บทที่ 4 โครงสร้างคำสั่งควบคุม (Statement)
- 1. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡Îµ´ÉŠ‡ª‡»¤ 6WDWHPHQWV
- 2. Äœšš¸ÉŸµœ¤µ Á¦µÄ®‡ªµ¤œÄ‹„´‡nµ‡Šš¸É ˜ªÂž¦ ¨³˜´ª—εÁœ·œ„µ¦Ž¹ÉŠ°¥¼nÄœ¦¼ž…°Šœ·¡‹œr n o ´ ˜µŠÇ 宦´Äœšœ¸ÊÁ¦µ‹³Ä°›·µ¥Ã‡¦Š¦oµŠ‡ª‡»¤„µ¦šÎµŠµœ£µÄœÃž¦Â„¦¤—oª¥£µ¬µ n o ‹µ„š¸ÉÁ¦µš¦µªnµÄœ„µ¦šÎµ»—‡Îµ´ÉŠÄ—Ç‹³ž¦³„°—oª¥…´Êœ˜°œ®¨´„Ç…´Êœ˜°œ—´Š¦¼ž 3URFHVV 2XWSXW ,QSXW ¦¼žš¸É …´Êœ˜°œ®¨´„Äœ„µ¦ž¦³¤ª¨Ÿ¨ …´Êœ˜°œ„µ¦œÎµ…o°¤¼¨Á…oµ„µ¦ž¦³¤ª¨Ÿ¨Â¨³Â—ŠŸ¨¨´¡›r…´Êœ˜°œš´ÊŠ‹³Â—ŠÅªoÁž}œ¨Îµ—´ Ž¹ÉŠÂ—Š™¹ŠÂœª‡·—šµŠ˜¦¦„³ORJLFDOWKLQNLQJ
- 4. Äœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ …°Š»—‡Îµ´ÉŠÄ—Ç Äœ¨Îµ—´…°ŠÂœª‡·—šµŠ˜¦¦„³ Ž¹ÉŠÂ—Š™¹ŠÃ‡¦Š¦oµŠ‡ª‡»¤„µ¦šÎµŠµœ¤¸°¥n¼ ‡º° N ÂÁ¦¸¥Š¨Îµ—´VHTXHQWLDO
- 7. ÄœšÉ¸œ¸Ê‹³„¨nµª™¹Š¦µ¥¨³Á°¸¥—ª·›¸Ã‡¦Š¦oµŠ‡ª‡»¤ÂšµŠÁ¨º°„ ¨³Ã‡¦Š¦oµŠ‡ª‡»¤Â ªœŽÎµÊ ǦŠ¦oµŠÂšµŠÁ¨º°„ „µ¦š—°ÂšµŠÁ¨º°„Á„·—‹µ„„µ¦˜´ÊŠÁŠºÉ°œÅ…˜nµŠÇ ¨³šÎµ„µ¦š—°ÁŠº°œÅ…Ž¹ÉŠÂ˜n¨³ É ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…‹³¤¸šµŠÁ¨º°„Ä®o—εÁœ·œ„µ¦Â˜„˜nµŠ„´œÁnœ nªŠ‡³Âœœ Á„¦—š¸Å—o¦´ É ! $ % ' ) µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 8. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ Ánœ™oµ‡³Âœœ°Áž}œ‹³Å—oÁ„¦—Áž}œŽ¹ÉŠÁ„·—‹µ„„µ¦š—°¡ªnµ‡³Âœœš¸ÉÅ—o˜„°¥¼nÄœ nªŠ yÁž}œ‹¦·Š š´ÊŠœ¸Ê Ÿ¨¨´¡›r‹µ„„µ¦š—°Á„·—‹µ„„µ¦˜´—·œªnµœ·¡‹œrÁŠºÉ°œÅ…FRQGLWLRQDO H[SUHVVLRQ
- 9. Áž}œ ‹¦·Š®¦º°Áš‹Ã—¥Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o‹³Ä®o‡nµ Á¤º°¤¸‡µÁž}œv‹¦·Šw ¨³Ä®o‡µÁ¤°¤¸‡µÁž}œvÁš‹w È É n n ºÉ n È „µ¦š—°Ã‡¦Š¦µŠ‡ª‡»¤ÂšµŠÁ¨º°„Äœ£µ¬µ‹³Äo‡Îµ´ÉŠLI ¨³VZLWFK—´Šœ¸Ê o ‡Îµ´ÉŠLI ¦¼žÂ LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 10. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 11. ! „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´—´Šœ¸Ê S ‡°¤Å¡Á¨°¦£µ¬µ‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°œ·¡‹œrÁŠºÉ°œÅ…FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ
- 12. r Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Å—oŸ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š®¦º°Áš‹ · È S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦ŠÃž¦Â„¦¤‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠ®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡ · ‡Îµ´ÉŠ˜n°¤µ…°Š LI VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 14. S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œÁšÈ‹Ãž¦Â„¦¤‹³Å¤nœÄ‹Äœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠ®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Š ž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠ˜°¤µ…°Š LI ˜n‹³ÅžšÎµŠµœÄœ‡Îµ´ÉŠ™´—Åž‹µ„„¨»n¤‡Îµ´ÉŠLI n ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤š—°‡³Âœœš¸É¦´Á…oµ ‹µ„Ÿ¼oÄo ×¥„ε®œ—Ä®o°¥¼nÄœnªŠ ®µ„ ‹Îµœªœš¸Éž°œÁ…oµ¤µ¤¸‡nµ¤µ„„ªnµ®¦º°Ášnµ„´‹³¡·¤¡r…o°‡ªµ¤ªnµv3$66w˜n‹³Å¤n¡·¤¡r…o°‡ªµ¤Ä—Ç j Äœ„¦–¸°ºÉœ LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 15. ^ IORDWVFRUHBLQ SULQWI(QWHUVFRUH?Q
- 16. VFDQII VFRUHBLQ
- 18. LI VFRUHBLQ!
- 19. SULQWI?W3$66?Q
