms<s.kakd ,o ksYaps; yd iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj fjhs' fu;ek oS meyeos,s lr .; hq;` foa jkafka nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk fydZo hehs iuzu; yeisrSuz rgdj uska l`uk ldKavhg wh;a jkafkao hk ldrKhhs' nq|= oyuska ms<snsUq jk yeisrSuz rgdj ms<snZoj jspdr mQrAjlj i,ld n,f;d;a meusKsh yels ks.ukh jkqfha yqfola tu yeisrSuz rgdjka lsishuz wd.ulg fyda ixialD;shlg iSud fkdjk njhs' tu ksid tu yeisrSuz rgdjka iodpdrh hkakg jvd;a iuSm fjz' tfiau wd.usl ixorANhla ;`< idlpzPd lr we;s ksid tajd idrOrAu f,i jsia;r lrkq ,enQj;a tys lsis|= jrola fkdue;' nq|= iufhka fmkakquz lrkq ,nk idrOrAu fyj;a iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz l`i, hk mofhka iy fndaOsmdCIsl OrAu;d f,i oyu ;`< jsia;r flfrA' fuz wkqj l`i, idrOrAu fyda iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj ksrEmKh lrk w;r nq|= oyuska fmkajk mru ksIaGdj jk fndaOsh fyj;a wjfndaOh lrd hk .ufkys oS tu wjfndaOh ,enSu msKsi jqjukd lrk lreKq fyj;a iq|=iqluz fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; jkakd jQ idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz rgdj l`i, OrAu yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu f,i fuys fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk" wdfjzok" Z{dk jsNd.S" prAhd yd iudc jsoHd;aul hk mokuz my f.k ne,Q l, meyeos,s jkafka l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu hkafkka .efkk idrOrAu yd iodpdrd;aul yeisrSuz fuz ;`< wka;rA.; njh' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys oefkk iajNdjh wOsl nejska tys wdfjzok moku fiiq mokuzj,g jvd jevsmqr olakg ,efnz hehs flfkl` fmkajd fohs' th l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu;d jYfhka i;r n@yau jsyrK uZ.ska ksrEmKh fj;ehs thg ksoiqka bosrsm;a lr;s' fuz w;r ;j flfkl` olajkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uZ.ska wl`Y, uQ, ;`fkka oafjzI uQ,h hgm;a lr ouk nejska fuu ixl,amfhys ixcdkk moku fjk;a mokuz j,g jvd wOsl iajNdjfhka olakg ,efnk njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh fya;` fldg f.k we;s lr.kakd fhdksfidaukisldrh 63
  • 35. jspdrmQj!l iajNdjh jeks lreKq l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu j,g ksoiqka jYfhka f.k yer olaj;s' fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul jYfhka wfkHdkH Wmldrh" iuZ.sh" us;@Fjh jeks lreKq j,ska fmdfydi;a nejska fuys prAhd moku jvd wOsl nj ;j;a wh f.k yer olaj;s' fuz ish,qu lreKq iudc jYfhka iuQyhla jYfhka iduQyslj lghq;` lsrSu msKsi jeo.;a jk nejska fuu ixl,amh iudc moku w;ska fjk;a mokulg jvd bosrsfhka isgsk nj ;j;a wh fmkajd fo;s' by; lS mokuz ish,a,u fkd wvqj ijsu;aj olakg ,enSuu fuys Z{dk jsNd.Sh mokfuys ijsu;aNdjh fmkajd fok lreKla f,i ;j;a fndfyda fokd iZoyka lr;s' fuz wkqj fmkajd osh yelafla l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk udkqIsl jgskdluhs' ish,qu l`i,hka ffu;@sh ;`< wka;rA.; l< yelafla ish,qu l`i,hka wrA:j;a l< yelafla ukqIH m@cdjla ;`< oS muKla jk nejsks' tfukau fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhka o m@dfhda.slj wrA: iuzmkakNdjhg m;a lr .; yels jkafka o cSj m@cdjla wruqKq fldg ta cSj m@cdfjys hym; Wfoid fuu OrAuhkays .enzjk Wmfhda.S;d ,CIK u;` flfrk mrsos l@shd;aul l< yels jk ksid muKs' fndaOs hk jpkh ;`<g ksrAjdK OrAuh yd wfkl`;a wjfYaI l`i, OrAu ish,a,;a wka;rA.; l< yels fjhs' fndaOs hk jpkh iuZ. fhoS we;s ;`ka;rd fndaOsh fndaOsiFj hk jpk .;al< tys oelafjkafka ksrAjdKdOs.uh fyj;a nq|= iufhys js.@y jkakd jQ mru ksIaGdj yd tu ksIaGdj YdlaId;alrKh msKsi wkq.ukh lrkakd jQ huzlsis l@udkQl~, jevms,sfj<la hkqfjka wmg huzlsis m@udKsl woyila fuz ms<snZoj we;s lr.; yelsjkq we;' l`i, yd fndaOs mdCIsl OrAuhla f,i fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh oelafjkqfha oS> ksldfha ilalmZ[ay iQ;@fhysh' tysos ila fojsZ|= nq|=r|=kaf.ka jsuid isgskqfha usksiqka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka hqla;j isgSu m@sh lrk uq;a Tjqkag tfia isgSug fkdyels jS we;s fya;`j ms<snojhs'106 tu mekhg nq|=r|=kaf.a ms<s;`r jkafka BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdackhka fol fya;`fjka fuu fu;a;d ixl,amh ish,q iFjhka jsIfhys yg .ekSug ndOd we;slrjk njhs'107 B <Z.g nq|=r|=ka olajkqfha fuu BrAIHd ud;aiH! hk ixfhdack OrAu fol yg .ekSug fya;`jQ ksOdk jQ ldrKhhs' fuysoS BrAIHd ud;aiH! fol m@sh yd wm@sh i;aFjhka ksok fldg yg .kakd nj nq|=rcdKkajykafia jsiska Yl@hd yg myod fokq ,nk fial'108 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd ;s@ YsCIdj w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOfhys iajrEmh js.@y lr ne,Su uZ.ska ;@s YsCIdj flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amfhys Wmfhda.S;djh ms<snZoj meyeos,s ks.uhlg meusKsug mqMjk' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku" prAhd moku" Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r mylska iukajs;h' fuu ia:r mfika ixcdkk moku" wdfjzok moku yd prAhd moku hk ia:r ;`k l@shd;aul jkafka uQ,sl udkqIsl ixfjzok lafIa;@fhysh' fyj;a mqoa.,dNHka;r.;jh' b;srs ia:r fol jk Z{dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk tajdh' tfukau tlS ia:r fol iudc jsoHd;aul jYfhka jeo.;ah' fuu udkqIsl ia:r ;`k f,i ie,flk ia:rj,ska ixcdkk mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha ;@s YsCIdfjka m@{d YsCIdfjysh' ;@s 64
  • 36. YsCIdfjka wdfjzok mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iudOs YsCIdfjysh' tfuka u ;@s YsCIdfjka prAhd mokug wh;a ixl,amuh ksrEmKh olakg ,efnkqfha iS, YsCIdfjysh' fuhg wu;r jYfhka Ydia;@Sh jYfhka ie,ls,a,g .kq ,nk b;srs ia:r fol jk {dk jsNd.S moku yd iudc moku hk ia:r fol m@Z{d YsCIdjg wh;ah' oidx.sl wrAy;a ud.! m@;smodjg wka;rA.; fia ie,flk iuzud Z{dk yd iuzud jsuq;a;s hk udrA.dx. fol;`< .enzjk mssrsmqka wjia:djka fuu ia:r fol uZ.ska ukdj uQrA;su;a l< yelsh' fu;a;d ixl,amh kuz lfhka jpkfhka yd ukiska ish,q ffcj f,dalhd jsIfhys ys; iqj we;sjk whqrska lghq;` lsrSuhs' iS,h uZ.ska is|= flfrkafka o ldhsl yd jdpisl ixjrh ;ud ;`< we;s lr.ekSu uZ.ska ish,q ffcjS f,dj flfrys ys; iqj we;sjkdldrfhka lghq;` lsrSuh' ta wkqj iS,fhka lh yd jpkfhys ixjrh wfmaCId l<;a tu iS,h wrA:j;a flfrkqfha ish,q ffcj f,dj jsIfhys ukiska o ffu;@S fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k l@shd l<fyd;a muKs' fuz wkqj fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iS,h w;r mj;skakd jQ iuznJOh b;d oevs jQjla fukau wjYHu jQ iy iuznJOhla nj meyeos,s fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amfhys jvd;au jeo.;au ,CIKh jkqfha th .sys mejsos ia;@S mqreI fNaohlska f;drj isjzjkla msrsigu idOdrKjk wdldrfhka wkqoek jodrd we;s njh. nq|=iufha we;euz ixl,am mejsos mCIh Wfoid jevs wjOdrKhlskq;a .sys mCIh Wfoid idudkH ugzgulskq;a wkqoek jodrd we;.nUir yeisrSu tjeks ixl,amhls.th mejsos mCIh fj;ska jjkfha mrsiudma; ugzgfuz Wmrsu wdldrfhka ;snshhq;` hehs