![RELATED WORK
[1] Mahajan, H. B., Rashid, A. S., Junnarkar, A. A., Uke, N., Deshpande, S. D.,
Futane, P. R., ... & Alhayani, B. (2023). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integration
of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health
records systems. Applied Nanoscience, 13(3), 2329-2342.
Findings:
1.Cloud-based EHRs have gained attraction for remote patient monitoring, especially within Healthcare 4.0, utilizing
IoT and cloud computing for smart city healthcare.
2. To address security concerns with patient data on the cloud, blockchain-based solutions are explored in this paper,
offering insights, challenges, and a roadmap for advancing Healthcare 4.0 technology.
Limitation: Conventional security solutions for EHRs struggle to balance computational efficiency, user
verification, and strong security without a trusted third party, prompting the investigation of blockchain-based
alternatives in this research.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-4-320.jpg)
![[2] Patil, S. D., Kathole, A. B., Kumbhare, S., & Vhatkar, K. (2024). A Blockchain-
Based Approach to Ensuring the Security of Electronic Data. International Journal of
Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(11s), 649-655.
Findings:
• Conventional medical data digitization poses challenges like time-consuming searches and security risks.
Blockchain technology addresses these issues by enhancing security and access to critical patient information.
• Blockchain's decentralized nature improves healthcare data management, ensuring better access to medication
records and patient history. Its reliability and resilience make it superior for safeguarding medical records compared
to existing methods.
Limitation :
• Blockchain enhances healthcare data management, yet challenges persist in system integration and scalability as
medical data grows.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-5-320.jpg)
![[3] Chamola, V., Goyal, A., Sharma, P., Hassija, V., Binh, H. T. T., & Saxena, V. (2023).
Artificial intelligence-assisted blockchain-based framework for smart and secure EMR
management. Neural Computing and Applications, 35(31), 22959-22969.
Findings:
• Medical records, containing sensitive patient information, are stored electronically, driving the need for decentralized
storage using IPFS and Ethereum DApp for data protection.
• An AI-powered blockchain framework proposes consolidating medical records into a concise patient history report, aiding
emergency situations by securely storing vital information for quick retrieval.
Limitation :
• One limitation is the need for widespread adoption, while another is the accuracy of OCR techniques for processing
various medical records.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-6-320.jpg)
![[4] Shah, V., Thakkar, V., & Khang, A. (2023). Electronic health records security and
privacy enhancement using blockchain technology. In Data-Centric AI Solutions and
Emerging Technologies in the Healthcare Ecosystem (pp. 1-13). CRC Press.
Findings:
• Electronic health records (EHRs) are vulnerable to privacy breaches in centralized systems, prompting the need for
secure solutions.
• Hyperledger Fabric offers a privacy-focused solution using blockchain technology.
Limitation :
• One limitation is the lack of discussion on Hyperledger Fabric's privacy-preserving mechanisms, particularly
concerning transaction linkability and data privacy within the network.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-7-320.jpg)
![[5] Guduri, M., Chakraborty, C., & Margala, M. (2023). Blockchain-based federated
learning technique for privacy preservation and security of smart electronic health
records. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.
Findings:
• Introduces blockchain-based encryption with federated learning for secure, scalable EHR storage.
• Employs smart contracts and proxy re-encryption, validated on Ethereum testbed for enhanced security.
Limitation :
• The limitation of this system lies in its reliance on blockchain technology and federated learning, which may introduce
complexity and potential scalability issues in real-world implementation.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-8-320.jpg)
![[6] Singh, D., Nagaraju, D., Mohan, B. R., Bojjawar, S., Burada, S., Kumar, S. P., ... & Sundar,
R. (2023). Electronic Health Record Sharing in Cloud Computing with Privacy and Security
Preservation Using Blockchain Technology. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and
Applications in Engineering, 11(10s), 407-422.
Findings:
• EHRs in cloud computing lack robust security, leading to privacy concerns.
• A novel Whale-based Cryptographic Blockchain (WBCB) technique is proposed for enhanced security, compared to
conventional methods using MATLAB.
Limitation :
• The limitation of the proposed WBCB technique is that its effectiveness and scalability in real-world healthcare
settings remain untested.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-9-320.jpg)
![[7] Alsuqaih, H. N., Hamdan, W., Elmessiry, H., & Abulkasim, H. (2023). An efficient
privacy-preserving control mechanism based on blockchain for E-health applications.
Alexandria Engineering Journal, 73, 159-172.
Findings:
• IoT advancements in healthcare allow for remote data analysis, but protecting patient privacy is a challenge, especially
with sensitive medical files stored on third-party servers.
