A Study on User Experience

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 07 | July 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2315
A Study on User Experience
Pankhuri Priya1, Prof. Priya D.2
1Department of Information Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
2Department of Information Science and Engineering, RV College of Engineering, Karnataka, India
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Abstract - Personal computing and information technology
advancements have fundamentally changed how maps are
produced and consumed, with many maps now being highly
interactive and delivered online or via mobile devices. As a
result, interaction needs to be viewed as a key addition to
illustration in cartographic and visualization purposes. The
terms "user interface" and "user experience" refer to a set of
ideas, prescriptions, and procedures for considering critically
the creation and use of interactive products. There areseveral
ways available to effectively convey material to people. The
emphasis moves to user comfort as a result of the flexibility
and diversity of the information that may be supplied via web
apps. Therefore, for such apps, auserexperience designgeared
at user delight becomes the primary focus.
Key Words: User Experience, Web Application, Human
Computer Interaction, UX Framework, Websites.
1. INTRODUCTION
User experience (UX) is considered to bea multidimensional
concept, and a generally accepteddefinitionisstill missing.It
is a curious phenomenon, accepted by human computer
interaction (HCI) society – both professionals and scholars
and also criticized multiple times for being ambiguous,
obscure, ephemeral [1]. In terms of design as well as user
interaction, web apps and websites are very different.
Websites provide static material, but by utilizing a content
management system,theymayroutinelyalterthatcontentto
meet the demands of the company.
Desktop apps are currently beingtransitionedormodifiedto
web applications for convenience of use, and the fact that
they are distributed via browser makes them an effective
alternative for optimizing the functionality to numerous
devices. Using the web technologies to host its applications,
an IT department may drastically minimize the amount of
desk-side support required and remove performance
monitoring of individual components of user hardware and
software. A consolidated supportandadministrationsystem
makes it easy to transfer from one platform to another and
to update seamlessly without causing significant
interruption to users, therefore saving the organization
money. In such circumstances, the edition checks and
security may be simply centralized.
Firms are focusing primarily on the user experience (UX) as
more items are automated and machine learning is
integrated into apps. Businesses invest their assets in UX
research ahead of branding their product, which then
becomes a customer experienceframework [2],toguarantee
that the least number of resourcesareusedforassistance. As
more and more apps are built using thin-client architecture,
where business logic resides on the client devices,andasthe
number of mobile use minutes has risen over time,attention
is being paid to front end technologies. The latest figures
show an increasing number of smartphone users year after
year. In 2022, the number of global smartphone users is
estimated at 6.6 billion, marking a 4.9 percent annual
increase [3].
Thus, user experience design that takes into account
different devices, screen resolutions, voice search andtouch
features in addition to handling mousemovement,keyboard
strokes, etc are required. Numerous smart devices are used
to access application content,makingitresponsive.Recently,
UX designers are now experimenting with more physical
interactions and are not simply confined to building user
experiences for screens [4]. Concepts of Augmented reality,
Virtual reality and Mixed reality are being incorporated into
applications – few of them being Snapchat and PokemonGo.
2. RELATED WORKS
Similar research has been done in the past in this field. Some
earlier studies have performed retrospective analysis on UX
methods, designs and techniques while also working on the
different factors that affect in the popularity of any
application. These factors can include user perception,
security,emotionalandpsychologicalaffectthatpopularityof
any website.
In a study conducted by Dr.Jay Kiruthikaetal.,[2]theauthors
look into few issues of designing web applications and
recommends design criteria to create efficient web
applications. Web based interfaces/applications focus on
retaining the users and engage them [5].Itwasfoundthatthe
customer experience of CX is a parallel framework that
intercedes with UX in huge retail businesses as extensive
feedback is fed into the system.
