This document defines fractions and their key components and properties. It explains that a fraction represents a part of a whole and consists of a numerator and denominator. Proper fractions have a numerator less than the denominator, while improper fractions have a numerator greater than the denominator. Mixed fractions contain a whole number and an improper fraction. Equivalent fractions have the same value even if their representations are different. Fractions can also be represented on a number line.