n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka mejsos mCIh .sys iudchg iEu wxYhlskau wdorAYhlaj mej;sh hq;` hehs iudc wdl,amhla mej;Suh. fuz hgf;a iEu jsgloSu mrudorAYS njla yd mrudorAYS yeisrSula mejsos mCIh fj;ska .sys mCIh wfmaCId lrkq ,efnz'109 kuq;a .sys iudch fj;ska tnZ|= wdldrfha oevs jskhj;a meje;aula iudch wfmaCId fkdlrhs..sys mCIh fj;ska iudch n,dfmdfrd;a;` jkafka Bg jvd ,sys,a m@;sm;a;shla jk ldufhys jrojd fkdyeisrSuhs.jsOsu;a mjq,a ixia:djla .; lruska iajlSh jrA.hdf.a meje;au ;yjqre lsrSula o iudch idudkH .sys mCIfhka n,dfmdfrd;a;` fjz' kuq;a fu;a;d ixl,amh ;`< by; olajk ,o n@yauprsh ixl,amh fuka .sys mejsos jsfYaIFjhla olakg fkd,efnz.fuu ixl,amfhys ia;@S mqreI jYfhka jsfYaIFjhlao olakg fkd,efnz.ta ishZM iFjhd jsIfhys jsYaj idOdrK OrAu;djhla jYfhka ffu;@sh l@shd;aul jk nejsks.i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhkao fuz whqrska .sys mejsos fNaohlska f;drj ishZM fokd jsIfhysu wod< jkakls.fuz ksid i;r i;smgzGdk OrAuhka jevSu muKgu ffu;@s ixl,amh jevSuo tl yd iudk jeo.;alulska hqla;jQ fohls. tfiau fuz fya;`j ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh u;`msgska jsoHudkjk tys jpkdrA:h blaujd hk fndfyda mqZM,a yd .eUqre jQjla nj meyeos,s fjz' 65
  • 37. NsCIq cSjs;h ;`< ;u wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys meje;ajsh hq;` wdpdrAhj; olajk uydj.a.md,sfha LJOlhka ;`< ta yeu j;lau meje;ajsh hq;`jkafka .`rejrhd flfrys fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg nj olajhs. wdpdrAh WmdOHdh iy ioaOsjsydrslhd w;r meje;ajsh hq;`jQ .`re isiq inZo;djfhys iajNdjh mshmq;` iafkayh fukajQ fu;a;d fpz;kdj fmrgqfldg .;a;la nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;'110 nq|=iiqfka yrs wvlau rZod mj;skafka l,HdK us;@Fjh u;fkaoehs jsuiQ wdkkao ysushkayg nq|=r|=ka foaYkdfldg jodf<a nq|=iiqfka yrs wvla fkdj uqZM iuznqoaO idikhu rZod mj;skafka l<HdK us;@Fjh u; njhs.fuhska meyeos,s jkafka iuzmQrAK nqoaO idikfhysu moku fu;a;d ixl,amh njhs. nq|=rdcKkajykafia mejsos mCIhg jskh YsCId mo;a .sys mCIhg mkais,a wgis,a yd oiis,a hk prAhd YsCIKh;a mkjd we;af;a lh jpk ixjr lr.ekSu ;`<ska mYapd;a ld,Sk ps;a; ixjrAOkhg wjYH lrkakd jQ udkisl miqnsu ta uZ.ska we;slr .;yels nejsks. b;d rZM yeisrSuz rgdjla we;s usksiqkaf.a tu m@d:usl ;;ajfha yeisrSu l@udkQl~,j ixialrK l@shdj,shlg Ndckh lsrSu ;`<ska muKla jvd by< udkisl ugzgulg wj;SrAK jshyels fyhsks.kuq;a lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fha yd fu;a;dksixi iQ;@fha jeks iQ;@ foaYkdj, fmkajd fok wkaoug fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska huzlsis mqoa.,fhl`f.a ukfiys uD|=nj ieye,a,q nj l@shdldrSnj yd kuHYS,SNdjh jeks .`Kdx. jO!khg m;ajSu fya;`fldg f.k ta mqoa.,hd uq,ska olajk ,o m@d:usl prAhd ixialrK l@shdj,shlg NdckhjSu wkjYH iajNdjfhkau fydZo ldreKsl .;s we;s mrdrA:lduS uD|= wysxil is;a we;af;l` njg m;afjz.111 wx.`;a;r ksldfha kjl ksmd;fha .sys mCIh jsiska fmdfydh oskhkays iudokajsh hq;`hehs ksrAfoaYfldg olajd we;s ‘kjdx. Wfmdai: YS,fhys’uq,a YsCIdmo wg wIaGdx. Wfmdai: YS,hg wh;a YsCIdmo wgu jk w;r wjidk fyj;a kjjk YsCIdmoh f,i olajd we;af;a ishZM iFjhka jsIfhys ffu;@S iy.; is;ska hq;`j jsiSu iudoka fjus hkqh.uska s .uH jkqfha fmr iZoyka l<djQ YsCIdmo wggu mokuz jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amhu njhs.fu;koS olakg ,efnk ;j;a jsfYaIhla jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh prAhd;aul ixialrK YsCIK jsOs l@uhla jYfhkao Ndjs;hg .ekSug nq|=r|=ka jsiska wkqoek jodrd we;s njhs. mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr.ekSfuzoS m@Odk jYfhka fohdldr jQ l@ufjzohla Tiafia l@shd l< hq;` nj nq|=iuh meyeos,s lrhs.m<uqfldg whym;a foa lsrSfuka je<lsh hq;`h' fuh ‘jsr;s’kdufhka yeZoskafjhs' jsr;s hkq fjkajSuhs' mjska yd wl`i,fhka fjkajSu, jsr;s kus.fuu jsr;s ffp;isl jYfhka .;al< iuzud jdpd" iuzud luzuka;" iuzud wdcSj jYfhka jsr;s ;`kls.fuu jsr;s jkdyS iuzm;a;s jYfhkao iudodk jYfhkao iuqpzfPAo jYfhka hkqfjka ;`ka wdldrfjz.jsr;s uZ.ska is|=lrkqfha by; oelajQ wkaoug mqoa.,hd whym;ska je<elajSuhs.nq|=iuh olajk ffp;isl ixjrAOkh bka fl<jr fkdfjz' th wdruzNh 66
  • 38. muKs. fu;eka isg ta mqoa.,hd tu isf;ys jO!kh lr.;hq;` hym;a foa mqKH yd l`i, kdufhka olajd we;. hym;a foa hg;g wh;a jkafka oi mqKH l@shd oi l`i, OrAu ima; fndcACOx. wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h i;r iDoaOsmdo i;r i;smgzGdk i;r iuzmm@Odk mxpbJ|@sh mxpn, hk OrAuhs. fuhska oi jeoEreuz jQ mqKH yd l`i,hka yerekqjsg fiiq OrAu ish,a,lau mdfya wh;a jkqfha ‘fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu’ hg;gh' fndaOs mdCIsl OrAu kuz nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzguhs. huzlsis mqoa.,fhla fu;a;d ixl,amh jvkafkakuz yd ta wkqj l@shd;aul jkafkakuz ksrdhdifhkau ta mqoa.,hdf.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu jsr;s ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu wNsnjd nq|=iufha oelafjk Wmrsu ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu olajd pss;a; oshqKqj we;sfjk nj nq|=r|=ka jsiska fmkajdoS ;sfnz' fuu fmkajdoSu olakg ,efnkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wkqiia oelafjk lrKSh fu;a; iQ;@fhysh. uska meyeos,s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .enzjk ffp;isl ixjrAOk l`i,;djhhs.112 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska ffp;isl ixjrAOkh we;slr .kakdjQ mqoa.,hd orAYk iuzmkakj ishZM lduhkays ixisZoSug meusK kej; ujzl`i jdihg fkdmeusfKk nj fyj;a iir |=l fl<jr lr ksjkg m;ajk nj fuhska lshfjz.;j;a whqrlska lsjfyd;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevqjd jQ mqoa.,hd ishZM fndaOsmdCIsl OrAuhka jevQ mqoa.,fhl`f.a ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgug meusfKa. by; oelafjk wdldrfhka huz mqoa.,fhl` ffp;isl ixjrAOk ugzgu fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu uZ.ska ksrAjdKdjfndaOh olajd oshqKq lr.ekSu ‘fu;a;d fpzf;da jsuqla;s’kdufhka ‘fu;a; iQ;@fhys’ olajd we;.113 fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ;`<ska fpzf;da jsuqla;sh we;slr.; yelsnj fmkajdoSu ;`< ksrAjdKdjfndaOh iZoyd fu;a;d ixl,amfha we;s Wmfhda.S;djh meyeos,sfjz. fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSfuz wdksixi tfld<ila fu;a; iQ;@fha jsia;r lr ;sfnz. ta w;rska is; b;d blaukska iudOs.; jSfuz yelshdj we;sjSu tla wdksixihls' fuh ta fo wxYfhkau Wiia ;,hla lrd .ukalsrSfuz yelshdj fuz;`<ska mqoa.,fhlayg ksrdhdifhkau ,efnk nejsks.114 fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSfuzoS th ps;a; iudOsh yd lsishuz iuznJO;djla olajkafka oehs jsuis,a,g ,la lsrSu jeo.;ah' iudOsh hkqfjka woyia jkqfha isf;ys lsishuz tlZ.Ndjhla we;s jSuhs' ke;fyd;a we;slr .ekSuhs' fuu tlZ.Ndjh jkdyS tlajru we;s jka fohla fkdj l@udkQl~,j isf;ys j.d lr.; hq;` fohls' le<Us we;s uy c, lZola tla jru ksYap, jkafka fkdfjz' tfukau r;a jS we;s hlvhla tlajru isis,a jkafka fkdfjz' kuq;a fuu l@shdjka folu is|= fkd jkafka fkdfjz' wjYH jkafka thg jqjukd ld,h thg ,nd oSuhs' isf;ys l@shdldrSFjh o uqZM ukskau fkdfj;;a tla;rd |=rlg by; olajk ,o ixisoaOSka fohlg iudk lr oelajsh yelsh' le,US we;s uy c, lZo ksYap, jkafka huz fiao" r;a jS we;s hlvh isis,a jkafka huz fiao f.dapr wruqKq ,en tys ukdj msysgqjd .;a l< ke;fyd;a msysgs l< is;o l@udkql~,j ixisZoSug meusfKa' fuu l@shdldrSFjh iudOsh kdufhka yZZ|=kajkq ,nhs' iudOsh ms<snZoj iZoyka lsrSfuzoS is;g iudOsh ,enSug uZ. wjqrk tla;rd udkisl |=rAj,;djhka lsysmhla ms<snZoj nq|=iufhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka flrS we;' fuu 67