- 20. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 21. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É®œ¹Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ É Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É°Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ‹µ„˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É šÎµ„µ¦š—°Á¡·É¤ªnµ®µ„‡³Âœœš¸Éžj°œ¤¸‡µ¤µ„„ªnµÁ…µ‹³Å—o¦´ n Á„¦—$ nªœ‡³Âœœœ°„ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…—´Š„¨nµª‹³Å¤n¡·¤¡r…o°‡ªµ¤Ä—Ç LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 22. ^ IORDWVFRUHBLQ SULQWI(QWHUVFRUH?Q
- 23. VFDQII VFRUHBLQ
- 25. LIVFRUHBLQ!
- 26. SULQWI?W?3$66??Q
- 27. LIVFRUHBLQ!
- 29. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É®œ¹Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ É Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É°Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 30. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸Éµ¤š—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ ‡Îµ´ÉŠLIHOVH Äœ„µ¦š—°ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…µŠ„¦–¸ „ε®œ—Ä®ošÎµŠµœ°¥nµŠ®œ¹ÉŠÁ¤º°ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…Áž}œ‹¦·ŠÂ¨³šÎµŠµœ É °¥nµŠ°ºÉœÁ¤ºÉ°ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…Áž}œÁšÈ‹Äœ„¦–¸Ánœœ¸Êµ¤µ¦™ÄoLIœ·—¤¸HOVH Ž¹ÉŠ¤¸¦¼žÂ—´Šœ¸Ê ¦¼žÂ LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 31. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 32. ! HOVH VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 33. ! „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´—´Šœ¸Ê S ‡°¤Å¡Á¨°¦£µ¬µ‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°œ·¡‹œrÁŠºÉ°œÅ…FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ
- 34. r Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Å—oŸ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š®¦º°Áš‹ · È S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦ŠÃž¦Â„¦¤‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸É®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡ · ‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸ÉŽ¹ÉŠ˜n°‹µ„LI VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 35. S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œÁšÈ‹Ãž¦Â„¦¤‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸É®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡ ‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸ÉŽ¹ÉŠ˜n°‹µ„HOVH VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 36. µ¤µ¦™Á…¸¥œŸ´ŠŠµœÅ—o—´Šœ¸Ê ‹¦·Š œ¡‹œ˜¦¦„³ · r Áš‹ È ‡Îµ´Š É ‡Îµ´Š É ¦¼žš¸É —ŠŸ´ŠŠµœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š‡Îµ´ÉŠLIHOVH µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 37. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤š—°‹Îµœªœš¸É¦´Á…oµ‹µ„Ÿ¼oÄo×¥„ε®œ—Ä®o°¥¼nÄœnªŠÂ¨³šÎµ„µ¦ š—°ªnµ‹Îµœªœ—´Š„¨nµª¤µ„„ªnµ®¦º°Ášnµ„´®¦º°œo°¥„ªnµ LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 38. ^ LQW[ SULQWI(QWHUWKHQXPEHU
- 39. VFDQIG [
- 41. LI[!
