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FUNCTION
The shaper is a machine tool used primarily for-
 Producing a flat or plane surface which may be in a
vertical or angular plane.
 The tool reciprocates over the work. During the forward
the tool, it removes metal from work piece. At the end of
stroke the feed operators to move the table and work to the
desired amount.

TYPES OF SHAPER
 Shapers are classified in number of ways depending upon the general feature of design or the
purpose of which they are intended. Shapers are classified under following headings.
1) According to the type of mechanism used –
 Crank type
 Geared type
 Hydraulic type
2) According to the position and travel of ram-
 Horizontal type
 Vertical type
3) According to type of design of table-
 Standard shaper
 Universal shaper

o Crank shaper:
Shapers whose ram reciprocates with the help of a crank mechanism
o Geared shaper:
The ram reciprocates with spur gear mechanism. this type of shaper carries a rack under the ram for to and fro
motion.
o Hydraulic shaper:
the movement of the ram is provided by hydraulic pressure

o Horizontal shaper:
The ram reciprocates in horizontal direction.
o Vertical shaper:
The ram reciprocates in vertical direction. It is also known as slotter.

PRINCIPAL PARTS OF SHAPER MACHINE

 RAM- The ram is driven back and forth in its slides by the slotted link mechanism. The back and forth
movement of ram is called stroke and it can be adjusted according to the length of the workpiece to be-
machined.
 TABLE- It is a void container casting by machined T-slots on the top and sides. Vise is generally fixed on the top
of the table to hold workpiece.
 CLAPPER BOX- The shaping machine usually cuts on the forward stroke and does not on the backward stroke.
its not required for the tool to be in contact with the work piece when its on the backward stroke. This is ensured
by the Clapper box, a device which is hinged to the ram. The lifting of the cutting tool by the clapper box
ensures longer tool life and also accidental scratch or other machining defects on the work piece/final product.
 TOOL HEAD- It has tool post with tool holder that hold cutting tool. Tool slide is moved up and down by feed
screw to regulate correct depth of cut.
 CROSS RAIL- It permits vertical and horizontal movement of table. Cross feed mechanism is attached to cross
rail.
 SADDLE- It carries the work table. Crosswise movement of saddle causes the work table to move sideways.

WORKING MECHANISM OF SHAPER MACHINE
 A shaper machine holds the Single point cutting tool in ram and workpiece is fixed over the
table.
 The ram holding the tool reciprocates over the workpiece and metal is cut during the forward
stroke called a cutting stroke and
 No metal is cut during its return stroke is called an Idle stroke.
 The feed is given at the end of the cutting stroke.
 Generally, the cutting stroke is carried out at slow speed and the idle stroke is carried at high
speed with the help of quick return mechanism.

QUICK RETURN
MOTION MECHANISM
it is
In the forward stroke, the Slider moves fast and
removing the material from the workpiece.
Whereas in the return stroke, the Slider moves
faster than the forward stroke that means Quick
return, it takes less time to return, called a return
stroke.

ANNIMATION OF WORKING OF SHAPER MACHINE

Specification of Shaper Machine:
The specification of shaper machine depends upon the following:
 The maximum length of stroke ram.
 Types of the drive ( Crank, Gear and Hydraulic type)
 Power input of the machine
 Floor space required to establish the machine
 Weight of the machine in tonne.
 Feed
 Cutting to return stroke ratio.

Advantages of Shaper Machine:
 The single point tool used is inexpensive or we can say low tooling cost.
 The cutting stroke having a definite stopping point.
 The work can be held easily in the shaper machine.
 The set up is very quick and easy and also can be readily changed from one job to another job.
Disadvantages of Shaper Machine:
 By nature, it is a slow machine because of its straight-line forward and returns strokes the single point
cutting tool requires Several strokes to complete a work. (They are slow)
 The cutting speed is not usually very high speeds of reciprocating motion due to high inertia force
developed in the motion of the units and components of the machine.

Applications of Shaper Machine:
 To generate straight and flat surfaces.
 Smooth rough surfaces.
 Make internal splines.
 Make gear teeth.
 To make dovetail slides.
 Make key ways in pullies or gears.
 Machining of die, punches, straight and curved slots.

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