601 Session15-history-virtualref-s13
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The document outlines the evolution of library reference services and information access from the 1970s to 2013, highlighting advancements in technology such as online databases, CD-ROMs, and web-based resources. It discusses the importance of librarians' skills in search literacy, reference interviewing, and adapting to users' needs in both traditional and digital environments. Additionally, the content addresses the implications of digital transformation on library services, including the shift towards e-only resources and the incorporation of user feedback.
![ Mostly text chat/IM, voice chat available
Immediately greet the avatar "Hello [insert
name here], welcome to the library."
50% use languages other than English, avatar-
librarians use a translator HUD
Patience with language abilities, pacing, lack
of response, odd appearances
Passing out Notecards with links to specific
inworld locations and descriptions
Most questions relate to how the SL interface
works, then how to find people, places, and
events
Nahl LIS 601 2013 21](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/601-l15-virtelecref-s13-130422165313-phpapp01/85/601-Session15-history-virtualref-s13-21-320.jpg)
601 Session15-history-virtualref-s13
- 2. Bibliographic Statistical/numerical Directory Full text or full image Multimedia Nahl LIS 601 2013 2
- 3. CD-ROM Web-based Direct Online (Voyager) Web-based Remote (subscription databases) Nahl LIS 601 2013 3
- 4. 1970’s fee-based remote online via Telnet › Intermediary gatekeepers do searching › Command line search syntax › Fees: connection, online time, file #, records viewed, records printed › Federal database projects (ERIC, Medline, Agricola) › Disciplinary database projects › Online catalogs begin in-house Nahl LIS 601 2013 4
- 5. 1980’s CD-ROM subscription databases and direct online catalogs › Library users searching on LAN PC workstations and online catalog terminals › Intermediaries teach command line search strategy, concept analysis, vocabulary, sources › Databases offered by increasing number of vendors › Printing costs › Online catalogs networking via Internet Nahl LIS 601 2013 5
- 6. 1990’s Web-based databases and online catalogs › Web search engines proliferate (1994) › Intermediaries teach Web search strategies › Form fill-in interfaces › Increasingly full text databases › Hyperlinks › Emergence of E-journals Nahl LIS 601 2013 6
- 7. 2000 - 2013 › Web-based subscription databases › HL $2+m annual, medium sized research library › Increasing numbers of E-journals & E-Books › Creating regional and local digital collections of special materials › Federated searching and meta-search capabilities Nahl LIS 601 2013 7
- 8. 2000 – 2013 › Inviting user input: comments, ratings & reviews, indexing & xml tags, E-reference, library blog, library wiki, library book club, library online community, bookmarking & tagging, Sharing, Liking, etc. › Discovery services (Primo One Search) › Mobile access to library sites › Managing library Web sites, digital libraries & collections Nahl LIS 601 2013 8
- 9. 2000 – 2013 › Canceling existing print subscriptions, relinquishing the print archive model › Open access movement (ALA journals) › Open Source movement (Greenstone, Koala) › Institutional Repositories: digital archive model › Increasingly retrospective periodical databases Nahl LIS 601 2013 9
- 10. 2000 – 2013 › E-only libraries › Tablets for roving reference › RSS, screencasting, Webcasting, podcasting & vodcasting, SMS reference › Social media: YouTube, LibraryThing, Facebook , FourSquare › Second Life ALA & Community Virtual Library Nahl LIS 601 2013 10
- 11. Fast Comprehensive Emailing and saving records Nahl LIS 601 2013 11
- 12. Costly Complex Teaching Encourage impulsivity and less preparation time Nahl LIS 601 2013 12
- 13. Librarians must be highly search literate › Core course LIS 663 very important › Pre-req for HL LIS 690 reference internships Attracts more people to library services Time to teach & explain at desk & while roving Time to learn new sources, sites & mobile devices Search results quick & deceptively satisfactory Time to fix equipment--frozen terminals, wireless glitches, paper jams, toner change, printer card malfunction, system downtime Nahl LIS 601 2013 13
- 14. Modes (asynchronous & synchronous) › Mobile or desktop › Email › Web forms › IM & Texting (SMS) › Chat › Blogs, Wikis Consortia › 24/7 Reference (UHM Libraries) › QuestionPoint Nahl LIS 601 2013 14
- 15. Lack of visual & auditory cues Total reliance on technology › Patience is a virtue › Plan for technology challenges and delays Requires adequate keyboarding skills Requires multi-tasking skills Increased awareness of user time, skills, technology & environment Expanded user base outside traditional geographic area & user groups Nahl LIS 601 2013 15
- 16. Reference interview is the basis of accurate reference service in any format Establishing a friendly, helpful tone at the start to make a person-to-person connection Knowledge of reference tools & policies is essential Referral to subject specialists Responding at a (not much) later time Nahl LIS 601 2013 16
- 17. 1. Be friendly & approachable 2. Use active listening 3. Ask reference interview questions 4. Provide handouts 5. Provide instruction in how to use sources 6. Ask follow-up questions 1. Introduce self & use person’s (screen) name 2. Type “I see” “OK” 3. Type reference interview questions 4. Push pages, give notes 5. Escort through resources 6. Type follow-up questions Nahl LIS 601 2013 17
- 18. “Listen” (read) carefully. Paraphrase or summarize the question: If I understand you correctly, you are looking for… (unscripted content) Use open questions to get the essential information right away Avoid library & technology jargon Take notes Follow through to solution (follow-up in email) Nahl LIS 601 2013 18
- 19. Use similar language & style of inquirer Use & interpret acronyms, abbreviations, texting & emoticons › FYI, AKA, BTW, IMHO, :-), TTYL, BRB, AFK, LOL, etc. Typing takes too long › Online people are in a hurry › Send short, frequent messages › Create & use scripted messages › Use ellipses … to break up messages into smaller components Nahl LIS 601 2013 19
- 20. Work in a second browser window to search during silent or lag time › Users are multitasking! Detecting if user is (still) there › Send a question to get the user to respond › Tell, do & ask when users act confused or lost › If disconnected, keep typing answer, transcript automatically goes to user Email later to be sure they are satisfied (follow- up questions) Nahl LIS 601 2013 20
- 21. Mostly text chat/IM, voice chat available Immediately greet the avatar "Hello [insert name here], welcome to the library." 50% use languages other than English, avatar- librarians use a translator HUD Patience with language abilities, pacing, lack of response, odd appearances Passing out Notecards with links to specific inworld locations and descriptions Most questions relate to how the SL interface works, then how to find people, places, and events Nahl LIS 601 2013 21
- 22. DIG_REF listserv › Librarians experienced in VR › Comparison of product functionality › Advice › Consortia partners OCLC research on virtual reference services (VRS) http://www.oclc.org/research/activities/synchronicity.html Resources for Virtual Reference http://www.refdesk.com Nahl LIS 601 2013 22
- 23. 1. Become an excellent professional searcher 2. Continue to use best practices to search for and use controlled vocabulary and Boolean operators 3. Continue to learn features & functions in databases & print sources 4. Develop excellent reference interview skills--do a reference internship Nahl LIS 601 2013 23
- 24. 5. Continue to use best practices in reference interviewing skills, especially open questions & follow-up questions 6. Develop excellent research skills--invest in challenging courses 7. Develop broad-based knowledge of topics--read, read, read & actively participate widely in culture Nahl LIS 601 2013 24
- 25. All assignments & extra credit due by May 7 Papers may be turned in via attachment or Google document (Search Work only) Happy Summer! Nahl LIS 601 2013 25 IG_Eyes 2011