Accessibility Design: Design for All
- 2. IMAGINE
- 6. How? Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Techniques Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 2 • RespecSul • Safe • Health • Comprehensible • Affordable • FuncGonal • Sustainable • Appealing Accessibility Usability
- 10. Dimensions • Diversity: user vs. technological environment • User Diversity: the various differences among users in their percepGon, manipulaGon, and uGlizaGon of technology • Technological Environment Diversity: conGnuous changes and diversificaGons of interacGon environments and technologies Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 6
- 11. Dimensions – User Diversity • “Understanding the various dimensions of user diversity helps design and develop user interface that maximize benefits for different types of users” • Disability • PercepGon • MoGon • CogniGon • Age • Children • Older users • Computer use experGse • Culture and language • Social issues Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 7
- 12. Dimensions – User Diversity • PercepGon • Visual • Blindness: users benefit from auditory and the hapGc modality for i/o purposes; keyboards and joysGcks but no mouse • Visual impairment: increase the size of interacGve arGfacts; colour contrast; specific color combinaGon • Auditory • Hearing impairment: hearing-aid; lip-reading • Deaf: sign language Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 8
- 13. Dimensions – User Diversity • MoGon • Common problems: poor muscle control; weakness and faGgue; difficulty in walking, talking, seeing, speaking, sensing or grasping; difficulty doing complex or compound manipulaGons • AccommodaGons: mobility aids, manipulaGon aids, communicaGon aids, computer interface aids • Specialized input devices that minimize physical effort: adapGve keyboard; voice input; eye tracking; brain-computer interfaces Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 9
- 14. Dimensions – User Diversity • CogniGon • The ability of human mind to process informaGon, think, remember, reason, and make decisions • Causes and symptoms vary greatly from user to user • Design consideraGons: simple and minimalist design; reduce the need to rely on memory; allow sufficient Gme for interacGon; support user amenGon; special user in colour, font, contrast to support user comprehension Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 10
- 15. Dimensions – Age • Of great interest to designers because it provides “vital clues about how to present informaGon, feedback, video, audio, etc.” • ClassificaGon of interest: • Children: users below the age of 18, with parGcular focus on children under the age of 12 • Older persons: users over the age of 65 Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 11
- 16. Dimensions – Age • Children • Young children lack a wide repertoire of experiences that can guide their responses to cues • With their disGnct preferences and percepGon of the world, children should be regarded as a different user group • Challenge: to understand and perceive the world from children’s perspecGve • AddiGon challenge: children with disabiliGes Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 12
- 17. Dimensions – Age • Older Persons • Open with different physical, sensory, and cogniGve capabiliGes • Common design principles: improved contrast; enlargement of informaGon; careful organizaGon of informaGon; choice of appropriate input devices; avoid relying on memory; simple and minimalist design • Large repertoire that might influence their feelings towards technology, especially with aids. Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 13
- 18. Dimensions – Computer User ExperGse • Experience level with different devices • Experience level with convenGonal designs • Help, guides, error prevenGon Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 14
- 19. Dimensions – Culture & Language • Language barriers • Different interpretaGons and convenGons of colour, symbol, gesture etc. due to cultural differences • GlobalizaGon vs. localizaGon • Design for all acknowledges, recognizes, appreciates, and integrates these differences (Marcus and Rau, 2009) Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 15
- 20. Dimensions – Social Issues • Social and economical status • EducaGon level, especially technical educaGon • Closely related to culture differences and access to technology in certain regions Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 16
- 21. Dimensions – Tech Environment • Temporary states of impairment caused by the environment in which the user interact with the device • Noise level • LighGng • Time differences • Physical locaGon • Desktop vs. mobile compuGng vs. VR • Network coverage • Interface design • Permission to use the device under certain circumstances Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 17
- 22. PerspecGve and Approach Web Accessibility • helps people with disabiliGes use the internet • allows for them to receive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web • Help guide developers to bemer understand user • Unfortunately not well integrated • Microsop, Adobe, IBM have launched accessibility iniGaGves Dimensions Perspec7ve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 18
