5 Standards-based Content Resources: A Prerequisite for Content Integration and Content Interoperability
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The document discusses the need for global content interoperability of repositories based on open standards, particularly for individuals with special needs. It emphasizes the importance of standardization in data models, metadata, and workflows to improve content integration and accessibility across various platforms and languages. The benefits of standardization include enhanced product suitability, reduced trade barriers, and improved collaboration among organizations.
5 Standards-based Content Resources: A Prerequisite for Content Integration and Content Interoperability
- 1. Christian Galinski Infoterm Austria Standards-based Content Resources – Content integration and interoperability
- 2. Many heterogeneous ontologies Many deficient content repositories People with special needs not respected Many industry standards – gaps in open standards standardized content repositories content interoperability based on open standards Motivation, problem area
- 3. Research objectives Global content interoperability of content repositories based on open standards for people with special needs
- 4. Research approach, methodology Standardization open standards for: - harmonized data models - harmonized data dictionaries - ontology integration and interoperability - content repositories
- 5. Major outcomes / results Standardization for interoperability I: - classification „ catalogues“ (=structures/formats) properties concept databases
- 6. Major outcomes / results Standardization for interoperability II: - web-based workflows transparent procedures metadata registries (ISO 11179 etc.) federated content repositories verification, validation, certification
- 7. STANDARDIZATION =open standards activity of establishing, with regard to actual or potential problems , provisions for common and repeated use , aimed at the achievement of the optimum degree of order in a given context NOTE 1: In particular, the activity consists of the processes of formulating, issuing and implementing standards. NOTE 2: Important benefits of standardization are improvement of the suitability of products, processes and services for their intended purposes, prevention of barriers to trade and facilitation of technological cooperation.
- 8. CONSENSUS "General agreement, characterized by the absence of sustained opposition to substantial issues by any important part of the concerned interests and by a process that involves seeking to take into account the views of all parties concerned and to reconcile any conflicting arguments". (ISO/IEC Guide 2:1991)
- 9. Content standards too many standards? industry standards standards lacking/being insufficient? open standards standards concerning content: content items/entities metadata, data modelling, metamodels repositories / registries cooperative work & workflow methodology maintenance (incl. legal issues) services concerning structured content requirements for business models design of support tools standards should be examined, whether they support or hinder multi-linguality, multimodality and cultural diversity (very important for SMEs)
- 10. MoU/MG N0221 Semantic Interoperability and the need for a coherent policy for a framework of distributed, possibly federated reposi-tories for all kinds of content items on a world-wide scale adopted in 2005 http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2489/Ittf_Home/MoU-MG/Moumg221.pdf
- 11. Content Interoperability semantic interoperability content interoperability = capability of content items / entities (i.e. structured content at the level of lexical semantics) to be integrated into or combined with other (types of) content items / entities to be extensively re-used for other purposes (also sub-items/entities to be re-usable/ re-purposable) to be searchable, retrievable, recombinable from different points of view
- 12. MoU/MG N0221 Examples It‘s all catalogues
- 13. MoU/MG N0221
- 14. MoU/MG N0221
- 15. MoU/MG N0221
- 16. MoU/MG N0221
- 17. MoU/MG N0221
- 18. MoU/MG N0221
- 19. MoU/MG N0221
- 20. “ Fastened by a steel 3-1/2” threaded bolt” Source: Ben Martin (J.D. Edwards) 2002 Updating Item Descriptions 1 “ Fastened by an aluminum 3-1/2” threaded bolt” “ Fastened by a steel 3-1/2” threaded bolt”
- 21. Out to different exchanges and formats MODEL 1 ORIGINAL MODEL 2 MODEL 3 MODEL 4 MODEL 5 ebXML cXML Source: Ben Martin (J.D. Edwards) 2002 Updating Item Descriptions 2 CD-ROM
- 22. … ideally into various languages MODEL 1 ORIGINAL MODEL 2 MODEL 3 MODEL 4 MODEL 5 CD-ROM ebXML cXML Updating Item Descriptions 3 Source: Ben Martin (J.D. Edwards) 2002 ENGLISH FRENCH GERMAN DUTCH SWEDISH
- 23. Structured content More often than not different kinds of content items are combined with or embedded in each other new requirements on content!
