A Review on Different Techniques Employed for Enhancing Performance of Solar Cell

© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 847
1Maghar Singh, 2Dr Geena Sharma
1Student, 2HOD
1,2Electrical engineering department
1,2 Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, India
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Abstract- The use of solar energy as a strategy to reduce
global warming's devastating consequences is a
promising area of research. Due to solar energy's low
greenhouse gas emission rate, it has the potential to
replace a large number of traditional energy sources.
The goal of this research is to increase the output of
energy generated by Photovoltaic cells by increasing the
amount of solar radiation and sunshine they receive via
the use of mirrors. The result is increased energy
production from a concentrated area of solar panels. The
study's goals are to (1) assess if simplified mirror
methods may enhance solar cell performance, (2)
identify which features of solar cells can be enhanced by
such approaches, and (3) verify that the solar cells'
performance has been enhanced as a consequence of the
enhancements. Using flat reflectors, more sunlight may
be focused onto the solar panel's surface. Parabolic
reflectors might potentially be used in this situation, but
they are more expensive to make than flat reflectors,
thus that route wasn't taken. This kind of mirror can
only focus sunlight in a certain direction onto a smaller
area if placed in just the right spot. Because of this, the
solar panel's temperature might rise, requiring a cooling
system. Considering that radiation levels are greatest
towards the middle of the day, this is to be expected.
Keywords: Solar panel, battery, mirror technique, PV
panels, Solar photovoltaic systems, Solar PV plants, solar
PV systems, energy storage.
1. Introduction
Solar energy is clean, renewable, and available all except
in the coldest months of the year. It is estimated that in a
single hour, the Earth gets enough solar energy to
provide the whole world with energy for an entire year.
Similarly impressive is solar energy's ability to mitigate
global warming. Solar power has the potential to
substitute many conventional energy sources due to its
low carbon impact. Carbon dioxide emissions are little
released during manufacturing thanks to the use of
conversion devices. Solar energy may be used for many
different purposes, such as providing light, warmth,
distillation, and the production of fuels. Solar energy may
be utilised to create electricity thanks to the
photoelectric effect and the later development of PV cells
(Emetere, Akinyemi and Edeghe., 2016). Solar panels are
commonplace in areas where it would be impractical to
build transmission and distribution lines because they
generate power for local inhabitants. Researchers
Richard Evans Day Adams discovered that selenium
exposed to light generated electricity, although at low
efficiency, in 1876. Following this, researchers dived
deeply into investigating and testing methods to improve
solar cells' efficiency. They negotiated a reduction in the
exorbitant electricity prices to where they are now, only
a few cents per unit. It is expected that in the and William
Grylls future, thanks to innovations like titanium oxide
(TiO2) cells, which have a peak efficiency of 32% in the
lab and an average efficiency of 15-20%, the cost would
drop, making it competitive with other power generating
sources (Jahagirdar, Khot and Joshi., 2019).
Unfortunately, the price of converting solar energy into
usable form is still far higher than the price of electricity
produced by burning fossil fuels. The sun's rays are a
valuable resource, and it is important to capture as much
of them as possible.
2. Discussion
Enhancing Solar Panel Performance with an Easy-to-
Implement Cooling Scheme
The study that was carried out by Jahagirdar, Khot, and
Joshi came to the conclusion that the production of solar
systems and their overall performance are reliant on the
amount of natural sunshine that is available. Despite this,
temperature also plays an essential part in the efficiency
of these systems and is one of the most critical impacts.
It is also one of the most influential factors. The goal of
this study was to determine how the temperature of
solar panels may be lowered while they are functioning
by applying a cooling mechanism, both on the surfaces of
the panels and on the panels themselves. This was done
in order to improve the efficiency of solar energy
production (Jahagirdar, Khot and Joshi. 2019). During
the course of the tests that were performed, it was
discovered that the solar photovoltaic system generates
different levels of output power, output voltage, current,
and efficiency depending on whether or not it is paired
with a cooling system. This was discovered as a result of
the findings that the solar photovoltaic system produces
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 11 | Nov 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Review on Different Techniques Employed for Enhancing
Performance of Solar Cell

different levels of output power, output voltage, and
current.