- 23. PerspecGve and Approach User Interface AdapGon • UI must be personalizable and adaptable to accommodate all users • Hide/View desktop icons, live help menu, ect. • Most current commercial adaptaGons are purely aestheGc • view/zoom toggle, color change, sound change Dimensions Perspec7ve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 19
- 25. PerspecGve and Approach Accessibility in the cloud • Try to make UI personable for everyone not just disability access • Goal is to create infrastructure capable of soluGons to accommodate complete user diversity • Users have accessibility profiles that set framework to automaGcally adapt commercial products to their tailored needs (currently in conceptualizaGon/design phases) Dimensions Perspec7ve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon 21
- 27. Observa/ons Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques - gain insight into the user experience - understood within the contexts of use - richer understanding of the relaGonships between preference, behavior, problems and values - can be used for older people and users with disabiliGes Difficulty: “invasion” of the user’s space and privacy e.g disabled or older people who are not keen to reveal their problems in everyday acGviGes. Anthropology Ethnography Ethnomethodology 23
- 29. Interviews Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques With older people, interviews as a means for gathering user requirements has also proven to be an effecGve method - ethnographically inspired method - users, stakeholders and domain experts are quesGoned to obtain informaGon about their needs or requirements in relaGon to a system - unstructured - structured - semi-structured Difficulty: composed of cogniGvely and communicaGon impaired people E.g deaf people 25
- 30. Ac/vity Diaries and Cultural Probes Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques Difficulty: process for the blind and users with motor impairments soluGon: electronic formed or audio recorded diaries - Ethnographically inspired method - Self-reported record of user behavior over a period of Gme - ParGcipants are required to record acGviGes they are engaged in during a normal day. - textual - visual, pictures and videos 26
- 31. Group Discussions Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques Difficulty: - user group has severe communicaGon problems - important that the discussion leader manages the discussion effecGvely and efficiently - Older People Brainstorming - recoded - cri7sm is forbidden Focus groups: that each parGcipant can act to sGmulate ideas, and that by a process of discussion, a collecGve view is established 6-12 people, guided by a facilitator it does not discriminate against people who with disabiliGes 27
- 32. Empathic Modeling Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques Difficulty: differences from a real disability - help designers/developers put themselves in the posiGon of a disabled user, usually through disability simulaGon - done by simulaGng the disability by various techniques 28
- 33. Scenario, Storyboards and Personas Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques 29
- 35. User Trials Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques - tested by “real users” - performed for usability evaluaGon purposes 31
- 36. Coopera/ve and Par/cipatory Design Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach InteracGon Technique s Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Design Methods and Techniques 32
- 40. Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Techniques Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Speech Speech input systems Speech recogniGon systems Speech output systems • User speak • Capture voice • Convert from analog to digital • Read digital data • DigiGze the sounds • Filter unwanted noise • Divided into small segments • Phoneme predicGon • Recognize phonemes • Context interpretaGon • Decode • Process funcGon • Life like generaGon • Speech Speech Dialogue System 36
- 43. Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Techniques Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Eye Tracking • DifficulGes 1. Slow typing 2. Hard to correct 3. Missing feedback 4. Limited user requirements 39
- 44. Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Techniques Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Gesture and head tracking Myo Armband Henry Evans: Meet the robots for humanity 40
- 48. Dimensions PerspecGve and Approach Design Methods and Techniques InteracGon Techniques Conclusions and Q&A IntroducGon Conclusions 1. Extend human’s possibiliGes 2. Unlock human’s senses, feelings and power 3. Benefit for all human beings 44
- 49. References • Design for All hmp://designforall.org/design.php • Difference Between Usability and Accessibility hmp://www.apaddedcell.com/what-s-the-difference-between-usability-and-accessibility • Web Accessibility hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEM9Fn9aOG8 • Behind the Mic: The Science of Talking with Computers hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yxxRAHVtafI • Dennis Hong: Making a car for blind drivers hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O2OQxHNVLNY • Michigan Engineering: Refreshable Braille Device hmps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0fIg4rI4cDw • Hugh Herr: The new bionics that let us run, climb and dance hmp://www.ted.com/talks/hugh_herr_the_new_bionics_that_let_us_run_climb_and_dance#t-907059 • Evelyn Glennie: How to truly listen hmp://www.ted.com/talks/evelyn_glennie_shows_how_to_listen#t-1909218 48
- 53. Thank You