A web standards & ud approach for access (bps public)
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This document discusses a web standards and universal design approach to accessibility. It outlines how web standards, universal design, and accessibility are related. It demonstrates how to make a website accessible using semantic HTML, CSS layout, and separating structure from presentation. The benefits of this approach include sites that are easier to develop, update, find content on, and access across different devices and browsers including assistive technologies. Resources for designing accessible websites using this approach are also provided.
![The Semantic Web – Definitions
Semantics (from Greek sēmantiká, neuter plural of
sēmantikós - signifier)[1][2] is the study of meaning. It
focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as
words, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand
for, their denotata.1
The Semantic Web describes the relationships
between things (like A is a part of B and Y is a
member of Z) and the properties of things (like size,
weight, age, and price)2
1 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics
2 http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_semantic.asp](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/awebstandardsudapproachforaccessbps-public-120918122818-phpapp01/85/A-web-standards-ud-approach-for-access-bps-public-9-320.jpg)
A web standards & ud approach for access (bps public)
- 1. A Web Standards & UD Approach to Access The Intersection of Web Standards, Universal Design & Accessibility Howard Kramer University of Colorado-Boulder hkramer@colorado.edu, 303-492-8672 CSUN 2012
- 2. Today’s Outline What are Web Standards & Universal Design How does it compare to ―Accessibility Standards‖ Demonstration of ScreenReader Access What are the advantages of this approach Resources & Suggestion for designing Accessible / UD sites
- 3. Presentation posted at slideshare http://slideshare/hkramer99/ A Web Standards & UD Approach for Access (BPS – public).pptx/
- 4. Universal Design vs. Web Standards vs. Accessibility
- 5. Universal Design vs. Web Standards vs. Accessibility
- 6. Universal Design for Digital Media What is Universal Design? Universal Design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design – Ron Mace, Architect
- 7. Universal Design for Digital Media Equitable Use: The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. Same means of use for all No text-only versions Flexibility in Use: The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. Accommodates user-defined style sheets (such as the high-contrast text style that an individual with weak eyesight would use) Simple and Intuitive: Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. Multiple ways of presenting info that is contained in images, graphs, audio, video, or other forms of media Tolerance for Error: The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
- 8. Web Standards / Universal Design – Definitions Using Web Standards & Universal Design as foundation of course Web Standards – semantic (x)HTML markup, CSS layout, the separating of content from layout & formatting – produces the following positive outcomes Third component: Scripting – Javascript & DOM
- 9. The Semantic Web – Definitions Semantics (from Greek sēmantiká, neuter plural of sēmantikós - signifier)[1][2] is the study of meaning. It focuses on the relation between signifiers, such as words, phrases, signs and symbols, and what they stand for, their denotata.1 The Semantic Web describes the relationships between things (like A is a part of B and Y is a member of Z) and the properties of things (like size, weight, age, and price)2 1 Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics 2 http://www.w3schools.com/web/web_semantic.asp
- 11. The Benefits of Web Standards Makes it easier for people & search engines to find your content – (including AT users) Separating structure and behavior makes your site easier and less expensive to develop & test. (And much easier to update). Makes your site lighter (smaller file size) Semantic markup makes your site more accessible to different kinds of browsers and devices, incl. mobile devices and AT Designing with standards in ensures that your site is forward compatible.
- 13. An Overview of Web Standard Particulars Declare a proper doctype Declare a language in the doctype Declare the primary language of the site in the <head> area Title your page properly & uniquely !DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN― "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> If your document is XHTML, use this: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <head> <html lang="en-GB"> ... </html>
- 14. Web Standard Particulars Declare a unique title for each page. Title example <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> <title> Boulder Public Schools 2012</title> </head> <body> </body> ... </html>
- 15. Web Standard Particulars Use keywords & description elements <head> <title>Yahoo! UK & Ireland Eurosport—Sports News | Live Scores | Sport</title> <meta name="description" content="Latest sports news and live scores from Yahoo! Eurosport UK. Complete sport coverage with Football results, Cricket scores, F1, Golf, Rugby, Tennis and more."> <meta name="keywords" content="eurosport,sports,sport,sports news,live scores,football,cricket,f1,golf,rugby,tennis,uk,yahoo"> </head>
- 16. Structure the page as appropriate with headers Structure hierarchically – H1, H2, etc.
