9-29-15 IEEE-CVT Presentation by EH-Final
- 1. Ed Hightower IEEE-CVT Dallas,TX September 29, 2015
- 2. Brief history of M2M and the Internet of Things (IoT) Key Components of the IoT Devices / remote terminals / objects Wireless Networks: now and in the future Cellular WiFi / Bluetooth / Mesh / Short Range Devices / etc. Low PowerWANs:Weightless / LoRaWANs / NB-LTE / SIGFOX IoT Backend: infrastructure, platforms, databases Software Defined Networking Network FunctionVirtualization Q&A
- 3. These are my personal observations Not speaking on behalf of BlackBerry or any other entity Thanks to these companies and groups for the public information they provided Logos shown in this presentation are copyrights of their respective owners
- 4. 1926: NikolaTesla in an interview with Colliers magazine: "When wireless is perfectly applied the whole earth will be converted into a huge brain, which in fact it is, all things being particles of a real and rhythmic whole.........and the instruments through which we shall be able to do this will be amazingly simple compared with our present telephone. A man will be able to carry one in his vest pocket." 1832: An electromagnetic telegraph was created by Baron Schilling in Russia, and in 1833 Carl Friedrich Gauss andWilhelmWeber invented their own code to communicate over a distance of 1200 m within Göttingen, Germany. 1844: Samuel Morse sends the first Morse code public telegraph message "What hath God wrought?" fromWashington, D.C. to Baltimore.
- 5. Telemetry SCADA Industrial Automation Telematics Wireline Microwave Private Radio Wi-Fi Satellite
- 8. Digitize Deceptive Disruptive Dematerialize Demonetize Democratize Peter Diamandis of - X Prize Foundation - Singularity University
- 9. Integrated circuit is invented in 1958 Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce changed the world Basis for all electronic devices we have today 1984 - Bell telephone monopoly was disbanded Early 80’s – personal computers Early 90’s – the Internet became available to the masses 2007 – Apple introduced the iPhone
- 11. The Internet ofThings will: Become the nervous system for the planet Help optimize our planet: smarter power distribution more efficient cities digital battlefields self-optimizing supply chains hyper-targeted products
- 16. Sensors / Actuators Processor / Memory Transceiver Embedded Application Embedded Operating System (OS)
- 17. EMBEDDED OS / SOFTWAREAPPS / SYSTEMS INTEGRATION QNX Wind River LynxWorks Green Hills Software DDC-I Linux Mentor Graphics Windows CE & NT Embedded ENEA AB Sysgo Samsung SierraWireless Telit NetconnWireless Kontron Novatel Wireless
- 18. Devices in the future will become: More ubiquitous More intelligent Smaller Economical Like dust
- 20. Wireline Microwave Private Radio Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE) Wi-Fi / Mesh / ZigBee / SRD Satellite
- 21. • Cellular is very expensive, power hungry and complex to implement and manage • Wi-Fi, mesh, ZigBee, Bluetooth, etc. suffer from short range and complexity to manage large scale deployments • Private radio, microwave are not ubiquitous • Satellite is expensive and impractical for many applications.
- 22. 22 Projected by Type Lo Power WAN Internet of objects LAN BT Cellular
- 23. Per Machina Research: • More than 50% of IoT/M2M connections need only a few bytes of data transmitted to and from the remote device periodically • Real-time communications not needed i.e. some latency is acceptable • Long battery life required • In-building coverage/penetration desired
- 24. Connected Devices: Access Short Range Communicating Devices Long Range w/ Battery Internet of Objects Long Range w/Power Traditional M2M Well established standards Good for: • Mobile devices • In-home • Short range Not good: • Battery life • Long range Well established standards Good for: • Long range • High data-rate • Coverage Not good: • Battery life • Cost Emerging PHY solutions / Undecided Good for: • Long range • Long battery • Low cost Not good: • High data-rate Cellular Lo Power WAN LAN
- 25. Narrow band vs Spread spectrum Unlicensed frequencies vs Cellular spectrum Key approaches to LPWAN implementation:
- 26. Typical LPWAN Protocols: WeightlessW ▪ Spread spectrum inTVWhite Space Weightless N and P ▪ Ultra narrow band LoRa protocol standards ▪ Spread spectrum – ISM bands SIGFOX ▪ Ultra narrow band NB-LTE (Nokia-Intel-Ericsson) ▪ 3GPP approved on Sept. 14, 2015 NB-CIoT (Huawei-Vodafone-China Unicom)
- 27. Internet of Objects 80% of volume Requirements: Connect battery operated low cost assets? Outdoor & harsh environments Low cost communication Low cost infrastructure Low power technology Robust communication Permits mobility Scalable system
- 28. • White Space refers to frequencies allocated to a broadcasting service but not used locally • FCC Approved use of White Space in Sept. 2010 – Geolocation database must be queried to confirm frequency is available in that area – No spectrum sensing sensor required in device (WSD) • VHF/UHF TV Channels 7 - 69 (174-800 MHz) of particular interest due to propagation and global harmonization – VHF/UHF travels far and penetrates buildings well – TV channels are same around the world
- 29. ISM (Industrial, scientific & medical radio bands) and Short Range Device (SRD): • 902 – 928 MHz in US • 868 - 870 MHz in Europe (telemetry) • 169, 433, 470 – 510, 780 MHz Unlicensed WiFi frequencies in both the US and Europe • 2.4 / 5.8 GHz Cellular frequencies (dedicated channels, subcarriers / guard bands) • FCC / Ofcom under pressure to make additional frequencies available
- 30. Open Standard Ultra Narrow Band One-way communications Differential binary phase shift keying Sub 1-GHz unlicensed spectrum Frequency hopping 128 bit AES shared secret key regime
