additional readings in music 9 quarter 1
- 1. 1 MAPEH 9- MUSIC- QUARTER 1 READING MATERIALS THE EUROPEAN MIDDLE AGES (500-1500) (Araling Panlipunan 8, Lesson 1-Q1) The gradual decline of the Roman Empire ushered in an era of European history called the Middle Ages, or the medieval period. During these period different events occurred. Charlemagne Unites Germanic kingdoms The gradual Decline of the Roman Empire Ushered in an area of European History Called the Middle Ages or the Medieval Period. It spanned the years from about 500 to 1500. During these centuries, a new society slowly emerged. It had roots in: (1) The classical heritage of Rome (2) the beliefs of Roman Catholic Church, and (3) the customs of various Germanic Tribes. Invasions of Western Europe In the fifth century, Germanic Invaders overran the western half of the Roman Empire. Repeated invasions and constant warfare caused a series of changes that altered the economy, government and culture: Disruption of trade, downfall of cities and population shifts. CLOVIS RULES THE FRANKS In the Roman province of Gaul (mainly what is now the France and Switzerland) a Germanic people called the Frank’s held power. Their leader was Clovis. He would bring Christianity to the region. In 496, Clovis led his warriors against another Germanic army and Frank’s won. Afterwards; Clovis and 3,000 of his warriors asked a bishop to baptize them. By 511, Clovis had united the Frankish kingdom and the church marked the start of a partnership between two powerful forces. AN EMPIRE EVOLVES After the Roman Empire Dissolved small kingdoms sprang up all over Europe. For example, England splintered into seven tiny kingdoms. Some of them were no larger than the state of Connecticut. The Frank’s controlled the largest and strongest of Europe's Kingdoms, the area that was formerly called the Roman Provinces of Gaul. When the Frank’s first Christian king, Clovis, died in 511, he had extended Frankish rule over most of what is now France. FEUDALISM IN EUROPE Feudalism- was a political system in which nobles were granted the use of land that legally belonged to the kings. In return, the Noble agreed to give their loyalty and military services to the king. And feudalism developed not only in Europe but also in countries like Japan. Knights and Nobles- Those who fought Men and Women – Those who prayed of the church Peasant – Those who worked European Feudalism OVERVIEW The gradual decline of the Roman Empire ushered in an era of European history called the Middle Ages, or the medieval period. It spanned the years from about 500 to 1500. During these centuries, a new society slowly emerged. It had roots in: (1) the classical heritage of Rome, (2) the beliefs of the Roman Catholic Church, and (3) the customs of various Germanic tribes. After the fall of Rome, no single state or government united the people who lived on the European continent. Instead, the Catholic Church became the most powerful institution of the medieval period. Kings, queens, and other leaders derived much of their power from their alliances with and protection of the Church.
- 2. 2 Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism Manor was the Lord’s estate. During the Middle Ages the Manor system was the basic Economic arrangements. Manor’s system rested on a set of rights and obligations between a lord and his serfs. Manor/lord provided serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits. In return serfs tended to the Lord’s lands, cared for his animals, and performed other tasks to maintain the estate. The Harshness of Manor Life For the privilege of living on the Lord’s land, peasants paid a high price. They paid a tax on all grain ground in the Lord’s Mill. Any attempt to avoid taxes by baking bread elsewhere was treated as a crime. Peasants also paid a tax marriage Both men and women, life was work and more work. Their days revolved around raising crops and livestock and taking care of home and family. As soon as children were old enough, they were put to work in the fields or in the home. And many children did not survive to adulthood, illness and malnutrition were constant. Yet, despite the hardship they endured, serfs/ peasants accepted their lot in life as part of the Church teachings, they, like most Christians during medieval times, and believed that God Determined a person’s place in society. THE AGE OF CHIVALRY During the Middle Ages, nobles constantly fought one another. Their feuding kept Europe in a fragmented state for centuries. Through warfare, feudal lords defended their estates, seized new territories, and increased their wealth. Lords and their armies lived in a violent society that prized combat skills. By the 1100s, though, a code of behavior began to arise. High ideals guided warriors’ actions and glorified their roles. The code of Chivalry has spade modern ideas of romance in Western Culture. WOMEN's ROLE IN FEUDAL SOCIETY Most women in feudal society were powerless, just as most men were But women had added burden of being thought inferior to men. And women played important roles in the lives of both nobles and peasant families. Noblewoman- under the feudal system, a noblewoman could inherit an estate from her husband. She could also send her knights to war. And when her husband was off fighting, the lady of a Medieval castle might act as Military commander and a warrior and played a key role in defending castles. Peasant woman- They are women from lower class. Peasant women performed endless labor around the home often in the fields, bore children, and took care of their families. Young peasant girls learned practical household skills from their mother at an early age, unlike the daughter in rich households who were educated by tutors. Females in peasant families were poor and powerless. THE POWER OF CHURCH Church leaders and political leaders competed for power and authority. Amid the weak central governments in feudal Europe, the Church emerged as a powerful institution. It shaped the lives of people from all social classes. As the Church expanded its political role, strong rulers began to question the pope’s authority. Dramatic power struggles unfolded in the Holy Roman Empire, the scene of mounting tensions between popes and emperors. Pope- Headed the church Clergy including bishops and priests- under the authority of Pope and the lowest ranking member of the clergy. Canon law or Church law, in matters such as marriage and religious practices. And there are two hardest punishments (excommunication and interdict) QUESTIONS: 1. In what ways were the lives of a Peasant Woman the same and different from the lives of a Noble Woman? 2. What generalizations could you make about the relationship between politics and religion in the Middle Ages? Activity : FEUDAL PYRAMID Directions: Create a diagram that explains how feudal societies function. Include the following terms (king, church official, Noble, knights and peasant). Do this on a separate sheet of paper.