- 43. HOVH SULQWI7KHYDOXHRI;LVORZHUWKDQ?Q
- 44. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É®œ¹Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ É Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É°Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ ‹µ„˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É¥„¤µ…oµŠ˜oœ‹³Á®Èœªnµž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸˜µ¤®¨ŠLI ®¦º° HOVH Áž}œž¦³Ã¥‡Ã—— Ç É ´ ˜nÁ¦µµ¤µ¦™Á…¸¥œ„¨»n¤‡Îµ´ÉŠ˜µ¤®¨´Š LI ®¦º° HOVH Å—o „¨»n¤‡Îµ´ÉŠ—´Š„¨nµª˜o°ŠÁ…¸¥œÅªo£µ¥Ä˜o¨È°‡ ¨È°‡Â˜¨³¨È°‡‹³…¹Êœ˜oœ—oª¥Á‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ t^t¨³žd——oª¥Á‡¦ºÉ°Š®¤µ¥ t`u
- 45. n µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 46. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ‹µ„ަ„¦¤š¸É®µ„‹Îµœªœš¸É¦´Á…oµ¤µ¤µ„„ªnµ®¦º°Ášµ„´Ä®o®µ‡nµ„ε¨´Šµ¤…°Š n ‹Îµœªœœ´Êœœ°„œ´ÊœÄ®o®µ‡nµ„ε¨´Š°Š LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 47. ^ LQW[ ORQJ SULQWI(QWHUWKHQXPEHU
- 48. VFDQIG [
- 50. LI[!
- 51. ^ SULQWI7KHYDOXHRI;LVKLJKHUWKDQRUHTXDO?Q
- 52. [ [ SULQWI7KHYDOXHRI; ; ; OG?Q [
- 53. ` (QGLI HOVH ^ SULQWI7KHYDOXHRI;LVORZHUWKDQ?Q
- 55. ` (QGHOVH UHWXUQ (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É®œ¹Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ É Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É°Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµ µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 56. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ‡Îµ´ÉŠ,IŽo°œ ‹µ„˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ¡ªnµ‡³Âœœš¸ÉŤnŸnµœÁ„–”r‡°œo°¥„ªnµ œ´Êœ„È¥´Š˜o°ŠŸnµœ„µ¦š—°ªnµ º Å—o$ ®¦º°Å¤nŽ¹ÉŠŸ¼Áo …¸¥œÃž¦Â„¦¤Å¤‡ª¦šÎµÁnœœ´ÊœÁ¡¦µ³Å¤nÄ®ož¦³Ã¥œrÄ—ÇÁ¦µ‡ª¦„ε®œ—ªnµÁŒ¡µ³ n Ÿ¼o°˜µ¤Á„–”rÁšµœ´Êœ ‹¹Š‹³¤¸·š›·ÍÁ…oµšÎµ„µ¦š—°ªnµÅ—o $ ®¦º°Å¤n „µ¦šÎµŠµœš¸ÉÁžœ„µ¦š—° n } ¨ε—´˜n°ÁœºÉ°ŠœÊ¸ µ¤µ¦™Á…¸¥œÃ—¥Äo,IÂŽo°œ ¦¼žÂ LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 57. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 58. ! HOVH LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 59. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 60. ! HOVH LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 61. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 62. ! HOVH LI FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 63. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 64. ! HOVH VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 65. ! „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´—´Šœ¸Ê S ‡°¤Å¡Á¨°¦£µ¬µ‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°œ·¡‹œrÁŠºÉ°œÅ…šÉ¸ FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ
