A Survey on Heterogeneous Data Exchange using Xml

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2562
A Survey on Heterogeneous Data Exchange Using XML
Kartikey Borle1, Amit Bendarkar2, Rajan Bhirud3, Aditya Bambole4 , Prof. Rachna Somkunwar5
1Department of Computer Engineering, DIT, Pimpri, Pune
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, DIT, Pimpri, Pune
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Abstract - XML is a popular and highly used markup
language which is used because of its simplicity, generality,
and usability. As a result, it is widely used in modern
computing. Integrating multiple data sources has become
important. This paper explore heterogeneous data sharing to
acquire transparent operation and continuousheterogeneous
data integration, and also focus on the basicpropertiesofXML
data exchange based on available heterogeneous database
integration systems.
Key Words: Data export, Data import, Heterogeneous
databases, XML, XML parsing
1. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, internet is growing rapidly and there is a wide
use of database system, many numbers of independent
databases has been planned and created in distributed
environment. All these miscellaneous or different databases
are different in structures. To eliminate the conflictbetween
heterogeneous data, data exchange takes place in
heterogeneous databases. However, in certain cases thereis
necessity of information transmission in many application
systems. Therefore,inheterogeneousdatabasessystem,data
exchange between them becomes an important point of
discussion. Big amount of semi-structured and structured
data is stored with the help of XML technique. XML
technique is also used for exchanging data from source to
destination. Wheneverlarge amountofinformationisstored,
data transformation and data manipulationisnecessary. The
database that are maintainedherearemostlyheterogeneous
and distributed. XML is designed to represent data in the
form of tags (elements); it allows information to be
expressed in such ways that match better for business. It
brings powerful properties such as flexibility,heterogeneity,
and extensibility to information modelling. That is the
reason, XML has become a standard data format widelyused
for data transmission over the Internet as well as in these
organizations and a common language. This leads to an
increasing need for exchanging and integrating the
heterogonous XML data sources and schemas between
different application systems. Therefore, data exchange
between different and heterogeneous databases becomes
very crucial point to work. Different languages such as
Document Type Definition (DTD), eXtensible Stylesheet
Language Transformations (XSLT). XML documentscanalso
be restructured using Document Type Definition (DTD). For
creating a mediate architecture of XML schemas, eXtensible
Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) can be used.
XML (eXtensible Marked Language) provides solution for
data integration of information. As there are large, complex
and different types of queries, a fixed mapping is not
possible to work. An XML document contains a root element
following the nested elements. Elements can be either
attributes or sub-elements.
2. RELATED WORK
The purpose of data exchange is to realize data share
among systems. The aim of XML tag is to spot every XML
element unambiguously and to show constructive
relationship. The constructive symbolcalledXMLtagallotted
for every node in XML document is extra knowledge to the
subject.PostOrderNumbering(PON)mentionedfollowspost
order traversal requires a lot of space for tag that is a
significant disadvantage. A famous coding method for trees
known as Dewey coding is mentioned. M-IBSL (Modified
Improved Binary String Labeling) is explained within that
partition XML DOM nodes into sensitive and publicnodes[1].
The content of public nodes is additionally sent at the same
timewhen the encryptedsensitivenodesisbeingsend,which
is an extra information needed to reconstruct the XML
document at the buyer. Therefore, leakage of extra
information is not prevented. XML-based information
exchange has gainedresearchersattentionwithdevelopment
of internet technologies.
Work to be done by researchers here was to study the
conversion of XML document to relative information and
transformationmethodsbetweenrelationalmodelsandXML.
In [2], researchers studied the related theories to XML and
relative models and proposed a data-exchange model in e-
commerce system. Data exchange between different ERP
systems is needed to be designed and implement in an
interactive way. They proposed a tooltomapelementsofone
schema to another. They studied linguistic conflicts in
heterogeneous database systems and divided them in

