Absolute monarchy
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The document summarizes the rise of absolute monarchy in Europe during the 17th century, focusing on France under King Louis XIV. It describes how the 30 Years War weakened the Habsburg dynasty and led to the Peace of Westphalia, establishing nation-states and religious tolerance. Absolute monarchs like Louis XIV claimed power derived directly from God, surrounding themselves with ministers and officials. As the "Sun King", Louis XIV ruled France for over 72 years from 1643 to 1715, the longest reign of any European monarch, establishing France as the dominant power through several major wars.
Absolute monarchy
- 2. Politcal and religious changes The 30 years war (1618-1648) confronted catholics and protestants, it finished with the Westfalia’s Peace, this meant the rise of France and the decline of Habsburg.
- 3. These changes involved… The importance of States-Nation The absolute monarchies The decline of the supranational like the Hispanic Empire No more religious wars, there were religious liberty for each State. The North Religions were: calvinism, anglican and lutheranism The South was catholic.
- 4. Characteristics of the Absolute monarchy In the absolute monarchy, all the authority of the monarch came from God. The power was absolute. The king was the law, the maxim authority of the goverment, the justice’s head and he managed the interior and exterior politics. The king was helped by ministers, advisers, secretaries and a lot of employees.
- 5. God The king Ministers, advisers, secretaries, employees
- 6. Louis XIV of France Louis XIV (5 September 1638 – 1 September 1715), known as the Sun King (French: le Roi Soleil ), was King of France and of Navarre . His reign, from 1643 to his death in 1715, began at the age of four and lasted seventy-two years, three months, and eighteen days, and is the longest documented reign of any European monarch.
- 7. Having been married in 1660, Louis and Maria Theresa of Spain had six children. However, only one child, the eldest, survived to adulthood — Louis, le Grand Dauphin , known as " Monseigneur ". Maria Theresa died in 1683. Despite evidence of affection early on in their marriage, Louis did not remain faithful to Maria Theresa for long. He produced numerous illegitimate children, most of whom he married to members of cadet branches of the royal family . Louis proved more faithful to his second wife, Madame de Maintenon . It is believed that they were married secretly on or around 10 October 1683 at Versailles. This marriage, though never announced or publicly discussed, was an open secret and lasted till his death
- 8. Louis XIII of France Anne of Austria Louis XIV of France Maria Theresa of Spain Louis, le Grand Dauphin Princess Anne Élisabeth Princess Marie Anne Princess Marie Thérèse Philippe Charles, Duke of Anjou Louis François , Duke of Anjou
- 9. For much of Louis's reign, France stood as the leading European power, engaging in three major wars—the Franco- Dutch War , the War of the League of Augsburg , and the War of the Spanish Succession —and two minor conflicts—the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions . Upon his death just days before his 77th. birthday, Louis was succeeded by his 5-year-old great-grandson who became Louis XV .
- 11. His Palace He lived in the Versailles Palace in Paris.