3. Maintaining Solar Energy Generation in
Highly Convective Coastal Areas
According to the findings of the research project that was
carried out by Emetere, Akinyemi, and Edge, it is
essential to take into consideration the local climate
when building a solar farm that is dependable and
operational in coastal areas. This conclusion was reached
as a result of the research that was carried out.
Researchers were able to get a better understanding of
how minute shifts in the values of other meteorological
components impact the quantity of irradiance received
from the sun by using simulations that took place in
three dimensions. During these computer simulations, a
connection was shown to exist between the level of solar
irradiation, the quantity of daylight, and the surface
temperature (Emetere, Akinyemi and Edeghe., 2016). In
order to offer a dependable source of power supply, the
concept of a solar farm was brought up for discussion.
The key issue that was brought up as a consequence of
the installation of an electronic concentrator pillar was
the anticipated lifespan of the solar module. This was the
primary subject of debate (CP). By making use of
reflectors that are flat in shape, it is possible to acquire
an additional degree of sunlight concentration on the
surface of the solar panel (mirrors). In this case, it is also
conceivable to use reflectors that have a parabolic shape;
however, the manufacturing cost of these reflectors is
more than the manufacturing cost of flat reflectors; as a
result, this alternative approach was not followed. This
particular kind of mirror can only be used in a certain
spot to focus the sunlight into a more condensed area
that is oriented in a specific course (Patel and Gupta.
2022). Because of this, there is a possibility that the
temperature of the solar panel will rise, which would
need the use of an extra cooling mechanism. As a
consequence of this, the concept would call for the use of
two mirrors, both of which would be positioned at
certain angles, and each of them would be responsible
for reflecting more sunlight onto the solar panel. The
setup will be exactly as stated below, and you can see an
illustration of it in figure 1. Although India's geographical
location is favourable for the generation of solar energy
due to the fact that it is a tropical country that is exposed
to solar radiation for almost the entire year, the cost of
the entire system would be higher if it required two
separate tracking mechanisms (for mirror) to track the
sun. This is because India's geographical location is
favourable for the generation of solar energy due to the
fact that it is a tropical country that is exposed to solar
radiation for almost the entire year (Adak,
Bhattacharyya and Barshilia.,
2022). This is due to the fact that India is a tropical
nation. Therefore, utilising permanently directed mirrors
was more convenient than using moveable mirrors, both
in terms of cost and the complexity of the design and
layout. This is because movable mirrors need more
planning and space than permanently directed mirrors.
A relay was used in an effort to achieve the goal of
managing the flow of power to both the solenoid valve
and the stepper motor. The output and intake pipes of
the system were respectively linked to the solenoid valve
and the bottom cooling unit of the SOLAR panel. Both of
these pipes were connected to the system. In order to cut
a circular hole in the panel, it was required to make use
of the hydraulic pressure that was stored in the reservoir
tank that measured 1.5 metres. When the hole was
finally opened, gravity was able to move the cooled
liquid all the way through the panel. Throughout the
duration of the experiment, each and every piece of
apparatus was allowed to sit in the open and was
subjected to the heat of the sun. The tracking data from a
reflecting system was utilised in an effort to monitor the
open- and short-circuit voltage and currents of solar
panels. This was done with the help of a reflecting
system. Because of this, the only way that data could be
obtained was by coating the mirror with a substance that
was opaque. When the power is turned on and the
solenoid valve is activated, water will start to circulate
through the cooling system until it reaches a
temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. This process will
continue until the water achieves the desired
temperature. This procedure will be repeated until the
water reaches the target temperature (Huang et al.,
2013). The microprocessor was in charge of recording
data in an effort to keep an eye on the solenoid valve that
controlled the cooling system. When the temperature at
the output fell to less than 25 degrees Celsius, the valve
was closed off. In order to achieve this objective, the
mirror cover had to be taken off, after which the light
was made to reflect and was then cooled. Due to the fact
that the Standard Test Condition (STC) mandates that
the temperature of the surrounding environment be
maintained at 25 degrees Celsius at all times, it is not
practicable to put this condition into actual practice. This
refers to the actual implementation of solar energy
projects that are being carried out in the here and now.
