3. ESS Systems and Feedback Notes
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A system is a set of interconnected parts that form a whole. An open system exchanges matter, energy, and information with its surroundings, while a closed system exchanges only energy. Feedback occurs when a system's output is used as its input and can be either negative, stabilizing systems, or positive, driving large-scale changes through reinforcing loops.
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3. ESS Systems and Feedback Notes
- 2. SYSTEM • A set of connected, interacting parts forming a complex whole
- 3. OPEN SYSTEM • Able to exchange matter, energy and information with their surroundings • Constantly changing though processes and relative outcomes relatively constant • Most common • Ex: Ecosystems, living organisms, ocean, etc.
- 4. CLOSED SYSTEM • Exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings • Water and Nitrogen cycles are pretty close to being closed systems • The Earth is a pretty much a closed system; receives energy from sun but does not really exchange matter with the universe
- 5. FEEDBACK • Occurs when the output of the system is used as an input in that system • Two types: Negative & Positive
- 6. NEGATIVE FEEDBACK • Tend to stabilize a system around a mean/average condition • Ex: Climate control/HVAC in your house Increased surface temperature Increased ocean evaporation Increased cloud cover More sun reflected back to space Decreased surface temperature Decreased ocean evaporation Decreased cloud cover Less sun reflected back to space
- 7. POSITIVE FEEDBACK • Increase a departure from the mean • Tend to drive large scale changes to the climate and environment Increased surface temperature Increased melting fo permafrost Increased surface temperature Increased ice melting Decreased albedo (reflected sun) More heat retainedRelease of methane Enhanced greenhouse effect