A policy perspective on Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)
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The document discusses the role of Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) in enhancing energy efficiency and performance in buildings, particularly in the context of European policies like the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) and the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). It highlights various European regulatory frameworks, including the introduction of a Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) to assess building capabilities in optimizing energy usage and occupant comfort. The SRI is anticipated to promote investment in smart technologies and facilitate the transition to energy-efficient building systems across the EU.
A policy perspective on Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS)
- 2. Introduction1 Overview of main policy context for BACS2 Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3 EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4 Conclusions Q&A 5 6
- 3. Speakers Stijn Verbeke stijn.verbeke@vito.be Paul Van Tichelen paul.vantichelen@vito.be Senior researchers and project managers at VITO/Energyville www.vito.be or www.energyville.be
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- 6. Energyville is a top research institute on sustainable energy system for large urban areas. Energyville’s 300 researchers develop new technology, knowledge and methodologies, resulting in new products and services, development of human capital, and science-based policy support from local to global level.
- 7. Defined in European and International standards as “comprising all products and engineering services for automatic controls (including interlocks), monitoring, optimization, for operation, human intervention and management to achieve energy–efficient, economical and safe operation of building services”. In practice, a wide range of services related to systems that provide A wide range of heterogeneous product type Hence, a link to wide range of policy initiatives Building Automation and Control Systems (BACS) What are they? • Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) • domestic hot water (DHW) • Lighting • Electrical power distribution • Metering • Technical building management • Access control • Security • Fire safety • etc.
- 8. Introduction1 Overview of main policy context for BACS2 Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3 EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4 Conclusions Q&A 5 6
- 9. • Energy Performance of Buildings Directive(EPBD) (2010/31/EU): is the EU's main legislative instrument promoting the improvement of the energy performance of buildings within Europe and providing a stable environment for investment decisions to be taken. • The amended EPBD (EU) 2018/844 (June/2018) • Ecodesign Directive (ED) (Directive 2009/125/EC) = Framework to set mandatory minimum requirements on performance or information via Implementing Measures specified in EU Regulation on products/systems Overview of the main EU policy context for BACS (1/2) o Article 8 is reviewed and now defines a Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings o Also other articles have been reviewed e.g. related to renovation and inspection of heating systems
- 10. • Energy Labelling Regulation (ELR) (Regulation (EU) 2017/1369) Energy labels help consumers choose energy efficient products • Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) (2012/27/EU). Establishes a set of measures to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more efficiently from production to final consumption • Green Public Procurement (EC Communication COM (2008) 400) a voluntary instrument and provides guidance for public procurement. Other benefits: If an incentivising policy framework for EU-wide BACS deployment were to be adopted, there is a potential net employment creation benefit of 1.3 to 2.1 million jobs by 2030 across the EU. Overview of the main EU policy context for BACS (2/2)
- 11. Overlay of all EU product policy instruments (source: EC JRC – note this excludes some instruments applying to installed systems)
- 12. Introduction1 Overview of main policy context for BACS2 Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3 EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4 Conclusions Q&A 5 6
- 13. • EU countries must draw-up long-term national building renovation strategies which can be included in their National Energy Efficiency Action Plans = much room for local policy. • It is a framework for promoting the EU 2020 energy efficiency target (20%) • It requires Energy audits for large companies (article 8) which can be done with Building Automation system (country specific requirements) and needs to be carried out every 4 years • For SMEs set up support schemes and promotion for energy audits, training for energy audits For BACS, it can go beyond purchase/install and therefore benefit from fine tuning. Regular audits, training, promotion fit in the EED policy framework Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) – BACS examples
- 14. Green Public Procurement (GPP) – BACS examples • Helps public authorities to procure (purchase) green products in for example public tenders ≠ the cheapest product that fullfill a set of criteria. • BACS are covered by the EU GPP Criteria for Office Building Design, Construction and Management (2016), contains: • Direct Technical specifications (performance requirements) for: Lighting control systems (B2), Building energy management system((B3) (e.g. real time information with half hourly metering..) • Indirect BACS AWARD CRITERIA based on EPC (kWh/(y.m²), hence BACS on the condition that EPBD takes them into account in their calculations.