• Blockchain technology offers a solution by enabling secure health data exchange, with proposed strategies including
access control systems. Experimental data shows Blockchain's effectiveness in ensuring data security and resisting
security breaches.
Limitation :
• While blockchain offers potential for secure health data exchange, its implementation may face scalability and
interoperability challenges, hindering widespread adoption in healthcare systems.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-10-320.jpg)
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[1]Krishnan S. S. R. et al., "A Blockchain-Based Credibility Scoring Framework for Elec- tronic Medical Records,"
IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps, 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459). (2020).
[2]Pilkington, M. Blockchain Technology: Principles and Applications. InF. X. Olleros & M. Zhegu (ed.), Research
Handbook on Digital Transformations (pp. 225-253). Edward Elgar Publishing. (2016).
[3] Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Sirer, E. G. and Renesse R. V., “Bitcoin-NG: a scalable blockchain protocol,” i 13th Usenix
Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’16), Berkeley, CA, USA, pp.45-59, (2016).
[4]CoinMarketCap.Com, “Crypto Currency Market Capitalization,” [online] Available:
https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/, last accessed 2018/8/15.
[5] I. Kar. Estonian Citizens Will Soon Have the World’s Most Hack-Proof Health-Care Rec- ords. (2016). [Online]
Available: http://qz.com/628889/this-eastern-european-country-is-moving-its- health-records to-the-blockchain , last
accessed 2019/8/15.
[6] Joshi, P. The Blockchain of Things: Why it is a major game changer for Internet of Things. (2017). [Online]
Available: http://www.forbesindia.com/blog/health/the-blockchain-of- things- why- it-is-a-major-game-changer-for-
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[7]Facilitating the Transi-tion to Patient-Driven Interoperability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J.,16,224-230. doi:
10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.003. (2018).
[8] Sahoo, M.S., Baruah, P.K.. HBasechainDB – A Scalable Blockchain Framework on Ha- doopEcosystem. In: Yokota,
R., Wu, W. (eds) Supercomputing Frontiers. SCFA 2018. Lecture Notesin Computer Science, 10776. Springer, Cham .
[9] Zhang, A. and Ma, X.Decentralized Digital Certificate Revocation System Based on Blockchain. Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, 1069(1), (2018).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-15-320.jpg)
![Continue…
[10] Yakubov, A., Shbair, W. M., Wallbom A., Sanda D. and State R., "A blockchain-based PKI management framework,"
NOMS 2018 - 2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/NOMS.2018.8406325.
(2018).
[11] Kubilay, M. Y., Kiraz, M. S. and Mantar, H. A. CartLedger:A New PKI Model with Certificate Transparency Based on
Blockchain. [Online]Available: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1806.03914. (2018).
[12] Asif-Ur-Rahman, M., et al.: Toward a heterogeneous mist, fog, and cloud-based framework for the internet of healthcare
things. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(3), 4049–4062 (2018).
[13] Biswas, S., Akhter, T., Kaiser, M., Mamun, S., et al.: Cloud based healthcare application architecture and electronic medical
record mining: An integrated approach to improve healthcare system. In: 2014 17th International Conference on Computer and
Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 286–291. IEEE (2014).
[14] Gunter, T.D., Terry, N.P.: The emergence of national electronic health record architectures in the united states and Australia:
models, costs, and questions. J. Med. Internet Res. 7(1), e3 (2005).
[15] Ivan D. Moving toward a blockchain-based method for the secure storage of patient records. In: ONC/NIST Use of
Blockchain for Healthcare and Research Workshop. Gaithersburg, MD: United States: ONC/NIST (2016). p. 1–11.
[16] Mahajan, H. B., Rashid, A. S., Junnarkar, A. A., Uke, N., Deshpande, S. D., Futane, P. R., ... & Alhayani, B. (2023).
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records
systems. Applied Nanoscience, 13(3), 2329-2342.
