AceWiki: Controlled English in a Semantic Wiki
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AceWiki is a semantic wiki that allows users to write articles in controlled English. This controlled English, called Attempto Controlled English (ACE), can be automatically translated to logical formats like OWL. AceWiki provides features like consistency checking, querying, and a predictive editor to help users write syntactically correct ACE sentences. An evaluation found the wiki easy to use, with untrained users able to write mostly correct and complex sentences.
AceWiki: Controlled English in a Semantic Wiki
- 1. AceWiki: Controlled English in a Semantic Wiki Tobias Kuhn University of Zurich Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2 20 November 2008
- 2. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 2 AceWiki AceWiki is a new kind of semantic wiki Goals: Good usability (even for completely untrained people) High expressivity (OWL and beyond) Approach: Articles are written in controlled English
- 3. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 3 Attempto Controlled English (ACE) Attempto Controlled English (ACE) is a controlled natural language, concretely a subset of English Can be translated automatically and unambiguously into various logical notations, e.g. first-order logic, OWL, SWRL Supports a relatively large subset of natural English: Proper names, nouns, verbs, adjectives, singular/plural, relative phrases, anaphoric references, existential and universal quantifiers, negation, conditional sentences, question, and much more...
- 4. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 4 AceWiki: Screenshot
- 5. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 5 AceWiki: Words Proper names stand for individuals, e.g. Switzerland, Bob Dylan Nouns stand for classes, e.g. country, person Transitive verbs, of-constructs, and transitive adjectives stand for binary relations, e.g. owns, contains, part of, friend of, located in, used for
- 6. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 6 AceWiki: Reasoning ACE is more expressive than OWL Since AceWiki currently uses an OWL reasoner, not all ACE statement can be used for the reasoning: The reasoner is used for consistency checking, individual classification, class hierarchy extraction, and query answering
- 7. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 7 AceWiki: Consistency Check Each time a new sentence is added, AceWiki checks whether it contradicts the current ontology If there is a contradiction then the sentence is displayed in red font and not added to the ontology (i.e. not used for reasoning) No reasoning without consistency!
- 8. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 8 Queries in AceWiki In AceWiki, articles can contain inline queries expressed as ACE questions Some examples: Such questions are answered automatically by the reasoner:
- 9. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 9 AceWiki: Predictive Editor ACE sentences are easy to understand, but writing statements in ACE is more complicated because the language restrictions have to be considered AceWiki provides a predictive editor that helps the users to create syntactically correct sentences The predictive editor “looks ahead” and shows word-by-word all possible continuations of a partial ACE sentence
- 10. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 10 AceWiki: Editor
- 11. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 11 AceWiki: Technical Details AceWiki is currently in its alpha stage The reasoner Pellet is used (version 1.5.2) The ontology can be exported in OWL 2 format AceWiki is written in Java using the Echo Web Framework making use of modern AJAX technologies Some important features are still missing: history/undo facility, user management, ontology import, ... AceWiki and the ACE parser are available under the LGPL license
- 12. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 12 AceWiki: Evaluation A usability experiment has been performed in order to find out how easy or complicated it is to use AceWiki The participants were asked to add general and verifiable knowledge to the wiki No instructions how to deal with AceWiki 80% of the created sentences were correct and sensible 61% of the correct sentences were complex (i.e. contained a negation or an implication)
- 13. Tobias Kuhn, Semantic Wiki mini series, Session 2, 20 November 2008 13 That's all, folks! Thank you for your attention! More information can be found on the AceWiki website: http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch/acewiki/