- 15. • Policy measures in ED - framework to set regulation/acts: • Product level measures, such as: minimum eco-design performance limits (e.g. control accuracy), minimum ecodesign compatibility requirements, and information requirements. • System level measures, such as: a system labelling similar to an installer label and compatibility requirements for products installed within technical building systems Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign Directive(ED) – BACS examples
- 16. • Existing examples related to BACS are: • Classification of temperature controllers • Supplement to package label Regulation (EU) for space heaters, combination heaters and packages. • Smart control factor in hot water storage tanks. Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign Directive (ED) )/Energy Labelling Regulation(ELR) – BACS examples
- 17. » To harvest more energy saving potential from BACS a new study is launched to explore more possibilities for BACS related products under ED/ELR - https://ecodesignbacs.eu/welcome » Currently, a new exploratory report describing new possibilities for BACS ED/ELR is available. » Based on the report and the input received from stakeholders, the EC will launch the full preparatory study (2019-2020) » Based on this study new (reviewed) IM/acts under ED/ELR can be expected > 2020 Implementing Measures/Acts under the Ecodesign Directive(ED)/Energy Labelling Regulation(ELR) – BACS examples
- 18. Introduction1 Overview of main policy context for BACS2 Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3 EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4 Conclusions Q&A 5 6
- 19. • Energy Performance Certificates (EPC) for buildings being constructed, rented or sold • Inspection schemes for heating and air conditioning systems • EU member states must set minimum energy performance requirements • for new buildings • for major renovation of buildings >1000m² Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) (2002/91/EC) 2002 EPBD publication 2006 DeadlineMS application Highlights
- 20. • Cost-optimal minimum energy performance requirements • Extension requirements of EPC and heating and cooling system inspections • All new buildings must be nearly zero-energy buildings by 31 December 2020 (public authority buildings by 31 December 2018) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 EPBD RECAST (2010/31/EU) 2002 EPBD publication 2006 DeadlineMS application 2010 2019 2021 Highlights EPBDrecast Newpublic buildingsNZEB Allnew buildingsNZEB
- 21. Note: significant variety in EPC implementation and methodologies across member states. Currently, some national (and regional) implementations of the EPC already take into account some BACS effects e.g. some EPC calculation methodologies can • take into account the effect of smarter room temperature regulation • assess the energy benefits of daylight compensated artificial lighting control e.g. relying on EN 15232 standard (Energy Performance of Buildings – Impact of Building Automation, Controls, and Building Management) , part of EPBD calculation framework Simplified approach, using four different BAC efficiency classes (A, B, C, D) BACS in current EPC regulations
- 22. • National long-term renovation strategies • Smart technologies will be further promoted e.g. requirements on self-regulating devices that regulate temperature at room or zone level e.g. permanent system performance monitoring as alternative to heating system inspection e.g. recharging points for electric vehicles • Introduction of a Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2018 (2018/844/EU) Highlights 2002 EPBD publication 2006 DeadlineMS application 2010 2019 2021 EPBDrecast Newpublic buildingsNZEB Allnew buildingsNZEB 2018 AmendedEPBD
- 23. 10. The Commission shall, by 31 December 2019, adopt a delegated act in accordance with Article 23, supplementing this Directive by establishing an optional common Union scheme for rating the smart readiness of buildings. The rating shall be based on an assessment of the capabilities of a building or building unit to adapt its operation to the needs of the occupant and the grid and to improve its energy efficiency and overall performance. In accordance with Annex Ia, the optional common Union scheme for rating the smart readiness of buildings shall: (a) establish the definition of the smart readiness indicator; and (b) establish a methodology by which it is to be calculated.
