65 sutterlueti using_advanced_pv_and_bo_s_modelling_and_algorithms_to_optimize_the_performance_of_large_scale_utility_appl
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The document discusses advanced photovoltaic (PV) monitoring techniques for utility-scale solar plants, emphasizing the need for effective performance tracking and optimization. It outlines the benefits of data acquisition and analysis, demonstrating that proper monitoring can enhance energy yield and lower levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). Key findings indicate that systematic monitoring leads to improved management of maintenance, operational costs, and overall plant performance.
65 sutterlueti using_advanced_pv_and_bo_s_modelling_and_algorithms_to_optimize_the_performance_of_large_scale_utility_appl
- 1. www.gantner-environment.comPage 1 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Page 1 Using Advanced PV and BoS Modelling and Algorithms to Optimize the Performance of Large Scale Utility Applications 4th PV Performance Modelling and Monitoring Workshop Cologne; October 23rd, 2015 10/23/2015Juergen Sutterlueti et al
- 2. www.gantner-environment.comPage 2 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Introduction “Typical” questions about PV Monitoring for Utility scale PV Plants • Why is it needed? • Who needs it? • Who pays for it? • Is it beneficial? 10/23/2015 Introduction
- 3. www.gantner-environment.comPage 3 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Gantner Instruments Environmental Solutions Product and services reaching from String current monitoring, Plant control, Data collection to O&M optimization and automated Investor feedback. Business Unit for PV Monitoring and Logging Applications 10/23/2015 Introduction Solutions on 3 levels • STRING level • DATA level • Portal/SCADA level
- 4. www.gantner-environment.comPage 4 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Outline 1 10/23/2015 Introduction: Do we need PV Power Plant Monitoring on a MW scale ? 2 PV Performance understanding 3 Data Acquisition & handling 4 Data Analysis 5 Performance prediction & Optimization 6 Investment vs. Benefit of Monitoring: Impact on System cost (CAPEX), O&M (OPEX) and LCoE
- 5. www.gantner-environment.comPage 5 4thPVPMMW,Cologne PV Performance understanding 10/23/2015 Performanceunderstanding
- 6. www.gantner-environment.comPage 6 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Gantner Instruments Test Site, AZ/USA Characterise modules outdoor where possible to develop performance algorithms 10/23/2015 2 D Tracker: 6 channels w/ spectrometer Weather sensors: Irradiance, Temperature, Wind, Spectrum, RH, .. 24 Channels fixed: c-Si (ABC, HIT, n-type, ..), CdTe, CI(G)S, a-Si, a-Si:uc-Si; 6 tracked Performanceunderstanding
- 7. www.gantner-environment.comPage 7 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Gantner Instruments Test Site, AZ/USA 10/23/2015 • Unique PV Module performance track record since 2010 • Baseline for next generation of PV Modeling and prediction of PV Plant performance and monitoring • Technology benchmark • Bankability support for EPCs, Investors, Insurance • Key for improved Utility PV Monitoring concepts USP: High performance data acquisition, 3rd party technology benchmark, advanced characterization and Analysis methods Tested PV Module references : First Solar, Trina, Yingli, Sunpower, Manz, SolarWorld, Solar Frontier, Kaneka, Hanergy, MiaSole, Q-Cells, Bosch Solar, Panasonic Cooperations with leading Institutions, experts, EPCs and IPPs. Performanceunderstanding Benefits
- 8. www.gantner-environment.comPage 8 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Loss Factor Model (LFM) – SRCL / Gantner Instr. LFM • 6 normalised orthogonal parameters associated with ISC, RSC, IMP, VMP, ROC and VOC • Multiply all 6 together to give the PRDC or MPR • Easy sanity check for bad data if not ~1 • Easy to see good from bad values e.g. 98% or 90% • Differentiates PV technologies – e.g. Thin Film usually has a higher loss due to ROC (from TCO resistivity) Use to characterise PV Modules based on IV measurements 10/23/2015 Performanceunderstanding Plot LFM values vs To show Time Degradation or annealing Irradiance Low light performance Module Temperature Thermal coefficients
- 9. www.gantner-environment.comPage 9 4thPVPMMW,Cologne D=Diffues, S=Spectrum LFM measurements I Curve fit vs. Irradiance • Easy to do sanity check (raw data shown) • Typical pattern per technology • Shows low light and I².Rs loss • nVoc_T: temp corrected for clarity • nIsc_DS diffuse, spectral corrected for clarity 10/23/2015 Performanceunderstanding • nImp • nVmp • nRoc • nRsc • nVoc • nIsc