Between the hours of eleven in the morning and four in
the afternoon, the sun's rays are at their most intense.
This is the best time to go outside. So that we could draw
the clearest and most accurate findings possible from
our investigation, we carried it out between the hours of
noon and three in the afternoon (Hall et al., 2016).
However, when solar panels were cooled with air rather
than water, an increase of around 18–20 percent was
noticed rather than the 26–28 percent that was reported
when solar panels were cooled with water. When we
take into consideration the fact that the blower that was
used to cool the panel in the air-cooling system required

the utilisation of electricity, we are able to arrive at the
conclusion that cooling solar panels with water gives a
significantly larger number of advantages than air
cooling. In addition, we found that the efficiency of the
solar panel grew by a respectable 12 percentage points
when it was exposed to a water layer of 400 millilitres,
but it only rose by 20 percentage points when it was
exposed to a water layer of 100 millilitres (Husain et al.,
2018). Therefore, it is possible to say that the
performance enhancement of the P.V. panel in this
instance only grows up to a particular thickness limit of
water, and then it begins to decrease in comparison to
the optimal thickness limit. This is because the maximum
amount of water that can be present at any given time is
limited by this particular thickness limit. This specific
thickness restriction places a cap on the quantity of
water that may be present at any one moment, which is
why this is the case.
4. Conclusion
Solar energy will, for the foreseeable future, continue to
have both a promising future and a wide variety of
applications from which to choose. This will be the case
for quite some time. Even farther into the future, this will
continue to be the case. The primary expense, on the
other hand, that is associated with the use of this
technology is much greater. By using reflectors in
conjunction with solar panels, it is possible to increase
the amount of light that is gathered while simultaneously
lowering the cost of generating electricity using solar
energy. The results of the tests and the analysis suggest
that using the mirror system leads to increased output of
power in contrast to circumstances in which it is not
used. This conclusion was reached based on the facts.
According to the results of the tests that were performed
on the solar panels, the system that makes use of mirrors
produces more power than the system that does not
make use of mirrors based on the data pertaining to
current and voltage.
These findings were derived from the tests that were
carried out on the solar panels. It is advised that, when
employed for the generation of electricity, two mirrors,
such as those shown in Setup No. 03, be used, with the
mirrors being held at an angle of sixty degrees from one
another. This configuration may be seen in the diagram.
Setting no. 3 (Solar Panel with Reflecting Mirror) is
preferable to the other settings that we have examined,
which is set no. 3 (Solar Panel with Reflecting Mirror) is
preferable to the other settings that we have examined,
which is set no. 3 (Solar Panel with Reflecting Mirror) is
preferable to the other settings that we have examined.
Setting no. 3 (Solar Panel with Reflecting Mirror) is
preferable to the other settings that we have examined.
Setting no. 3 (Solar Panel with (flat solar panel
arrangement and inclined solar panel arrangement). The
fruitful efforts that have been made in research and
design have directly led to an increase in the maximum
power output, which has increased as a direct
consequence of the increase in the maximum power
output.
5.References
1. Adak, D., Bhattacharyya, R. and Barshilia, H.C., 2022. A
state-of-the-art review on the multifunctional
self-cleaning nanostructured coatings for PV panels, CSP
mirrors and related solar devices. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 159, p.112145.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/scie
nce/article/pii/S1364032122000739
2. Emetere, M.E., Akinyemi, M.L. and Edeghe, E.B., 2016.
A simple technique for sustaining solar energy
production in active convective coastal regions.
International Journal of Photoenergy,
2016.https://www.hindawi.com/jou
rnals/ijp/2016/3567502/
3. Hall, S.R., Cashmore, M., Blackburn, J., Koutsourakis, G.
and Gottschalg, R., 2016. Compressive current response
mapping of photovoltaic devices using MEMS mirror
arrays. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and
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https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/
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4. Huang, X., Han, S., Huang, W. and Liu, X., 2013.
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https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/artic
lehtml/2013/cs/c2cs35288e
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6. Jahagirdar, G., Khot, P. and Joshi, S.H., 2019. Improving
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