  • 39. udkisl |=rAj,;djhka my mxp kSjrK OrAu kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,efnz' kSjrK OrAu uZ.ska isf;ys meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd muqKqjd isf;ys wZ|=re l@shdldrSFjhg bv lv i,id fokq ,nhs' ps;a; iudOsh yg.ekSug fnfyjska Wmldrj;a jkafka isf;ys meyem;a udkisl l@shdldrSFjhhs' fuu udkisl l@shdldrS iajNdjhka my isf;ka uZolg fyda bj;aj hd kuz tjsg is; ksYap, iajNdjhlg meusfKa' tu ksYap, iajNdjh is; ;ekam;a lrk tla;eka lrk Ndjuh ;;ajhls' fuu ufkdaNdjh iudOs kdufhka yZ|=kajkq ,nhs' b;du;au blaukska iudOs keue;s ufkdaNdjhlg isf;ys msjsiqu we;s jkafka is; m@fndaOu;a lrjkakd jQ is;sjs,s oduhla we;sjk jsgoSh' is; isis,a lrjk is; iqkaor lrjk is;sjs,s oduhla ffu;@Sh ;ruz fjk ;j;a fkdue;' fu;a;d ixl,amh u.Zska i;aFj wruqK flaJ|@fldgf.k is;g isis,i ,nd fohs' ys;j;a nj" iqjm;a nj" fkd.efgk nj fuu i;aFjh wruqfKys we;s isis,hs' fuz ;`< ixcdkkuh ixisoZSuo" wfjzokd;aul ixisoZSuo" prAhd ixisoZSuo olakg ,efnz' ixisZ|=kq is; ukdj tla;eka lrjk w;r tla;eka jQ is; ukdj iqj t<jhs' ixhq;a; ksldfha wdKmdk j.a.fhys oelafjkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ps;a; iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu msKsi flfia bjy,a jkafkao hkak hk ldrKhhs'115 tfukau fuysoS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h Wmojd .ekSu msKsi fukau ish,q OHdkdx. jO!kh lsrSu msKsi o fu;a;d ixl,amh mqre|= lsrSu jevSu myiqjla nj olajd ;sfnz'116 tfiau kshu l,HdK us;@Fjh hkqfjka wrA:j;a flfrkqfhao wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug Wojzz Wmldr lsrSu nj ixhq;a; ksldfha l<HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys fmkajd oS we;' wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSu iZoyd;a isf;a iudOsh Wmojd .ekSu iZoyd;a l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh uy;a fia Wojz jk whqre tys oelafjz'117 l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;s mqoa.,hd u wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jvk nj;a tlS wdhH! wIagdx.sl udrA.h jsfjzlh weiqre l<" jsrd.h weiqre l< yd ksfrdaOh weiqre l< is;ska jShH! lsrSfuka ps;a; iudOSka oshqKq l< yels nj;a tys oelafjz'118ixhq;a; ksldfha iQrsh fmhHd,fha l,HdK us;a; iQ;@fhys oelafjk mrsos l,HdK us;@ iuzm;a;sh we;a;d jsiskau ksrAjdK m@;smodj iuzmQrAK lrk nj fmkajd osh yelsh'120 tfiau wdrAh wIaGdx.sl udrA.h jvkakd jQ fy;ux jsfjzlh o" jsrd.ho" ksfrdaOho weiqre lruska ksrAjdKh wruqKq lr.;a b;d by< iudOSka ,nd .ekSfuys kshe,qfkl` jk njo olajd ;sfnz'121 ixhq;a; ksldfhys |=;sh l,HdK fu;a; iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha l,HdK us;@Fjh wdrAh wIagdx.sl udrA.h jevSug mQrAj m@;smodjla jYfhka Ndjs;d jk njhs'122 rd.h oafjzIh yd fudayh hk f;joEreuz wl`Y, uQ,hkaf.ka f;dr jSu iZoyd l,HdK us;@Fjh mQrAj fldg we;s fu;a;d ixl,amh m@.`K lsrSu w;HjYH jk njhs'123 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd m@{dfjys l@shdldrSFjh ms<snZoj ie,ls,a,g .ekSu uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh m@{dj flfrys l`ukdldr Wmfhda.S;djhla olajkafkaoehs jsuis,a,g l,a l< yelsh' idudkH jHjydrfha oS oekqu ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,l;;a nq|= oyu wkqj ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj f,i i,lkq ,nkqfha m@Z{djhs' fuz wkqj nq|=iuh jsiska o oekqu tys ixcdkk l`i,;djfhys mru ksIaGdj jk m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h f,i fkdi,l;;a 68
  • 40. m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd .kakd os.` jHdhdufhaoS buy;a f,iska m@fhdackj;a jkakla f,i wrA: olajd ;sfnz'124 nq|= iufha m@Z{dj kdufhka woyia lrk ,oafoa idudkH kqjK blaujd .sh iqjsfYaIS wjia:djls' oekqu kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSug bjy,a fjz' tfy;a oekqu yd kqjK m@Z{dj ,enSu iZoyd taldhk udrA.h fkdfjz' wLKav ksrSCIKh;a wp, isysh;a ;`<ska huzlsis jsIh m@ia;`;hla ms<snZoj meusfKk taldka; wjfndaOh jQl,S m@Z{djhs'125 m@Z{dj ,nd .ekSu iZoyd is|= lrkakd jQ |=Ialr jHdhdufha oS thg wjYH lrkakd jQ ixcdkk l`i,;djh we;s lr .ekSu msKsi wjYH flfrk uQ,sl miqnsu ilia lr fokq ,nkqfha wdfjzok yd prAhd mCIfhka Bg wkql~, jk mrsos kshus; m@.;shla ,nd isgshfyd;a muKh hk wrA:l:kh nq|= iufhka bosrsm;a jS ;sfnz' uQ,sl jYfhka m@:u mshjfrys oS prAhd m@.;sh Wod lr .ekSu Wfoid iS, YsCIKh o" oajs;Sh mshjfrys oS wdfjzok mCIfhka Bg wkkql~< m@.;sh Wod lr,Su msKsi iudOs YsCIKh o" nq|= iufhka ksrAfoaY jS ;sfnz'126 fuh w;sYh |=Ialr jHdhduhls' fuzid |=Ialr jHdhduhl fhfokakdg ks;r we;s jkafka ish |=Ialr ldrAhh ms<snZoj udkisl fjfyils' we;euz jsgl fufia we;s jkakd jQ udkisl fjfyi |=re lr ;j |=rg;a tlS |=Ialr jHdhdufhys wk,iaj ksr; lrjSu msKsi lsishuz m@fndaO ckl hula idudkH ukqIHFjhg fmd|= udkqIsl |=rAj,;d iys; usksfil`g wjYHh' fuz m@fndaO ckl foh Tyq tlS Ndjkd wruqKska uE;a fkdlrkakd jQ;a tfiau ;j ;j;a Ndjkd wruqK fj; <x lrjkakd jQ;a fohlajSu nq|=iuh miihs' tu wruqK fmroers lrf.k nq|=iuh fu;a;d ixl,amh m@Z{dj ,enSfuz YsCIK udrA.h yd iuznJO lrhs'127 fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS ldhsl" udkisl yd jdpisl jYfhka iajdr;@fhkau th l@shd;aul l< yels w;sYh m@dfhda.sl jQjla nj ta ms<snZoj .eUqrska jsYaf,aIKh lr ,nk jsg fmkS hk ldrKhls' idudkH ck;dj w;r fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo we;s tla |=rAjfndaOhla jkqfha yqfola ffu;@s l< hq;` jkafka udkisl jYfhka muKla njhs' fuz u;h b;du;a idjoH jQjls' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS udkisl jYfhka" tfukau jpkh Ndjs;fhka yd YdrSrsl l@shd udrA.fhka hk l@shd udrA. ;`k lrK fldgf.ku iuia; iudch ;`<u l@shd;aul l< hq;` njhs' fu;a;d ixl,amh ldh" jpS yd ufkda hk oajdr;@fhkau jsh hq;` nj ucACOsu ksldfha pQ, f.daisx. iQ;@fhys oelafjz' tys oelafjk wdldrhg huz lsis mqoa.,fhl` bosrsmsg fukau ta mqoa.,hd fkdue;s jsg;a YrSrh jpkh yd uki Ndjs;fhka ffu;@sh me;srjSu nq+|= iufhka ksrAosIag l@shdudrA.h f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' idudkHfhka ffu;@sh lsrSu hkafkka woyia flfrkqfha ffu;@sh Ndjkdjla jYfhka is; ;`< m@.`K lsrSuhs' kuq;a fuysoS is; ;`< m@.`K lrk ,o ffu;@sh jpkh yd YdrSrsl l@shdjka uZ.ska msg;g t<s olajd iudch iuZ. lghq;` 128 lsrSu woyia jS ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh yd iudc ixia:d ( Metta Concept & Social Institution ) 69