subsequent different types and mentioned different causes
for them.
Different RDBMS suppliers like Sybase, Db2, SQL and
Oracle have their own tools for data exchange between their
databases and XML. XML processing has become more easy
and efficient because of this.
In comparison to this, native XML dbs store documentsin
XML format, however their capacity of processing data is
limited. Some skilled middleware programs are used for
exchanging data between different XML documents and
different XML files using the procedures in respective
applications.
Application-oriented data integration systems are
designed and developed at the same time. Such systems are
quite common in tiny enterprise information systems. They
are all used underneath specific application atmosphere, for
instance, HR management. In e-commerce environment,
management information system(MIS) is back-end for
enterprises daily operation. User is shown a website for
browsing and buying products with different facilities for
smooth operation, which is the front-end in this case.
Therefore, they decided to visualize and design a system for
exchange of data from databases of front end to backendand
vice versa.
XML is developed by W3C in 1998. It is a universal
language standard. It is the simplest SGMLsubgroupandwas
specifically made for internet purpose. The most important
strength is that it has robust capability of data information
and transmission. XML is layered architecture. Using
Document Type Definition (DTD) or Schema makes XML
document more structured for the reason of having robust
information capability in order that it’s simpler to retrieve
information from XML document. XML document viewing
automation. W3C recommends Extensible System Language
(XSL) style sheet standard. To retrieve the attributes or
elements in the XML document, it will be taking total
utilization of the matching of pattern methodology, and so
developing switching rules for clearly defined item. In the
meantime, new attributes or elements can be added in
keeping with the actual condition, and developing programs
to control them to fulfill that conditions. There are two
important communicationtechnologyfortheXMLdocument:
SAX (Simple API for XML) and DOM (document object
module). Taking XML as intermediary file, and inspect the
data within the XML document using SAX and DOM. TheXML
parser supported on SAX depends upon event-driven
interface while the one supported upon DOM changes data
structure in XML documents in a group of item tree
structure[3].
Parsing XML information, the important tools are DOM
and SAX. DOM is appropriate for computing complex data
structures. SAX Parser parsesthe XML record linebylineand
triggers occasions once it experiencesopeninglabel,shutting
tag or character in XML record.
Nowadays, the XML technology is being used widely in
dissimilar database information turning, and have become a
public technology toascertaininformationtradingstandards
within the actual application. The information conversion
model that is set depending on XML technology as the
functional representation of the general information gives a
convenient way to information unification and turning
between relational databasesand differentrepresentationof
information. There are many database by-products relating
to XML export and import tools,likeOracle,Sybase,Microsoft
and IBM, etc. with extra tools to remodel XML in database
tables[3].
Fig -1: XML based data exchange structure [3]
At whatever point huge measure of information from
mechanical applicationsrequiredtobeputaway,change and
control of data can be a confounded issue. Vast measure of
information consolidated with exclusive information
positions, produced from very surprising information
sources, makes an incredible test forinformationtakingcare
of. To deal with this issue, a completely incorporated
arrangement thatgrantsstockpilingandchangeofsubjective
information configurations is presented. The taking after
Fig.2, delineates how before utilizinginformationiskept and
changed over [4].
Fig -2: Data storage model
2.1 Heterogeneous Database Data Exchange Build
Up On The Xml Technology
In [5] author says Extensible Mark-up Language has the
marvelous information execution capacity, solid capacity of
expandabilityand self-portrayal,whilethecomprehensionof
the partition of information and the diverse assortment of

expression.TheseattributesdiscoverthatXMLarefrequently
utilized as medium of data trade, so acknowledging
heterogeneous framework information trade.
The investigation of data trade of heterogeneousdatabasein
view of XML is to truly concentrate the common change
between social database construction and the XML
demonstrate. Along these lines, setting up a mapping
connection between the database model and XML record
demonstrate and comprehend information transformation
between them.
2.2 Document of XML
A XML database is built from oneornumerousXML file. The
database is developed out of large giant XML reports. When
utilizing the term record, we tend to mean the input XML
document. As in the accompanying Fig.3, it somehow looks
like Hypertext mark-up Language (HTML) aside from that
XML has extra strict manage regarding openingandshutting
labels. It means that once a tag is opened (e.g. <title>), it
needs to be closed (using </title>).
Fig -3: XML document example
3. UNDERSTANDING THE XML
Supporting JDOM to inspect, produce and serialize the
XML document there is adoption of Pure Java technology.
JDOM is developed by Jason Hunter and Brett McLaughlin
in 2000. It is open source. It combined with DOM and SAX
to overcome some insufficiency. To attain data unification,
the XML inspection contains three point: data importation,
data exportation and transmitting data.
3.1 Data Exportation
For exporting data, firstly the required data is to be
extracted from the source database in accordance with the
data rules, and assembling it according to the logical
structure requirements of original application.
3.2 Data Importation
Keeping in mind the need for the maintenance, three steps
are required to save the XML data files retrieved from
dissimilar system into our system are: Validating XML File,
assembling data and store in database.
3.2.1 Validating XML File
During data transfer process, the information can be
artificially remodel, thus testing the XML data file is more
important. The test method is divided into two parts: a)
Making the schema file for data standards to validate the
data b) To write program for verification of unverified data
by DTD.
Failure in validation means, with the data standard, the
arrangement of information is not compatible. After the
completion of this step, thespecificexplanationwill begiven.
The assembling of data will go on if test is passed.
3.2.2 Assembling Data
In assembling process, there is data extraction and
transformation. It is mainly about the establishing of the
mapping between database table and XML data, and
transferring data in the expected formatting of destination
db.
3.2.3 Save in database
After assembling data supporting the target database
standards, use the hibernateDao.updateObject or
hibernateDao.saveObject to update existed data or save the
new data.
3.3 Transmitting Data
If the source and destination dbs exist on the same machine
(here server), data transmission will be abandoned.
However, if both of them are running on different servers, it
is necessary to focus on way to deal with the data
conveyance issue. In the process of data transmission, some
data file might be missing or there can be damage problem,
thus some security policies can beadoptedtoensurethesafe
transmission avoiding other userscopyingoraccessingdata,
such as key management, digital signature and file
encryption. Thus, ensuring that data cannot be modified
throughout the data conveyanceprocessandprovidingsome
facility that can identify content andsenderofthedocument.
4. CONCLUSIONS
To conceive informationtradeandtransmissionability, XML
is the most vital and frequently used information trade
innovation. The most effective method to utilizeinformation
trade procedures in heterogeneous database framework is

essentially investigated in this paper. In this paper, we
mainly studied data exchange betweendifferenttypesof dbs
via an exchange technology called as XML. Different ways of
exporting and importingthe informationwerestudiedin this
paper, which involves different steps like in intermediary
file, assembling, validating, and transmitting the data. We
have also focused and discussed on SAX parser and DOM
parser and their potentiality. We have come to know from
aggregate usage procedure of the completelydissimilartype
of database trade that utilizing XML as an information
trading medium we can well accomplish the information
transformation between the different databases,
consequently accomplishing the reason for data trade and
information sharing.
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