6 1+2 Ionic And Covalent Bonding
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This document summarizes key concepts about valence electrons, electron dot diagrams, ionic bonding, and covalent bonding. Valence electrons are found in the outermost energy level and interact during bonding. Electron dot diagrams represent valence electrons with dots. Ionic bonding occurs through the transfer of valence electrons between metals and nonmetals, resulting in ions with charges. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetals. Properties of ionic bonds include conductivity, higher melting/boiling points, and crystal formation, while covalent substances are often gases/liquids and nonconductive.
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6 1+2 Ionic And Covalent Bonding
- 1. CH 6-1 Valence Electrons Electrons in the outer most or highest energy level The electrons that will interact in bonding with other elements
- 2. Electron Dot Diagram A model of an atom in which each dot represents a valence electron. The symbol in the center represents the nucleus and all the other electrons in the atom.
- 4. Bonding The result of the electrons of different atoms interacting The force that holds molecules together Goal in any bonding is to have 8 electrons in outer energy level … (8 Valance Electrons)
- 5. Ionic Bonding Ionic bonding = get the gain or loss of electrons resulting in an atom with a charge (One element steals an electron) Classic example is NaCl or table salt --Bond between a Metal and a Non-metal
- 6. Ionic Bonding Electrons are gained to become Negative Electrons are lost to become Positive Both become IONS = atoms with a charge
- 7. Properties of Ionic Bonds No conductivity Higher melting and boiling points Not malleable Form Crystals Lower solubility in water Because there are no free moving electrons or ions, unless dissolved, NaCl(aq) or melted, NaCl(l) Because particles cannot slide pass one another
- 8. CH 6-2 Covalent Bonding Covalent bonding = The sharing of electrons Each atom gets the electrons part of the time Can share one, two, or three pairs of electrons
- 9. Types of Covalent Bonds Ex. Single bond--> H-H Double bond--> C=C Triple bond --> N = N Each line represents a pair (two) electrons
- 11. Properties of Covalent Bonds Covalent substances tend to be gases, liquids or low melting point solids. Most insoluble in water. Will not Conduct Electricity. Because the forces of attraction are weak If dissolve in water will react with water Electrons cannot move through liquid