Action research - OD process - Organizational Change and Development - Manu Melwin Joy
- 2. Prepared By Kindly restrict the use of slides for personal purpose. Please seek permission to reproduce the same in public forms and presentations. Manu Melwin Joy Assistant Professor Ilahia School of Management Studies Kerala, India. Phone – 9744551114 Mail – manu_melwinjoy@yahoo.com
- 3. Action Research • Dual purpose of action research: – Making action more effective. – Building a body of scientific knowledge around that action. • Action refers to: Programs and interventions designed to solve problems and improve conditions.
- 4. A Process and An Approach • Action research is a process, an ongoing series of events and actions. • Definition: – Action research is the process of systematically collecting research data about an ongoing system relative to some objective, goal, or need of that system; – feeding these data back into the system; – taking actions by altering selected variables within the system based both on the data and on hypotheses; and – evaluating the results of actions by collecting more data.
- 5. Action research • It was conceptualized by Kurt Lewin and later elaborated and expanded on by other behavioral scientists. • Concerned with social change and, more particularly, with effective, permanent social change, Lewin believed that the motivation to change was strongly related to action. • If people are active in decisions affecting them, they are more likely to adopt new ways. • "Rational social management", he said, "proceeds in a spiral of steps, each of which is composed of a circle of planning, action, and fact-finding about the result of action".
- 6. Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Model • The process of change involves three steps – Unfreezing: Faced with a dilemma or disconfirmation, the individual or group becomes aware of a need to change. – Changing: The situation is diagnosed and new models of behavior are explored and tested. – Refreezing: Application of new behavior is evaluated, and if reinforcing, adopted.
- 7. Action research • Action research is depicted as a cyclical process of change. • The cycle begins with a series of planning actions initiated by the client and the change agent working together. • The principal elements of this stage include a preliminary diagnosis, data gathering, feedback of results, and joint action planning.
- 8. Action research • In the language of systems theory, this is the input phase, in which the client system becomes aware of problems as yet unidentified, realizes it may need outside help to effect changes, and shares with the consultant the process of problem diagnosis.
- 9. Action research • The second stage of action research is the action, or transformation, phase. • This stage includes actions relating to learning processes (perhaps in the form of role analysis) and to planning and executing behavioral changes in the client organization.
- 10. Action research • Included in this stage is action-planning activity carried out jointly by the consultant and members of the client system. • Following the workshop or learning sessions, these action steps are carried out on the job as part of the transformation stage.
- 11. Action research • The third stage of action research is the output, or results, phase. • This stage includes actual changes in behavior (if any) resulting from corrective action steps taken following the second stage.
- 12. Action research • Data are again gathered from the client system so that progress can be determined and necessary adjustments in learning activities can be made. • Minor adjustments of this nature can be made in learning activities via Feedback Loop B. • Major adjustments and reevaluations would return the OD project to the first, or planning, stage for basic changes in the program.
- 13. Action research • Data are not simply returned in the form of a written report but instead are fed back in open joint sessions, and the client and the change agent collaborate in identifying and ranking specific problems, in devising methods for finding their real causes, and in developing plans for coping with them realistically and practically.
- 14. Action research • Scientific method in the form of data gathering, forming hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and measuring results, although not pursued as rigorously as in the laboratory, is nevertheless an integral part of the process.
- 15. Action research • Also sets in motion a long-range, cyclical, self-correcting mechanism for maintaining and enhancing the effectiveness of the client's system by leaving the system with practical and useful tools for self-analysis and self-renewal.