41.Effect of organic amendments on the Biochemical transformations under different soil conditions

I.J.A.B.R., VOL. 2(1) 2012:171-173 ISSN 2250 - 3579
171
Short Communication
EFFECT OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS ON THE BIO CHEMICAL
TRANSFORMATIONS UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL CONDITIONS
a
Thamaraiselvi, T., b
Brindha, S., c
Kaviyarasi, N. S., d
Annadurai, B. & d
Gangwar, S. K.
a
Department of Biochemistry, Government Arts College for women, Krishnagiri,Tamilnadu,India.
b
Department of Bioinformatics, New Prince Arts and Science College, Chennai,India.
c
Department of Biochemistry, Bangalore City College, Bangalore, India
d
Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Biotechnology Team, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources,
Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
ABSTRACT
In recent investigations, the addition of organic amendments is a best and cheapest source for the soil to counteract the
toxicity of soil. During this work, it was explained briefly about how the organic manures provide benefits for the soil. The
experiments were conducted with three soils each treated with four treatments of organic amendments representative
samples were drawn on 0, 10, 20 and 30 days after incubation analyzed for pH, EC, organic carbon N, P & K . Instead of
chemical fertilizer using organic amendments prevents hazards in soil Environment; improve soil multiplication protection
of human being from environmental pollution.
KEYWORDS: organic amendments, different soil, chemical fertilizer, soil multiplication, electrical conductivity, pH etc.
INTRODUCTION
Integrated nutrient management and organic waste are
the latest alteration among the soil scientists,
biotechnologists and biochemist of the universe.
Organicmanuring in one of the cheapest and best method
of improving the biological, physical and chemical
properties of the soil (Ravikumar and Krishnamoorthy,
1980). The efficiency of these organic amendments is
more prominent under saline, alkali and saline- alkali
soil conditions than in a normal soil. Usage of the
organic wasters not only improves the soil multiplication
of fauna and flora these by the soil health but also paves
the environmental pollution.
The objectives of the practical contained in this manual
is to provide an overall knowledge on soil testing and the
ways of working out fertilizer recommendations to the
crop by important procedure the purpose of soil testing is
not only this it helps to identify soil hazards like soil
acidity salinity alkalinity. Hence procedures for
identifying these hazards are also presented in this
manual in addition to the procedure for testing the soil
for its macronutrient availability status collection of a
representative soil sample from the field for obtaining
maximum precision in the analysis in of greater
importance in a soil treating programmed. The addition
of organic amendments in soil not only improves the
physical properties. But also improves the availability of
nutrients, organic carbon and certain exchange capacity
of the soil (Singh et al., 1980, Salviakumari, 1981).
Organic amendments like poultry manure farmyard
manure and composted coir pith and press mud were
superior to improving the physical property of soil.
Using chemical fertilizer poses problem like toxicity due
to high amount of salts as a residue of fertilizers.
Impairing the aeration and soil water plant relationship is
resulting in decrease productivity (Babhulkar et al.,
2000). Organic wastes especially coir waste was
attributed to the improvement of soil physical condition
by improving the soil structure and also soil salinity
research center. Trichy clearly proved that coir waste can
be used for problematic soil for improving the soil and
for conserving moisture application (Ramasamy and
Sreeamulu,1983) of farmyard manure increased physical
structure continuous application of (FYM) farmyard
manure influenced the physical and chemical properties
of soil as well as crop yield (Kumaresan et al., 1984).
Keeping in mind the above points, an experiment was
carried out to findout the effect of organic amendments
on the pH and EC, of normal alkali and saline alkali
soils. To study the variations in the available nutrients
status as influenced by imposition of organic wastes. In
addition to this to find out the effect of amendments on
the soil by organic amendments and its effect on the
organic carbon content under different soil conditions.
MATERIALS & METHODS
A laboratory experiment was carried out to assess the
effect of organic amendments on bio chemical change
under different soil conditions. Collection of normal soil
from field, Alkali soil and Saline - alkali soil. Collection
of organic amendments from difference industries i.e.
Farmyard manure, Poultry manure, Composted coir pith
and Press mud.