- 10. www.gantner-environment.comPage 10 4thPVPMMW,Cologne LFM measurements II Compare Measured vs. Predicted • Prediction over time • Data every quarter to show degradation or seasonal • Residual analysis 10/23/2015 Performanceunderstanding • nImp • nVmp • nRoc • nRsc • nVoc • nIsc
- 11. www.gantner-environment.comPage 11 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Data Acquisition & handling 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling
- 12. www.gantner-environment.comPage 12 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Monitoring of large arrays Market expectations: Monitoring and control concept for cost effective PV Energy generation and risk reduction • Transparency of PV Plant production (fast & reliable) • Vendor-independent PV Plant monitoring • Unified platform for all PV assets (information, data) • Combines all available information (Inverter, DC & AC side, grid, DSO) • Effective and automated PV plant management, Inventory information • Reporting, Alarms • O&M logging • Access form anywhere (HTML5, W3C) • Provide baseline for O&M activities, Performance Guarantees, energy prediction (day ahead), energy trading, etc. 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling
- 13. www.gantner-environment.comPage 13 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Data Acquisition & handling Samples pictures from latest UK installations; out of >2.8GW installed 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling Pashley East Sussex, UK -11,6 MWp Castle Combe Wiltshire, UK -15,3 MWp Gloucester Gloucester, UK -28,3 MWp Fareham Hampshire, UK -20,5 MWp Horam East Sussex, UK -8,1 MWp Crundale Kent, UK -37,8 MWp
- 14. www.gantner-environment.comPage 14 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Data processing – real time E.g: 5000 channels per 10 MW to import and process 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling Fast check to validate all measurements sensors, inverters, strings etc. – first as sensible, then good. Automated checks (real time), constant performance Regular sanity checks Multiple import data streams, standardized
- 15. www.gantner-environment.comPage 15 4thPVPMMW,Cologne PV Plant Structure PV Plant structure incl. warnings and linked information 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling Warning Station Site Inverter Combiner Box String Monitoring String • Plant structure (generated during data import) allows design & sanity checks • Fast validation check of all measurements (sensors, inverters, strings) • Compare performance of peers , localize issues. Alarm
- 16. www.gantner-environment.comPage 16 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Normalization / Deviation of Strings, SCB, Inv. Absolute Values: I MEASURED differs for larger and smaller arrays 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling
- 17. www.gantner-environment.comPage 17 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Normalization / Deviation of Strings, SCB, Inv. Normalized values: IMEASURED/PNOMINAL show similar values 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling Good sanity check of all components (easier with normalised data, redundancy e.g. with NOCT, weather (kT, BF, ..), DC, AC, solar position, AOI, .. Deviation from mean (cloud movement) Normalization
- 18. www.gantner-environment.comPage 18 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Availability Monitoring Availability calculation for PPA / IPP contracts 10/23/2015 DataAcquisition&handling • Resolution: h, day, month, year, 12month floating • For each component (Inverter, System, Sub-System, Production batch, ..) Supports preventive maintenance strategies
- 20. www.gantner-environment.comPage 20 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Data Analysis for Utility Scale Projects 10/23/2015 • Heat maps for quick detection of outages or drifts: should be smooth, sinusoidal, repeatable yearly, .. • Irradiation binning • Temperature trends (min, max, avg.) • Asset – performance: Comparison of different installations, normalized • Temperature behavior • Low- & Mid-light behavior • Maps • Sensor-cross-checks • Availability analysis for IPP contracts DataAnalysis Features (selected): Irradiance binning PR benchmarkMeteo trends Heatmaps
- 21. www.gantner-environment.comPage 21 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Actual Performance I Loss Stages – Identify the losses real time 10/23/2015 DataAnalysis Can check losses at each measurement to show if anything is too large like shading or thermal