N. H. Basri et al., in their paper [6] reviewandexplorevarious
existing approaches to conceptualize and understand user
experience better. It is trying to provide a base in
conceptualizing and understanding user experience by
covering different topics related to user experience. There is
no consensus on how UX should be defined and researched
[7]. UX is obviously not restricted to work systems, as it

concerns many subjective aspectsbeyondperformance[8].It
was be concluded that the concept of UX is wide due to a
holistic experience and to the business point of view. UX
encompasses all aspects of interacting with a product. UX
objectives are to optimize human performance and user
satisfaction withachievingbothpragmaticandhedonicgoals.
In his research Craig E. Wills [9], discusses approaches using
GUIs and other techniques for effective user interface design
and how they might be incorporated into an engineer’s
training. This paper discusses approaches for incorporating
techniques for interface design into an engineer’s training,
whether through a regular course or a seminar. It was
understood that the engineer must understand that the
interface is much more than the devices with which the user
interacts with the system. Also important is the dialogue, the
style of interaction between the user and the machine.
Another research was conducted by Ferenc Erdős in 2019 to
highlight and analyse the monetary sides of different
business software developments related to UX [10]. To
capture the business value of UX, the Cost-Benefit Analysis
(CBA) was applied. Various methods are available for
quantifying the user satisfaction criterion [11 & 12]. The
measurement can take place on different levels, with
different methods and granularity. The sophisticated user-
centred design anddevelopmentmethodscanraisetheinitial
design and development costs of a software system.
Furthermore, the anticipated benefits can deliver many
different positive financial effects.
You-Dong Yun et al., in their work [13] proposed a cognitive
reaction-based intelligent UI/UX systemthatprovidesUI/UX
optimized for senior citizens [14] based on the user's
cognitive functionality and activity log. Features that are
relevant to the user’s usability affect UI/UX and can be
adapted to the user’s model [15]. A variety of methods are
being used to measure the different sensory and cognitive
functions. The cognitive reaction-based intelligent UI/UX
system proposed in this work automatically clusters seniors
based on collectedcognitive functionalitydataandoptimizes
UI/UX components based on the user's cluster.
3. METHODOLOGY IN UX
This section gives a brief overview of the different designs
and methodologies thatcanbeadoptedwhileworkingonany
web applications or websites. The different designsandtheir
use cases has been explained.
Instead of focusing just on user interaction, UX design bases
itself on the emotional experience of a user. In order to
prevent users, it uses human-computer interaction and
persuasive triggers. Since its founding,HCIresearchhasbeen
almost entirely focused on the accomplishmentofbehavioral
goals in work contexts.
3.1 Skeuomorphic Design
Skeuomorphism is a method used in UI design where
objects, icons, and buttons imitate their real-world
equivalents. It is described in the contextofproductdesign.It
makes scaling a design challenging because it isn't
responsive. It makes extensive use of simply ornamental
components, which are more difficult to adjust to different
screen sizes and resolutions and thus, is resource intensive
[16].
3.2 Flat Design
It is centered on minimalism and is tuned to improve the
UX, operates within the constraints of the screen [2]. Any
aesthetic elements that attempt to mimic the real world are
removed. A flat design givestheimpressionthateverythingis
flat on one surface. As the name implies, this design utilizes
features such as minimalism, 2D elements, bold colours, and
simple typography. The transition to flat design reflects
design development rather than upheaval. There wassimply
no need to include extraneousvisualcomponentsthatmirror
real-world aspects as consumers grew used to digital
patterns and interactions [16]. It was incorporated to
improve human computer interaction (HCI).
3.3 Material Design
Material Design, introduced by Google, focuses mostly on
flat objects with a few 3D touches. Designers may construct
several layers by experimenting with the Z-axis thankstothe
3D elements, which enable them to create a multi-
dimensional experience [16]. Physics is also introduced in
Material Design. Makingexactreplicasofhowobjectsoperate
in the actual world while doing it in a radically simplified
fashion is one of the primary tenets of Material Design.
Realisticism is solely used in Material Design as a technique
to help our minds become more used to how the interface
functions.
