This document discusses scaling out applications and systems. It explains that when scaling, you can prioritize two of high availability, consistency, and scalability. The document recommends breaking applications into layers like the application, database, and static content, and scaling each layer individually. It also discusses managing and sharing state across distributed systems. Microservices and containers are presented as ways to modularize applications for scaling out. The document covers techniques for solving latency problems like content delivery networks and geo DNS when users are globally distributed. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring when building systems that scale out.