[17] Patil, S. D., Kathole, A. B., Kumbhare, S., & Vhatkar, K. (2024). A Blockchain-Based Approach to Ensuring the Security of
Electronic Data. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(11s), 649-655.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/paperpresentation-240404145215-f1715009/85/A-Proposed-Blockchain-Based-Secure-Electronic-Health-Record-System-16-320.jpg)
A Proposed Blockchain Based Secure Electronic Health Record System
- 1. A Proposed Blockchain Based Secure Electronic Health Record System Presented By: Pooja Singhal Assistant Professor ABES Engineering College,Ghaziabad
- 2. OUTLINE • Introduction • Related Work • Methodology • Implementation • Conclusion • Future Work • References
- 3. INTRODUCTION
- 4. RELATED WORK [1] Mahajan, H. B., Rashid, A. S., Junnarkar, A. A., Uke, N., Deshpande, S. D., Futane, P. R., ... & Alhayani, B. (2023). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records systems. Applied Nanoscience, 13(3), 2329-2342. Findings: 1.Cloud-based EHRs have gained attraction for remote patient monitoring, especially within Healthcare 4.0, utilizing IoT and cloud computing for smart city healthcare. 2. To address security concerns with patient data on the cloud, blockchain-based solutions are explored in this paper, offering insights, challenges, and a roadmap for advancing Healthcare 4.0 technology. Limitation: Conventional security solutions for EHRs struggle to balance computational efficiency, user verification, and strong security without a trusted third party, prompting the investigation of blockchain-based alternatives in this research.
- 5. [2] Patil, S. D., Kathole, A. B., Kumbhare, S., & Vhatkar, K. (2024). A Blockchain- Based Approach to Ensuring the Security of Electronic Data. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(11s), 649-655. Findings: • Conventional medical data digitization poses challenges like time-consuming searches and security risks. Blockchain technology addresses these issues by enhancing security and access to critical patient information. • Blockchain's decentralized nature improves healthcare data management, ensuring better access to medication records and patient history. Its reliability and resilience make it superior for safeguarding medical records compared to existing methods. Limitation : • Blockchain enhances healthcare data management, yet challenges persist in system integration and scalability as medical data grows.
- 6. [3] Chamola, V., Goyal, A., Sharma, P., Hassija, V., Binh, H. T. T., & Saxena, V. (2023). Artificial intelligence-assisted blockchain-based framework for smart and secure EMR management. Neural Computing and Applications, 35(31), 22959-22969. Findings: • Medical records, containing sensitive patient information, are stored electronically, driving the need for decentralized storage using IPFS and Ethereum DApp for data protection. • An AI-powered blockchain framework proposes consolidating medical records into a concise patient history report, aiding emergency situations by securely storing vital information for quick retrieval. Limitation : • One limitation is the need for widespread adoption, while another is the accuracy of OCR techniques for processing various medical records.
- 7. [4] Shah, V., Thakkar, V., & Khang, A. (2023). Electronic health records security and privacy enhancement using blockchain technology. In Data-Centric AI Solutions and Emerging Technologies in the Healthcare Ecosystem (pp. 1-13). CRC Press. Findings: • Electronic health records (EHRs) are vulnerable to privacy breaches in centralized systems, prompting the need for secure solutions. • Hyperledger Fabric offers a privacy-focused solution using blockchain technology. Limitation : • One limitation is the lack of discussion on Hyperledger Fabric's privacy-preserving mechanisms, particularly concerning transaction linkability and data privacy within the network.
- 8. [5] Guduri, M., Chakraborty, C., & Margala, M. (2023). Blockchain-based federated learning technique for privacy preservation and security of smart electronic health records. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics. Findings: • Introduces blockchain-based encryption with federated learning for secure, scalable EHR storage. • Employs smart contracts and proxy re-encryption, validated on Ethereum testbed for enhanced security. Limitation : • The limitation of this system lies in its reliance on blockchain technology and federated learning, which may introduce complexity and potential scalability issues in real-world implementation.
- 9. [6] Singh, D., Nagaraju, D., Mohan, B. R., Bojjawar, S., Burada, S., Kumar, S. P., ... & Sundar, R. (2023). Electronic Health Record Sharing in Cloud Computing with Privacy and Security Preservation Using Blockchain Technology. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 11(10s), 407-422. Findings: • EHRs in cloud computing lack robust security, leading to privacy concerns. • A novel Whale-based Cryptographic Blockchain (WBCB) technique is proposed for enhanced security, compared to conventional methods using MATLAB. Limitation : • The limitation of the proposed WBCB technique is that its effectiveness and scalability in real-world healthcare settings remain untested.
- 10. [7] Alsuqaih, H. N., Hamdan, W., Elmessiry, H., & Abulkasim, H. (2023). An efficient privacy-preserving control mechanism based on blockchain for E-health applications. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 73, 159-172. Findings: • IoT advancements in healthcare allow for remote data analysis, but protecting patient privacy is a challenge, especially with sensitive medical files stored on third-party servers. • Blockchain technology offers a solution by enabling secure health data exchange, with proposed strategies including access control systems. Experimental data shows Blockchain's effectiveness in ensuring data security and resisting security breaches. Limitation : • While blockchain offers potential for secure health data exchange, its implementation may face scalability and interoperability challenges, hindering widespread adoption in healthcare systems.