- 66. r Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Å—oŸ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š®¦º°Áš‹ · È S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š ަ„¦¤‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸É ®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡ · ‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸ÉVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 68. ¨³Á¦È‹·Êœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š‡Îµ´ÉŠLI S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œÁšÈ‹‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°œ·¡‹œrÁŠºÉ°œÅ…šÉ¸ FRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ
- 69. Ž¹ÉŠ‹³Å—oŸ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š®¦º°Áš‹ · È S ®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œ‹¦Š ަ„¦¤‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸É ®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡ · ‡Îµ´ÉŠš¸ÉVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 71. ¨³Á¦È‹·Êœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š‡Îµ´ÉŠLI S „µ¦š—°¨Îµ—´™´—Åž®µ„Ÿ¨¨´¡›rÁž}œÁšÈ‹ ‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°Äœ¨´„¬–³…oµŠ˜oœÂ¨³ šÎµÁnœœ¸ÊÅžÁ¦ºÉ°¥Ç‹œ‹»—‡Îµ´ÉŠLI µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 72. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤Â—Š„µ¦‡Îµœª–®µ‡³ÂœœÁŒ¨¸É¥Â¨³Á„¦—š¸ÉÅ—o¦´Ã—¥Ä‡Îµ´ÉŠLIŽo°œ—´ŠÁŠºÉ°œ o Å…˜n°Åžœ¸Ê nªŠ‡³Âœœ Á„¦—š¸Å—o¦´ É ! $ % ' ) LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 73. ^ IORDWVFRUHBLQVFRUHBLQVFRUHBLQDYHUDJH SULQWI(QWHUDOOVFRUHV
- 76. LIDYHUDJH!
- 77. SULQWIRXUDYHUDJHVFRUHLV?WI?WVRRXUJUDGH $?QDYHUDJH
- 78. HOVH LIDYHUDJH!
- 79. SULQWIRXUDYHUDJHVFRUHLV?WI?WVRRXU JUDGH %?QDYHUDJH
- 80. HOVH LIDYHUDJH!
- 81. SULQWIRXUDYHUDJHVFRUHLV?WI?WVR RXUJUDGH ?QDYHUDJH
- 82. HOVH LIDYHUDJH!
- 83. SULQWIRXUDYHUDJHVFRUHLV ?WI?WVRRXUJUDGH '?QDYHUDJH
- 84. HOVH SULQWIRXUDYHUDJHVFRUHLV ?WI?WVRRXUJUDGH )?QDYHUDJH
- 85. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 86. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ Ÿ¨š¸Å—o¦´ É VZLWFK „µ¦š—°ÂšµŠÁ¨º°„…oµŠ˜oœÁžœ„µ¦š—°Äœ¨´„¬–³šµŠÁ¨º°„°ŠšµŠÂ˜nÁ¦µµ¤µ¦™ } Á…¸¥œ„µ¦š—°Â®¨µ¥šµŠÁ¨º°„Å—o ×¥ÄoVZLWFK ¦¼žÂ VZLWFKH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 87. ^ FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 88. ! FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 89. ! FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 90. ! « FDVHFDVHODEHOQVWDWHPHQWOLVWQV
