![The Public Sector
• Direct administration funded through
taxation
• Publicly owned corporations
• Partial outsourcing [of public projects]
• Government grants for cultural and
scientific programs](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/5chuang-101115033229-phpapp02/85/5-chuang-7-320.jpg)
5 chuang
- 1. Public Licenses for the Public Sector: Some Experience from Taiwan 22nd International CODATA Conference October 24-27, 2010 Cape Town, South Africa Tyng-Ruey Chuang Institute of Information Science, and Research Center for Information Technology Innovation Academia Sinica, Taiwan
- 2. Outline • Public Licenses • The Public Sector – government departments – publicly owned corporations – publicly funded cultural and scientific programs • Some Experience from Taiwan
- 3. Disclaimer My observations and opinions are my own. They not necessarily represent those of my employer or any of the organizations or projects in which I am involved.
- 4. Public Licensing • Rights to use a work are granted to the public in advance with an agreement – the public are free to make copies, for example • The license is worldwide, royalty-free, non- exclusive, and irrevocable • Some pre-conditions may apply – such as attribution, non-commercial, or “no derivatives” • Public licenses are not necessarily “open” – licenses may restrict reuse and redistribution
- 5. Popular Public Licenses • GNU General Public License • GNU Free Documentation License • BSD License • Creative Commons (CC) Licenses – CC Attribution (CC BY) – CC Attribution — ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) – Public Domain Dedication (CC0)
- 6. Collaborative Works + Public Licenses • Collaborative Works – works created and used by multiple members at the same time; member composition is fluid and indefinite – materials contributed by collaborators and/or taken from other sources – the outcome is of high social and/or economic value • How to access the output of a collaboration? • All participants agree to a particular public license for the outcome of their collaboration – whoever agrees to the license can participate – the right to make modifications, and the obligation to share the modifications likewise
- 7. The Public Sector • Direct administration funded through taxation • Publicly owned corporations • Partial outsourcing [of public projects] • Government grants for cultural and scientific programs
- 8. Public Sector Information + Public Licenses • Public Sector Information – data and documents created and used by the public sector – high social and/or economic value – often made available but not necessarily open to (re)use – status of copyright and other rights varies by jurisdictions • Access to Public Sector Information – availability and accessibility – copy and distribution – remix and redistribution • Public Licenses for Public Sector Information – shall allow for remix and redistribution, even for commercial purposes – CC BY, CC BY-SA, CC0
- 9. Case Study: Public Television Service • Overseen by a publicly funded foundation • Original contents and news programs for five television channels nation-wise (free access) • Website and citizen media (peopo.org) • CC License usage – in a portal of selected news program footage (cc.pts.org.tw) – by citizen media contributors (peopo.org)
- 12. Case Study: Research/Culture Institutions • Publicly funded “content holders” • Research results – regulated by the “Fundamental Science and Technology Act”; institutions can keep IPR • Culture heritage collections – copyrights to artifacts may be in the public domain; problem of orphan works • Data – issues of availability and accessibility; the datasets may be raw, cataloged, or curated
- 15. Case Study: Government Publications • To make them more accessible, and to produce them in less cost; “More fun, less work” • Various types of government publications • Old publications (“historical problem”) and new publications (“new process”) • The need for best practices • The need for educational programs on public licensing in the public sector; face-to-face seminars and guidebooks on CC licenses
- 17. Observations • CC Licenses are getting popular – questions about details; licenses not “cure all” • Issues of liability – how to resolve potential conflicts, and how to take responsibility “if something goes wrong”? • In-house counsel; sustainability model – the path from “good idea” to “good practice” • Learning from the neighbors • Policy decisions have great implications – few major policy decisions so far, however
- 18. What about data? • Research/culture institutions – availability and accessibility (often) – copy and distribution (usually) – remix and redistribution (rarely) • Government departments – availability and accessibility (usually) – copy and distribution (rarely) – remix and redistribution (very rarely)
- 19. Case Study: Survey Research Data Archive • SRDA: An Academia Sinica center that curates social science survey datasets • Datasets acquisition and release process – National Science Council requires grant recipients to deposit survey data (codebook, datasets, etc.) at SRDA when grants end – Researchers set release date at the time of deposit (no later than 3 years after the deposit) – SRDA fulfills public requests for its datasets • Only “academic” members of SRDA have access to the datasets, however
- 20. Perspectives • Need new strategies to get major policy changes in opening up PSI – dealing with bureaucratic reality – bottom-up and top-down approaches • Is the legislative approach a good option? – openness is more of a cultural than a legal nature • Joining force from the open standards and free software communities • Voices from the younger generations (also in the public sector)
- 21. Thanks • Academia Sinica • The Council for Cultural Affairs (CCA) • Computer Center, Ministry of Education (CC/MOE) • Taiwan Public Television Service Foundation (PTS) • The Research, Development, and Evaluation Commission (RDEC) • Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archive Program (TELDAP) • Intellectual Property Office, Ministry of Economic Affairs (TIPO) and many more