Acs patho
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This document discusses the pathophysiology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It identifies non-modifiable risk factors like family history and age, as well as modifiable risk factors such as smoking, obesity, and diabetes. Atherosclerosis and plaque rupture can block coronary arteries, reducing blood flow and oxygen to the heart. This causes chest pain and changes in vital signs as the heart receives insufficient blood, which can progress to myocardial ischemia, infarction, and even cardiovascular death if not treated.
Acs patho
- 1. Non Modifiable Risk Factors: -Family history of Heart Disease -Increase age Modifiable Risk Factors: -Hyperlipidemia -Cigarette smoking -Obesity -Hypertension -Physical Inactivity -Diabetes Mellitus Atherosclerosis Coronary Artery Dissection tion Coronary artery spasm Decreased ATP production Atheromatous Plaque Beginning of thrombus Platelet activation and aggregation Blocks coronary arteries Plaque Ruptured Inside wall of coronary artery separates Reduce blood flow Narrowing and hardening of arterial wall Increase HR diaphoresis Acidosis Dizziness, headache, confusion c Increase RR and depth Nausea & Vomiting PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACS
- 2. Decreased pumping action of the heart (decreased cardiac output) Insufficient blood supply to the heart Myocardial Dysfunction Myocardial Infarction Myocardial Ischemia Necrosis Scar tissue formation Irreversible damage to the myocardium CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH Atrial and ventricular ischemia DOB, weakness Decreased cerebral oxygenation Angina pectoris Imbalance action potential Na , K, Ca Altered electrical activity of the heart Arrhythmia Prolong acidosis Distended neck veins Abnormal lung sounds Hypoperfussion, Hypotension Heart failure Cardiogenic shock Prolong ischemia