第8讲 Rip和Igrp

Hop 计算路由器每隔 30 秒更新最多支持相同 hop 数的 6 条路径 RIP 概述 19.2 kbps T1 T1 T1

路由器配置选择路由协议指定网络或端口 IP 路由的配置任务 Network 160.89.0.0 Network 172.30.0.0 IGRP, RIP Network 172.16.0.0 RIP RIP IGRP

指定 IP 路由协议动态路由配置 Router(config)#router protocol [ keyword ] 指定与路由器直接相连的网络 Router(config-router)#network network-number

激活 RIP 协议 RIP 配置 Router(config)#router rip Router(config-router)#network network-number 选择所能到达的网络必须是有效的网络

观察 RIP 的启用： 2503#show run 显示 IP 路由协议： 2503#show ip protocols

RIP 配置举例 2.3.0.0 2.3.0.0 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0 router rip network 172.16.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 router rip network 10.0.0.0 router rip network 192.168.1.0 network 10.0.0.0

查看 RIP 信息 RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120) 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

查看路由表 RouterA#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

debug ip rip 命令 RouterA#debug ip rip RIP protocol debugging is on RouterA# 00:06:24: RIP: received v1 update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:06:24: 10.2.2.0 in 1 hops 00:06:24: 192.168.1.0 in 2 hops 00:06:33: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:06:34: network 10.0.0.0, metric 1 00:06:34: network 192.168.1.0, metric 3 00:06:34: RIP: sending v1 update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:06:34: network 172.16.0.0, metric 1 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

使用 IGRP 的网络较大缺省 100hops ，最大 255hops 支持多路径 IGRP 介绍 IGRP

带宽延迟时间可靠性负载最大传输单元 IGRP 路径选择 19.2 kbps 19.2 kbps Source Destination

最多六条路径下一次所要到达的路由器必须接近目的网络在允许的参数内选择路径 IGRP 的不平衡路径 New Route Initial Route Source Destination

配置 IGRP Router(config-router)#network network-number 指定可以到达的网络 Router(config)#router igrp autonomous-system 指定 IGRP 为 IP 路由协议

配置 IGRP ( 续 ) Router(config-router)#traffic-share { balanced | min } 控制负载平衡数据的分布 Router(config-router)#variance multiplier 控制 IGRP 的负载平衡

IGRP 配置举例 router igrp 100 network 172.16.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 router igrp 100 network 10.0.0.0 router igrp 100 network 192.168.1.0 network 10.0.0.0 Autonomous System = 100 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

查看 IGRP 信息 RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "igrp 100" Sending updates every 90 seconds, next due in 21 seconds Invalid after 270 seconds, hold down 280, flushed after 630 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Default networks flagged in outgoing updates Default networks accepted from incoming updates IGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0 IGRP maximum hopcount 100 IGRP maximum metric variance 1 Redistributing: igrp 100 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 100 00:01:01 Distance: (default is 100) 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

查看 IP 路由表 RouterA#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets I 10.2.2.0 [100/90956] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/91056] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:23, Serial2 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

debug ip igrp transaction 命令 RouterA#debug ip igrp transactions IGRP protocol debugging is on RouterA# 00:21:06: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:21:06: network 10.0.0.0, metric=88956 00:21:06: network 192.168.1.0, metric=91056 00:21:07: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:21:07: network 172.16.0.0, metric=1100 00:21:16: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:21:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956) 00:21:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 91056 (neighbor 89056) 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

debug ip igrp events 命令 RouterA#debug ip igrp events IGRP event debugging is on RouterA# 00:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Ethernet0 (172.16.1.1) 00:23:44: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:44: IGRP: Total routes in update: 2 00:23:44: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:23:45: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:45: IGRP: Total routes in update: 1 00:23:48: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:23:48: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:23:48: IGRP: Total routes in update: 2 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

路由信息更新举例 RouterA# debug ip igrp trans 00:31:15: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to down 00:31:15: IGRP: edition is now 3 00:31:15: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.1) 00:31:15: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295 00:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 0 interior, 1 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 1 00:31:16: IGRP: broadcasting request on Serial2 00:31:16: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.2 on Serial2 00:31:16: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric 90956 (neighbor 88956) 00:31:16: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible) 00:31:16: network 192.168.1.0, metric 91056 (neighbor 89056) 00:31:16: IGRP: Update contains 1 interior, 2 system, and 0 exterior routes. 00:31:16: IGRP: Total routes in update: 3 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0 X

路由信息更新举例 RouterB#debug ip igrp trans IGRP protocol debugging is on RouterB# 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.1.1.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial2 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 4294967295 (inaccessible) 1d19h: IGRP: edition is now 10 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial2 (10.1.1.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.2.2.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295 1d19h: network 192.168.1.0, metric=89056 1d19h: IGRP: sending update to 255.255.255.255 via Serial3 (10.2.2.2) 1d19h: subnet 10.1.1.0, metric=88956 1d19h: network 172.16.0.0, metric=4294967295 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0

路由信息更新举例 RouterB#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set I 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial3 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:14, Serial3 RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: ..... Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) RouterB# 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0 X

路由信息更新举例 172.16.1.1 S2 E0 S3 192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.2.2.2 10.1.1.2 S2 S3 10.2.2.3 172.16.1.0 A B C 192.168.1.0 E0 RouterB#debug ip igrp transactions RouterB# 1d20h: IGRP: received update from 10.1.1.1 on Serial2 1d20h: network 172.16.0.0, metric 89056 (neighbor 1100) RouterB# RouterB#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set I 172.16.0.0/16 is possibly down, routing via 10.1.1.1, Serial2 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 C 10.2.2.0 is directly connected, Serial3 I 192.168.1.0/24 [100/89056] via 10.2.2.3, 00:00:18, Serial3 RouterB#ping 172.16.1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/38/48 ms

With ip classless Default With no ip classless Drop ip classless 命令 Router(config)#ip classless S0 Default route 172.16.0.0 E0 10.1.0.0 Network Protocol Destination Network C C RIP 10.1.0.0 10.2.0.0 172.16.0.0 via 0.0.0.0 Exit Interface E0 S0 S0 E0 10.2.0.0 To get to 10.7.1.1:

本章总结完成本章的学习后，你应该能够掌握：何时使用静态路由、何时使用动态路由在 Cisco 路由器上设置静态路由描述距离矢量的路由协议的工作原理在 Cisco 路由器上设置 RIP 和 IGRP 路由协议利用 show ip route 、 show ip protocols 和其他的调试命查看路由信息

问题回顾 1. IGRP 协议比 RIP 协议有什么优点？ 2. 要实现一个大型网络的 IP 路由，应该使用什么路由协议？

第8讲 Rip和Igrp

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第8讲 Rip和Igrp