A Comprehensive Study on Multi-hop Ad hoc Networking and Applications: MANET and VANET
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This document summarizes a dissertation defense on multi-hop ad hoc networking and applications like MANET and VANET. The dissertation studied challenges in general multi-hop networks, proposed a new vehicular network architecture using mobility prediction, and conducted experiments comparing real networks to simulations. It explored routing protocols, cross-layer interactions, and applications like streaming video over multi-hop wireless networks. Future work is outlined on system design, algorithm analysis, and wireless resource scheduling for vehicular networks.
![POGR – Mathematical Modelling
Time Space
NIP
ϬTi Time, t1 Time, t2 Time, t1 Time, t2
Time, t1
S I D
δt
I D
ϕ(distTSI, distGSI)δt
distTSI
• The value of time required to receive a data packet from node S to D through intermediate
node I for ith time over a time period [t1, t2] can be written as,
• ϕ(X, Y)δt is the cumulative change function of variable X and Y over a time of δt
• For nth time the above equation can be written as below,
• Number of time intervals required to know the predictive trajectory may be calculated as
• GLU is the frequency in time required for the on-board positioning system to update location
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A Comprehensive Study on Multi-hop Ad hoc Networking and Applications: MANET and VANET
- 1. A Comprehensive Study on Multi-hop Ad hoc Networking and Applications: MANET and VANET Joarder Mohammad Mustafa Kamal M.Res. Dissertation Defence Staffordshire University September 16, 2010
- 2. Introduction • Multi-hopping with relay nodes • Decentralised coordination • Network resource sharing • Infrastructure less 01/08/2011 2
- 3. Research Challenges • General-purpose multi-hop ad hoc network • Scalability and Interoperability • Mobility and Internet – Applications and Scenarios • Transport layer protocols – TCP/UDP enhancements • Wireless PHY and MAC enhancements • Suitable routing protocols • Cross-layer protocol interactions • Power and bandwidth consumption Realism of reality 01/08/2011 3
- 4. Aim and Objectives • Aim • Real-life implementation and experimentations of Multi-hop Ad hoc Network and its variations • Develop a new ITS/WAVE network architecture based on mobility prediction utilising the vehicular ad hoc networking • Objectives • Real-life Experimentations Vs. Simulation – Real MANET • Propose guidelines for realistic simulation and analysis • Explore and in-detail analysis of VANET/ITS/WAVE architecture and realistic simulations – mobility models, routing, etc. • Integration of VANET/WAVE and Mobility Data Mining – case studies, simulations, mathematical analysis 01/08/2011 4
- 5. Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks B • Mobile Ad hoc Network 169.254.216.93 A D (MANET) – truly dynamic 169.254.172.66 C 169.254.93.156 169.254.74.133 OBU OBU • Vehicular Ad hoc OBU Network (VANET) – OBU fixed/semi-fixed OBU OBU patterns OBU OBU OBU (On-board Unit), RSU (Road-side Unit) 01/08/2011 5
- 6. Real Experiment Vs. Simulation: Topology 01/08/2011 6
- 7. Real Experiment Vs. Simulation: Cases Case Scenario Source Network Protocol Used Experiment/ Destination Experiment Simulation Simulation Time in sec. Case-1 Scenario-1 A-D ICMP CBR over UDP 300 Case-2 Scenario-2 A-D ICMP CBR over UDP 120 Case-3 Scenario-3 A-D ICMP CBR over UDP 120 Case-4 Scenario-4 A-D ICMP CBR over UDP 120 Case-5 Scenario-1 A-B, C, D HTTP over TCP FTP over TCP 180 Case-6 Scenario-1 A-D HTTP over TCP FTP over TCP 300 • Open field experiment using Olsrd in IEEE 802.11g network • Simulation – ns-2/UM-OLSR • 100 ICMP/CBR packets of 1500 bytes size, bidirectional • Performance metrics – throughput, PDR, E2E delay, etc. • Shadowing propagation with path-loss; β=2.3 and σdB=6.0 dB 01/08/2011 7
- 8. Case-1: String Topology with Static Nodes 01/08/2011 8
- 9. Case-2: String Topology with Roaming Node 01/08/2011 9
- 10. Case-3: String Topology with End Node Swap 01/08/2011 10
- 12. Case-5: String Topology with No Restriction • Streaming Video from A to B, C, D 01/08/2011 12
- 13. Case-6: String Topology with Restriction • Streaming Video from A to D 01/08/2011 13
- 14. VANET Simulation – Non-rush Scenarios • Street Map of Washington, DC, USA (TIGER/Line 2006) • VanetMobiSim/ns-2, urban scenario, 20/210 vehicles, TCP/UDP • IEEE 802.11a Vs. 802.11p with AODV/DSR; then AODV Vs. OLSR 01/08/2011 14
- 15. IEEE 802.11a Vs. 802.11p with AODV, DSR 01/08/2011 • 20 vehicles in a non-rush scenarios 15
- 16. AODV Vs. OLSR in IEEE 802.11p draft • 5 different traffic patterns are used • Non-rush hour scenario with 210 vehicles 01/08/2011 16
