9th Computer Network for the students to help them
- 1. A computer network is a collection of interconnected computing devices that share data, resources, and information. Basic components required for network:- 1. Sender 2. Receiver 3. Transmission Medium 1. Wired (LAN Cable, Co-axial, Fiber Optics) 2. Wireless(Radio Waves, Infrared, Microwaves)
- 2. • A Personal Area Network (PAN) is a small-scale computer network connecting devices within a limited range, usually around an individual's workspace. • Local Area Network (LAN): Connects devices in a limited geographical area, such as a home or office. • Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): Connects devices across a larger area, like a city. • Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects devices across large geographical distances, such as different cities or countries.
- 3. Network devices are hardware and software components that enable communication and data transfer between devices on a computer network. • Routers: Direct data packets between different networks. • Switches: Forward data packets within a local network. • Hubs: Connect multiple devices, but don't filter traffic like switches. • Modems: Convert digital signals to analog signals and vice versa for internet access. • Bridges: Connect different segments of a network. • Gateways: Connect different types of networks, such as a local network and the internet. • Repeaters: Amplify and rebroadcast network signals to extend range. • Wireless Access Points: Enable wireless devices to connect to a wired network. • Firewalls: Protect networks from unauthorized access and cyber threats.
- 4. Setting up network connection in computer – Wireless, Ethernet • To set up a network connection on a computer, you can use either a wireless (Wi-Fi) or an Ethernet connection. Wireless connections are established by connecting to a nearby Wi-Fi network, while Ethernet connections use a physical cable to connect to a network or router.
- 5. Wireless (Wi-Fi) Setup: 1.Ensure your computer has a Wi-Fi adapter: Most laptops and many desktops have built- in Wi-Fi adapters. If not, you may need to purchase a separate USB Wi-Fi adapter. 2.Turn on Wi-Fi: 2. Windows: Look for the Wi-Fi icon in the system tray (usually bottom-right corner). Click it to see available networks. 3. Mac: Click the Wi-Fi icon in the menu bar and select your desired network. 3.Select a Wi-Fi network: Choose the network you want to connect to from the list of available networks. 4.Enter the password: If the network is password- protected, enter the password when prompted. 5.Connect: Once connected, your computer will have a Wi-Fi network connection. Ethernet Setup: 6.Ensure your computer has an Ethernet port: 7. Most computers have a standard RJ-45 Ethernet port. 8.Connect the Ethernet cable: 9.To a router: Plug one end of the Ethernet cable into your computer's Ethernet port and the other end into an open port on your router. 10.To a network switch: If connecting to a network switch, plug one end of the cable into your computer and the other into an available port on the switch.
- 6. TCP and IP are essential protocols for internet communication, working together to ensure reliable data delivery. TCP (Transmissio n Control Protocol): Reliable Data Transfer: TCP guarantees that data is delivered in the correct order and that no packets are lost or corrupted. Error Handling: TCP includes mechanisms to detect and correct errors during data transmission. Connection Management: TCP establishes a connection between the sender and receiver before data transmission begins, ensuring a reliable communication channel. IP (Internet Protocol): Addressing: IP provides a unique address (IP address) to each device on the network, allowing data to be routed to the correct destination. Routing: IP determines the best path for data packets to travel across the internet, ensuring they reach their destination efficiently. Packet Delivery: IP handles the fragmentation, assembly, and delivery of data packets,
- 7. These are some basic DOS commands used for networking: • ping is used to test connectivity between a device and another. • ipconfig is used to display network configuration information and can release and renew IP addresses. • nslookup is used to query DNS servers and resolve domain names to IP addresses. • tracert shows the path packets take to reach a destination, including the time it takes at each hop.
- 8. Solving Network Issues Identifying the problem: Clearly define the issue, like slow internet, no internet, or inability to connect to specific websites. Checking physical connections: Ensure all cables are properly plugged in, including the ethernet cable to your router and the router's power cable. Verifying IP address: Use the ipconfig command to check if your device has a valid IP address. Pinging a device: Use the ping command to test connectivity to a specific website or device. Checking router connectivity: Access your router's settings to verify that it is connected to the internet and that your device is allowed access to the network. Checking device drivers: Update or reinstall network adapter drivers. Virus scans: Run a full system scan for malware that might be interfering with your network. Online solutions: Search for specific error messages or troubleshooting guides online