Identifiers in C refer to names of variables, functions, and arrays. They are user-defined names that consist of letters, digits, or underscores, with a letter as the first character. Identifiers follow certain rules: the first character must be a letter, they can only contain letters, digits, or underscores, only the first 31 characters are significant, keywords cannot be used, and white spaces are not allowed. Common keywords in C include double, else, enum, extern, float, for, goto, if, int, long, register, return, short, signed, sizeof, static, auto, break, case, char, const, continue, default, do, struct, switch, typedef, union, unsigned,