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- 2. CVD Heart diseases are responsible for more death than any other cause in UK. Around 20% of the death are caused by cardio vascular diseases.
- 3. Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is the hardening of the arteries due to fat deposition.
- 4. Plaque A fatty deposit hardened by calcium salts and fibrous tissue which may form on the lining of an artery. Plaques formed in coronary artery (supplying blood to the walls of heart) and carotid artery (supplying blood to the head) are more dangerous.
- 5. Atherosclerosis High blood pressure and chemicals in tobacco smoke can cause damage to the endothelium of blood vessels. Atherosclerosis usually occurs in arteries rather than veins. This is because the blood flows under high pressure in arteries which can cause damage to the endothelium.
- 6. Atheroma The damage in the endothelium attracts white blood cells. Chemicals, especially cholesterol, is deposited in the area and lead to the formation of a fatty deposit called atheroma. Fibrous tissue and calcium salts also build up around the atheroma, turning it into a hardened plaque. The part of the artery wall hardens and becomes less elastic. This condition is called atherosclerosis .
- 8. Problems caused by atherosclerosis Blood accumulates behind the plaque and the artery wall bulges and will eventually become weakened. This is known as aneurysm . The weakened artery may split open leading to internal bleeding ( hemorrhage ).
- 9. Problems caused by atherosclerosis Increase in blood pressure can damage organs such as kidneys, eyes and brain. If the blood pressure increases well beyond normal, more materials will be lost through urine. Increase in blood pressure can cause damage to the capillaries of the eye and can lead to blindness.
- 10. Problems caused by atherosclerosis Bleeding from capillaries into the brain results in stroke.
- 11. Angina Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart isn't getting enough oxygen because of reduced blood flow to the cardiac muscle. Usually the result of atherosclerosis and is a symptom of coronary heart disease.
- 13. Angina can be prevented by eating a low-fat diet taking regular exercise losing weight and not smoking Symptoms of angina can be reduced with the usage of drugs which will dilate blood vessels. Heart bypass surgery may be required in serious conditions.
- 14. Thrombosis Clot that forms in a blood vessel. Platelets come into contact with the plaque and the clotting process begins.
- 15. Coronary Thrombosis A clot that gets stuck in a coronary artery is known as a coronary thrombosis.
- 16. What can we do? Important to react quickly. Call an ambulance. Give the person two full strength aspirin tablets.
- 17. Stroke A stroke is caused by an interruption to the normal blood supply in an area of the brain. This may be caused due to the breaking of blood vessels (due to high BP) or due to a blockage to the blood vessels supplying to the brain.
- 18. Symptoms of stroke dizziness confusion slurred speech blurred vision numbness paralysis