A nutrition-sensitive approach for quinoa developmen
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Quinoa has a nutrient-rich profile and bioactive compounds that could help address malnutrition. However, a nutrition-sensitive approach is needed to maximize its impact. This involves understanding the local nutrition challenges, integrating quinoa production with nutrition education and behavior change, and ensuring quinoa is acceptable, accessible, and part of a sustainable food value chain that empowers women and improves incomes to enable healthy diets. Addressing constraints across the supply, demand and policy environment can help strengthen quinoa's potential contribution to better nutrition.
A nutrition-sensitive approach for quinoa developmen
- 1. A Nutrition-sensitive approach for quinoa development Dr. Ana Islas Ramos, Nutrition Officer and Ruobin Wu, MS, Intern
- 2. Table of Contents • Quinoa’s nutrient profile • Nutrition-sensitive Approach - From quinoa production to healthy diets, nutrition and sustainability
- 3. Quinoa’s nutrient profile Good source of bioavailable protein, polyunsaturated fats, vitamins and minerals. • Protein – Quantity depends on the variety, (11%- 19%) – Bioavailable • Fat – More fat than other grains – linoleic (omega-6) and linolenic (omega-3) acid. Source: FAO. 2013. Nutritional value- International Year of Quinoa URL: http://www.fao.org/quinoa-2013/what-is-quinoa/nutritional- • Carbohydrate and Fiber – Low glycemic index – 10% both soluble and insoluble • Vitamins and Minerals – Carotenoids, B vitamins, C and E – Calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and zinc
- 4. Other bioactive compounds • Saponins – Possible antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, antithrombotic, diuretic, and anti‐inflammatory effects • Phytosterols – Possible anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and anticarcinogenic effects • Phytoecdysteroids, phenolycs, betalains, and others Source: Graf et al 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12135
- 5. Source: 1) FAO. 2017. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems in practice. Options for intervention. URL: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7848e.pdf 2) FAO. 2020. FAO Nutrition Marker Guidance Note 2013-14 (298 children in 4 Andean communities in Ecuador) • 48.6% of stunted • 43.3% overweight • 67.8% lived in a household with food insecurity
- 6. What is the Nutrition-sensitive approach? • Nutrition-sensitive agriculture – Maximize agriculture’s contribution to nutrition – Food-based (variety, nutritional value, social-rural livelihoods) – Poverty, gender equity, nutrition education – Multisectoral Source: 1) FAO. 2017. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems in practice. Options for intervention. URL: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7848e.pdf 2) FAO. 2020. FAO Nutrition Marker Guidance Note
- 7. What is the Nutrition-sensitive approach? Source: 1) FAO. 2017. Nutrition-sensitive agriculture and food systems in practice. Options for intervention. URL: http://www.fao.org/3/a-i7848e.pdf 2) FAO. 2020. FAO Nutrition Marker Guidance Note • Criteria Improving diets and nutrition is a significant and/or a principal objective Dietary and nutrition challenges are clearly identified A theory of change is formulated (impact, indicators) Human and/or financial resources are allocated Do no harm
- 8. Steps of Nutrition-sensitive Approach Nutrition situation analysis Prevalence of malnutrition? Dietary patterns and needs? Availability and accessibility? Health and sanitation? Policy context? … Source: 1) FAO. Design and monitor Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture and Food Systems Programmes (Unpublished). 2) FAO. 2018. How to conduct a Nutrition Situation Analysis. URL: https://elearning.fao.org/course/view.php?id=393 Partnership, resources, and expertise Steps of Nutrition-sensitive programme
- 9. Output OutcomeIntermediate outcome Impact Supply of nutritious quinoa product Increased Increased income and assets Income used to enable practice healthy diets Consumption of quinoa products and other nutritious foods promoted Healthy behaviours and practices promoted Own- consumption of quinoa products Increased Conducive policy environment for quinoa production and consumption enabled Wider community increased demand for quinoa and other nutritious foods Sociocultural norms support healthy diets Robust quinoa value chain Developed Output: Tested and demonstrated promising Quinoa varieties Output: Determined mechanisms of adaptation and nutritional characteristics Output: Integrated crop and pest management practices Output: Supported small seed enterprises Output: Increased awareness and demand Output: Enhanced capacity of stakeholders for value chain development Output: Developed policy frameworks Stability and efficiency of production enhanced Acceptability and nutrient value of quinoa increased Seeds systems strengthened Adaptability to abiotic stresses enhanced Market and businesses opportunities identified Value-added quinoa products promoted Post-harvest practice improved Product quality Improved Crop production and productivity Increased Greater retailer purchases of quinoa products Income IPConsumption own IP Nutrition Knowledge IPFood environment IP Availability and affordability of quinoa products Increased Contribute Healthy diets Women Empowerment Impact Pathway Quinoa Development Impact Pathways Improved Nutrition
