A Seminar on Cloud Computing
- 1. A Seminar on Cloud Computing A knowledge sharing session by : Dr. Abdullah (Dept. of Computer Science & Engineering, HITEC University, Pakistan) PhD Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
- 2. Why learn about cloud computing ● Everyone is talking about it, it is a buzzword. ● Seen acceleration in cloud adoption. ● One of the five top technology trends according to gartner Image Courtesy: formstack.com 2
- 3. The term “cloud computing” ● The “cloud” in cloud computing originated from the habit of drawing the internet as a fluffy cloud in network diagrams. Image Courtesy: infoworld.com 3
- 5. Paradigm Shifting or Pendulum Swing ● In early days of computing we have central mainframes and minis to which dumb user terminal are connected. ● From late 70s till end of 20th century the paradigm is shifted to PCs, workstation and distributed computing over the network. ● Since 2000’s the industry is again shifting towards centralization, make everything available on the centralized cloud platform and then accessing them ubiquitously through a plethora of platforms. 5
- 6. What is cloud computing? ● It is a business model ● The closest analogy can be of the car/home rental business. ● “A computing paradigm where the boundaries of computing will be determined by economic rationale rather than technical limits alone”. Prof. Ramnath Chellappa (1997) 6
- 7. What is cloud computing (proper perspective) ● Solution and services that are delivered and consumed in real time over the internet are cloud services. ● Cloud computing is the delivery model of computing services over the internet. ● Datacenter over an API. Datacenter normally provides: Infrastructure, or Softwares in form of web applications 7
- 8. What is not Cloud Computing ● Cloud computing is not a processing model. ○ i.e. Parallel and Distributed Computing Model ○ e.g. Cluster Computing, and Grid Computing. Image Courtesy: wikipedia 8
- 9. Prominent feature of cloud computing model ● From Business point of view: ○ Reduction/transformation of capital expenditure to operational expenditure. ○ Pay as you use. 9
- 10. Prominent feature of cloud computing model ● From Technical point of view: ○ On demand (self-service) provisioning. ○ Multi-tenancy. ○ Autoscaling. ○ Ubiquitous access: anytime, anywhere, any device. 10
- 11. Enabling technologies for cloud computing ● The main enabling technologies behind the conception of cloud computing is virtualization. ● Virtualization: is simulating a hardware platform, an operating system, storage, or network resources. ● Virtual Machines and Virtual File System. 11
- 12. Virtualization Overview ● Before Virtualization: ○ Single OS per machine. ○ Resource Underutilization ○ Inflexible and cost infrastructure. ● After Virtualization: ○ Hardware Independence of OS and Apps. ○ Prebuilt VM can be provisioned to any system. ○ Manage OS and application as single package (called VM). 12
- 13. Virtualization Approaches Type 1 Virtualization Type 2 Virtualization 13
- 14. Yet another definition of cloud computing ● The virtualization and central management of data center resources as software-defined pools. ○ These software defined pools are delivered to the consumer over an API. ■ i.e. SaaS, PaaS, IaaS. ● This is how public cloud service providers works. 14
- 15. Virtualize or “not to virtualize” ● Virtualization brings an overhead with itself. CPU 4%, Disk about 21%. ● The low level computer system sub components cannot be properly virtualized. ● This un-virtualized components are shared bottlenecks. 15
- 17. Fundamental cloud computing services Infrastructure as a Service: specifically bare-machine-as-a-service: usually emulated (VM). You get root. Platform as a Service: "platform" here means "the OS comes pre-installed, and is maintained by us for you". You're responsible for configuring (but possibly also installing) purely user-level programs. You get a non-root account. Software as a Service: a bit of a catch-all, all you get is access to some over-the-internet service, usually delivered via web browser, perhaps app. You get non-shell-login access. 17
- 18. Software as a Service In this case the application itself is provided by the service provider, typically via web browser. Examples – Gmail, Hotmail, Picasa , Flickr, Webex, OfficeLive Strengths include: ● Reduction of local overhead ● Centralized management resulting in decreased maintenance cost for the user ● Potential transparent and passive revenue stream for the developer ● Centralized authentication and general security Weaknesses include: ● Increased transit time when translating client API call to SaaS API ● Market is flooded with SaaS, meaning competition is high ● Without proper planning, versioning can break an entire network of users 18
- 19. Platform as a Service Hosted application environment for developing and deploying cloud based applications. Examples – Google AppEngine, CloudBees, EngineYard, Amazon Elastic Beanstalk. Strengths include: ● Additional processing power and platform capabilities without the physical footprint ● Lower API developer overhead ● Scalable processing and memory provisions utilizing third party software Weaknesses Include: ● Increased liability: encrypted or compressed data can’t be monitored without decryption, which increases system load ● Limited revenue stream outside of subscriptions due to integrity demand 19