  • 41. iosid kuialdrh ;`< ksrEms; jkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amh ms<snZo idlpzPd lsrSu uZ.ska th mqoa., ixcdkk yd prAhd ,CIK ilia lrjSu flfrys nq|= iufhka m@Ndjs; fndoaO ufkdajsoHdj;`< flfia Wmhqla; jSoehs meyeos,s wjfndaOhlg meusKSug yelshdj ,efnz' fu;a;d idrOrAufhys ixcdkk yd prAhd mokug wh;ajkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr ifudaOdkh we;s lr.ekSu ms<snZo lreKqh. fuz uZ.ska mqoa., idrOrAu yd m@;sudk ( Values & Norms ) wdrCIdjSu flfrys fu;a;d ixl,amh olajk odhlFjh ms<snZo lreKq .eUqrska jsurAYkh flfrA' isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h, l,y jsjdo iQ;@h,lrKShfu;a; iQ;@h, fu;a; iQ;@h iy pQ< f.disx. iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkdjkaf.ka yd jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk jsjsO ffu;@S Ndjkd l@uhkaf.ka m@lgjkakd jQ fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ms<snZoj jsuid nef,a' jsfYaI jYfhka fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdjg wod<jk whqrska fu;a;d ixl,amfha ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alu ms<snZo w;sYh mqZM,a js.@yhla ixcdkk yd prAhd moku uZ.ska bosrsm;a flfrA.fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd w;rska ufkda jsoHd;aul jeo.;alula .kakd pQ< f.daisx. iQ;@h jeks iQ;@ foaYkd uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys wka;rA.; iqjsfYaI ,CIK jsYaf,aIKh lrkq ,efnz'129 tfukau fn#oaO ufkdajsoHdj yd fiiq ngysr ufkda jsoHd fCIa;@hg wka;rA.; jkakdjQ jsIh fCIa;@hkays ms<s.;a kHdhhka yd fn#oaO iQ;@ foaYkd ;`,kd;aulj jsYaf,aYKh lsrSu;`<ska fu;a;d ixl,amfhys ufkda jsoHd;aul Ndjs;dfjz we;s Wmfhda.S;djh biau;` fldg oelajSu ixcdkk yd prAhd moku ;`<ska is|= flfrA' jsfYaIfhkau fuys oS pQ< f.disx. iQ;@fhys we;s Wmfhda.S;djh jeo.;a jkqfha tuZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh ldhsl jdpisl yd udkisl jYfhka f;jsOsfhkau jrAOkh l< hq;` jQ ixl,amhla f,i fmkajd oS w;s fyhsks'130 fuz uZ.ska we;euz fokd ;`< ;sfnkakd jQ idjoH woyila tkuz fu;a;d ixl,amh yqfola udkisl wxYfhka muKh hk us:Hd woyi ksrjoH fkdjk nj fmkajd fohs' tfukau nq|=iuhdkQl~,j js.@yjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys we;s mrsmQrAK iajNdjho fuz ;`<ska ukdj fy<sfmfy<s fjz' 131 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys ufkda jsoHd;aul ,CIKhka wka;rA.; ixcdkk yd prAhd moku wrA: oelafjkafka hq;`luz yd j.lSuz hk fohdldrfhks' fuu hq;`luz yd j.lSuz l@shd;aul jSu iZoyd isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys jsia;r flfrkakd jQ uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih;`< wfkHdkH jYfhka ls@hd;aul jkakd jQ ysff;IS iajNdjhla mej;sh hq;`h' fuu ysff;IS Ndjh kuz fu;a;d ixl,amhhs' fuhska fmfkkafka udkj ixia:dfjz wfkHdkH neZoSu talFjh we;s lsrSfuys,d fu;a;d ixl,amfha ldrAhNdrh b;du;a iqjsfYaIS jk njhs'132 isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys oS nq|=rcdKka jykafia YD.d,l kuz .Dym;s mq;@hdg foaYkd fldg we;af;a wdhH! jskfhys oS wkq.ukh l< hq;` jQ l@shd udrA. moaO;shls' fuh tu iQ;@fhys yeZoskafjkqfha Igz osid kuialdrh jYfhks' tys oS wdhH! mqoa.,fhl` yg i;r lu! laf,aY m@ySK lsrSu iZoyd Wojz jkakd jQ uQ,sl lreKq i;r f,i olajkqfha iFjhkaf.a cSjs; whs;sh ( m@dK>d;fhka je<lSu ) " foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh ( wo;a;dodkfhka je<lSu )" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh ( ldufhys jrojd yeisrSfuka je<lSu ) iy ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys 70
  • 42. wjYH;djh ( fndrelSfuka je<lSu ) hk lreKq i;r iqrCIs; lsrSu fjhs' fuhska m@dK>d;h fyj;a mrmK keiSfuka je<lSu is|=jkqfha o" foam< mrsyrKh lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrrAnqo mjq,a ixia:djla .;lsrSfuz whs;sh wkHhkayg iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o" ksrjoH ikaksfjzokfhys wjYH;djh iqrCIs; lrfokq ,nkafka o fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lsrSu uZ.sks' idudkH mxpYS, m@;smodfjz uq,a wx. i;r hg;g .efkk lreKq i;ru fuys oS o jsia;r lr we;s w;r tu lreKq i;r mqoa.,fhl`f.a isf;ys jrAOkh jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh uq,a jSfuka nj fuz uZ.ska meyeos,s fjz'133 mxpYS, m@;smodfjys miajk wx.h f,i olajk hym;a isysl,amkdfjka isgSfuz whs;sh ke;fyd;a iDKd;aul fm<UjSfuka je<lSu ( ryfur mdkfhka je<lSu ) isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajkqfha iuzm;a jskdYhg fya;`jkakd jQ udrA.hla jYfhks' mqoa.,fhl` ;`< hym;a isys l,amkdjla fkdue;s jSu fya;`fjka we;s jkakd jQ .egZM iy.; ;;ajhka fuz wdldrfhka olajd ;sfnz' tkuz jia;` jskdYh" l,y we;sjSu" frda.dndO yg.ekSu" wmlSrA;sh ,enSu" ,cAcd rys;nj" yd kqjK |=n,jSu tu lreKq ldrKd fjz' fuu lreKq msrslaid ,nk jsg ta iEu lreKlau yg .efkkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys yg fkdf.k we;s ksid nj meyeos,s fjz' hfula ;ud iy iudch w;r we;s us;`re nj mZM|= jk wdldrfha by; iZoyka lghq;` iZoyd m@fjzY jkafka tu ;eke;a;df.a isf;ys fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fkdjSu ksid nejz meyeos,sh'134 tnZ|= fNda. jskdY uqL ihla fuz iQ;@fhys olajd we;' bka fojk lreK jkafka fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKhhs' fuz uZ.ska ;ud fukau ;ukaf.a wUqorejkayg we;sjk wkdrCIs; nj" Ok jskdYh" iellghq;` mqoa.,fhl` jSu" wN~; fpdaokdj,g uqyqK mEu jeks fndfyda lrorj,g uqyqK mEug fuz ksid mqoa.,hdyg is|= fjz' fuys oS mqoa., jYfhka fukau iudc jYfhka o wfkHdakH jYfhka fu;a;d ixl,amfhka neyerj lghq;` lsrSfuz wdoSkj fmkakquz lrkq ,nhs' fuys oS mqoa.,hd iudchg ffu;@S lrkafkl`` fkdjSfuz fya;`fjka iudch o mqoa.,hdyg ffu;@S fkdlsrSfuz m@jK;djh fukau iudcfhka mqoa.,hd fj; fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdoelajSfuz fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd o fmr,d iudchg fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdolajkafkl` jSfuz iuzNdjs;djh fuz ;`< b;du;a u meyeos,sju .enz fjz'135 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha kD;H orAYkhkag ks;r ks;r hduhs' ke;fyd;a thgu wenzneys jS tajdfhysu we,S .e,S lghq;` lsrSuhs' jsfkdaodiajdohkays ks;r fofjzf,a we,S .e,S lghq;` lsrSu fya;`fjka ;ukaf.a jD;a;Suh yd iudc lghq;`j, ksis m@.;shla Wod fkdjk nj fuys we;s wys;lr M, jsmdlhhs' mqoa.,fhl` jYfhka muKla fkdj iudc jYfhka o oshqKqj lrd hdug we;s tlu udrA.h jkqfha ;uka ks;rjk lghq;af;ys wm@udoSj kshe,Su jk w;r mxfpzJ|@shhka mS@Kkfhys muK blaujd we,S.e,S lghq;` lsrSu fuu lghq;a;g ndOd we;s lrjhs' ;ukaf.a jD;a;Suh yd iudc 71