- 17. Web Standard Particulars Structure your page with Titles, Divs, & Lists
- 18. Clear & Consistent Navigation
- 19. Demonstration CSS Zen Garden http://www.csszengarden.com/ CU Physics page http://www.colorado.edu/ODECE/UDAC/physi cs%20page-2.htm NY Times www.nytimes.com Web Developer Toolbar (Firefox addon)
- 20. Zeldman – ―the blind billionaire‖ Google and other search engines are, in effect, ―blind users.‖ Structure Text/semantics
- 21. Curriculum Chisholm, Wendy; May, Matt. Materials Universal Design for Web Applications Zeldman, Jeffrey. Designing with Web Standards (3rd Edition) Shea & Holzschlag. The Zen of CSS Design: Visual Enlightenment for the Web. Norman, David A. The Design of Everyday Things (2002). Cooper, Alan; Reimann Robert M. About Face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design (2003)
- 22. Evaluation & Remediation Tools Wave (Toolbar) – wave.webaim.org Functional Accessibility Evaluator 1.1 https://addons.mozilla.org/en- US/firefox/addon/accessibility-evaluation- toolb/ Achecker – http://achecker.ca/ Web Dev’l Toolbar https://addons.mozilla.org/en- US/firefox/addon/web-developer/
- 23. More Evaluation & Remediation Tools & Resources 10 Evaluation Tools http://sixrevisions.com/web- standards/accessibility_testtools/ CU Web Design Awards Page http://www.colorado.edu/ODECE/UDAC/webc omp2012.html#resources
- 24. Other Curriculum Resources A List Apart - Link-Rodrigue, The Inclusion Principle, http://www.alistapart.com/articles/the-inclusion- principle/ Dev.opera.com http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/1-introduction- to-the-web-standards-cur/ Usability.gov http://usability.gov/methods/test_refine/heuristic.h tml Sitepoint.com http://articles.sitepoint.com/article/information- architecture
- 25. Other Curriculum Resources First Principles of Interaction Design‖ (http://www.asktog.com/basics/firstPrinciples.html ); ―Personas‖ http://wiki.fluidproject.org/display/fluid/Personas WebAIM.org – The Legend of the Typical … http://webaim.org/presentations/2010/csun/screen readersurvey.pdf W3C Web Standards Cirruculim http://www.w3.org/community/webed/wiki/Main_P age
- 26. Other Resources Web Design Awards & Training at CU http://www.colorado.edu/ODECE/UDAC/webcomp 2012.html WAVE - WebAIM.org http://wave.webaim.org/ W3C Web Standards Cirruculim http://www.w3.org/community/webed/wiki/Main_P age Physics Example page http://www.colorado.edu/ODECE/UDAC/physics%2 0page-2.htm
- 27. Accessing Higher Ground Conference Accessible Media, Web & Technology November 12 - 16, 2012 Hands-on sessions on Web Access, Assistive Technology Upcoming teleconferences Can purchase audio dvd of proceedings & access materials & handouts online Westin Hotel - between Boulder & Denver www.colorado.edu/ATconference
Editor's Notes
- #9: Html 4.0 – first web standard for htmlXhtml 1.0Benefits of Web Standards & UD approach:Allows you to approach accessible design with the wholistic concept of excellent design.
- #12: Html 4.0 – first web standard for htmlXhtml 1.0Benefits of Web Standards & UD approach:Allows you to approach accessible design with the wholistic concept of excellent design.
- #14: Benefits of Web Standards & UD approach:Allows you to approach accessible design with the wholistic concept of excellent design.Designing with web standards promotes accessibility, - higher ranking on search engines & lower costs for development, and faster loading of web pages (& lower costs for hardware).Design that is not only accessible but usable. That is universal in that it not only is usable by persons with disabilities but by mobile devices, by cell phones and by slow internet access.To understand this, we need to review the history of Web browsers:Web standards project began in 1998. Before that time, each browser used proprietary mark-up language or html.So web designers would have to create different code segments for each browser.25% of development time was spent addressing work-arounds for browser incompatibility.Because content & layout combined unlike when we use CSS with structure xhtml. Html files wound up being 60% larger than necessary, requiring longer time to load and requiring larger space on servers, thus more expensive equipment costs. Designing with web standards not only improves the performance of your site and lowers costs but makes it more accessible to ATWhen we use CSS, content can be displayed in a verient of different ways more easily. Using structured markup such as headers to logically divinde up a page not only makes it easier for screenreaders to nvigate a page, it makes it easier for search engines such as google to find.
- #15: A different conceptual model.We’re used to the visual conceptual model.Go to demonstration.
- #21: Probably more a part of UD or usability than Web Standards.
- #26: Mention Fitjutsu – Web Accessibility InspectorShow 10 evaluation tools page