![~ 190 ~
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2016; 3(5): 190-191
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38
IJPESH 2016; 3(5): 190-191
© 2016 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 01-07-2016
Accepted: 02-08-2016
Dr. Karmishtha Shambharkar
Assistant Professor, Department
of Physical Education, VIPRA
College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh,
India.
CD Agashe
Prof. SOS in Physical Education,
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla
University, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh, India.
Correspondence
Karmishtha Shambharkar
Assistant Professor, Department
of Physical Education, VIPRA
College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh,
India
A comparative study of problem solving skills in elite
and sub-elite players
Karmishtha Shambharkar and CD Agashe
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to compare problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite players.
To conduct the study, 50 elite male players from various sports (Ave. age 26.50 years) were selected as
sample. The selection of elite male players were done from only those sportspersons who took part in
national level individual and team events as well as who came in first four positions in these event. To
fulfil the objectives of the study, 50 intercollegiate male sportspersons (Average age 21.09 years) from
various sports events were also selected as sample and termed as sub-elite players. Purposive sampling
was used for selection of subjects. Hindi version of problem solving ability scale prepared by Sharmila
and Naga Subramani (2011) was used to assess problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite male
players. Results indicate that problem solving ability in elite male players was found to be significantly
superior as compared to sub elite male players. It was concluded that elite players are more adept at
solving on and off the court problem as compared to sub-elite players.
Keywords: Elite, sub-elite, problem solving ability
Introduction
Multitasking is an important aspect in sporting field. It involves brain activity while constantly
on the move, anticipate and make strategies. In this sense information processing is key to
success in sports. The executive functions of brain involve reasoning, problem solving and
channelizing movements. In these functions problem solving is one of the most important
aspect. In general terms problem solving consists of finding, analysing and ultimately solving
the problem. It is a mental process that finds a solution to a situation which is an obstacle in
executive certain task or achieving desired goals. It is even more important in competitive
sports because a player needs a solution for his/her technical, tactical, psychological flaws for
betterment of performance.
Researchers such as Trepanier (2000) [1]
, Goudarzi (2005) [2]
, Hasankhoie (2006) [3]
, Neil et al.
(2006) [4]
, Kruger (2010) [5]
, Patel et al. (2011) [6]
, Soltani et al. (2012) [7]
, Esfahani and
Ghezelseflo (2013) [8]
, Mohammadzadeh and Sami (2014) [9]
, identified various mental,
physical, physiological, technical and tactical factors that contribute to sporting success.
Despite extensive research on factors that contribute to sporting success problem solving
ability of elite players has not been explored so far. To fill this void, the present study was
planned to assess problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite players.
Hypothesis
It was hypothesized that problem solving ability in a group of elite and sub-elite players will
differ significantly.
Method
To test the abovementioned hypothesis, following methodological steps were taken.
Sample
To conduct the study, 50 elite male players from various sports (Ave. age 26.50 years) were
selected as sample. The selection of elite male players were done from only those
sportspersons who took part in national level individual and team events as well as who came](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-5-11-160921072150/85/A-comparative-study-of-problem-solving-skills-in-elite-and-sub-elite-players-1-320.jpg)
![~ 191 ~
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
in first four positions in these event. To fulfil the objectives of
the study, 50 intercollegiate male players (Average age 21.09
years) from various sports events were also selected as sample
and termed as sub-elite players. Purposive sampling was used
for selection of subjects.
Tools
Hindi version of Problem Solving Ability Scale prepared by
Sharmila and Naga Subramani (2011) was used to assess
problem solving ability of selected elite and sub elite players.
It is based on 5-point Likert scale. The problem solving ability
scale consists of 40 items with fair reliability and validity
coefficient.
Procedure
50 elite and 50 sub elite male players were identified and
selected purposively as per the sample requirement of the
present study. Prior consent was obtained from each subjects
regarding their participation in this study. Hindi version of
problem solving scale prepared by Sharmila and Naga
Subramani (2011) was administered to each subject as per his
convenience and comfort in a peaceful corner. The responses
so obtained were scored as per author’s manual. Finally the
data were tabulated in their respective groups. Independent
sample‘t’ test was used to compared problem solving ability of
elite and sub elite players. The result is depicted in table 1.
Results
Table 1: Comparison of Problem Solving Ability of Elite and Sub-elite Male Players
Variable
Elite Players (N=50) Sub-elite Players (N=50)
t Level of Significance
M S.D. M S.D.
Problem Solving Ability 118.26 12.42 107.84 12.88 4.11 .01
t(df=98) = 2.63 at. 01 level
A perusal of table 1 reveal that problem solving ability of elite
male players was significantly superior (M=118.26) as
compared to sub-elite male players (M=107.84). The
calculated t=4.11 gives statistical weightage to this finding at.