- 31. High performance Adaptive data rate - 200 bps to 100kbps Two-way communication 169, 433, 470 – 510, 780, 868, 915 MHz Long range 2km in urban environment Ultra-low-power Ultra-low-power <10uA/node : <10% of BT or ZigBee network Adaptive data rate from 200bps to 100kbps Using common PHY (GFSK, oQPSK, 802.15.4) Ultra-large network Easily-scaled up to 50,000 wireless clients Consistent energy efficiency across all clients Smart networking for easy maintenance - Reliable wireless Interactive radio using sub-1GHz ISM bands excellent coverage and penetration FDMA+TDMA modulation in 12.5 kHz channels AES-128 encryption for security www.weightless.org/about/weightlessP For more info
- 33. Proprietary protocol Spread spectrum technology Long range / Two-way comm. Low power consumption Three classes of device endpoints: Class A – each endpoint transmission is followed by two short downlink receive windows / long battery life Class B – Class A functionality plus extra receive windows at scheduled times Class C – continuously open receive windows closed only when the endpoint is transmitting
- 35. Proprietary protocol Ultra Narrow Band Added two-way communications recently Head start – deployed in 8 countries Plan for 60 countries in 5 years Will provide global cellular-IoT connectivity Significant ecosystem/investment partners Samsung, Telefonica, SKTelecom, NTT Docomo, GDF Suez, Air Liquide, Eutelsat, Elliott Mgt., etc. Received over $145 in investments as of mid 2015 About to launch in 10 US cities
- 36. LoRa utilized a spread spectrum based modulation Advantages Demodulate below noise floor – 30dB better than FSK Better sensitivity than FSK (better Eb/No) More robust to interference, noise, and jamming Spreading codes orthogonal – multiple signals can occupy same channel Tolerant to freq offsets (unlike DSSS) LoRa Overview
- 37. NB-CIoT (Narrow Band – Cellular IoT) Promoted by Huawei (purchased Neul) A variation of theWeightless-W by Neul Support fromVodafone and China Unicom Needs clean slate, i.e. an overlay network Low power consumption Low cost modules Support for massive number of devices Low delay sensitivity
- 38. NB-LTE (Narrow Band – LTE) Accepted by 3GPP as standard Sept. 14, 2015 Pushed by Nokia, Ericsson and Intel Can be fully integrated into existing LTE networks Backward compatible with existing LTE networks Works within current LTE bands and guard bands Does not need an overlay network Low power consumption Low cost modules Support for massive number of devices Low delay sensitivity
- 39. Alcatel-Lucent Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell AT&T CATT DeutscheTelekom Ericsson Huawei HiSilicon Intel Interdigital LG Electronics Nokia Networks OPPO Panasonic Qualcomm Incorporated Samsung Sony SouthernLINC Sprint Telecom Italia SPA Telefonica TeliaSonera T-Mobile US u-blox US Cellular Verizon Vodafone ZTE Corporation
- 40. • SigFox – (UNB) • NwaveTechnologies – (Weightless-N) • Semtech – (LoRaWAN - proprietary) • M2Communications(Weightless-P) • Huawei (formerly Neul) – (Weightless) • On-Ramp is now Ingenu – (Total Reach / RPMA - Utilities) • Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) / Cellular Carriers – (NB-LTE a 3GPP std., Release 13, product expected 2018) • Entrepreneurs / startups
- 41. pCell/pWave radios transmit signals that deliberately interfere with each other, combining to synthesize tiny pCells, each just one cm in size pCell is a pure software-defined radio C-RAN Steve Perlman and team have worked on this over a decade Recently announced pCell IoT and pCellVR Artemis web page: http://www.artemis.com/ Stanford University lecture/demo: http://www.artemis.com/pcell
- 45. Software-defined networking (SDN) is an approach to computer networking that allows network administrators to manage network services through abstraction of higher-level functionality. This is done by decoupling the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying systems that forward traffic to the selected destination (the data plane).
- 46. Experts say that SDN, through its ability to intelligently route traffic and use underutilized network resources, will make it much easier to prepare for the data onslaught of IoT. SDNs will eliminate bottlenecks and induce efficiencies to help the data generated by IoT to be processed without placing a larger strain on the network.
- 48. OpenFlow protocols & SDN SDN is much more than just OpenFlow protocols Whole eco-system: SDN Apps Network OS Network Elements Interfaces in between Control Plane Data Plane Applications API Network Operating System API API Switch/Network Element API SDN
- 49. Network-function virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that uses the technologies of IT virtualization to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may connect, or chain together, to create communication services. NFV focuses on optimizing the network services themselves. NFV decouples the network functions, such as DNS, Caching, etc., from proprietary hardware appliances, so they can run in software to accelerate service innovation and provisioning, particularly within service provider environments.
- 53. Together, in fact, they represent a path toward more generic network hardware and more open software, where the centralized control and management decreed in SDN can in part be realized through the virtualized functions and capabilities that come from NVF.
- 56. Q&A
Editor's Notes
- #7: Thanks to Moore’s law, the cost of sensors, processors, memory and all things electronic has to dropped significantly while doubling its capability every two years or so.
- #8: Break up of Bell Telephone Monopoly in 1984; creation of integrated circuits in the 70’s; personal computers in early 80’s; internet in early 90’s; iPhone in 2007.
- #14: Thanks to Moore’s law, the cost of sensors, processors, memory and all things electronic has to dropped significantly while doubling its capability every two years or so.
- #18: A lot of focus on reliability (hard real-time OS important for some apps), Security and robust environment important as well.