  • 43. lghq;`j, wkia,j ksr; jkafka ;uka w;ska iudchg jsh hq;` fiajdj ms<snZo wjfndaOfhks' fuz lreK idrA:l f,i bgqjSug kuz mqoa.,fhl` ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;` jk w;r tfia fkdjq ;eke;a;d W;aiy .kafka yels;dla wd;audrA:lduS f,i bJ|@Sh mS@Kkhg muKla fhduq jQ cSjs;hla .; lsrSugh'136 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha iQ|=fjz ksr; jSuhs' iQ|=jg wenzneys jQ mqoa.,hdyg iQ|=fjka oskQ jsg i;`rka we;s jSu;a" mer|=Kq l< fYdal jSu;a" jia;` jskdYh;a" ck iudcfhys tu mqoa.,hdf.a jok i;H f,i fkdms<s.ekSu;a" us;@dud;HdoSkaf.a wjZ{djg ,la jSu;a" wdjdy jsjdyhka iZoyd lsisfjl` fkdleu;s jSu;a hk whym;a m@;sjsmdlhkag uqyqK mEug is|= fjz' by; iZoyka lreKq i,ld ne,Q jsg fmfkkafka mqoa.,fhl` yqfola iQ|=jg wenzneys jkafka b;du;a blaukska idOdrK fkdjk l@uhlska tkuz yqfola ;ukaf.a oyvsh uykaisfhka Wmhd .ekSulska f;drj wkqka jsiska b;du;a oyvsh uykaisfhka yrs yuzn lr.kq ,enQ jia;`j Okh iQ|=j keue;s widOdrK l@ufjzoh Ndjs;fhka ;uka ika;lhg .ekSfuz fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k lghq;` lrk njhs' fuh flfiaj;a fu;a;d iy.; is;lska is|= l< fkdfyk l@shdjls' fuz ksidu tu mqoa.,hd o by; iZoyka l< wdldrfhka iudcfhys ms<sl`,g ,la jk mqoa.,fhl` jk nj fmfka'137 fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha mjsgq us;`rka fiajkhhs' mjsgq us;`rd hkq o i;`rduh' ;udf.a whym; Wod lr fokafka us;`rd fkdj i;`rd nejsks' tnejska fuys us;@ kdufhka yeZoskajqj o ta i;`rdu nj oek .ekSu jeo.;ah' funZ|= i;`re mqoa.,hka ih fofkl` ms<snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka fjz' Tjqka kuz iQ|= ldrhka" i,a,d,hka" fnznoaoka" kele;alrejka ( jxpkslj l~G yd iglmg f,i .`ma; jsoHd l@u Ndjs;fhka cSjfkdamdh i,id .kakka )" jxpkslhka" .uz myrk ux myrk idyislhkah' fudjqka taldka; jYfhau iudchg iudcfha bosrs .ukg ndOdldrS jkakkah' funkaoka weiqre lsrSu ksid ;ukaf.a bosrs .ukg ydkshla is|= jkjd muKla fkdj fndfyda fldg iudc m@.ukhg ndOdwe;s lrjSu msKsi wkshuz jYfhka f;fuzz o iyh olajkafkl` jYfhka ie,flhs' i;`rka fyda i;`re nj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh ;uka;`< jrAOkh jS 138 fkdue;s ksidh' fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk B <Z. lreK f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jkqfha w,i njhs' fuz w,i nj ksid ;ud w;ska jsh hq;` jQ jD;a;suh yd iudchSh hq;`luz ksis whqrska bgq lsrSug mqoa.,hd wfmdfydi;a fjz' fuz wkqj b;d YS;h" b;d WIaKh" b;d ijih" b;d Wfoah" b;d nv.sksh" b;d l`i msrefKah jYfhka i,ld fuz f,i ;ukaf.a j.lSuz meyer yerSug mqoa.,hd fm<fUk nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fys uekjska jsia;r lr ;sfnz' jsfYaIfhkau iudchSh hq;`luz yd j.lSuz bgq lsrSfuys ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ;ukaf.a is; ;`< kefZ.k fuz w,i nj uy;a fia ndOd muqKqjhs' fuu w,i iajNdjh ksid ish hq;`luz yd j.lSuz 72
  • 44. bgq lsrSu lrorhla f,i i,lhs'fuz fya;`j ksid wkqka ms<snZoj l`iS; mqoa.,hdf.a is; we;s jkqfha oafjzIhls' ta hq;`luz j.lSuz bgq lsrSug is|=jSu lrorhla fia i,lk fyhsks'fuu w,i iajNdjh ksid we;sjk oafjzIh uev f.k ;ukaf.a hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iudch fj; bgq l< yelafla is; ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh ukd f,i jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ mqoa.,fhl` yg muKh' 139 fuz wdldrhg fNda. jskdYhg fya;`jk lreKq ifhys mqoa.,hd fhdojkq ,nk fyda fhojSug .dul n,fjz.hla f,i l@shdlrkakd jQ us;`rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jQ mqo.,hka ih fofkl` ms,snZoj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y lrkq ,nhs' fudjqka us;`rka fkdj us;@ m@;srEmlhka jkafka ienjskau i;`rka jqj;a us;`rkaf.a fmkqfuka hq;`j fmkS isgsk nejsks' tnejska iDcqju t,smsgu i;`rka f,i fmkS isgsk msrsi fuka fkdj fudjqka myiqfjka yZ|=kd.; fkdyels njo fmkajd oS ;sfnz' tnejska fudjqka yZ|=kd.; yelafla fudjqkagu isus; jQ huz huz .;s ,CIK yeoErSfuka muKla fyhska ish,a,kaf.a hym; iZoyd fuu msrsif.a .;s ,CIK isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys fuz wkaoug jsia;r lr oS ;sfnz' 140 fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhkaf.a udkisl ugzgu wkqj Tjqka wZ[aZ[o;a;`yr" jpSmru" wkqmamshNdKs yd wmdh iydhl kduhkaf.ka hq;`j m@fNao lr oela fjz' fuhska wZ[aZ[o;a:qyr mqoa.,hdf.a .;s.`K jkqfha flfia fyda hula f.k hdu;a" gslla oS fndfyda leu;sjSu;a" jsm;a nsh ksid weiqre lsrSu;a iy ;u jdish ;ld weiqre lsrSu;a fjz' fuu .;s.`K uZ.ska fmkakquz lrkqfha wd;audrA:lduSFjhhs' wd;audrA:h we;sjkqfha wkqka .ek lsisfia;a fkdis;k ;ud .eku muKla is;d lghq;` lrk wdl,am j,ska msreKQ is;e;s jsghs' fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s ;eke;a;d flosklj;a fuz f,i wd;audrA:lduS wkaouska ;uka .eku muKla is;d wkqka .ek fkdis;d lghq;` lrkafka ke;' ta ksid taldka; jYfhkau by; jsia;r lrk ,o |=rA.`K my< jSfuz yelshdj we;s jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh Ndjs;d fkdlrk ,o is;a we;a;d jQ mqo.,hka yghs' fun|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h lrkakd yg;a fndajk frda.hla fuka tu woyiau ldjeoS h;ehs hk wkqudkfhka funkaoka wdY@h fkdlrkakehs olajd ;sfnz' 141 us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska B <Z. fldgi f,i fmkajd oS we;s jpS mru mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka w;S;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" wkd.;fhka ix.@y lsrSu;a" ysia oehska ix.@y lsrSu;a yd bosrsm;a lghq;af;ys nsh oelajSu;a hkdoshhs' ld,;@fhka ix.y flfrkafka we;af;kau Wojz lsrSfuz we;s wjYH;djhla fkdue;s ksihs' ysia oefhka ix.@y lsrSu o thg iudkh' lghq;a;la meusKsl, thg nsh oelajSu jkdyS tlS lghq;af;ka m<dhdug Wps;u l@ufjzoh f,i fuu mqoa., fldgzGdYh jsiska f;dardf.k we;s yegshla fmfkkakg ;sfnz' fuz ishZMu ,CIK uZ.ska m@lg jkafka ienjska u tu mqoa.,hd ;`< wkHhkayg Wojz lrkakg ksis leue;a;la fkdue;s njhs' mqoa.,hka wkHhkayg Wojz lsrSu iZoyd fm<fUkafka ;uka;`< wkHhka ms<snZoj ys;j;a njla fyda ffu;@S fpz;kdjla we;akuz muKh' ta wkqj fuu jpSmru mqoa.,hka ;`< wkHhka ms<snZoj ffu;@S fpz;kdjla fkdue;s nj meyeos,sju fmfkakg ;sfnz' ta 73
  • 45. ksid funZ|= fu;a;d ixl,am fkdue;s mqoa.,hka fiajkh lsrSu o wfhda.H f,i fuysoS olajd ;sfnk nj meyeos,sh'142 wdY@fhka wE;a l< hq;` jQ us;@ m@;srEmlhka w;rska f;jk fldgzGdYh f,i olajd ;sfnkakd jQ wkqmamshNdKS mqoa.,hkaf.a .;s ,CIK jkafka fydZo foh fukau krl foh o tlfia wkqu; lsrSu;a" bosrsmsg .`K yd ke;s ;ek fodia lSu;a fjz' fydZo foh fukau krl foh o wkqu; lrkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a hym; msKsi hehs is;Sug fkdyelsh' ;ukaf.a us;`rdg l`ul is|=jqk;a yqfola pdgqfjka Tyqj rjgd Tyqf.ka ,dN m@fhdck ,nd.ekSfuz wruqK fmroers lrf.k fuz wdldrfhka l@shdlrk nj fmfkkag ;sfnz' fufia l@shdlrkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh fkdue;s ksid fyj;a oafjzI iy.; ksid nejz meyeos,s fjz' tfukau ys;j;a us;`rd kuz <Z. ke;s jsg .`K;a" uqyqKg w.