- 24. “Smart readiness” aspects in scope of SRI the ability to adapt its operation mode in response to the needs of the occupant while paying due attention to the availability of user-friendliness, maintaining healthy indoor climate conditions and the ability to report on energy use e.g. use of CO2 sensors to decide when to increase ventilation e.g. Dashboards displaying current and historical energy consumption 1
- 25. “Smart readiness” aspects in scope of SRI the ability to maintain energy performance and operation of the building through the adaptation of energy consumption for example through use of energy from renewable sources; e.g. Management of heating and lighting system based on occupancy sensors e.g. Load-shifting to increase self-consumption of local generated renewable energy 2
- 26. “Smart readiness” aspects in scope of SRI the flexibility of a building’s overall electricity demand, including its ability to enable participation in active and passive as well as implicit and explicit demand response, in relation to the grid, for example through flexibility and load shifting capacities e.g. Reduce power consumption when grid demand is high 3
- 27. SRI technical support study Final report available at www.smartreadinessindicator.eu Verbeke S., Waide P., Bettgenhäuser K., Uslar M.; Bogaert S. et al.; “Support for setting up a Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings and related impact assessment - final report”; August 2018; Brussels AIM Provide technical support to the DG Energy in order to feed the negotiations and decision process regarding (potentially) setting up a ‘Smart Readiness Indicator for Buildings’
- 28. The following slides contain extracts from the SRI technical support study. The information and views set out in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the Commission. Additional technical studies are planned and consultation with stakeholders will continue to be an essential part of the process towards the establishment of the SRI.
- 29. Proposed SRI methodology I. Determine the individual smart ready services present in a building II. Assess the impact score of the service according to various impact criteria III. Weigh the impacts to an overall score using a multi-criteria assessment method
- 30. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium
- 31. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium FACTSHEET Construction Nov 2013 – June 2016 Inauguration 22 September 2016 Location Genk, Belgium (Thor science and business park on abandoned coal mine site) Architect Atelier Kempe Thill Building usage Office + laboratory for 250 EnergyVille researchers “Living lab”
- 32. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium • STEP 1: Triage: which smart ready services are relevant for this building? For the EnergyVille I building, 44 services remain to be assessed after the triage e.g. if there is no domestic hot water storage, services on controlling such storage are irrelevant for this building
- 33. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium • STEP 1: Triage: which services are relevant for this building? e.g. if there is no DHW, there is no need to inspect how this is controlled • STEP 2: assess the functionality level of each service example: Service Functionality level 0 (as non-smart default) Functionality level 1 Functionality level 2 Functionality level 3 Functionality level 4 Occupancy control for indoor lighting Manual on/off switch Manual on/off switch + additional sweeping extinction signal Automatic detection (auto on / dimmed or auto off) Automatic detection (manual on / dimmed or auto off)
- 34. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium inspecting the various services
- 35. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium • STEP 1: Which services are relevant for this building? e.g. if there is no DHW, there is no need to inspect how this is controlled • STEP 2: Assess the functionality level of each relevant service • STEP 3: Calculation: count impact scores and apply weightings • STEP 4: Calculation: What is the maximum obtainable score? • STEP 5: Calculate normalised SRI score
- 36. Example building: EnergyVille I office, Genk, Belgium Result Energy Flexibility Self- generation Comfort Convenience Wellbeing and Health Maintenance & fault prediction Information to occupants Ordinal impact score case study building 54 18 5 34 42 13 16 20 Maximum obtainable score for the case study building 73 25 5 45 61 19 23 30 Relative score 74% 72% 100% 76% 69% 68% 70% 67% Overall score after weighting: 77% of the potential smartness impacts can be achieved
- 37. Introduction1 Overview of main policy context for BACS2 Policy examples of BACS in EED, GPP, ED/ELR3 EPBD + Smart Readiness Indicator for buildings4 Conclusions Q&A 5 6
- 38. • The optimisation of a building’s operation with BACS can generate an average net savings potential across the EU of 15% to 22% from all building energy consumption. • The EPBD can be used to set minimum requirements for newly installed TBSs, which could include provisions for BACS, and the EED could be applied to help provide funding & accreditation and training needs. • Information requirements are a must. • A full preparatory study for BACS is expected by the end of the year. Conclusions BACS
- 39. • The SRI shall provide information on the technological readiness of buildings to interact with their occupants, increase performance of operation and interact with the energy grids, through the use of ICT technologies. • The SRI is expected to become a cost-effective measure that can • raise awareness about the benefits of smart technologies and ICT in buildings (from an energy perspective, in particular) • motivate consumers to accelerate investments in smart building technologies • support the uptake of technology innovation in the building sector • The process for defining the SRI will further develop in the coming months Conclusions Smart Readiness Indicator
- 40. Thank you for your attention Further reading: • https://ecodesignbacs.eu/welcome • https://smartreadinessindicator.eu/ • www.vito.be • www.energyville.be stijn.verbeke@vito.be paul.vantichelen@vito.be