01 level of significance.
Discussion
The results of the present study clearly indicate that general
executive functions such problem solving ability is important
in sporting success. Executive function such as problem
solving is a part of global cognitive controls. According to
Green et al. (2008) [10]
, it is an ability to use working memory
so that future actions can be predicted. Hence it can be said
that due to superior problem solving ability elite players can
predict a problem situation much earlier than sub-elite players
which enables them to find solution and act accordingly in a
match situation. This gives elite players an added advantage
during play.
Conclusion
On the basis of results it may be concluded that superior
problem solving ability is one of the psycho-cognitive factor
that is a pre-requisite of attaining success in sports.
References
1. Trepanier A. Physiological characteristics and
performance of NHL entry draft players. Health Science
and Recreation, McGill University, Canada, 2000, 69,
2. Goudarzi AM. The Role of Intelligence in the
Enhancement of the Performance of the Athletes Motion
Journal. 2005; 1(5):45-65.
3. Hasankhoie A. The Relations between Social Intelligence
and Sporting Skills of Saloon Football Players. The
Olympic Quarterly. 2006; 5(6):66-81.
4. Neil R, Mellalieu SD, Hanton S. Psychological skills
usage and the competitive anxiety response as a function
of skill level in rugby union. Journal of Sports Science
and Medicine. 2006; 5:415-423.
5. Kruger A. Sports psychological skills that discriminate
between successful and less successful female university
field hockey players. African Journal of Physical, Health
Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 2010;
16(2):239-250.
6. Patel S, Pandey U, Saxena S. Indian Journal of Applied
Research, 2011; 1(3):201-202.
7. Soltani, H.; Reddy S, Syed Reza, Attarzadeh Hosseini,
Syed Bahador Zaki. Comparison of competitive State
Anxiety among Elite and Non- Elite Badminton Players in
Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2012;
6(10):2698-2703.
8. Esfahani N, Ghezelseflo H. The comparison of
psychological skills of Elite and non-Elite Karate ka and
its relation with athletes’ performance, Quarterly Journal
of Psychological Studies. 2013; 9(1):109-120.
9. Mohammadzadeh H, Sami S. Psychological Skills of Elite
and Non-Elite Volleyball Players. Annals of Applied
Sport Science, 2014; 2(1):31-36.
10. Greene CM, Braet W, Johnson K, Bellgrove MA. Imaging
the genetics of executive function. Biological psychology
2008; 79:30-42.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3-5-11-160921072150/85/A-comparative-study-of-problem-solving-skills-in-elite-and-sub-elite-players-2-320.jpg)
A comparative study of problem solving skills in elite and sub-elite players
- 1. ~ 190 ~ International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2016; 3(5): 190-191 P-ISSN: 2394-1685 E-ISSN: 2394-1693 Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38 IJPESH 2016; 3(5): 190-191 © 2016 IJPESH www.kheljournal.com Received: 01-07-2016 Accepted: 02-08-2016 Dr. Karmishtha Shambharkar Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, VIPRA College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. CD Agashe Prof. SOS in Physical Education, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. Correspondence Karmishtha Shambharkar Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, VIPRA College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India A comparative study of problem solving skills in elite and sub-elite players Karmishtha Shambharkar and CD Agashe Abstract The objective of the present study was to compare problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite players. To conduct the study, 50 elite male players from various sports (Ave. age 26.50 years) were selected as sample. The selection of elite male players were done from only those sportspersons who took part in national level individual and team events as well as who came in first four positions in these event. To fulfil the objectives of the study, 50 intercollegiate male sportspersons (Average age 21.09 years) from various sports events were also selected as sample and termed as sub-elite players. Purposive sampling was used for selection of subjects. Hindi version of problem solving ability scale prepared by Sharmila and Naga Subramani (2011) was used to assess problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite male players. Results indicate that problem solving ability in elite male players was found to be significantly superior as compared to sub elite male players. It was concluded that elite players are more adept at solving on and off the court problem as compared to sub-elite players. Keywords: Elite, sub-elite, problem solving ability Introduction Multitasking is an important aspect in sporting field. It involves brain activity while constantly on the move, anticipate and make strategies. In this sense information processing is key to success in sports. The executive functions of brain involve reasoning, problem solving and channelizing movements. In these functions problem solving is one of the most important aspect. In general terms problem solving consists of finding, analysing and ultimately solving the problem. It is a mental process that finds a solution to a situation which is an obstacle in executive certain task or achieving desired goals. It is even more important in competitive sports because a player needs a solution for his/her technical, tactical, psychological flaws for betterment of