- 91. ! GHIDXOWVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 92. ! ` ®¤µ¥Á®˜» GHIDXOWœ´Êœ°µ‹Äo®¦º°Å¤„Å—o nÈ „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµ„µ¦š—°œ·¡‹œrÄœ‡Îµ´ÉŠ VZLWFK ¨³œÎµŸ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o‹µ„„µ¦š—°¤µ Áž¦¥Áš¸¥„´ODEHOĜ˜n¨³FDVH ®µ„Ťn¡‹³ÅžšÎµŠµœš¸É GHIDXOW ®¨´Š„µ¦šÎµŠµœÄœ‡Îµ´ÉŠ FDVH˜n ¸ ¨³˜´ª ަ„¦¤‹³Åžš—°‡Îµ´ÉŠFDVH ˜´ª™´—Åž Ž¹ÉŠÅ¤nÄn‡ªµ¤ž¦³Š‡r…°ŠŸ¼oÁ…¸¥œÃž¦Â„¦¤ —´Š œ´ÊœÁ¡ºÉ°Ä®oÁ¦È‹·Êœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœÄœ‡Îµ´ÉŠFDVH Á¦µ‹¹Š¤´„œ·¥¤Än‡Îµ´ÉŠ EUHDN˜µ¤®¨´ŠÂ˜n¨³FDVH —´Šœ¸Ê VZLWFKH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 93. ^ FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 94. ! EUHDN FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 95. ! EUHDN FDVHFDVHODEHOVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 96. ! EUHDN « FDVHFDVHODEHOQVWDWHPHQWOLVWQV
- 97. ! EUHDN GHIDXOWVWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 98. ! ` µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 99. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤Á¡ºÉ°šÎµ„µ¦šµ¥ªnµÁ¨…×—
- 100. š¸°¥¼nĜċ…°ŠŸ¼oÄo‡º°‹ÎµœªœÄ— É Ã—¥¤¸ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…Ä®oŸÄož°œ…o°¤¼¨—´Šœ¸Ê ¼o j S žj°œ®¦º°Äœ„¦–¸˜°Åžœ¸Ê n S ®µ„‹Îµœªœš¸Éœ¹„°¥¼nÁž}œ‹Îµœªœ‡¼n S ®µ„‹Îµœªœš¸Éœ¹„°¥¼nÁž}œ‹Îµœªœ‡¸É S žj°œ‡nµÁ«¬š¸ÉÅ—o‹µ„„µ¦®µ¦‹Îµœªœ—´Š„¨nµª—oª¥™oµ®µ¦¨Š˜´ªÄ®o¦³»Á«¬Ážœ } ª·›„µ¦‡·— ¸ Á¨…×— ‹Îµœªœ‡¼n ‡¸É Á«¬…°Š‹Îµœªœš¸É®µ¦—oª¥ µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 101. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 102. ^ LQWGLJLWRGGRUHYHQPRGE SULQWI7SHLIHYHQDQGLIRGG?Q
- 103. VFDQIG RGGRUHYHQ
- 105. VFDQIG PRGE
- 106. VZLWFKRGGRUHYHQ
- 107. ^ FDVHVZLWFKPRGE
- 108. ^ FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN ` (QGFDVH EUHDN FDVHVZLWFKPRGE
- 109. ^ FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN FDVHGLJLW EUHDN ` (QGFDVH EUHDN ` (QGVZLWFK SULQWI?WRXUGLJLWLVG?QGLJLW
- 110. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É®œ¹Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµÂ¨³ É µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 111. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o‹µ„„„µ¦¦´œÃž¦Â„¦¤‡¦´ÊŠš¸É°Šš—°Ã—¥Än‡nµÂ¨³ ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡ª‡»¤ÂªœŽÎµ Ê ™oµµŠnªœ…°Š»—‡Îµ´ÉŠÄœÃž¦Â„¦¤¤„µ¦šÎµŠµœŽÎµ¤µ„„ªnµ ‡¦´Š Á¦µ‹³ÄoǦŠ¦µŠ‡ª ¸ Ê Ê o ‡»¤ÂªœŽÎµŽ¹ÉŠ£µ¬µ¤¸¦¼žÂ„µ¦Á…¸¥œ‡Îµ´ÉŠ‡ª‡»¤ÂªœŽÎµÅ—oÄœ®¨µ¥¨´„¬–³—´Šœ¸Ê Ê Ê ªŠªœIRU ¦¼žÂ IRULQLWLDOFRQGLWLRQ!WHVWFRQGLWLRQ!ORRSRSHUDWLRQ!