- 17. WAVE/ITS Simulation with NCTUns-6.0 • UK M42 Motorway J4, Active Traffic Management (ATM) • No. of Vehicles: 1/2/4 • Agent Controlled 802.11p cars • Ricean fading (β=2.8 and σdB=6.0dB) 01/08/2011 17
- 18. ITS Scenarios in IEEE 1609/WAVE • Data Rate: 3Mbps • Simulation: 115, 60 sec • 1500 bytes UDP data 01/08/2011 18
- 19. Mobility Prediction-based ITS Network Vehicular Information Management (VIM) Systems Mobility Data Mining Vehicle’s Current Mobility Mobile Internet Information Office/Home Networks On-demand service After Market Solutions from roadside service Providers providers Predictive Mobility OBU Information Safe Distance Notification Adaptive Cruise Control RSU Onboard Navigation RSU Network Packet OBU Routing and Forwarding Decision Blind Spot Notifications Lane Departure Warning Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Speed Limit Warning RSU – Roadside Unit Pedestrian Crossing Notification OBU – Onboard Unit Emergency Road Work Warning
- 20. POGR – Specialise Case Scenarios Scenario-1 Scenario-2 Greedy Packet Forwarding based on predictive mobility information Opportunistic DTN is an Routing is required emerging while OBUs are out technology for of the direct future communication ubiquitous range of any RSU mobile and need V2V computing and communication communication Scenario-3 01/08/2011 20
- 21. POGR: ns-2 Model for Specific Case Analysis Centralised VIM and Prediction-based Opportunistic Greedy Routing W(0) (POGR) DM Engine - Mobility Data Mining - Mobility Prediction RSU Gateway - Mobility Pattern Analysis W(1) POGR Case Analysis • Greedy Forwarding RSU(1) RSU(2) • Opportunistic Routing • Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) Car-C Car-B Car-D Car-A
- 22. POGR Scenarios: AODV Vs. OLSR ns-2 Simulation Model • IEEE 802.11p MAC and PHY • 5.8GHz Band with 20MHz channel • 3Mbps data rate • Mobile IP enabled OBU 01/08/2011 22
- 23. POGR – Mathematical Modelling Time Space NIP ϬTi Time, t1 Time, t2 Time, t1 Time, t2 Time, t1 S I D δt I D ϕ(distTSI, distGSI)δt distTSI • The value of time required to receive a data packet from node S to D through intermediate node I for ith time over a time period [t1, t2] can be written as, • ϕ(X, Y)δt is the cumulative change function of variable X and Y over a time of δt • For nth time the above equation can be written as below, • Number of time intervals required to know the predictive trajectory may be calculated as • GLU is the frequency in time required for the on-board positioning system to update location 01/08/2011 23
- 24. Conclusion • Summary of Contributions: • Multi-hop ad hoc networking – real-life experimentations provide appropriate guidelines and lessons learned to design realistic simulation models • VANET/WAVE – Mobility Data Mining Net. Architecture – provide a new approach in ITS utilising prediction on vehicular mobility - POGR routing algorithm • Applications – Streaming audio/video over multi-hop wireless mesh network (wireless video surveillance system), Internet resource sharing and intelligent on-board navigation and communication medium for vehicles 01/08/2011 24
- 25. Future Works System design and basic building block for software architecture Roadside Units Correctness and complexity analysis of POGR algorithm (RSU) On-board Unit Router V2V and I2V (OBU) Planner High Rate Cooperative Communication Location and Information V2V Mobility Exchange Medium Rate Information Multi-hop Communication Wireless Vehicular Ad hoc I2V On-board Communication Networking Low Rate Sensors Interface Communication Vehicle Control Mechanics Wireless channel On-board Visualisation allocation and for Information, application request Warnings and scheduling based on Notifications timing priority
- 26. Selective Reference • Marco Conti, JC, Andrea Passarella (ed.) 2007, Multi-hop Ad Hoc Networks from Theory to Reality, Nova Science Publishers, Inc., New York. • C. Siva Ram Murthy, BSM 2004, Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Architectures and Protocols, Prentice Hall. • Hannes Hartenstein, KPL (ed.) 2010, VANET Vehicular Applicaitons and Inter- Networking Technologies, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd, Publication. • Stephan Olariu, MCW (ed.) 2009, Vehicular Networks From Theory to Practice, CRC Press. • Mobility, Data Mining and Privacy - Geographic Knowledge Discovery 2008, Springer. 01/08/2011 26
- 27. Research Team Joarder Dr. Mohammad Dr. Alison L Prof. Hongnian Yu, Mohammad Shahidul Hasan, Carrington, Third Supervisor Mustafa Kamal, First Supervisor Second Supervisor Research Student 01/08/2011 27
- 28. Thank You Questions? 01/08/2011 28