`K;a lsj hq;` jqj;a fuys oS wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrkqfha fuhg yd;amiska fjkia f,iska nejz ;yjqre fjz' fuhska o meyeos,s jkqfha ;ukaf.a us;`rd flfrys oafjzI iy.; f,iska wkqmamshNdKs mqoa.,hd l@shdlrk njhs' fuz ish,af,ka u meyeos,s jkqfha fujeks mqoa.,hka ;`< flfiaj;a fu;a;d ixl,amh jevSu ms<snZo wkqud;@ fyda fmkakquz lsrSula fkdue;s njhs' fujeks mqoa.,hka mius;`rka fyj;a i;`rka f,i i<ld wdY@fhka je<lS isgsk f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhka Wmfoia ,ndfohs' 143 ;ukaf.a jskdYh i,iajkakd jQ fyhska wdY@h lsrSug kqiq|=iq nejz olajd we;s B <Z. mi us;`re fldgzGdYh jkqfha wmdh iydhl kuz us;@ m@;srEmlhdhs' fudyq wdY@h lsrSu ksid wmdh.duS jSug iq|=iq mjzluz mqoa.,fhl` w;ska jSug bv we;s nejska fudyq wmdhg hEug iyh jkakd jQ hk wrA:fhka wmdh iydhl hk kdufhka yeZoskafjz' fuu us;@ m@;srEmlhdf.a ,CIK jkqfha ryfur mdkfhys ,d ;u us;`rdg iyh m< lsrSu;a" fkdl,ays jS:s ixprKfhys ;u us;`rd W;aiyj;a lsrSu;a" kD;H orAYkhka iZoyd iyNd.S jSug ksrka;rfhka ;u us;`rd legsj hdu;a" iQ|+ lSvdfjys ;u us;`rd fm<UjSu;a hk lreKq fjz' u;ameka yd u;a|@jH .ekSfuka TzkEu mqoa.,fhlf.a mshejs isysh jslD; fjz' ;u us;`rdf.a mshjs isysh jslD;s lrjSug lghq;` lrkafka wksjdrAhfhkau fu;a is;lska kuz fkdfjz' tf,i l@shd lrkafka ffjrS fyj;a jHdmdo is;lsks' tnZ|= is;lska hqla; mqoa.,hd;`< fu;a;d ixl,amh we;ehs is;sh fkdyels tnejska funZ|= mqoa.,hka |=re lrk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' fkdl,ays jSS:S ixprKfhka is|=jkqfha ;uka fkdlrk ,o foa flfrys mjd ksrka;rfhka ;ukaj iel lghq;` mqoa.,fhl` njg m;ajSuhs' ;ukaj funZ|= ;;ajhl huzlsis mqoa.,fhl` m;a lrjSu iZoyd ys;du;d l@shdlrkjdkuz tlS mqoa.,hd tlS l@shdj lrkafka ys;j;a wdl,amhlska fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmroers lrf.k nj meyeos,s fjz' tu ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hka weiqre lsrSfuka j<lsk f,i fmkajd oS ;sfnz' 144 ksrka;rfhka kD;H orAYkhka kerUSu muKlau is|=lrk mqoa.,hd fiiq idudcSh lghq;` j,oS miqng jSu wksjdrAhfhkau is|= fjz' fuz fya;`j ksid tnZ|= mqoa.,hd iudch bosrsfha hq;`luz yd j.lSuz meyer yrsk ,o mqoa.,fhl` njg m;a jkqfha ksrdhdifhks' funZ|= 74
  • 46. m@;sM, Wodlrjk ksrka;r kD;H orAYk kerUSfuys ,d huz flfkl` ;j wfhl` Wkka|= lrjkq ,efnz o Tyq hym;a us;@YS,S wdl,amh msysgd isg l@shdlr;shs is;sh fkdyel' fndfyda jsg tf,i hful` l@shdlrkqfha W;aidyfhka jer jEhfuka wfkld oshqKq fj;shs hk BrAIHdj fya;`fldgf.k wfkldj wffOrAhhg m;a fldg tlS ;eke;a;df.a oshqKqj lvdl,mam,a lsrSfuys hgs wruqKQ fmroers lrf.kh' fuf,i l@shd;aul jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys we;s fkdjk jHdmdoh flaJ|@ lr.;a is;lska nj meyeos,sj fmfkk ksid funZ|= mqoa.,hka wdY@h msKsi fkd.; hq;` nj isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@h meyeos,s lrfohs'145 iQ|+j jkdyS mqoa.,hd msrsySu lrd f.khk m@Odk udrA.hla nejska tys ,d hfula ;j;a huz flfkl` W;aiyj;a flfrA kuz taldka; jYfhkau th fu;a;d ixl,amh fmrgq lrf.k is|= lrkakla fkdj jHdmdo fpz;kdj fmrgq fldgf.k is|= lrkakd jQ wjevodhs jQjla f,i fmkajd fokq ,nhs' funZ|= mqoa.,hka taldka; jYfhkau wkHhkaf.a msrsySu leue;af;ka fujeks foa flfrys wkqka W;aiyj;a lrjSu olakg ,efnk nejska oshqKqj ,Z.d lr.kq leue;s fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lrkq leue;a;ka jsiska fujeks mdm us;`rka fiajkh fkdl< 146 hq;` nejz fmkjd fokq ,nhs' fujeks mqoa.,hkaf.ka wE;a jS lghq;` lrk w;r wdY@h msKsi .;yels hym;a jQ us;`rka isjz fofkl` ms<snZoj o isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys iZoyka jS ;sfnz' fuu us;`rka isjz fokd jkQfha Wmldrl us;@hd" iudk iqL |=laL us;@hd" wrA:LHdhs us;@hd" wkqluzml us;@hd hk us;`re mqoa.,hka isjzfokd fjhs' fuz mqoa.,hka isjz fokd flfrys wjYH muKg fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh jS we;s nejska iudc ldrAhhkays ,d Wmldr .; yels" wdY@h ksid ;uka;`< o fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh lrjkakd jQ mqoa.,hka isjz fofkl` nj meyeos,s lr oS ;sfnz'147 iudc lghq;` j,oS ks;ru wkHhka iuZ. iyfhda.fhka ls@hd lsrSug is|=jSu idudkH ;;ajhla jk w;r tlS lghq;` j, oS ks;ru flnZ|= ;;ajhla hgf;a jqj;a us;@YS,S wdl,amhlska hq;`j lghq;` lsrSu w;HjYH fjhs' wfkla w;g fuu wdl,am jvd;a jevsmqr wjYH jkqfha idudkH ukqIHhka w;rskq;a jvd jevsmqr iudc ldrAhhkays ksr;jkakd jQ mqoa.,hkagh' fuu iudc ldrAhhka ,d ksr; jkakd jQ mqoa.,hd wkqka flfrA fu;a;d ixl,amh fmroers lrf.k lghq;` fkdlrkjd kuz tlS mqoa.,hdg tu i;a ldrAhhka os.gu lrf.k hdug fkdyelsh' ukao iudc ldrAhhkays wxl tlg jefgkafka ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@;ajfhka miqjSu 148 jk fyhsks' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ prAhd oshqKqj jkqfha ishZM fokd iuZ.u us;@Fjfhka miqjSug wjYH lrk ;ruz iduQyslFjhla ish is;a i;kays frdamK lr .ekSu yd ta wkqj l@shdlsrSug hqyqiqZM jSuhs' funZ|= lreKq ksid fu;a;d ixl,amh ish is;akays jvd;a jrAOkh l,d jQ ienE us;`rkaf.a wjYH;djh u;` fjz' fiajkh l< hq;` mqoa.,fhl` f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys 75
  • 47. ioykajk m<uq us;`rd f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha Wmldrl us;@hdhs' fudyqf.a ,CIK jkqfha m@udo jQ us;`rd /lSu;a" m@udo us;`rdg wh;a jia;`j fom< iqrCIs; lsrSu;a" nshg m;a jQ us;@hdf.a nsh myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu;a" us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a us;`rdyg ,nd oSu;a fjz' 149 fuys m@udo jQ us;`rd wdrCId lsrSu hkqfjka woyia jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh js we;s mqoa.,hd wkHhkaf.a cSjs;h yd ksoyi ish osjs fofjks fldg is;d ls@hd lrk njhs' iudc wdl,amhkays Wiia;u pska;k wjia:djla fuz ;`<ska m@ldYhg meusK ;sfnz' ;uka iuia;fhys tla wx.hla nejska ;uka;`< iuia;h wka;rA.; jk nj i<ld ;uka o iuia;h o tluh nZ|= wdl,amhlska hq;`j l@shd lsrSu fndaOsiFj m@;smodfjys m@uqL ,CIKhls' fuz wkqj fndaaOsiFjjrhdg ;uka hkqfjka woyia jkafka iuia; iudcs' iuia; iudch flfrysu ;ukah hk yeZ.Su we;sj l@shdlrkakd jQ fndaOsiFjjrhd flfrys jrAOkh jS we;s fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh Wmudjlskq|= m@ldY lsrSug wmyiq ;rug th by< ia:dkhl jecfUz' f,dj Wiai;u l<HdK us;`rka jkafka fuz wkqj nq|=jreka yd fndaOsiFjjrekah' mpzfpl nq|=jreka yd wrAy;a Y@djlhka jykafia,d o l,HdK us;@hka jYfhka yZ|=kajd ;sfnz' iuia; NsCIq iudcfhys idudcslhka l@shdlrkafka nq|=jrekaf.a yd fndaOsiFjjrekaf.a prAhdj wdorAYhg f.k ksid n@yau prAhdj M,odhl jkafka us;@Fjh fmroers fldgf.k lghq;` lsrSu u; nj wdkkao ysushka wu;d jrla nq|=r|=ka jsiska u iZoykalr ;sfnz' iuia; nqoaO Ydikh u rZod mj;skafka o l,HdK us;@Fjh ksidu nj fuys oS nq|=r|=ka jsiska wdkkao ysushkag fmkajd oS we;' 150 Wmldrl us;@hdf.a fojeks ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha m@udo jQ us;`rdg wh;a jia;`j yd foafmd< iq/lSu fjz' wkHhka i;` jia;`j foafmd< flfrys ksrdYd we;sj l@shd lsrSu fukau wkqka fjkqfjka Tjqka i;` foa iqrCIs; lsrSu hk ldrKh wkHhkaf.a foa fkd.ekSu hk lreKg jvd by< ia:rhl msysgs idrOrAu ixl,amhls' wjYHfhkau fuu idrOrAu ixl,amh nsysjkafka wkHhka flfrys iSudjka W.`,qjk mrsos fu;a jvd m,mqre|= mqoa.,fhl`gu muKh' iSudjka W.`,qjk hkq wkHhka yd ;ud hk iSudjhs' fuu iSudjka wm jsiska wmf.a wd;audrA:lduSFjh yd jHdmdo fpz;kdfjys m@n,Fjh u; wm jsiska u idod .kq ,enQ jHdc 151 iSudjka fjhs' Wmldrl us;@hdf.a f;jeks ,CIKh jk nshg m;a jQ us;`rdf.a nsh myfldg Tyqg msysgjSu hk lreK iDcqju fu;a;d ixl,amh hg;g .efka' nsh hkq oafjzI uQ,sl wl`i,hls' wdfjzohka jYfhka fuu wdfjzokh iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhla jYfhka idudkHfhka ie,fla' fuu iDKd;aul udkisl wdfjzokhkaf.a idudkH iajNdjh jkqfha is; mSvdjg m;afldg udkisl wd;;sh we;s lsrSuhs' yqfola ;u jqj o ;u is;g nsh we;s lr .ekSu oafjzI uQ,slj is|= jkakla nj nq|= oyfuz jsia;r fldg ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh jkdyS nshg m@;smCI udkisl wdfjzokhhs' hful` ;u is;a i;kays ,d fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg 76