- 112. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 113. ! „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµ˜µ¤¨Îµ—´—´Šœ¸Ê D
- 115. „µ¦š—°WHVWFRQGLWLRQ! Á¡ºÉ°„ε®œ—ÁŠºÉ°œÅ…„µ¦šÎµŠµœ‡º° N ™oµÁž}œÁšÈ‹‹³Á¦È‹„µ¦šÎµŠµœÄœªŠªœIRU N ™oµÁž}œ‹¦Š ‹³šÎµŠµœÄœž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠ ®¦º°„¨»n¤…°Šž¦³Ã¥‡‡Îµ´ÉŠÄœ»—…° · ŠªŠªœ IRU F
- 117. µ¤µ¦™Á…¸¥œŸ´ŠŠµœÅ—o—´Šœ¸Ê —´œ¸ªœŽÎʵ‡nµÁ¦·É¤˜oœ —´œ¸ªœŽÎʵ ‡nµ»—šoµ¥ ‹¦·Š —´Šœ¸ªœŽÎʵ ‡Îµ´ÉŠVWDWHPHQW
- 118. …o°¤¼¨¨Îµ—´™´—¨Š¤µ ÁšÈ‹ ‹¦·Š —´œ¸ªŠŽÎʵ ‡nµ»—šoµ¥ ÁšÈ‹ ¦¼žš¸É —ŠŸ´ŠŠµœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š‡Îµ´ÉŠIRU µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 119. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤¡·¤¡r„¦°¸ÁÉ ®¨¸É¥¤ŸºœŸoµ …œµ—„ªoµŠ ˜ª°´„¬¦ ¼Š ˜ª°´„¬¦ ¨³Ä®o ´ ´ ¡·¤¡r…o°‡ªµ¤ H[DPSOHŪĜ¦¦š´—š¸É°Š ץĮo¡·¤¡r„¦°—oª¥°´„…¦³v w o LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 120. ^ LQWFRXQW SULQWI?W
- 121. IRUFRXQW FRXQW FRXQW
- 122. ^ SULQWI
- 123. ` (QGIRU SULQWI?Q
- 124. SULQWI?W (;$03/( ?Q
- 125. IRUFRXQW FRXQW FRXQW
- 126. ^ SULQWI?W ?Q
- 127. ` (QGIRU SULQWI?W
- 128. IRUFRXQW FRXQW FRXQW
- 129. ^ SULQWI
- 130. ` (QGIRU SULQWI?Q
- 131. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 132. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É ަ„¦¤¡·¤¡r˜µ¦µŠŸ¨‡¼–…°Š˜´ªÂž¦L¨³M×¥L¨³M¤¸‡µ˜ŠÂ˜n™¹Š n ´Ê LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 133. ^ LQWLM IRUL L L
- 134. ^ SULQWI?Q
- 135. IRUM M M
- 136. ^ SULQWI?WGL M
- 137. ` (QGIRUM ` (QGIRUL UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o ªŠªœZKLOH Ÿ¼oÄo°µ‹´ŠÁ„˜Á®Èœªnµ„µ¦Á…¸¥œÁŠºÉ°œÅ…ÄœªŠªœ IRU ‡n°œ…oµŠš¸É‹³¤¸¨´„¬–³ÁŒ¡µ³ Á‹µ³‹Š ‡º° ˜°Šš¦µ‹Îµœªœ‡¦´ÊŠš¸‹³šÎµŽÎµ ˜nÄœµŠ‡¦´ÊŠ°µ‹˜o°Š„µ¦Á…¸¥œÁŠºÉ°œÅ…Á¡ºÉ°Ä®o o É Ê šÎµŠµœÄœªŠªœš¸É¤¸¨´„¬–³¥º—®¥»nœ Ánœ ‹³šÎµŠµœÄœªŠªœ ™oµ®µ„‡nµš¸¦´Á…oµÅ¤nÄn«¼œ¥r ®¦º° É Å¤nš¦µ‹Îµœªœ‡¦´ÊŠš¸‹³šÎµŠµœÄœªŠªœÄœ„¦–¸œ¸Ê‡ª¦ÄoªŠªœZKLOHšÎµŠµœÂšœªŠªœIRU É ¦¼žÂ ZKLOHFRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ!
