6. verbal and visual support
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This document discusses verbal and visual support for presentations. It identifies five types of verbal support: examples, stories, statistics, comparisons, and citations. It also discusses eight types of visual aids: objects/models, photographs, diagrams, lists/tables, pie charts, bar/column charts, pictograms, and graphs. Finally, it provides guidelines for selecting, designing, and presenting visual aids, including using the appropriate media like flip charts, transparencies, slides, handouts, and computer displays.
6. verbal and visual support
- 1. Chapter 12 – Adler
- 2. Layout Functions of supporting material Verbal support Types Visual support Types Media Computer-assisted design Rules for using Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 3. FUNCTIONS OF SUPPORTING MATERIAL 1. Clarity abstract or complicated ideas 1. Interest Enliven Make main point vivid, meaningful 1. Proof convincing E.g., survey Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 4. TYPES OF VERBAL SUPPORT (5) 1. Examples – Brief illustrations – most effective when several are given together 1. Stories – Hypothetical or factual – Guidelines • Should suit audience • Should support point • Be of right length Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 5. 3. Statistics Probably the most common form of support Specially strong proof Firmly grounded in fact Shows that speaker is well informed May make mistake of burying the audience Provide a few key numbers Simply information (64.3% vs. two-thirds) Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 6. 4. Comparisons Figurative = analogies Compare unfamiliar with familiar idea Literal Must have two characteristics Well-known, be valid Must clearly establish similarity Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 7. 5. Citations More authoritative/articulate source Clarity and impact Help build persuasive case Guidelines Cite to add credibility to presentation Source must have credibility with audience Paraphrase lengthy or confusing citations Restate point of long citations Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 8. VISUAL AIDS Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 9. Benefits A picture is often worth a thousand words Easier to understand than words alone Easier to explain complicated statistics Easier for listeners to understand Make presentations more interesting Boost your image as speaker Make information more memorable Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 10. Functions Show how things look Show how things work Show how things relate to one another Emphasize important points Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 11. Types of Visual Aid (8) 1. Objects and Models Used in training, selling Hands-on experience/demonstration How to operate a piece of equipment 1. Photographs 2. Diagrams Two-dimensional Floor plan, maps… size, shape, structure Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 12. 4. Lists and tables Key facts and figures, steps, features, comparison, etc Guidelines Keep it simple Use numbered or bulleted lists Use text sparingly Use large type Enhance readability through careful layout Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 13. 5. Pie Charts – Percentages, resources, money, etc – Guidelines • Segment to emphasize on takes top-center • Label each segment • List percentage for each segment 6. Bar and column charts – Guidelines • Time on horizontal axis • Arrange bars in best-suited sequence • Represent numerical values clearly Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 14. 7. Pictogram Artistic variations of bar, column, pie charts More interesting (figure 12-11) 8. Graphs Correlation between quantities Represent large amount of data without clutter Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 15. Media for presenting VA(6) 1. Flip charts and poster board – Simple to prepare – Easy to use – Relatively portable – Easy to use – May be too small – Large audience can’t see – Relatively fragile – Clumsy Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 16. 2. Transparencies – Good for large audience – Produced quickly – Easy to create – Visible in a lighted room – Easy to store, don’t wear out – Require a projector – Must position in special way – Most effective when • Use only when discussing, turn off when not using, cover parts not discussed, face audience while speaking Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 17. 3. Slides – Actual photographic image – Inexpensive – Produced quickly – Easy to edit – Need darkened room – Guidelines • Keep show brief, use remote-control device, talk to listeners and not the screen Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 18. 4. Handouts Permanent record Recall features More detail Eliminate listeners’ need to take notes Can be distracting Have to compete with them for attention Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 19. 5. Computerized displays 6. Videotape Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 20. Computer-assisted VA design • Special effects • Many formats • Speakers’ notes • Variety of handouts • Run-time versions • Create charts, graphs, tables • Take time to learn • Temptation to overuse Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations
- 21. Rules for using visual aids 1. Selection – Have a reason for using – Match sophistication of visual aid with audience 1. Design – Make sure it is large enough to see – Keep design simple – Use few words – Use horizontal printing – Label all items for clear identification 1. Presentation – Don’t display till ready – Remove after discussing – Make sure it works at presentation location – Practice using your visuals Verbal and Visual Support in Presentations