  • 48. mj;skafka o ta ;eke;a;dg nsh kQmosk nj Ouzumofhys olajd ;sfnz' fuz wkqidrfhka hful` fu;a;d ixl,amh ukdj m@.`K fldg ;sfnzo ta mqoa.,hd ;u is;a i;kays ,d muKla fkdj wkHhkaf.a is;a i;kays ,d o nsh mylsrSug iu;a jkafkl` nj fuz wkqj meyeos,s fjz' fuz khska nsh mylsrSug Wmldrj;a jkakd jQ fuz us;@ mqoa., fldgzGdYh Wmldrl us;@hd nj fmkajd oS 152 ;sfnz' Wmldrl us;`rdf.a isjzjk ,CIKh f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys js.@y jkQfha us;@hdg wjYH;djhka meusKsl, jevs jevsfhka us, uqo,a fNda. iuzm;a ,nd oSu hk lreKhs' ;uka ika;lfhys ;sfnkakd jQ huzlsis fohla ;j;a wfhl`g oSug kuz odk fpz;kdj ish is;a i;kays ,d jrAOkh jS ;snsh hq;`uh' tfia fkdue;s ;eke;a;dyg fuf,i is|= lsrSu wmyiqh' odk fpz;kdj jrAOkh jS ;snSug kuzz ish isf;ys f,daNh |=re fldg ;snsh hq;`h' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re fkdl< ;eke;a;dyg odkh mqre|= l, fkdyel' f,daN fpz;kdj |=re l,;a fok mqoa.,hd ms<snZo ffu;@sh isf;ys msysgd fkd;sfnz kuz tjsg o odkh ksis whqrska idrA:l lr .; fkdyel' fuz ksid f,daNh |=re lsrSug;a jvd wjYH jkafka fu;a;d ixl,amh isf;ys jrAOkh lr.ekSu nj fuz wkqj meyeos,sh' fndaOsiuzNdr mqrk fndaOsiFjjrhka jykafia,d |=la jsZosk wmuK iFjhka flfrys m;, ffu;@sfhka iirg msjsi mdrus;djka iuzmQrAK lrkqfha o m@Odk fldgu ish is;a i;kays,d jrAOkh jS we;a;d jQ wm@udK fu;a;d ixl,amfhys m@n,Fjh ksiduh' fuzz ksidu m@Odk jYfhka u l,HdK us;`rka jkqfha o nq|=jrhkajykafia,d yd nq|=jrhkajykafia,df.a 153 prAhdj wkq.ukh lrk Y@djl ix>r;akh fj;a' wdY@h l<hq;` jQ fojk us;`rd f,i isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fha olajd ;sfnkqfha iudk iqL |=laL us;@hdh' fudyq yeZosk .kakd ,CIK i;rla isZ.df,dajdo iQ;@fhys olajd ;sfnz' tajd kuz ryia lSu yd ryia /lSu;a" jsmf;ys oS w;a fkdyerSu;a" lreKla meusKs l, ;u cSjs;h jqjo mQcdfldg ;u us;`rd /l .kakd nj;a hk lreKq i;rhs' fuu kuskau weZ.fjk mrsos fuu mqoa.,hd jQ l,S iqj |=la foflysu iudk ;;ajhlska ;u us;`rdj weiqre lrk mqoa.,hd fuz kuska oela fjz'154 iudk iqL |=laL us;`rdf.a m<uq ,CIKh f,i olajd ;sfnkqfha ryia lSuhs' fuhska woyia jkqfha ;u us;`rdf.a |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj ;uka okakd fyda iudcfhys m@p,s;j we;s kuq;a ;u us;`rd fkdokakd jQ Tyqf.a wvqmdvq |=rAj,;d ms<snZoj Tyqj oekqj;a lsrSuhs' ;ukaf.a mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;`rdg fydZoska t<s fmfy<s lsrSu o ;ukaf.a us;@Fjh lsis|= weo mZMoaola fkdue;s j. ;u us;`rdgu ;yjqre jk ldrKhls' fuhska weZ.fjkqfha ;uka ;u us;`rd jsIfhys lsis|= l`yl yd jxpksl iajNdjhlska lghq;` fkdlrk iajNdjhhs' ryialSu hkqfjka woyia jkafka fuhhs' NsCIQka jykafia,d jsIfhys kuz weje;a foiSuz wdosfhys oS is|= lrkafka ;ud w;ska lvjqkq jskh YsCIdjka ms<snZoj ix>hd oekqj;a lsrSuhs' fuys oS tla;rd |=rlg ;uka muKla okakd ;u jro iuQyhd bosrsfhys lsula is|= flfrkafka ta ;`<ska miqj tu mqoa.,hd wod< jroska 77
  • 49. usoSug tu lSu fya;`jk nejsks' by; ryia lSfuys oS is|= jkqfha o ;u mqoa., wNHka;rh ;u us;`rdg fy,s lsrSu jk nejska tys fkdfhla jeros wvq,qyqvqluz us;`rdg oek .; yels jkjd muKla fkdj we;euz jsg tajd ksjeros lr.ekSu mssKsi fydZo msgsjy,la o us;`rdf.ka 155 ,efnkakg mqZMjk' fuu ldrKh iuzmQrAKfhka u mdfya fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol lrf.k is|=jkakd jQ l@shdj,shla nejska wfkdakH jsYajdih fuz neZoS mej;sh hq;`h' ;uka ;ukaf.a us;`rdj fkdrjgkafka us;`rd flfrys us;@YS,S wdl,amhlskahq;`j l@shdlrk nejska hehs us;`rdg ta;a;` hd hq;`h' thg fydZou l@uh jkqfha ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re ;ud us;`rd yd fkdj,yd mejiSuhs' ;uka ms<snZo f;dr;`re jsYajdiodhS fkdjk l@shd udrA. uZ.ska us;`rd w;g m;ajSug jvd ;udu tajd us;`rd yd mejiSu ksid us;`enj iq/flk w;r tu mjik mqoa.,hd flfrys b;d jsYd, us;@YS,S yeZ.Sula o us;`rd we;s lr.kshs' mqoa., fukau iudc l@shdldrSFjfh oS fuu l@shdoduh 156 b;du;a jeo.;a jk ldrKhls' iajdus - fiajl" iajdusmqreI - NdrAhd" |+ ore - ujzmsh" .Dyia: - m@jDcs;" .`re - YsIH" us;`re - us;`re" hk uQ,sl iudc ixia:d ih ;`< wfkHdakH hq;`luz yd j.lSuz iajrEmfhka fu;a;d ixl,amh l@shd;aul fjz' fu;a;d ixl,amh we;s fkdfjz kuz fujeks iudc iuznJO;d jsOsu;a whqrska f.dv kefZ.kafka ke;' udkqIsl iuznJO;djhka f.dvkeZ.sh hq;af;a yqfola hdka;@sl fyda ffk;sl iajrEmfhka fkdfjz' tys wfkdakH jYfhka iduQyslnjla" iqyoFjhla" ysff;ISnjla" iqjodhsnjla" iqrCIs;;djhla mej;sh hq;`uh' ishZM ffcj m@cdj jQ l,S wjYHfhkau iduQysl cSjk rgdj m@shlrkafkda fj;s' ffcj m@cdjf.a fulS iduQyslFjh f.dv kefZ.kafka fu;a;d ixl,amh mdol jSfuks' 157 ksrAudKjdoS pska;kh ksid usksid huz huz iudc rduq ilidf.k Bg wkq.;j udkj ksoyi ta ;`< Tnznjkakg ;e;a lsrSu fya;`fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrfhys we;euz ld, jljdkqj, oS udkj iudcfhys iduQysl meje;aug nrm;, ;rAck t,a,jS we;' l`,h" Okh" n,h" ks,h jeks lreKq ksrAudKjdoS pska;khg f;da;ekakla iemhSu fya;`fjka usksia YsIaGdpdrh ukqIHFjfhka fndfyda fihskau |=ria;r lrjSh' 158 fu;a;d ixl,amh yd jsY`oaOs udrA.h ( Metta Concept & Visuddhimaggo ) fu;a;d ixla,mh ms<snZoj w;sYhskau mqZM,a wdldrfhka idlpzPdjg n|=ka jk ia:dkhla kuz jsY`oaOs udrA.hhs' tys idlpzPdjk fu;a;d ixl,amfhys iajNdjh yZ|=kd .ekSu uZ.ska mQrAK jYfhka md,s ;@smsglh ;`< fu;a;d ixla,mfhys kshudldr ijrEmh idlpzPdjg nZ|=ka l<dla fuka jQ w;sYhskau mqZM,a wjfndaOhla ,ensh yelsh' fu;a;d Ndjkdj m<uq fldg 78