- 24. Language + Multimodality not only written spoken… Non-linguistic representations: graphical symbols, etc. Multi-channel output: from large display boards to PDA displays +eInclusion / eAccessibility
- 25. COSTS Costs of content creation and maintenance Items of structured content occur in all kinds of technical documentation costs
- 26. MoU/MG N0221
- 27. Global IOp Interoperable methods & models coherent combination of methods: ISO/TC 37 “Terminology and other language and content resources” ONE methodology
- 28. IOp STANDARDS Increasingly standards developing organizations (SDOs) are cooperating on the agreed basis of ISO 13584 Series ISO 11179 Series ISO/TC 37 standards taking into account the basic requirements for content interoperability: multilinguality, multimodality, multimedia, eAccessibility / eInclusion, multi-channel
- 29. SOLUTIONS Standardization of metadata metadata registries (properties for products and services, terminology, graphical symbols, etc.) reliable data / data quality Standardized data models and exchange formats to insure interoperability of data and systems Online workflows for development and maintenance of data
- 32. COSTS
- 33. COSTS
- 34. COSTS
- 35. COSTS
- 36. COSTS
- 37. COSTS
- 38. COSTS
- 39. COSTS
- 40. ISO/CDB May 2008 - First presentation at ISO internal IT-strategy meeting in Milano October 2008 – Presentation at ISO General Assembly in Dubai January 2009 – beta-version evaluation October 2009 – presentation at ISO General Assembly in South Africa October 2009 – public release for look-up October 2010 – incl. coding systems, SI symbols, metadata / data categories, October 2011 – upgrading support tool for content standardization
- 41. SOLUTIONS
- 42. SOLUTIONS
- 43. Lessons learned Worldwide collaborative online development of multilingual and reliable content is feasible Harmonization of workflows between organizations creating content is necessary Free availability of reliable meta data (terminology, product properties, graphical symbols,…) is a key factor for security of investments Standardization in content reduces the complexity of business processes
- 44. Data quality QUALITY RELIABILITY the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs Reliability liability reduce risks and liability
- 45. QUALITY The quality of something can be determined by comparing a set of inherent characteristics with a set of requirements. If those inherent characteristics meet all requirements, high or excellent quality is achieved. If those characteristics do not meet all requirements, a low or poor level of quality is achieved. Quality is, therefore, a question of degree. As a result, the central quality question is: How well does this set of inherent characteristics comply with this set of requirements? In short, the quality of something depends on a set of inherent characteristics and a set of requirements and how well the former complies with the latter. According to this definition, quality is a relative concept. By linking quality to requirements, ISO 9000 argues that the quality of something cannot be established in a vacuum. Quality is always relative to a set of requirements. http://www.praxiom.com/iso-definition.htm#Quality
- 46. ISO 9000 principles ISO 9004 (a supporting standard of 9001) dictates the 8 principles that the ISO 9001 definition is based on. These are: Customer Focus Organization Leadership Involvement of People Process Approach System Approach to Management Continual Improvement Factual Approach to Decision Making Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships
- 47. Conformity assessment demonstration that specified requirements relating to a product, process, system, person or body are fulfilled NOTE 1 The subject field of conformity assessment includes activities defined elsewhere in this International Standard, such as testing, inspection and certification, as well as the accreditation of conformity assessment bodies. NOTE 2 The expression “object of conformity assessment” or “object” is used in this International Standard to encompass any particular material, product, installation, process, system, person or body to which conformity assessment is applied. A service is covered by the definition of a product .
- 48. CERTIFICATION third-party attestation related to products, processes, systems or persons NOTE 1 Certification of a management system is sometimes also called registration. NOTE 2 Certification is applicable to all objects of conformity assessment except for conformity assessment bodies (2.5) themselves, to which accreditation (5.6) is applicable.
- 49. Standards compliance Standards compliance needs to be assessed according to validation/verification criteria , defined as policy, procedure or requirement used as a reference against which evidence is compared. 2 closely related systematic, independent and documented processes : Verification Validation
- 50. Verification & validation Verification uses objective evidence that ( specified) requirements which define an intended use or application have been met for the sake of the evaluation of assertions against agreed verification criteria. Whenever specified requirements have been met, a verified status is achieved. Validation uses objective evidence to confirm that ( specified) require-ments which define an intended use or application have been met. Whenever all requirements have been met, a validated status is achieved.
- 51. Global content IOp Structured content in eAccessibility/eInclusion may come from or be re-used / re-purposed in: eHealth, eGovernment, eLearning and other eApplications generic approach based on open standards Communication in eAccessibility/eInclusion: communication between impaired people (directly or through ICT devices), communication between impaired people and the tools they use, communication between the tools Standardization of metadata, data models, messages, protocols, conversion of all sorts, multilinguality (incl. cultural diversity), multimodality, user interfaces design for all (DfA) etc.
- 52. Conclusion and outlook Content integration – whether in the form of virtual or real data integration – and content interoperability must be based among others on: Consistent methodology standards for datamodels and data modelling; Coordinated standardization of several kinds of structured content; Standardized identification systems for individual pieces of information; Standardized transfer protocols and interchange formats; in order to be efficient and reliable.
Editor's Notes
- #21: 13 Product development makes a material change. Documentation changes… one small change
- #22: And even if that change results in just modifying two paragraphs of text, still, each medium used to communicate such as print, CD-ROM and the World Wide Web need to be updated.
- #23: And of course, there is the language translation for the documents which are distributed in each country in which the cars are sold.