- 10. Output OutcomeIntermediate outcome Impact Supply of nutritious quinoa product Increased Increased income and assets Income used to enable practice healthy diets Consumption of quinoa products and other nutritious foods promoted Healthy behaviours and practices promoted Own- consumption of quinoa products Increased Conducive policy environment for quinoa production and consumption enabled Wider community increased demand for quinoa and other nutritious foods Sociocultural norms support healthy diets Robust quinoa value chain Developed Output: Tested and demonstrated promising Quinoa varieties Output: Determined mechanisms of adaptation and nutritional characteristics Output: Integrated crop and pest management practices Output: Supported small seed enterprises Output: Increased awareness and demand Output: Enhanced capacity of stakeholders for value chain development Output: Developed policy frameworks Stability and efficiency of production enhanced Acceptability and nutrient value of quinoa increased Seeds systems strengthened Adaptability to abiotic stresses enhanced Market and businesses opportunities identified Value-added quinoa products promoted Post-harvest practice improved Product quality Improved Crop production and productivity Increased Greater retailer purchases of quinoa products Income IPConsumption own IP Nutrition Knowledge IPFood environment IP Availability and affordability of quinoa products Increased Contribute Healthy diets Women Empowerment Impact Pathway Quinoa Development Impact Pathways Improved Nutrition Improved production and marketing Improved • Acceptability • Nutrient value • Stability of production • Value chains • Demand • Women empowerment • Etc… Improved •Income •Assets •Diets •Nutrition
- 11. Women Empowerment Impact Pathway Nutrition-sensitive approach for quinoa development Improved Nutrition Promote healthy diets 1) Consumption of own production improved 2) Income used to enable practice of healthy diets Nutrition situation and challenges? Dietary patterns and needs? Food environment? How quinoa contribute to local diet? Is quinoa the best solution? Is quinoa acceptable? Understand the value of quinoa? Post-harvest processing and storage Food preparation and cooking practice Knowledge and practice? Income increased? Robust quinoa value chain developed Quinoa production and product quality improved Availability, affordability and accessibility of nutritious foods Cognitive, skills, aspirational factors? Abilities, desires, preferences and knowledge Source: 1) FAO. 2015. Designing Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Investments Checklist and guidance for programme formulation. URL: ttp://www.fao.org/3/a-i5107e.pdf 2) Fanzo J, Haddad L, McLaren R, et al. The Food Systems Dashboard is a new tool to inform better food policy. Nat Food. 2020.
- 12. Women Empowerment Impact Pathway Nutrition-sensitive approach for quinoa development Improved Nutrition Promote healthy diets 1) Own-consumption of quinoa products increased 2) Income used to enable practice of healthy diets increased Nutrition situation and challenges? Dietary patterns and needs? Food environment? How quinoa contribute to local diet? Is quinoa acceptable? Understand the value of quinoa? Post-harvest processing and storage Food preparation and cooking practice Knowledge and practice? Income increased? Robust quinoa value chain Developed Quinoa production and product quality Improved Availability, affordability and accessibility of nutritious foods Cognitive and aspirational factors? Information, desires, preferences and knowledge Source: 1) FAO. 2015. Designing Nutrition-Sensitive Agriculture Investments Checklist and guidance for programme formulation. URL: ttp://www.fao.org/3/a-i5107e.pdf 2) Fanzo J, Haddad L, McLaren R, et al. The Food Systems Dashboard is a new tool to inform better food policy. Nat Food. 2020. Do No HarmWhat is the best available solution?
- 13. Project formulation - Nutrition-sensitive Approach Co-development of solutions Value chain development Monitor and evaluation Participatory nutrition situation analysis Nutrition Education and Behaviour Change Communication strategy Implementation Sustainable food value chain (SFVC) approach
- 14. Improved quinoa production practices Improve seed supply system Market facilitation Conduct of value chain analysis Improve policy frameworks Quinoa development initiative – an example Nutrition analysis Additional selection criteria: Nutrition improvement potential
- 15. Improved quinoa production practices Improve seed supply system Market facilitation Conduct of value chain analysis Improve policy frameworks Quinoa development initiative – an example Nutrition analysis Additional selection criteria: Nutrition improvement potential Nutrition value, food safety and food loss; Demand from market/ from target group Addressing constraints in supply, demand and nutrition value
- 16. Improved quinoa production practices Improve seed supply system Market facilitation Conduct of value chain analysis Improve policy frameworks Linking NSVC to SFVC Nutrition analysis Additional selection criteria: Nutrition improvement potential Nutrition value, food safety and food loss; Demand from market/ from target group Addressing constraints in supply, demand and nutrition value CapacityDevelopmentforNutrition
- 17. Activities -- Nutrition-sensitive Approach Learn about the consumers Adapt to local practices and preferences Nutrition situation analysis Hands-on Food and Nutrition Education Address consumer needs Communication activities
- 18. In summary • Quinoa is a whole grain with an interesting nutrition profile • However, its potential to improve nutrition depends on many factors: – Is it the best solution in the context where it is proposed? • Does it address the nutrition issues? • Alternative solutions (could be simpler) – Not only acceptance by consumers, but access ($ and physical), competition of other products/practices, addressing real needs, etc – Do no harm
Editor's Notes
- #2: Laguna (2011)