3.4 Hamburger Menu
One of the aspects employed in UX designs is the usage of
hidden menus that the user may expand. Instead than
overloading the user with vast material for quick and faster
access, the usage of such menus enables the user to pick
several alternatives based on the needs [2].
4. UX MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
This section contains information about the different
measurement techniques that any organizations need to
adopt to open new business and app development policies.
4.1 Emotional Analysis
With the use of emotional analytics technologies,
physiological data will assist UX testers in understanding a

user's sentiments as they interact with applications [17].
Experiences that are both emotionally engaging and useful
will be the future of user experience design.
Kerry Rodden et al [18], explain the HEART framework
for user-centered metrics, and a means for linking metrics to
product goals. HEART measures Happiness, Engagement,
Adoption, Retention, and Task success. These are the areas
which teams can use to create the exact metrics that will be
used to measure progress toward goals. Task Success
includes both effectiveness and efficiency, while Happiness
includes contentment. Engagement, Adoption,andRetention
are enabled by enormous amounts of behavioral data.
4.2 Qualititive Research
It emphasizes the nature or significance of the end-user
experience. Utilizing qualitative UX research techniques, a
thorough insight of specific users is gathered. They are
concerned with comprehending the aspects of the human
experience. Notable qualitative research techniques include:
focus groups, interviews, diary studies, and card sorting
among others. Three main phases are involved in qualitative
research: planning the study, performing research, and
analyzing the findings.
4.3 Voice Search
The popularity of voice-based systems such as Apple Siri,
Amazon Alexa, and Google Voice helps the programmer to
surface apps on smart devices. As a result, voice search
should be tracked by UX testing tools [18], and UX designers
need to enhance for it.
4.4 Ethical Testing
With real-time UX data capturing, omnipresent gadgets,
anddistributedanalytics,ethicalandregulatoryproblemsare
expected to develop. As a part of the testing process, UX
teams should collaborate with digital protection officers and
other specialists to solve these problems. Participants
involved in the UX researchmust be treated with dignity and
compassion. Respect should be shown towards the
stakeholders, the peers,and the funds andconfidenceshown
by them in the work. UX research should adhere to the
criteriarelatedtosocialscienceandhumansubjectsresearch,
including any studies that employ specified processes for
gaining informedconsent.Ifconductedimproperly,anystudy
that involveshumansubjects,mightviolateethicalstandards.
4.5 Utility Function
UX measurement in thepastreliedonimpreciseacademic
theories. However, in the future, researchers will eventually
gauge UX in terms of particular commercial results. Any
website containing incredibly good content on it, has higher
utility as compared to other websites. Taking example of
Wikipedia, it actually aims to become a platform that
prioritizes usefulness above all else, and since its utility is so
strong, users tend to overlook a few of the other UX aspects
where it falls short [19].
5. UX FRAMEWORK
This section provides an overview on a web application's UX
framework. The very first step is to design distinct profiles
for the application, which includes varied amounts of
viewable material for different consumers. The major
features on which the UX concentrated were:
 The user should be able to access material in the
language of the nationand areainwhichtheyare
logged in. In other words, the content of the
application should be internationalized.
 Restricting asset information to specific nations,
cities, regions, and posts.
 Information displayed should be put togetherby
clearly recognizable symbols relevant to the
product with which the user is familiar.
 Options for searching with easy autofill or
recommendations.
 Maintaining an uniform layout across all of the
pages
3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
This research considered a range of aspects that can be used
to make a better web application. UX has emerged as a
critical component of application design and development,
particularly for web-based programs and websites.They are
intended to be simple to use and correlate with business
cases. A design that is user friendly and simple while having
a rich content always gets more users. The content and
design should be user centric.
As there is evolution of the application and the websites,
there is advancement in the usage of haptic responses like
gestures along with biometrics and voice commands. Any
application trying to make it to the market should include
the features. Incorporating features like Augmented, virtual
and mixed reality is becoming more and more popular, for
example, the cosmetics website. Thus, while starting with
any website the UX research is important.
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