Organic amendment on the soil
172
Estimation of available n in soils by alkaline KMNO4
method
20gm soil was weighed and transferred in to a
distillation flask then 20ml of distilled water, 100ml of
2.5% NaOH were added the contents distilled a steady
rate collecting the liberate ammonia in a 250ml beaker
containing with double indicator the distillation was
continued for about 30 minutes until 100ml distillate was
collected in the beaker.
Estimation of organic carbon
One gram of soil was weighed (finely powered and
sieved in 0.2mm sieve) in to a 500 conical flask. Add to
10ml of 1NK2 Cr2O7 and swirled the flask. The flask
was kept on an asbestos mat or on a wire gauge. Added
20ml of concentrated H2SO4 and swirled the flask. It was
allowed to stand for 30 minutes and then 200ml of
distilled H2O (to arrest further oxidation) and 10ml of
orthophosphoric acid (85%) (to stabilize the oxidation
potential of Fe SO4 during titration) were Then 1 ml of
dishenyl amine indicator was added with ferrous
ammonium sulphate (0.5N) or ferrous sulphate (0.5N)
solution till the blue colour turns green. A blank (without
soil) also run simultaneously.
Estimation of available phosphorus in soil
The five gram of soil was weighed and transferred in to a
100 ml of polythene shaking bottle (Run a blank side by
side). Then add a pinch of dargo G.60 (or activated
adjusted to 8.5) shaken in a reciprocating mechanical
shaker. For 30 minutes. Then beaker or test tube (the
filtrate should be clear and colorless). From that 5 ml of
the filtrate was pipetted out into a 25ml of volumetric
flask. The solution was diluted in the 25ml of volumetric
flask to about 20ml of distilled water. Then 4ml of
reagent b was added and made the volume to 25ml after
waiting for 10 minutes for color to develop the intensity
the blue color (percent transmittance of the solution) was
measured in a photo electric using a red filter (660 nm
wave length) and adjusting the matter to 100%
transmittance with the blank. From the standard curve
for p, the concentration of (ppm) in the solution was
found out against the percent transmittance observed in
the above step.
Estimation of available potassium in soils
Five gram of soil was weighed and transferred in to a
100ml polythene shaking bottle. Then 35ml of neutral N
NH4 OAC was added and shaken in a mechanical
reciprocating shaker for 5 minutes. Filtered through dry
what man no. 40 filter paper collecting the filtered in a
dry test tube or beaker. The amount of K in the filtered
was measured in the flame photometer.
Determination of pH and EC
20 gram of soil was weighed and transferred in to a
100ml of beaker and 40ml of distilled water was added.
It was stirred were with glass rod and allowed it to stand
for 12 hr with stirring. Adjusted pH meter with buffer
solution, washed electrodes with a jet of water and
carefully wiped dry with a piece of filter paper.
Immersed the electrodes in the beaker contained soil and
water suspension and changed the function switch to the
particulars pH range (0.7 or 7-14). The meter readings
corresponding to the pH value of the sample were
recorded.
Estimation of electrical conductivity
20 gram of soil was weighed and transferred in to a 10ml
of beaker. Added 40ml of water, stirred it well and
allowed to stand for help an hour alternatively, the soil
water suspension prepared in pH determination was used
switched on conductivity bridge checked the interest
with saturated CaSO4 solution and 0.01N KCl solution
(E.C.2.2m.m. hoscm respectively) before proceeding
with the sample washed the electrodes with distilled
water. Immersed them in to the soil suspension. The
multiplier switch was stet at an intermediated position
and rotated the main dial control, until the magic eye of
the null indicator was at its widest. The multiplier was
set switch at another position and repeated. The readings
of the scale at this position multiplied by the value of the
multiplier switch position indicate the electrical
conductivity. This was multiplied by the cell constant
noted on the cell itself, to get specific conductivity
RESULTS
The results obtained by the effect of organic amendment
on biochemical changes in three different soil conditions.
pH – During the period of incubation from 0, 10, 20, and
30 days, no appreciable change in pH could be observed.
EC - in an indicator of salt concentration in the soil
solution. Among the organic amendments all the four
manures were effective in reducing EC value in all soils
when compare with control. Organic carbon organic
carbon content increases the addition of organic manures
in all the soil. Available N – is a most important major
nutrient highly essential for all crops in the present
investigation application of organic amendments
significantly increased the available nitrogen when
compared to the control was shown in the figure.
Available phosphorus it is a 2nd
important essential
element for successful crop growth the period of
incubation has got little effect on 30th
day of incubation
the effect was more prominent with press mud.
Available K in a most important key element which is
essential for strength to crop in the experiment results, it
was not affected by the any of the amendment.

I.J.A.B.R., VOL. 2(1) 2012:171-173 ISSN 2250 - 3579
173
FIGURE 1. Effect of organic amendments on available N in different soil conditions
DISCUSSION
In prevailing, organic manure are receiving much attention
because of their sustained soil health in terms of fertility
survival new field of preparing organic manure very often
initiated its contribution to the field of agriculture and it
pollution control its far reaching organic waste attributed
to the improvement of soil physical condition by
improving the soil structure and also influenced the
physical and chemical properties of soil as well as crop
yield. Economically it paves way for small Scale industries
for production of organic manure.
REFERENCES
Babhulkar, P. S.Wandle, W. P., Badole and Balapande, S.
S. (2000) Residual Effect of long term application of FYM
and of utilizes on soil properties and field of soyabean.
J.I.S.S.S. Vol. 48(1): 89-92.
Kumaresan, K. R., Dhakshinamoorthy, M., Subramaniyan,
V. and Manikam, T.S. (1984) Effect of Agriculture and
industrial waste on the availability of nutrients and yield
of groundnut. Madras Agri. J.,71(12):783-787.
Ramaswami, P. P. and Sreeramulu, U. S. (1983) Efficient
of industrial waste for moisture conservation and yield.
Proceeding of National Seminar on utilization of organic
waste. 101-103. Tamilnadu Agri. Univ. College and Res.
Institute Madurai.
Ravikumari, V. and Krishnamoorthy, K.K. (1980) Effect
of soil amendments on the chemical properties of vertisol
and yield of finger millet. Millet. Madras Agri. J. 67:369-
374.
Selvakumari, G. (1981) Studies on the effect of PK and
FYM on soil properties nutrition and yield of crops viz.
Sorghum and bajara in fixed rotation Ph.D. dissertation.
Tamilnadu Agri. Univ., Coimbatore.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3 S1 S2 S3
Available Nitrogen
S 1Normal soil S2 Alkali soil S3 Saline
Alkali soil

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