- 11. METHODOLOGY
- 12. • Participant registration & information • Securing Data • Smart Contracts Development • Smart Contracts Deployment • Data utilization and administration • Investigation and Acceptance • Persistent surveillance
- 13. IMPLEMENTATION
- 14. CONCLUSION Blockchain technology get the capacity to totally change the healthcare industry. It can enhance the safety, reliability, and availability of patient health data by offering a safe and decentralized environment for the storage and exchange of medical data. FUTURE WORK Future plans for a Blockchain-based secure electronic health record system and the creation of electronic medical certificates include integrating wearable technology and IoT based hardware to gather real-time health data. The smart contract-based applications for secure and automated medical claims processing can be done.
- 15. REFERENCES [1]Krishnan S. S. R. et al., "A Blockchain-Based Credibility Scoring Framework for Elec- tronic Medical Records," IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps, 2020, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/GCWkshps50303.2020.9367459). (2020). [2]Pilkington, M. Blockchain Technology: Principles and Applications. InF. X. Olleros & M. Zhegu (ed.), Research Handbook on Digital Transformations (pp. 225-253). Edward Elgar Publishing. (2016). [3] Eyal, I., Gencer, A.E., Sirer, E. G. and Renesse R. V., “Bitcoin-NG: a scalable blockchain protocol,” i 13th Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI’16), Berkeley, CA, USA, pp.45-59, (2016). [4]CoinMarketCap.Com, “Crypto Currency Market Capitalization,” [online] Available: https://coinmarketcap.com/currencies/, last accessed 2018/8/15. [5] I. Kar. Estonian Citizens Will Soon Have the World’s Most Hack-Proof Health-Care Rec- ords. (2016). [Online] Available: http://qz.com/628889/this-eastern-european-country-is-moving-its- health-records to-the-blockchain , last accessed 2019/8/15. [6] Joshi, P. The Blockchain of Things: Why it is a major game changer for Internet of Things. (2017). [Online] Available: http://www.forbesindia.com/blog/health/the-blockchain-of- things- why- it-is-a-major-game-changer-for- internet-of-things, last accessed 2020/4/12. [7]Facilitating the Transi-tion to Patient-Driven Interoperability. Comput Struct Biotechnol J.,16,224-230. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.06.003. (2018). [8] Sahoo, M.S., Baruah, P.K.. HBasechainDB – A Scalable Blockchain Framework on Ha- doopEcosystem. In: Yokota, R., Wu, W. (eds) Supercomputing Frontiers. SCFA 2018. Lecture Notesin Computer Science, 10776. Springer, Cham . [9] Zhang, A. and Ma, X.Decentralized Digital Certificate Revocation System Based on Blockchain. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1069(1), (2018).
- 16. Continue… [10] Yakubov, A., Shbair, W. M., Wallbom A., Sanda D. and State R., "A blockchain-based PKI management framework," NOMS 2018 - 2018 IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/NOMS.2018.8406325. (2018). [11] Kubilay, M. Y., Kiraz, M. S. and Mantar, H. A. CartLedger:A New PKI Model with Certificate Transparency Based on Blockchain. [Online]Available: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1806.03914. (2018). [12] Asif-Ur-Rahman, M., et al.: Toward a heterogeneous mist, fog, and cloud-based framework for the internet of healthcare things. IEEE Internet Things J. 6(3), 4049–4062 (2018). [13] Biswas, S., Akhter, T., Kaiser, M., Mamun, S., et al.: Cloud based healthcare application architecture and electronic medical record mining: An integrated approach to improve healthcare system. In: 2014 17th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT), pp. 286–291. IEEE (2014). [14] Gunter, T.D., Terry, N.P.: The emergence of national electronic health record architectures in the united states and Australia: models, costs, and questions. J. Med. Internet Res. 7(1), e3 (2005). [15] Ivan D. Moving toward a blockchain-based method for the secure storage of patient records. In: ONC/NIST Use of Blockchain for Healthcare and Research Workshop. Gaithersburg, MD: United States: ONC/NIST (2016). p. 1–11. [16] Mahajan, H. B., Rashid, A. S., Junnarkar, A. A., Uke, N., Deshpande, S. D., Futane, P. R., ... & Alhayani, B. (2023). RETRACTED ARTICLE: Integration of Healthcare 4.0 and blockchain into secure cloud-based electronic health records systems. Applied Nanoscience, 13(3), 2329-2342. [17] Patil, S. D., Kathole, A. B., Kumbhare, S., & Vhatkar, K. (2024). A Blockchain-Based Approach to Ensuring the Security of Electronic Data. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering, 12(11s), 649-655.
- 17. THANKYOU