performance. Researchers such as Trepanier (2000) [1] , Goudarzi (2005) [2] , Hasankhoie (2006) [3] , Neil et al. (2006) [4] , Kruger (2010) [5] , Patel et al. (2011) [6] , Soltani et al. (2012) [7] , Esfahani and Ghezelseflo (2013) [8] , Mohammadzadeh and Sami (2014) [9] , identified various mental, physical, physiological, technical and tactical factors that contribute to sporting success. Despite extensive research on factors that contribute to sporting success problem solving ability of elite players has not been explored so far. To fill this void, the present study was planned to assess problem solving ability of elite and sub-elite players. Hypothesis It was hypothesized that problem solving ability in a group of elite and sub-elite players will differ significantly. Method To test the abovementioned hypothesis, following methodological steps were taken. Sample To conduct the study, 50 elite male players from various sports (Ave. age 26.50 years) were selected as sample. The selection of elite male players were done from only those sportspersons who took part in national level individual and team events as well as who came
- 2. ~ 191 ~ International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health in first four positions in these event. To fulfil the objectives of the study, 50 intercollegiate male players (Average age 21.09 years) from various sports events were also selected as sample and termed as sub-elite players. Purposive sampling was used for selection of subjects. Tools Hindi version of Problem Solving Ability Scale prepared by Sharmila and Naga Subramani (2011) was used to assess problem solving ability of selected elite and sub elite players. It is based on 5-point Likert scale. The problem solving ability scale consists of 40 items with fair reliability and validity coefficient. Procedure 50 elite and 50 sub elite male players were identified and selected purposively as per the sample requirement of the present study. Prior consent was obtained from each subjects regarding their participation in this study. Hindi version of problem solving scale prepared by Sharmila and Naga Subramani (2011) was administered to each subject as per his convenience and comfort in a peaceful corner. The responses so obtained were scored as per author’s manual. Finally the data were tabulated in their respective groups. Independent sample‘t’ test was used to compared problem solving ability of elite and sub elite players. The result is depicted in table 1. Results Table 1: Comparison of Problem Solving Ability of Elite and Sub-elite Male Players Variable Elite Players (N=50) Sub-elite Players (N=50) t Level of Significance M S.D. M S.D. Problem Solving Ability 118.26 12.42 107.84 12.88 4.11 .01 t(df=98) = 2.63 at. 01 level A perusal of table 1 reveal that problem solving ability of elite male players was significantly superior (M=118.26) as compared to sub-elite male players (M=107.84). The calculated t=4.11 gives statistical weightage to this finding at. 01 level of significance. Discussion The results of the present study clearly indicate that general executive functions such problem solving ability is important in sporting success. Executive function such as problem solving is a part of global cognitive controls. According to Green et al. (2008) [10] , it is an ability to use working memory so that future actions can be predicted. Hence it can be said that due to superior problem solving ability elite players can predict a problem situation much earlier than sub-elite players which enables them to find solution and act accordingly in a match situation. This gives elite players an added advantage during play. Conclusion On the basis of results it may be concluded that superior problem solving ability is one of the psycho-cognitive factor that is a pre-requisite of attaining success in sports. References 1. Trepanier A. Physiological characteristics and performance of NHL entry draft players. Health Science and Recreation, McGill University, Canada, 2000, 69, 2. Goudarzi AM. The Role of Intelligence in the Enhancement of the Performance of the Athletes Motion Journal. 2005; 1(5):45-65. 3. Hasankhoie A. The Relations between Social Intelligence and Sporting Skills of Saloon Football Players. The Olympic Quarterly. 2006; 5(6):66-81. 4. Neil R, Mellalieu SD, Hanton S. Psychological skills usage and the competitive anxiety response as a function of skill level in rugby union. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2006; 5:415-423. 5. Kruger A. Sports psychological skills that discriminate between successful and less successful female university field hockey players. African Journal of Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance (AJPHERD), 2010; 16(2):239-250. 6. Patel S, Pandey U, Saxena S. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 2011; 1(3):201-202. 7. Soltani, H.; Reddy S, Syed Reza, Attarzadeh Hosseini, Syed Bahador Zaki. Comparison of competitive State Anxiety among Elite and Non- Elite Badminton Players in Iran. Advances in Environmental Biology, 2012; 6(10):2698-2703. 8. Esfahani N, Ghezelseflo H. The comparison of psychological skills of Elite and non-Elite Karate ka and its relation with athletes’ performance, Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 2013; 9(1):109-120. 9. Mohammadzadeh H, Sami S. Psychological Skills of Elite and Non-Elite Volleyball Players. Annals of Applied Sport Science, 2014; 2(1):31-36. 10. Greene CM, Braet W, Johnson K, Bellgrove MA. Imaging the genetics of executive function. Biological psychology 2008; 79:30-42.