- 22. www.gantner-environment.comPage 22 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Actual Performance II - Zoom • Start at Nominal PMAX = 100% • Module Tolerance PACTUAL/PNOMINAL • Degradation vs. time • Plane Of Array Insolation • Shadow (vs. solar position) • Soiling vs. time and precipitation • Angle of incidence includes reflectivity • If possible Spectrum from EQE, multi junction • Seasonal, anneal for some TF • Thermal loss TMOD from TAMB, NOCT/NMOT, gamma, wind speed • DC constant loss if needed • Low Light efficiency change @ ~0.2 suns • Mismatch from series strings • DC I².Rs wiring loss • Inverter wakeup • MPPT • Inverter efficiency • AC constant • Clipping • Transformer efficiency • Transformer loss • AC wiring Loss Stages – Identify the losses real time 10/23/2015 DataAnalysis
- 23. www.gantner-environment.comPage 23 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Performance prediction & Optimization 10/23/2015 Prediction&Optimization .. by using hourly simulation programs
- 24. www.gantner-environment.comPage 24 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Assumptions: YF (per year) 1350 kWh/kWp; Pnom_site 20 MWp; Energy value 0.08€/kWh (assumed); LCoE background model possible. Loss Stages: Actual vs. Target performance Compare w/ assumptions, use actual weather data and simulations, real time 10/23/2015 Prediction&Optimization LossGain Total annual loss: 110 160 € Run this for Target and Actual performance Difference shows your actual gain/loss
- 25. www.gantner-environment.comPage 25 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Performance Prediction 10/23/2015 Prediction&Optimization • Setup algorithms to predict instantaneous PV and BoS performance for measurement validity and energy yield predictions • Basic version (shown) gives already very useful results for system cross-check and trend detection (soiling alerts, shading, ..) Analysed in Sept. Predicted in Oct. Location: Frankfurt site
- 26. www.gantner-environment.comPage 26 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Investment vs. Benefit of Monitoring: Impact on System cost (CAPEX), O&M (OPEX) and LCoE 10/23/2015 Investmentvs.Benefit OPEX (t1-tn) CAPEX (t0) LCoE Energy Production (t1-tn) Financing (Equity / Debt)
- 27. www.gantner-environment.comPage 27 4thPVPMMW,Cologne LCoE for Utility scale, 5% ROI; Source: JRC, 2014; Gantner Instruments System cost model, Europe Monitoring Investment & Benefit Impact of Monitoring on System cost (CAPEX), O&M (OPEX) and LCoE 10/23/2015 Investmentvs.Benefit OPEX (t1-tn) LCoE (split by component) (t1-tn)System Cost (CAPEX) Financing (Equity /Debt) • Monitoring cost share of system price: ~ 1.4% (0.013€/Wp, EU) • Installed Monitoring gives direct control of 17% of the LCoE Cost (O&M cost) • Control performance of Inverter, cables & connections, ..
- 28. www.gantner-environment.comPage 28 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Monitoring Investment & Benefit II Impact of O&M strategy on Yield, LCoE and Profits, 10MWac 10/23/2015 Investmentvs.Benefit Losses (O&M relat’d) Example Monitoring No Monitoring Downtime Maintenance 0.5 % 0.5 % Malfunction Modules, combiner boxes, fuses 0.5 % 1 % Soiling losses Cleaning events 2.9% (4 x) 8.5% (2 x) O&M cost (€, per yr) 166 577 154 577 Energy yield (kWh/kWp) 1546 1442 PV power plant area: 138 219m²; GCR: 0.5; 77 Combiner boxes (CB); 24 Strings per CB; Annual numbers: YF=1608 kWh/kWp; Yearly operation costs w/ labor € 45 950; Power plant care cost € 26 790 (18 469); Project lifetime 25 yr; Labor cost 25€/h; Inflation rate 2.5%; Water 0.0025 €/l; Fuel cost: 1.5 €/l; Cost for components exchange and stock Profit LCoE Energyyield PV power plants with monitoring can deliver 7.3% better Energy yield, results in 4.5% better LCoE Difference: 64% (= 70 000€)
- 29. www.gantner-environment.comPage 29 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Summary Advanced Monitoring Algorithms leads to: • Providing Investors with reliable information about O&M, track record & plant performance, control • Separating and identifying losses where “actual vs. target” differs • Optimizing Plant Performance during lifetime • Reducing LCoE based on advanced Monitoring design (characteristic trends, Loss Factor Model) • Reducing risk for Investors & Independent Power Producers (IPPs) Summary Cost effective Monitoring Solutions can : • Reflect Financial KPIs (Performance guarantees, allowed maintenance, integrate simulations) • Allow “real time” data processing for availability, alarms, warnings • Automated Performance Analysis and characterization in terms of kWh and $ (loss separation, sensitivity to irradiation, weather, cleaning, ..) • Implement preventive maintenance strategies
- 30. www.gantner-environment.comPage 30 4thPVPMMW,Cologne Thank you very much for your attention! 10/23/2015 Project : 37MW, EPC: IBVogt, Gantner Instruments: Full HW & SW Monitoring incl. Grid Control We would like to thank our colleagues Jörg, Andre, Daniel, Stefan, Holger, Stefan, Samuel and Vasu for their indefatigable effort in realizing successful customer projects worldwide. demo.gantner-webportal.com j.sutterlueti@gantner-instruments.com Summary