3 CAMERA.ppt
- 2. CAMERA Is a light tight box; with lens to form an image; with shutter and diaphragm to control the entry of image ; a means of holding a film to record image
- 4. TYPES OF CAMERA BOX CAMERA Instamatic, simple to operate and least expensive of all cameras, with fixed shutter speed and fixed lens or diaphragm opening
- 5. TYPES OF CAMERA POLAROID CAMERA “Instant photography”perma nent black and white or color comes out. LIMITATION Cannot recopy print Cost of its specialized film
- 6. TYPES OF CAMERA SINGLE LENS REFLEX Show exactly what the lens is seeing.
- 7. TYPES OF CAMERA TWIN- LENS REFLEX Has two lenses, one above the other
- 8. TYPES OF CAMERA ULTRA MINIATURE CAMERA -Spy camera which is lightweight and compact and can be concealed in the palm of the hand
- 9. TYPES OF CAMERA DIGITAL CAMERA Digitalize the image which can then be put into a computer and enhanced through softwares
- 10. CAMERA PARTS
- 11. COMMON COMPONENTS Body: A light-tight compartment to house the recording medium (film or CCD). Lens: A transparent element to focus light rays onto the recording medium. Aperture: A method of controlling how much light reaches the recording medium. Shutter: A method of controlling how long the recording medium is exposed to the incoming light. Viewfinder: A way to see the image that is to be captured. Transport: In film cameras, a method of moving the film and holding it in the correct position.
- 12. PARTS OF CAMERA
- 20. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Light-Tight Box or Body- part of the camera that is very important because of its capability to exclude all the unwanted light that might exposed the film. Lens- a glass, plastic, or crystal optical element molded into a curved shape that can bend and focus rays of light; responsible for focusing the rays of light coming from the subject.
- 21. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Film Holder- holds the film firmly inside the camera
- 22. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Shutter- device used to control the amount of time during which light is allowed to enter the camera and register on the film or image sensor; serves as the barrier of the rays of light that will enter and affect the film inside the camera
- 23. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Shutter speed: B, 1, 2, 4, 8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 Number 1 stands for a whole second and the others are a fraction of a second.
- 24. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA The shutter speed of 125 is capable of stopping the movement of the subject. The shutter speed of 60, 125 and above is advisable to use when handholding the camera with a 50mm lens but if your lens is 300mm, use 500/sec or higher.
- 25. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Viewfinder- an optical or electrical device used to compose and frame a scene; shows the entire scene coverage that can be recorded in the film inside the camera; also called a view system, a finder or viewing screen
- 26. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Film Advancer & Lever- a mechanism for moving film from one spool to another incrementally one frame at a time
- 27. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Lens Aperture- an opening (diaphragm) in a light-blocking plate that allows light to strike the film or image sensors; the ratio between the diameter and focal length of the lens; the light gathering power of the lens. The diameter of the lens diaphragm can be changed by turning the aperture ring. This dictates the brightness of the image reaching the film. Moving to the nearest f-number either halves or doubles aperture size. Aperture size also affects depth of field. The higher the number, the smaller the lens opening. The smaller the lens opening, the greater the depth of field.
- 28. Refers to the opening of the lens measured by f- stops
- 29. APERTURE The opening in the shutter where the light passes
- 30. ESSENTIAL PARTS OF A CAMERA Focusing Mechanism- the sharpness or clearness of the objects being photographed will depend upon the focusing system of the camera. The focus is the physical point at which rays of light from a lens converge to form a properly defined image of the subject.
- 31. Open the back of the camera. This is usually done by pulling the rewind crank up. Camera Operation
- 32. Load the film cassette. The rewind crank must be lifted to enable the cassette to be inserted.
- 33. Push the rewind crank down and pull a short length of film out of the cassette.
- 34. Attach the film leader to the take-up spool. Most of the film leader can be inserted.
- 35. Fire the shutter, advance the film. The teeth must engage with the film sprocket holes.
- 36. Take up any slack in the film by rewinding the crank handle gently. Close the back securely.
- 37. Fire two blank shots and advance the film. Check the rewind crank turns each time you advance the film to ensure the film is advancing.
- 38. Set the film speed or ISO that appeared on the film cassette or box on the film speed selector. This is not moved again whilst exposing this roll of film.
- 39. Move the focusing ring back and forth until your subject appears as sharp as possible.
- 40. FOCUSING
- 41. Select a shutter speed. Usually nothing slower than 1/60th of a second unless you are using a tripod.
- 42. Adjust the aperture until you obtain the correct exposure.
- 43. Hold the camera firmly, frame your shot and press the shutter release gently.
- 44. Advance the film using the film advance lever. The shutter will only fire when full advanced.
- 45. When the last frame has been taken push the film rewind button.
- 46. Rewind the film smoothly back into the cassette, approximately one complete turn per frame.
- 47. When you feel the film tighten and then go slack or hear the noise of the film coming away from the take-up spool the film has rewound.
- 48. Remove the film from the camera by pulling the rewind crank up. If the film leader is still visible, mark the film to indicate that it is exposed.
- 49. Place the film back into its container until you are ready to process it. This will protect the film from moisture and dirt.
- 50. PROPER HANDLING 1. Hold the camera with the right hand placing the index finger on the shutter release button, thumb under the film advance lever and the remaining three fingers against the front of the camera.
- 51. 2. THE HEEL OF THE CAMERA MUST LIE ON THE PALM OF THE LEFT HAND. PROPER HANDLING
- 52. PROPER HANDLING 3. The placement of the rest of the body while taking photograph is as important as holding the camera.
- 54. PRONE POSITION
- 55. FILM SPEED Film sensitivity to light. It is measured in ASA, ISO or DIN
- 56. FILM SPEED LIGHTING CONDITION Bright Sun Hazy Sun Dull Sun ISO 100 1/125 f11 f8 f5.6 ISO 200 1/250 f11 f8 f5.6 1/125 f16 f11 f8 ISO 400 1/500 f11 f8 f5.6 1/250 f16 f11 F8 1/125 f22 f16 f11
- 57. FOCAL LENGTH the distance between the lens and the image sensor when the subject is in focus, usually stated in millimeters (e.g., 28 mm, 50 mm, or 100 mm).
- 58. DEPTH OF FIELD Depth of field is the amount of distance between the nearest and farthest objects that appear in acceptably sharp focus