Achieving Interoperability through Semantics-based Technologies: The Instant Messaging Case
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This document discusses achieving interoperability between heterogeneous systems through automated synthesis of mediators. It presents an approach that uses ontologies to model interaction protocols and enable reasoning about semantic mappings between systems. An implementation generates mediators by combining ontology reasoning with model checking of interaction specifications. The approach was shown to effectively synthesize mediators, but future work includes handling more complex mappings and learning models automatically from systems.
Achieving Interoperability through Semantics-based Technologies: The Instant Messaging Case
- 1. Achieving Interoperability through Semantics-based Technologies: The Instant Messaging Case Amel Bennaceur and Valérie Issarny (Inria, France) Romina Spalazzese (University of L’Aquila, Italy) Shashank Tyagi (Banaras University, India) ISWC 2012, 15th November 2012
- 2. Outline The Interoperability challenge in pervasive environments Automated synthesis of mediators • Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols • Ontology-based Model Checking Implementation Lessons learned and future work 2
- 3. Interoperability in Pervasive Environments Systems are becoming increasingly connected • Future Internet, Cyber-Physical System, Internet of Things • Integration becoming more difficult Interactions among components cannot be planned beforehand • Increasingly dynamic • Unanticipated components System and its components figure out how to interact dynamically • Automatically ensuring interoperation at runtime 3
- 4. Illustrating the Interoperability Challenges A plethora of applications with compatible functionalities • e.g., exchanging instant messages Unable to interact • e.g., MSN and XMPP clients Heterogeneous data and behavioral models • e.g., use of chat rooms 4
- 5. Existing Approaches to Interoperability × Standard: chosen × Interoperability platforms: × Transparent interoperability: shared language one talks all languages Auxiliary language e.g., XMPP e.g., Pidgin, Adium e.g., J-EAI, CrossTalk Transform on the fly using an mediators How can we synthesise ‘correct’intermediary automatically and deploy them : Babel network? system (the mediator) on the fish e.g., WSMX 5
- 6. Outline The Interoperability challenge in pervasive environments Automated synthesis of mediators • Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols • Ontology-based Model Checking Implementation Lessons learned and future work 6
- 7. Dynamic Synthesis of Mediators Sustaining composition in highly heterogeneous and dynamic environments • Semantics of networked systems needed to reason about and achieve on-the-fly interoperability • Ontology for the description of functional semantics • Process algebra for the description of behavioural semantics • Combining ontology reasoning and behavioural analysis • To support the automated generation of mediators 7
- 8. Dynamic Synthesis of Mediators b a c d e MSNP IM Ontology XMPP Modelling (OWL) MSNP XMPP model model Ontology-based Model Checking No Behavioral Matching Yes Mediation Mediator Failure 8
- 9. Modelling of Interaction Protocols FSP (Finite State Processes) • Semantics described using labelled transition systems • Verification supported by the LTSA model checker • Actions do FSP Syntaxany semantics not have FSP Semantics Action Prefix Choice Sequence Parallel Composition 9
- 10. Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols An action specifies • The operation required from or provided to the environment • The associated input and output data 10
- 11. OFSP Specification of MSNP 11 11
- 12. OFSP Specification of XMPP 12 12
- 13. Ontology-based Reasoning about Interaction Protocols Action Subsumption • is subsumed by iff • • • e.g., • • is subsumed by 13
- 14. Ontology-based Reasoning about Interaction Protocols Processes synchronise based on the semantics of actions • If is subsumed by then generate to make them synchronise Verify that the processes reach their final states using model checking 14
- 16. Outline The Interoperability challenge in pervasive environments Automated synthesis of mediators • Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols • Ontology-based Model Checking Implementation Lessons learned and future work 16
- 17. Implementation Ontology-based Model Checking (OLTSA) Synthesis DSL Spec Parser 1 Mediator Composer 2 DSL Spec of messages Composer Parser 2 of messages 1 SOCKS Proxy XMPP Client BuddyManagement MSN Client BindingManagement 17
- 18. Round Trip time with 100 car Mediator Performance 900 800 700 message (ms) 600 500 400 Native 300 Hand-crafted 200 Automated 100 0 18
- 19. Outline The Interoperability challenge in pervasive environments Automated synthesis of mediators • Ontology-based Modelling of Interaction Protocols • Ontology-based Model Checking Implementation Lessons learned and future work 19
- 20. Lessons Learned (1) It works!!!! Automated synthesis of mediators promises to address interoperability in a future-proof manner Ontologies have a key role to play in supporting the automated synthesis of mediators 20
- 21. Lessons Learned (2) Dealing with a larger set of mappings • One-to-many and many-to-many mappings • Dealing with ambiguous mappings Extracting the system model automatically • Using automata learning to learn the behaviour • Using schema annotation to learn the annotations Need for standard benchmarks • To evaluate the kind of mismatches that occur in real systems • To compare with similar approaches 21
- 22. Thank you 22
- 23. Further Information Home page: www-rocq.inria.fr/~bennaceu ARLES: www.rocq.inria.fr/arles CONNECT: connect-forever.eu The Role of Ontologies in Emergent Middleware: Supporting Interoperability in Complex Distributed Systems, In Proc. Middleware 2011 Middleware-layer Connector Synthesis: Beyond State of the Art in Middleware Interoperability, In SFM 2011 Towards an architecture for runtime interoperability, In Proc. ISoLA 2010 23