- 20. Infrastructure as a Service • Service provider offers capacity for rent basically hosted Data centers and Servers • An evolution of web site and server hosting services which provided servers and Virtual Private servers. Examples – Google Compute Cloud, Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Rackspace. Strengths include: ● Reduction of total operating cost ● High scalability: it’s easier to add a few more virtual servers than to install a whole new rack. ● Location flexibility: your servers are located elsewhere, so you can operate from literally any place that has an internet connection. Weaknesses Include: ● Lack of control over the physical network ● Decreased security due to lack of physical network access and development lifecycle ● Dependence on constant connection 20
- 21. Cloud computing end user view 21
- 22. Cloud computing end responsibility view 22
- 23. A Misconception ● Cloud-Based means providing something as a service and that service comply to the characteristics of cloud services, and respect the layer stack. ● So, If you peoples are utilizing the cloud services just for hosting your application on a cloud server or building upon a cloud platform it cannot be considered as a cloud based solution. ● Rather , it will be considered as a cloud hosted (client-server), or a cloud assisted application. 23
- 25. Cloud computing deployment models 25 ● Private Cloud is proprietary network or data center that uses cloud computing technologies, such as virtualization and is operated for a single organization. ● Public Cloud is the provisioning of computation, storage and application resources to the general public by a service provider, named cloud provider. ● Hybrid Cloud is the amalgam of both private and public clouds. Internal resources in a private cloud to maintain total control over its proprietary data.
- 26. Advantages and Disadvantages of cloud environment 26
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- 28. Moving the Cloud to the Edge 28
- 29. What is Edge Computing? ● While the cloud refers to computing powered by large, distributed groups of servers, the edge refers to compute on the edge of the network, closer to or at the data source itself. ● And, while edge computing exclusively refers to compute at the ingress of the network, fog computing is inclusive of computing anywhere along the continuum, from cloud to the edge. 29
- 30. IoT and Cloud computing http://blueapp.io 30
- 31. IoT and Cloud computing stack ● The Internet of Things (IoT) involves the internet-connected devices we use to perform the processes and services that support our way of life.. ● Cloud computing and IoT are tightly coupled. The growth of IoT and the rapid development of associated technologies create a widespread connection of “things.” This has lead to the production of large amounts of data, which needs to be stored, processed and accessed. 31
- 32. Big Data and HPC in cloud computing ● Clusters outperform cloud environment of the same magnitude but cluster are expensive in term of management and capital expense. ● The scalability factor of cloud computing takes the performance leverage over the cluster at a fraction of cost. ● Performance isolation of low level system components is also an issue with cloud system. ● Cloud computing is not for High-Performance Computing or for Big Data processing. But Cloud computing is a driving force behind generating big data. 32
- 33. We Still Need the Cloud ● The cloud and the traditional ‘data warehouse’ model is still needed in situations requiring heavy computing and storage resources, such as big data analytics on historical data. ● We’re in the midst of a countless number of trends which all converge at the need for computing to move from the cloud to the edge, we should expect edge computing and fog computing to become a more popular topic of conversation in the near future. 33
- 34. Sources 1. https://www.slideshare.net/ProfEdge/introduction-to-cloud-computing-23970527. 2. http://www.idi.ntnu.no/grupper/su/publ/phd/osterlie-triallecture09.pdf 3. http://www.akro.com.au/akroimages/documents/gartner_report_december_11_tech_trend s_dcappuccio.pdf 4. http://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud/ 5. http://www.oracle.com/us/dm/powering-generation-278787.pdf 6. http://www.vmware.com/pdf/virtualization.pdf 7. http://www.slideshare.net/liuliming/introduction-to-cloud-computing-presentation 8. http://www.slideshare.net/craigsdickson/cloud-computing-introduction-1593276 9. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_as_a_service 10. https://www.pubnub.com/blog/moving-the-cloud-to-the-edge-computing/ 11. https://serverfault.com/questions/225719/so-really-what-is-the-overhead-of-virtualization-and-when-should-i-be-concerned 12. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1711.09123.pdf 13. https://blogs.technet.microsoft.com/larryexchange/2015/12/29/performance-overhead-of-nested-virtualization-on-windows- server-2016-technical-preview-4/ 14. https://csrc.nist.gov/publications/detail/sp/800-145/final 15. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/I_Dream_of_IoT/Chapter_4_:_IoT_and_Cloud_Computing 34
- 35. Be Happy, and Blessed 35