  • 50. jvkakd jsiska fkdjevsh hq;` mqoa.,hka ms<snZoj jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys idlpzPdjg nZ|=kaj ;sfnz' fuhska m<uq jekak jkqfha ,sx. jYfhka jsreoaO jQjka flfrys m<uq fldg ffu;@sh fkdjevSuhs' fuhg fya;`j f,i jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys olajd ;sfnkqfha m<uq fldg ,sx. jYfhka ;ukag jsiNd.hkag ffu;@s jevSu ksid ffu;@S iajrEmfhka rd.h ish isf;ys jrAOkh jk njhs' rd.fhys iajNdjh o wruqfKys uq,dfjka neZoS is; mskd hduhs' m<uq ldg ;ukag m@sh jQ ,sx. jsiNd.fhla wruqKq fldg ffu;@S jvkakg hdfuz oS fhda.djprdf.a m@udohlska is; wruqfKka bj;a jS is;g wdfjzKsl iyc wruqK jQ rd.h foig keuS hd yels nejsks' tjsg is; rd.h wdYajdo jYfhka ;nd .kakd w;r ffu;@sh hehs Bg uQ,djk fhda.djprhd ffu;@sh jvkafka hehs hk is;`js,af,ka rd.h jO!kh lr.kakg bv we;s nejska m<uq fldgu mqyqKq jkakd jQ fhda.djprhkayg ish uQ,sl Ndjkd wruqK ;SrKh lsrSfuz oS thg ,sx. jsiNd.hka fyj;a ;ukag m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.slhka f;dard fkd.; hq;` nj wjOdrKh lr ;sfnz'159 m<uqj fu;a;d ixl,amh jrAOkh msKsi ,sx.sl jsiNd.hka f;dard fkd.kafka jsreoaO ,sx.sl wdfjz.hka uZ.ska yg.efkk m@;sjsreoaO ,sx.sl rd.sl ixl,amhka tys mj;sk fjz.j;a ijrEmh ksid fu;a;d ixl,amfhys uD|= iajNdjh hgm;a fldgf.k ixcdkk l@shdldrSFjhg ndOd we;slrjk ijrEmfhka jHdma; jsh yels fyhsks' rd.sl ixl,am uZ.ska fu;a;d ixl,amh urAOkh lr hgm;a lr oeuSug we;s bv lv jevs nejska wdruzNl mshjfrysoS jsreoaO ,sx.slhka wruqKq lr fkd.kakd f,i Wmfoia oS we;' fuhg ksorAYk jYfhka tla;rd l:d mqj;lao jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys iZoyka fjz' tkuz tla;rd wud;Hjrfhla ;ukaf.a l`ZMm. NsCIqjla jQ ry;ka jykafia kul fj;ska ffu;@S Ndjkd jvk wdldrh ms<snZoj Ndjkduh Wmfoia ,nd .;af;ah' weu;sjrhdf.a prs; iajNdjh mss<snZoj nqoaO fCI;@hg wh;a Z{dk m@fNaohla jQ wdihdkqih Z{dkh fkd;snQ ry;ka jykafia m<uq fldgu Ndjkdj l@shd;aul l< hq;af;a ;ukag m@sh mqoa.,hd wruqKq fldg nj mejiQ fial' ta wdud;Hjrhdg b;du m@sh jkafka ;udf.a nsrsZo nejska NsCIqka jykafia ku fj;ska ,nd.kakd ,o Ndjkd Wmfoia wkqj ;ukag m@sh jQ nsrsZo wruqKq fldg wehg ffu;@sh jvushs is;d Ndjkdj wrUd ffu;@sh fjkqjg rd.hu jrAOkh lrkakg jsKs' rd.h jrAOh j;au rd.fhys ksirA. iajNdjh jk mqoa.,hdf.a jspdrmQrAjl Ndjh m<dhdu;a ta fjkqjg rd. wruqK flfia fyda bgq lr.ekSu msKsi mqoa.,hd fufyhjSu;a fuysoS o is|= jsh' ta wkqj iajlSh rd.h ixisZojd .ekSu iZoyd iajlSh nsrsZo fj; hdu msKsi;a weh yd tlajSu msKsi;a iajlSh .; is; folu w;sYhskau mSvdjg m;ajk mrsoafoka ixcdkk yd prAhd mCIfhka uy;a mrsY@uhla .;af;a 160 rd.fhys wdoSkjh olajusks' ffu;@sh jevqj;a wm!Kd jYfhka fyda Wmpdr jYfhka is; iudOs ;;ajfhka Wiia ;,hla lrd fkdmeuskSug fya;`jla jYfhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r jkakd jQ lreKla jkqfha u<jqka flfrys ffu;@s jevSuhs' fya;`j u<jqka ;j |=rg;a kdusl m@Z{ma;s jYhka ie,flkjd jskd ffcj f,dalh ;`< jsoHudk i;aFjhka fkdjSu ksid u<jqka flfrys fu;a is; 79
  • 51. jevSu m@;sM, odhl fkdfjz' fuhska fmkS hk ;j;a lreKla jkqfha ;uka lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` wruqK lr ffu;@s jevSfuz oS ;ukaf.a ps;a; fjz.hla ndysr wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd iuznJO jSfuz m@jK;djla fuz uZ.ska jsoHudk jk njhs'161 ` fujeks ;;ajhla fkd;sfnkafka kuz lsishuz mqoa.,fhl`g ;uka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd ush .sh nj ;uka wjxlju fkdoek isgskafka kuz ;ukaf.a Ndjkdj yqfola ;ukagu muKla iSud jQ ;;ajhla kuz ;uka Ndjkdj ;`<ska Wmojd .kq ,nkakd jQ wm!Kd Wmpdr ;;ajhka ;;ajhka yqfola Ndjkdfjys oshqKqj u;u hk idOlh Tiafia l@shd;aul jk fohla kuz ;uka wruqKq lrk mqoa.,hd ushf.dia isgsk mqoa.,fhlah fyda cSj;aj isgsk mqoa.,fhl`h lshd fjkila we;s jsh fkdyel' tnZ|= fjkila we;s jsh yelafla u< mqoa.,hdf.a fyda cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdj lrkq ,nk mqoa.,hd Wmojd .kq wm!Kd fyd Wmpdr ;;ajhkag n,mdkq ,nk nejska jsh hq;`h' fuys oS Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd tla jSu msKsi u< mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hla fkdue;s nejska wm!Kd yd Wmpdr iudOSka fkd Wmosk w;r cSjudk mqoa.,hdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka Ndjkdkqfhda.shdf.a ps;a; fjz.hka yd tald;ausl jSug wjldY ie,fik nejska u iFj ksus;a;la jQ ffu;@S ksus;a; lrK fldg wm!Kd Wmpdr iudOSka msysghs'162 flfia fyda fuu ;;ajhka jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys jsia;r lr fkdue;s w;r th m@fjzYfuka wOHhkh lrkafkl`g fuz nejz ukdj meyeos,s fjz' ffu;@S Ndjkd jvkakd jQ mqoa.,hdg ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS foa uZ.ska lsis|= ysxidjla fkdfjk nejz iZoyka lr ;snSu uZ.ska fy<s jkqfha mqoa.,hd ;`< jO!kh lrkakd jQ ffu;@S Ndjkdjg tkuz fu;a iy.; is;`js,s oyrdjkag ndysr cSjS fyda wcSjS jia;~ka flfrys lskuz wdldrhl fyda n,mEula l< yels njhs' fuz n,mEu hkqfjka woyia jkafka ndysr jia;~ka iuZ. is;ska iuznJO;d f.dvkZ.d .ekSuhs' fuz iuznJO;d fpz;kd;aul jYfhka fukau fN#;sl jYfhka o Ndjdkdkqfhda.shd lrd hym;a m@;sM, <Z.d lrfok iajNdjhla .kakd nj fmfka' 163 jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys u< mqoa.,hka flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevSfuka wm!Kd fyda Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels njg oelafjk l:d mqj;la iZoyka fjz' tla kjl NsCIQka jykaia kul jsiska ish wdpdrAhjrhd flfrys ffu;@S Ndjkd jevqfjzh' tfy;a tu NsCIqka jykafia yg ffu;@S Ndjkdfjka wm!Kd fyda Wmpdr iudOSka Wmojd .; fkdyels fjz' fy;u uy f;reka lrd f.dia ;ukayg ffu;@S OHdk iuzm;a;sh uekjska m@.`K uq;a thg iujoskakg fkdyelsh thg lreKq l`ulaoehs jsuiQ l, uyf;reka mjikafka ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq l< ksus;a; cSj;aj isgskafkaoehs msrslaid n,k f,ihs' ta wkqj msrslaid ne,Q l, meyeos,s jQfha ffu;@S Ndjkdjg wruqKq l< ish wdpdrAhjrhd wmj;a jS we;s njhs' bka miqj fjk ksus;a;la f.k th wruqKq jYfhka f.k ffu;@S Ndjkdj jvd wm!Kd ;;ajfhka OHdk iudm;a;s Wmojd is; iudOs.; lr.ekSug mqZMjka lu ,enSh'164 jsY`oaOs udrA.fhys oelafjk wdldrhg ffu;@S Ndjkdj jevSu fya;`fjka mqoa.,fhl` ,nkakd jQ wdksixi tfldf<dila o tysu olajd ;sfnz' fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh jSu ksid ixcdkkh fCIa;@h muKla fkdj thska ,nk moku 80
  • 52. prAhdfjys we;s lrjk iqjsYd, n,mEu o fuhska ukdj iksorAYkh fjz' tmuKla fkdj nq|= oyu ;`< fu;a;d ixl,amfhys .eUqre ufkda jsoHd;aul jsYaf,aIKh fuz ;`<ska meyeos,sju jsYo lrjSug o iu;a jS ;sfnz' tajd kuz fuz whqrska oelajsh yelsh' fuhska iqLx iqm;ss hkafkka iqjfia ; ksos ,nk nj o iqLx mgsnqcACO;s hkafkka iqj fia kskafoka wjosjk nj o k mdmlx iqmskx O; miai;s hkafkka kmqre isysk fkdolsk nj o ukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka usksiqkag m@shjk ; nj o wukqiaidkx msfhd fyd;s hkafkka wukqIHhskag m@shjk nj o foaj;d rlaLka;s hkqfjka fyd;s fojshka jsiska rlskq ,nk nj o kdiai w.a.s jd jsix jd iF:x jd lu;ss hkafkka .sks ji jsI lu; j,ska wk;`re fkdjk nj o ;`jgzgps;a;x iudOsh; hkafkka jyd is; iudOs .;jk nj o uqL ;s jKafKda jsmamiSo; hkafkka uqyqK m@sh ukdm jk nj o W;a;rsx wmamgsjscACOkaf;d ;s W;a n@yauf,dl~mf.d fyd;s wrAy;aM,h ,enSug wjldY uZo jqjfyd;a wksjdrAhfhkau urkska u;` f,dl~ n@yau f,dj Wm;a;sh ,nk nj o olajd ;sfnz' fujeks lreKq uZ.ska meyeos,s jkqfha fu;a;d ixl,amh ixcdkkh uZ.ska mqoa.,hd ,nkakd jQ udkisl" YdrSrsl" iudchSh yd fty f,#lsl oshqKqjhs' th lsishuz mqoa.,fhl` iudch ;`< yeisrSfuzoS tu mqoa.,hdf.a prAhd rgdj wkHhkaf.a m@idoh we;s jk whqrska ilia lsrSu wrNhd b;du;a jsYd, Okd;aul Wmia:uzNkhla ,nd fok nj meyeos,sju fmfkkkg ;sfnz' fuu ;;ajh lsishuz mqoa.,fhla wfmaCId lrkakd jQ iEu lreKla mdidu jsyso me;sr mej;Su fu;a;d ixl,amfhys mqZM,a iajNdjh fudkjg m@lg lrjhs' 81