1) When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the compounds break apart into ions. Water can also break apart into hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
2) Solutions with equal amounts of hydrogen and hydroxide ions are considered neutral. Acidic solutions have more hydrogen ions, while basic solutions have more hydroxide ions.
3) The pH scale is used to represent the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution, with "p" standing for potential and "H" standing for hydrogen. Buffers are weak acids or bases that prevent changes in pH when reacting with strong acids or bases.