The structure and function of cells blackboard
- 1. THE CELL
- 2. Cell Notes ļ® Robert _________made a microscope Hooke 1665 in______. He looked at cork and called cells the little boxes he saw ā_______ā.
- 3. Cell Notes ļ® Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1674) living observed tiny ______ organisms (calling them āanimaculesā) in drops of water pond ________ through his simple microscope.
- 4. Cell Notes ļ® Matthias Schleiden (1838) concluded plants cells that all ________are made of _______. ļ® Theordor 1839 Schwann (_____) Concluded that all animals ______are made of cells.
- 5. Cell notes ļ® RudolfVirchow (1855) concluded that new cells could only arise from the division _____________ of existing cells.
- 6. The Cell Theory 1. All organisms are composed of______. cells basic unit 2. The cell is the ___________ of structure and function in all living things. 3. All cells come from ________________________ Preexisting cells
- 7. Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells _____ Nucleus No Nucleus ________ ____ membrane- No Membrane-covered covered organelles organelles _______ DNA Circular Chromatin _____________ DNA Bacteria All other cells
- 8. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
- 9. Cytoplasm ļ®Portion of cell outside of the nucleus ļ®Made of jellylike mixture and organelles
- 10. The Nucleus ļ® Controls most activities in the cell ļ® Contains all genetic information in the form of DNA
- 11. Nuclear Envelope ļ®Membrane made of small pores in which RNA and other molecules exit
- 12. Chromatin vs. Chromosomes ļ®Chromatin ā relaxed DNA (spaghetti) ļ® Chromosomes ācondensed DNA that appears during mitosis/meiosis (X)
- 14. Nucleolus ļ®Denseball of chromatin in nucleus ļ®Assembly of ribosomes takes place here
- 15. Nucleus
- 17. Ribosomes ļ®Protein maker ļ®May be free in cytoplasm or attached to ER
- 18. Ribosomes
- 19. Endoplasmic Reticulum ļ® Foundjust outside the nucleus ļ® Comes in two forms.
- 20. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ļ®Contains ribosomes ļ®Constructs membrane and exported proteins (digestive and immune cells) ļ®Constructs phospholipids
- 21. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ļ® Does not contain ribosomes ļ® Synthesizes lipids like cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen (sex cells) ļ® Contains enzymes to help detoxify drugs and alcohol (liver and kidney cells)
- 22. Ribosomes & Endoplasmic Reticulum
- 23. Golgi Apparatus ļ® Postal Office ļ® Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for export ļ® Cells that make lots of saliva or mucus have lots of Golgi bodies
- 24. Golgi Apparatus
- 25. Lysosomes ļ® The clean up crew of the cell ļ® Full of enzymes to break down organelles, bacteria, food, etc.
- 26. Vacuole ļ®Storagearea for water, waste, or pigments ļ®Support for plants
- 27. Vacuoles
- 28. Mitochondria ļ® Food + O2 ļ Energy + CO2 + H2O ļ® Converts food into energy the cell can use ļ® Composed of two membranous envelopes ļ® Many mitochondria in muscle cells
- 29. Mitochondria
- 30. Chloroplast ļ® Site of Photosynthesis āGREEN āSunlight + CO2 + H2O ļ C6H12O6 + O2
- 31. Chloroplast
- 32. Chromoplast ļ®Contain red, orange, and yellow pigments ļ®Ex: Carrots, flower petal cells, and fall leaves!!
- 33. Chromoplast Yellow flower Red Pepper petal
- 34. Cytoskeleton ļ±Used to maintain structure of animal and plant cells ļ±Involved in movement
- 35. Cytoskeleton ļ®Microtubules ātube shaped structure that forms ātracksā ļ®Microfilaments- rod shaped structures
- 37. Cytoskeleton
- 38. Centrioles ļ±Two short cylinders of microtubules that help the cell in reproduction (mitosis) ļ±Forms Spindle
- 39. Cell Membrane ļ® Regulates what enters and leaves the cell ļ® Provides protection and support ļ® Composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded protein channels and carbohydrate chains
- 40. Cell Membrane
- 42. Cell Wall ļ® Provides protection and support ļ® Inplants, algae, fungi, and prokaryotes ļ® In plants, made of Cellulose
- 43. Cell Wall
- 44. Cilia & Flagella ļ±Made of microtubules ļ±Cilia- many hair-like projections ļ±Flagella ā very long projection (s)
- 45. FLAGELLA