- 138. VWDWHPHQWOLVWV
- 139. ! „µ¦šÎµŠµœ‹³šÎµŠµœÄœªŠªœZKLOH˜¦µÁšnµš¸œ·¡‹œrFRQGLWLRQDOH[SUHVVLRQ
- 140. Áž}œ‹¦·Š É µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 141. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ µ¤µ¦Á…¸¥œŸ´ŠŠµœÅ—o—´Šœ¸Ê œ·¡‹œr˜¦¦„³ ‹¦·Š ‡Îµ´Š É ÁšÈ‹ ¦¼žš¸É —ŠŸ´ŠŠµœ„µ¦šÎµŠµœ…°Š‡Îµ´ÉŠZKLOH ˜´ª°¥nµŠš¸É Äœ„µ¦¡·‹µ¦–µhQ˜o°Š„µ¦š¦µªnµ¡‹œrššÎµÄ®oŸ¨¦ª¤—´Š„¨nµª¤¸‡µÁ„·œ¦o°¥ ¸É n Áž}œ¡‹œr¦„‡º°‡nµ°³Å¦Â¨³‡nµŸ¨¦ª¤œ´Êœ‡º°°³Å¦ LQFOXGHVWGLRK! PDLQ
- 142. ^ LQWVXPQ VXP Q ZKLOHVXP
- 143. ^ Q VXP Q ` (QGZKLOH SULQWI?Q?WQ?WG?Q?W6XP?WG?QQVXP
- 144. UHWXUQ ` (QGPDLQ Ÿ¨¨´¡›rš¸ÉÅ—o µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸
- 145. „µ¦Ãž¦Â„¦¤ÁºÊ°Š˜œ—ª¥£µ¬µ o o šš¸É ǦŠ¦oµŠ‡µŠ‡ª‡»¤ Î ´É œª¨œ—µŠªœªŠ¬rš°Š ®œoµ  f„®´— ‹ŠÂž¨Š°Š«µ¢µÁ¦œÅ±—rÄ®oÁž}œ°Š«µÁŽ¨ÁŽ¸¥Ã—¥Äo¼˜¦
- 146. I
- 147. š´Šœ¸Ê®¤µ¥™¹Š°Š«µ Ê ÁŽ¨ÁŽ¸¥ ¨³) ®¤µ¥™¹Š°Š«µ¢µÁ¦œÅ±—r ¨³„ε®œ—¦¼žÂŸ¨¨´¡›r—´Šœ¸Ê )$5(1+,7((/,86 ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;!; Ä®oÁ…¸¥œÃž¦Â„¦¤ªnµže‡«š¸œÄ‹Áž}œže°›·„ªµ¦OHDSHDU
- 148. ®¦º°Å¤n Ž¹ÉŠže°›·„ªµ¦‹³®µ¦—oª¥¨Š É ˜´ªÂ˜n®µ¦—oª¥Å¤n¨Š˜´ª ®¦º°Áž}œže‡«Ž¹ÉŠ®µ¦¨Š˜´ª—oª¥ ‹°®rœÂ¨³‹·¤¨Š¤´‡¦¦´Á¨°„˜´ÊŠÁž}œž¦³›µœœ´„Á¦¸¥œœ´„Á¦¸¥œš¸É¤·š›·¨Š‡³Âœœ¤¸‹Îµœªœ º ¸ ‡œŽ¹ÉŠ‹³œ´‡³Âœœš¸É˜n¨³‡œÅ—o¦´‹µ„ŸŠÂžjœ°´„…¦³‹³˜´—·œªnµŸ¼oÄ—œ³„Șn°Á¤ºÉ°Áž°¦rÁŽœ˜r …°ŠŸ¼o°°„Á¸¥ŠÄ®o„nŸ¼o¤´‡¦‡œœ´Êœ¤µ„„ªnµ°¸„‡œ®œ¹ÉŠ ‹Š®µŸ¨ª„…°Š«Q×¥¦´‡nµQ‹µ„Ÿ¼oÄo ‹Š®µªnµ‹ÎµœªœÁ˜È¤ª„š¸¦´Á…oµ¤µ‡º°‹ÎµœªœÁŒ¡µ³ É µ…µ‡°¤¡·ªÁ˜°¦r ™µ´œnŠÁ¦·¤„µ¦°œª·š¥µ«µ˜¦r¨³Áš‡ÃœÃ¨¥¸